2022届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：阅读理解词义猜测课件（共18张）

这是一份2022届高考英语二轮复习阅读技巧课件：阅读理解词义猜测课件（共18张），共18页。PPT课件主要包含了常见词义猜测题型，非烟民，发错音等内容，欢迎下载使用。

The underlined wrd “ … ” refers t (means / stands fr) .Which f the fllwing wrds can take the place f / be replaced by the wrd “ … ”?What is the meaning f “ … ” as the wrds are used in the text?Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t the wrd “ … ”?
考查方向：　１、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；　２、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力；　３、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；　４、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；　５、对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力；　６、通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。
1. Definitin 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
定义常见词汇及短语：be called, be knwn, be defined as, cnstitute, refer t 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。
解释常见词汇及短语：r, that is t say, in ther wrds, t put it anther way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。
2. Cntrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but, yet, while、hwever, therwise n the ther hand, n the cntrary, in cntrast, in spite f , instead等。
She is usually prmpt fr all her classes, but tday she arrived in the middle f her first class.
A. n time B. late C. slwly D. quickly
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The jb is s large, in fact, that the gvernment may nt be able t save sme f the rivers and lakes which have been plluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
One wh is destitute has a great need fr fd and clthing.
She did nt hear what yu said because she was cmpletely engrssed in her reading.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
(cncentrate/fcus her attentin n)
因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, because, fr, due t, wing t, fr the reasn that, result frm, s,therefre, thus, cnsequently, result in等。
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有fr instance, fr example, such as, like等 。
Tday yung cuples ften spend lts f their mney n appliances, fr instance, washing machines, refrigeratrs and clr televisins.
6. Wrd Frmatin 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了;另外还有合成与转化。
常见的前缀和后缀如：super- (超) mini- (迷你的, 微小的)micr-（微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）nn-（不，非） -able（能…的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)
superman micrwave(超人)nnnatural misprnuce(非自然的) antiageing nnsmker(抗衰老的) shewlf sleep-walk(母狼)
Can yu guess the right meanings?
Eg. I’m ging t buy a micrbus.
micr+bus 微型公共汽车
Lins are pprtunists. They prefer t eat withut having t d t much wrk. … If anther animal has made a kill, they will drive it ff and take the kill fr themselves.By describing lins as “pprtunist” , the authr means t say that lins____.  A. are cruel animals       B. are clever animals  C. like t take advantage f ther animals     D. like t take every chance t eat
7. Cntext 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。
8. Cmmn sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。
When a dctr perfrms an peratin n a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic t make himuncnscius，because he des nt want his patient t feel pain r t knw what is happening t him.