2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　单句改错＋阅读理解＋书面表达

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这是一份2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　单句改错＋阅读理解＋书面表达，共4页。
2021届高考核心考点十分钟基础题速练：　单句改错＋阅读理解＋书面表达
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Ⅰ.单句改错(并列连词和名词性从句)
1．First we tried setting three fixed days for our experiment—Mondays, Wednesdays or Fridays.____________
2．I replaced the shoes several times, and still the customers were dissatisfied.____________
3．Many things make human beings different from and better than animals.____________
4．Energy, passion and a burning desire are that, you see, true learning takes.____________
5．Besides, I must work hard or put all my time and energy into study.____________
6．First, we have to master that we have learned this term, such as the important words, phrases and sentence patterns.____________
7．We should never throw our pet fish into a river or a lake if we don't know how they will adapt to the new environment or not.____________
8．The reason why I can't spare time is because there are many friends of mine who are facing a coming English exam.____________
9．One of the glorious moments in my school life was that I was awarded the Mayor's Award.____________
10．One advantage of eating a balanced breakfast is whether it can keep you energetic throughout the day.____________
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
说明文
290词
★★☆☆☆
Music has a great effect on everyone. But does music affect plants, too? People have been experimenting with music for almost three decades. From schoollevel projects to higherlevel scientific experiments, the effect of music on plants has been a confusing and debatable topic.
We know music is sound and sound is nothing more than a wave. Plant growth is a result of the cell division that takes place within the cells. But why is music associated with plant growth? In humans, music has a strong effect on our health and mood, and over the years, people have claimed that the same effect has been observed on plants, too. Plants are sensitive by nature, and many people claim that they have feelings just as humans do. There are stories about plants shedding tears. Although scientists do not support these as facts, these myths have led them to take up various experiments on plants.
Various studies have proved that plants respond to acoustic energy (声能). It increases their rate of growth and their sizes, and influences their overall health. Dan Carlson, after years of research, has reached a conclusion that music helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently.
It took Dan about fifteen years to develop a foliage spray (叶面喷剂) that is used beneficially with the sound frequencies. Dan calls this spray “Sonic Bloom” His findings have proved to be beneficial for countless farmers and have made contributions to—according to the Guinness Book of World Records—the birth of the largest indoor plant on record.
The Purple Passion was treated with the Sonic Bloom process. It grew to be 1,300 feet tall and was alive even after 25 years. Its normal lifespan (寿命), however, is 18 months and it grows not more than 18 feet tall. The book, Secrets of the Soil, describes Sonic Bloom and its results. Sonic Bloom is also sold on the market.
1．What inspired scientists to experiment with plants?
A．The effects of music on humans.
B．Plants are sensitive by nature.
C．The cell division taking place within the cells.
D．People's debatable opinions of the effect that music has on plants.
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．Nutrients are important to plants.
B．Music can have some good effects on plants.
C．The rate of growth of plants can be improved.
D．What kinds of music can contribute to the growth of plants.
3．What did Dan Carlson develop?
A．A spray called “Sonic Bloom”. B．A method for growing larger plants.
C．A special plant that grows very fast. D．Acoustic energy that plants respond to.
4．Why is the Purple Passion included in the Guinness Book of World Records?
A．It is the oldest indoor plant. B．It is the largest indoor plant.
C．It gives off the most pleasant smell. D．It can grow in the toughest condition.
B
说明文
302词
★★★☆☆
A survey in the Philippines has shown the country uses a “shocking” amount of singleuse plastic, including nearly 60 billion sachets (小袋) a year, a report said. The report, produced by the nongovernmental organization GAIA, is part of an effort to collect data on plastic consumption as environmentalists push for government action to reduce plastic waste.
It contains shocking figures: every day, almost 48 million shopping bags are used throughout the Philippines, adding up to more than 17 billion a year. And that figure does not include the smaller, thinner and often transparent plastic bags known as “labo” bags—around 16. 5 billion of those are used per year across the country, the report says. The figures are based on 21 waste assessments conducted in 13 cities across the Philippines, with the national figures produced by extrapolating (推断) from local results.
More than half of nonrecyclable plastic analyzed in the survey came from sachets—small plastic packets often lined with aluminium or containing other materials that make them nonrecyclable. Small portions of products ranging from coffee to shampoo are often sold in sachets in the Philippines, and are seen as an affordable solution for consumers.
But Grate said the popularity appeared to be more a result of what is available, with wealthier consumers simply buying multiple sachets. “If you go to the supermarkets, it's rare for you to be able to buy coffee in bigger containers; it's all in sachets，” he said.
The survey is the first time an organization has tried to quantify (确定数量) sachet use, and the NGO hopes to pressure both the government and industry to take action on controlling singleuse plastic. The report found that where locallevel plastic bag bans have been put in place and strictly enforced, usage has dropped dramatically.
It urged the government to “institute (建立；实行) a comprehensive national plastic bag ban that promotes reusable bags”. And it wants regulations on other singleuse plastic products and rules requiring companies to redesign products and packaging to minimize plastic waste.
5．What's the purpose of GAIA in carrying out the survey?
A．To show how shocking the amount of plastic waste can be.
B．To get people and the government to know better about its final goal.
C．To collect accurate numbers of plastic bags used in the whole country.
D．To help make the government take measures to reduce plastic waste.
6．Why can't many sachets be recycled?
A．They are not made of only plastic.
B．They won't last long after being buried.
C．They cost less to be made than recycled.
D．They can naturally change to a simpler chemical form.
7．Which is a reason for the popularity of sachets in the Philippines?
A．They can't be easily afforded. B．Big containers are rarely available.
C．Shopping bags are often transparent. D．They are more environmentally friendly.
8．How can companies help reduce plastic waste according to GAIA?
A．By producing fewer products.
B．By inventing new recycling machines.
C．By donating money to recycling companies.
D．By using as little plastic as possible on their products.
Ⅲ.书面表达
假如你是李华，你的好友 Tom 来信说想了解你近期以来的学习生活近况，请你按照以下要点，给他回信：
1．你的日常学习概况； 2.你的奋斗目标； 3.你目前在学习中遇到的困难。
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.词数100左右。
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参考答案
Ⅰ.单句改错(并列连词和名词性从句)
1．答案与解析：or→and　前边提到是三个固定的日期，故Mondays，Wednesdays和Fridays之间是并列关系，所以把or改成and。
2．答案与解析：and→but　前后两个分句之间语意上存在转折，故应把and改为but。
3．答案与解析：and→or　许多东西把人类区别于或友好于动物。根据句意可知，different from与better than之间存在选择关系，故把and改为or。
4．答案与解析：that→what　you see为插入语，先去掉。精力、激情和燃烧的欲望是真正的学习所需要的东西。在are后是一个表语从句。结合句意可知，表示“所需要的东西”，从句中缺少takes的宾语，故表语从句用what引导。
5．答案与解析：or→and　work hard与put all my time and energy之间是并列关系，故把or改成and。
6．答案与解析：that→what　作master的宾语，应为宾语从句。从句中缺少learned的宾语。结合句意可知，应用what引导宾语从句。
7．答案与解析：how→whether　结合句意可知，表示“是否它们会适应新环境”，应把how改成whether。因为后边有or not，故不用if。
8．答案与解析：because→that　The reason why...is that...为固定句型，故把because改为that。
9．答案与解析：that→when　我学校生活中最光辉的时刻之一是当我被授予市长奖时。结合句意可知，应用when引导表语从句。
10．答案与解析：whether→that　吃均衡的早餐的优势之一是，它可以让你保持一整天的精力充沛。从句中不缺少句子成分，用that引导表语从句。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐不仅对人有影响，而且对植物也有很大的影响。
1．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are stories about plants shedding tears. Although scientists do not support these as facts, these myths have led them to take up various experiments on plants.”可知，激发科学家们对植物进行实验的是人们对于音乐对植物的影响的争议。故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是植物对于声能的反应，并且声能对于植物的生长有好处，也就是音乐对植物有好的影响。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，丹·卡尔森花费了近十五年的时间研制出了名为“Sonic Bloom”的叶面喷剂，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“His findings have proved to be beneficial for countless farmers and have made contributions to—according to the Guinness Book of World Records—the birth of the largest indoor plant on record.”可知，紫色西番莲是作为世界上最大的室内植物而被载入《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》的。故选B项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。非政府组织GAIA通过在菲律宾的调查，发现菲律宾一年要使用将近600亿个塑料袋。环保人士给政府及企业施压，要求控制一次性塑料的使用。同时也希望能制定一系列关于使用一次性塑料的规范及条例，尽可能减少塑料污染。
5．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的is part of an effort to collect data on plastic consumption as environmentalists push for government action to reduce plastic waste可知，该非政府组织进行这项研究是为了推动政府采取措施，以减少塑料废弃物。故D项正确。
6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的small plastic packets often lined with aluminium or containing other materials that make them nonrecyclable可知，这种小塑料袋中含有铝或其他物质，所以才不能被回收。故A项正确。
7．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，菲律宾的咖啡、洗发水等物品都是以小袋的形式进行售卖的，对消费者而言较为实惠。由此推断，菲律宾的商品很少使用大容器。故B项正确。
8．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的rules requiring companies to redesign products and packaging to minimize plastic waste可知，公司可以减少在产品设计过程中和包装过程中对塑料的使用，从而减少塑料废弃物。故D项正确。
Ⅲ.书面表达
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Glad to receive your letter and thank you for the concern about my study in Senior Three. Everything is going well with me. Busy as we're doing many exercises to get prepared for the College Entrance Exams, I will do some running after the evening classes.
As for my learning goal, I dream of getting into Beijing University to study archaeology. However, I am weak in chemistry and physics. What's worse, I go to bed very late every evening and find it extremely difficult to get up early in the morning, which my teachers and my parents are greatly worried about. Can you offer me some advice?
Best wishes！Yours truly，
Li Hua