初中英语时态总结1

初中阶段，要求学生掌握动词 6 种时态的基本结构(一般现在时，一般过去时，现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成时，和一般将来时态)及它们的主要用法和区别。了解过去将 来、过去完成时态的基本用法，解题时注意找出关键词，正确判断出时态，按时态结构正 确变化动词。注意句子时态的一致性，注意对特殊时态的处理。1、一般现在时： 用法: 1)现阶段经常性，习惯性的动作。例如： I get up at six every morning.He plays tennis once a week. 2)现在的状态。例如：My mother is a teacher. She teaches English in a school. 3）客观真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun. 4）常用于一般现在时态的时间状语：often ，usually ，sometimes ，always ，every day ，never ，in the morning等连用时。 构成：主语是 I, we, you, they 和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。主语是 he, she , it 和名词单数时，动词第三人称单数的变法如下：主语为第三人称和名词单数时：肯定式:S+V/动词的第三人称单数 否定式:S+ don't/doesn't +V+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+S+V+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,S+do/does一般情况＋s以 s, x, ch, sh,o 结尾＋es以辅音＋y 结尾变 y 为 i＋es(否)No,S+do/does not注意：have 的第三人称单数为 has 当主语是第一、二人称和第三人称复数以及名词复数时： 肯定式: S + be +···否定式: S+ be +not + ··· 疑问式: Am /Is /Are + S+ ···? 简略回答: (肯) Yes, S + be.(否) No, S + be.练习题：--- May I help you, sir?--- Yes, I bought the TV the day before yesterday, but it .didn’t work B. doesn’t work C. won’t work D. can’t work 2． the bus until it ..A. Get off, stops B. Get off, will stop C. Don’t get off, stops D. Don’t get off, will stop3．The 70-year-old man exercises in the morning.A. takes B. are taking C. took D. will take2. 现在进行时 用法：1）说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式I am a student.I am not a student.Are you a student.第一、二人We/You/ They areWe/You/ They are notAre you/ they称和第三人students.students.students?称复数以及He/ She is a student.He/ She is not a student.Is he/ she a student?名词复数I / We/ You/ They/ don’ tI / We/ You/ They/ likelike music.Do you/ they like music?music.Many people don’ t likeDo many people likeMany people like music.music.music?She is having a bath now.2）现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如： You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. The population of the world is growing very fast.3）频度副词 always, forever 等词连用时， 表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas. (表示欣赏，表扬) 4）表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于 go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, begin, stay 等动词）。如：The party is beginning at 8:00 o’clock..5) 常用于现在进行时态的时间状语： now ,look,listen 等。 构成：be+ v-ingng 现在分词的构成：2)肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句 ： S+be +V-ing 否定句：S+be+not + V-ing 一般疑问句：Is(Are)+S+V-ing？ 特殊疑问：wh_+ be + S + V-ing?e.g.一般情况cook-cooking以不发音字母 e 结尾的单词。去 e,加 ingmake-making, taste-tasting以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.run-running, stop-stopping,主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第 一 、 二 人 称I am driving.I am not driving.Are you driving?和 第 三 人 称 复He/She/It is working.He/She/It isnotIs he/she/it working?数 以 及 名 词 复We/You/They aredoingworking.Are you/they doing数something.We/You/They arenotsomething?doing anything.练习题：1．I don’t think that it’s true. She’s lies.tell B. tells C. telling D. toldHow you with the new job?do, do B. do, get along C. are, doing D. are, getting on 3．--- Are these socks yours?--- No. Mine outside on the clothes line.are hanging B. have hung C. hang D. hung3．一般将来时 用法：1．将要发生的动作。例如：I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.2．将要存在的状态。例如：This time next year I will be in Japan. Where will you be?3．打算要做的事。 例如：Are you going to watch the film on television tonight?3) 常用于一般将来时的时间状语：tomorrow next week in 2012 等。 构成：助动词 will(shall)+vbe +going to +v练习题：I for Hong Kong on Saturday. Will you go to see me off at the airport？A. am leaving B. am left C. am going to leaving D. left2.I to see grandma and help her with some housework every week.A. came B. am going come C. come D. will come 3.We Chinese the Olympic Games in 2008.held B. shall holding C. are holding D. are going to hold4．一般过去时 用法：1． 过去发生的动作。例如：The police stopped me on my way home last night.2． 过去存在的状态。例如：They weren't able to come because they were so busy.3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday，three months ago，last year，in 1979，等。 构成：S+V-ed用动词的过去式。作谓语的行为动词的词尾变化如下：2）一般过去时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be 和 like 为例）：一般情况+ed以 e 字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母＋y 结尾去 y 变 i＋ed重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式I was a student.I was not a student.Were you a student.We/You/ They wereWe/You/ They wereWere you/ they students?第一、二人称和第三students.not students.Was he/ she a student?人称复数以及名词复He/ She was aHe/ She was not a数student.student.Did you/ they like music?I / We/ You/ They/Did many people like music?I / We/ You/ They/didn’t like music.liked music.Many peopleMany people likeddidn’t like music.music.练习题：1． Mr. Mott is out. But he here a few minutes ago.was B. is C. will be D. would be 2．---Hi, Tom.---Hello, Fancy. I you were here.don’t know B.won’t think C. think D. didn’t know 3．He promised to tell me by himself when I .A. come B. would come C. come D. had come5、过去进行时 概念： 1)过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 例如： This time last year I was living in Brazil.What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?2)常用于过去进行时的时间状语：at four yesterday afternoon，then，at that time/moment 等。构成： was / were +v-ing1）Daddy promised me he me a computerA. was bought B. had bought C bought D. would buy 2）They said they do some sports if it was fine.A. were going to B. went C. would going D. were going6、现在完成时 概念：1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与 already, just, ever, never, before 等词连用. 如:She has never read this novel.2)表示 “过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去. 常与 for (后跟段时 间)或 since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:I have been a member of the Party for 10 years.I have been a member of the Party since 10 years ago.注：在有 for 和 since 引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词，应用与之相应的表示状态的词。如：He has died for 3 years.(F)He has been dead for 3 years.(T)注：①现在完成时不能和表示明确的过去时间连用。如：in 1998, last morning 等②have/has been to 表示“去过”（去了又回来了）have/has gone to 表示“去过”（去了没回来了） 如：Where has she gone?(句中所指的人不在)Where has she been?(句中作指的人在) 构成：have / has + v-ing 2）现在完成时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式（以 be 和 see 为例）： 肯定句：S+ have（has）+V-ed主 语肯 定 式否 定 式疑 问 式第一、二人称 和第三人称复 数以及名词复 数I /We/You/ They have been here before.He/ She has been here before..I / We/ You/ They/ Many people have seen the film.I /We/You/ They haven’ t been here before.He/ She hasn’ t been here before ..I / We/ You/ They/ Many people haven’ t seen the film.Have you/ they been here before?Has he/ she been here before?Have you/ they/ many people seen the film?否定句：S+ have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+V-ed 一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ S+V-ed+？ 特殊疑问句：wh_+have(has)+ S+V-ed+？练习题：1.--How long he a fever?--- Ever since last night.A. have, got B. have , had C. have, caught D. did, have 2.My bowl is empty. Who all my soup?A. drinks B. had drunk C. has drunk D. drankI you for a long time. Where you ?Didn’t seen; did, go B. didn’t see; have, goneC. haven’t seen; have, been D. haven’t seen; have gone7、过去完成时态 用法：1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。 他表示的时间是“过去 的过去 ”常与 by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。如：She said she had seen the film 4 times.When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left.2、表示 从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与 for (后跟 段时间)或 since (后跟点时间)等连用.如:She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 构成：肯定式：had + V_ed 否定式：hadn’t + V_ed 疑问式：Had … + V_ed 简略回答: Yes, S + have/has had.No, S + had以上内容来源于三好社区，获取更多知识点及习题解析欢迎登陆三好社区。近期三好网推出 1 块钱上“北京名师提分直通车”活动，同时 699元的智能教学硬件“好学宝”终身免费使用,从而引发疯抢，全国仅 限 500 名， 一元钱就可以体验一对一教学， 机不可失,赶快报名 吧！！！点击“阅读原文”即刻报名！