高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language精练

十二　Unit 4　Using Language

Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词

1. When you think of a “life without limits” you have a tendency (趋势, 倾向)to think that you can do anything.

2. Even quite small aircraft occupy (占用)a lot of space.

3. We can perceive (察觉) his sorrow by the looks on his face.

4. At what age are children able to distinguish(分辨) between right and wrong?

5. He is embarrassed (困窘)because he made a mistake.

6. Sorry to bother (打扰)you,  but there’s a call for you on line two.

7. Try to distract (分心) yourself by playing mind games,  choosing new running routes,  or running with other people.

8. We can thoroughly recommend the firm you inquire (询问)about.

9. Liz adjusted (调整)her mirror and then edged the car out of its parking space.

10. Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety(焦虑).

Ⅱ. 用适当的介、副词填空

1. I leave junior with Mom when I’m at work.

2. The government called on the workers to oppose waste.

3. You can adjust the belt to the size you want.

4. I think I’ll ask my hairdresser to straighten up the ends of my hair.

5. In other words,  China is now rich enough to do something about its pollution.

6. Someone allergic to milk is likely to react to cheese.

7. There was a long quiet time. She stared out of the window,  taking all this in.

8. Never give up your hobbies while at the same time,  don’t forget about your study.

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1. I’ve never really understood what makes her tick.  

我从未真正弄懂她为什么这么做。(make sb.  tick)

2. Not all bamboo grows tall.  

并非所有的竹子都会长得高。

3. Her eyes searched his face as though/if looking for some clues.  

她的眼睛探究着他的脸好像在寻找一些线索。

4. We need a person with a knowledge of European market.  

我们需要一个熟悉欧洲市场的人。

5. Whatever reasons he gives,  they can only be excuses.  

无论他给出什么理由, 都只能是借口。

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

(2021·泰安高二检测)

　　Non-verbal communication is a broad term used to describe any method of conveying information without words. Whether intentional,  based on societal cues (提示),  or completely unconscious,  common forms of non-verbal communication include body language and facial cues,  fashion and personal clothing,  hand gestures,  as well as graphical signs and design.

　　It is important to note that non-verbal communication is really about a lack of words,  rather than a lack of speech sounds. That means writing would be considered verbal communication while sounds like grunts (嘟哝) would not.

　　Non-verbal communication can be broadly divided into relatively universal forms and culturally dependent forms. Many facial expressions,  for example,  are relatively universal,  with most cultures able to identify expressions of fear,  joy,  or anger. On the other hand,  nonverbal cues like bowing,  shaking hands,  or flashing a peace sign are culturally characteristic,  and therefore have little meaning outside of cultures that understand them.

　　Fashion is a form of non-verbal communication,  and in many modern cultures is a hugely important way in which people telegraph things about themselves.

　　Gestures also act as a form of non-verbal communication. A wide range of hand gestures can be found in most cultures,  and in the west there are some almost universal gestures,  such as a wave goodbye,  a thumbs-up to show everything is okay,  or hand outspread to signify offerings.

　　Body language is one of the most studied forms of non-verbal communication,  and deals with how the body rests,  how it is situated in relation to other bodies,  and the special distance between bodies. For example,  turning towards a person when seated and speaking to them is a non-verbal cue showing interest,  while turning away shows a lack of interest. Tipping your head slightly is a form of non-verbal communication to show curiosity or express that you are listening closely or what they are saying,  while constantly looking away would show a lack of attention.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了非语言交际是一个广义的术语, 用来描述不用语言来传达信息的任何方式。非语言交际可大致分为相对普遍的形式和文化相关的形式, 其中时尚、手势是非语言交流的一种形式, 而肢体语言是被研究得最多的非语言交流形式之一。

1. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text?

A. To explain what non-verbal communication is.

B. To introduce some universal body languages.

C. To compare non-verbal cues and verbal ones.

D. To discuss the cultural shock of communication.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知, 作者写这篇文章的目的是解释什么是非语言交际。

2. According to the author,  the meaning of ______differs across cultures.  

A. smiling　　　　　　B. grunting

C. bowing     D. screaming

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知, 鞠躬在不同文化中含义是不同的。

3. What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?

A. Body language is the most frequently studied by scientists.

B. Body language relies on body movements to convey messages.

C. Body language can be used to express your different meanings.

D. Body language varies very slightly from one country to another.

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句以及本段主要内容可知, 作者举出一些例子来说明肢体语言依靠肢体动作来传递信息。

B

In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor at a high school camp. On the first day, when we were dancing and playing games, I noticed a boy under the tree who was small and thin. His shyness made him appear weak. I walked towards him, introduced myself and invited him to join in the activities and meet some new people. He quietly replied, “No, I really don’t want to do this. ” I could understand that he was in a new world but I knew it wouldn’t be right to force him, either. Actually, the boy didn’t need a close talk but a friend.

At lunch the next day, I was leading camp songs when I saw the boy under the tree sitting alone. I tried again with the same invitation, but he refused once again. That evening I was told the boy’s name was Tommy. Then I asked the campers to pay special attention to the boy and spend time with him when they could.

The days went by and the time came when we had to leave. We held a big, warm party to celebrate the closing of the camp. All the campers shared their wonderful moments. To my surprise,  I found the boy dancing joyfully with two girls under the tree. I couldn’t believe it was the same person.

In October of my second year, I received a phone call from Tommy’s mother. She told me that Tommy was hit by a car and killed. I offered my deep sadness. The mother said, “Tommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference for Tommy during his last months. ”

At that moment, I realized how easy it was to give a bit of yourself every day. You may never know how much each gesture may mean to someone else. I hope that everyone can pay attention to their own “boy under the tree”.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在大一暑假里到一个夏令营做老师, 遇见了一个害羞的男孩Tommy, 他多次邀请他参加活动, 夏令营结束以后Tommy改变了很多, 结交了很多新朋友。由此作者认为每个人都要注意身边的人, 也许我们无意的一个行为会对别人有很大的影响。

4. Before the writer came to the high school summer camp, he was a (n) ______.  

A. instructor　 B. camper　 C. student　 D. reporter

【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第一句“In the summer between my first year and second year in college, I was invited to be an instructor at a high school camp. ”可知, 他是在大一和大二之间的暑假之中被邀请做夏令营的老师的, 实际上那时他还是一个大学生。

5. How many times did the writer invite the boy to join in the activities?

A. Once.     B. Twice.

C. Three times.   D. Many times.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段“I walked towards him, introduced myself and invited him to join in the activities and meet some new people. He quietly replied, ‘No, I really don’t want to do this. ’”和第二段“I tried again with the same invitation, but he refused once again. ”可知, 作者邀请了他两次。

6. Which is the correct order about the story?

①The boy danced joyfully with two girls.

②The boy went back to school and made new friends.

③The boy refused to join in the activities.

④The boy’s mother made a phone call to the writer.

A. ①②③④   B. ②③①④

C. ③①②④   D. ④③②①

【解析】选C。逻辑顺序题。根据文章可知开始的时候男孩拒绝参加活动, 在夏令营结束的时候他非常高兴地和另外两个女孩一起跳舞, 回到学校以后改变了很多交了新朋友, 最后不幸出了事故, 他的母亲给作者打了电话。故选C。

7. What’s the attitude of Tommy’s mother to the writer?

A. Thankful.    B. Helpful.

C. Faithful.    D. Harmful.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段“The mother said, ‘Tommy mentioned you so many times. I want you to know that he went back to school and made new friends with confidence. You made a difference for Tommy during his last months. ’”可知, 作者对Tommy有很大的影响, 夏令营结束回到学校以后, Tommy改变了很多, 与之前相比有很大的改变。由此可知Tommy的母亲对作者十分感激。

C

(2021·锦州高二检测)

　　Statistics show that most toddlers (刚学走路的小孩) learn how to say about 20 words by 18 months. Talking is easy. If you ask anyone,  none will remember how they started doing it,  it just comes naturally.

　　But what might not flow as smoothly as words,  is body language. It’s a whole different deal when you’re using your hands,  eyes or head instead of your tongue. And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world.

　　I find it shockingly amazing how just a small finger gesture could mean one thing in the east and completely opposite in the west. For instance,  in Japan bowing is the most common greeting. It shows respect and Japanese pay a lot of attention to the details like the timing,  posture and movement. A bow in Japan represents sincerity,  respect and graciousness. While in New Zealand Maori,  the pressing of noses and foreheads is the traditional greeting. They call it “hongi”,  which is regarded as the breath of life.

　　For most of us,  nodding our head up and down often means agreement,  but not for the Bulgarians or Greeks. In both cultures,  nodding one’s head up and down actually means“no”. The American goodbye wave could actually be interpreted as a “no” in many parts of Europe and Latin America. And the Italian goodbye wave would be understood in America as a “come here” and the American “come here” gesture would actually be seen as an insult (侮辱) in most of Asia.

　　So before you travel to explore a different culture,  make sure you’re aware of alternate meanings for body language. We live in a world with many different cultures,  so don’t forget how differently one hand gesture can be interpreted!

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了肢体语言在不同文化中的差异, 提醒读者去国外的时候注意这种差异。

8. What makes body language misunderstood often?

A. Its wide uses.

B. Its smooth flowing.

C. Its difficulties in understanding.

D. The background of different cultures.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知, 肢体语言复杂的原因在于它在世界各地是存在差异的; 再结合第三段第一句等内容可知, 这种差异是由文化背景的不同造成的, 如东西方的文化差异。

9. What does the pressing of noses and foreheads mean in New Zealand?

A. Breath. 　　　　  B. Respect.

C. Tradition.     D. Greeting.

【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“While in New Zealand Maori,  the pressing of noses and foreheads is the traditional greeting. ”可知, 在新西兰, 触碰鼻子和额头代表的是欢迎。

10. In which country does nodding mean “no”?

A. America.     B. Greece.

C. New Zealand.    D. Japan.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句“For most of us,  nodding our head up and down often means agreement, . . . nodding one’s head up and down actually means‘no’. ”可知, 在保加利亚和希腊, 点头表达的是“不”的意思。

11. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. The Origin of Body Language

B. The Limitation of Culture

C. Body Language Around the World

D. The Difference of Culture Around the World

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第二段“And what makes it even more complicated is the fact that body language differs all around the world. ”是全文的主旨句; 纵观全文内容可知, 本文主要围绕肢体语言在不同国家和地区的差异进行说明。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“世界各地的肢体语言”。

Ⅱ. 语法填空

　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　No body language can be more attractive than smiling. Not only can a beautiful smile make us happy,  1. __________ it enables others to feel 2. __________ (delight). 3. __________ a smile is so powerful that it gives people 4. __________ (suffer) from disasters great courage.  

　　A little boy 5. __________(name) Lang Zheng,  for instance,  impressed and encouraged a great many people 6. __________a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan. Right after he 7. __________(rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins,  he saluted and smiled to them. His smile was like sunshine which warmed people who were in 8. __________(sad).  

　　It is no exaggeration to say that without smile our life 9. __________ (be ) colorless and difficult. 10. __________ is suggested that we smile as much as possible.  

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍微笑给予遭受灾难的人们巨大的勇气, 我们应该尽可能多地微笑。

1. 【解析】but。考查连词。not only. . .  but(also). . . 不仅……而且……, 固定结构。

2. 【解析】delighted。考查形容词。分析句子可知, feel为系动词, 后面需使用形容词, delight是动词, 需转变为形容词delighted。

3. 【解析】Sometimes。考查副词。句意: 有时候微笑是如此强大以至于它能给予遭受灾难的人们巨大的勇气。分析句子可知, 空格为状语成分,  需填一个副词作状语, 由句意可知, “有时候”表示时间, 且空处在句首, 需填Sometimes。

4. 【解析】suffering。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 动词suffer在句中作定语, 修饰people, 和people之间是主动关系, 需使用现在分词suffering。

5. 【解析】named。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 动词name在句中作定语, 修饰a little boy, 和a little boy之间是被动关系, 需使用过去分词named。

6. 【解析】when。考查状语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知, “. . . a serious earthquake happened in Wen Chuan(一场严重的地震在汶川发生)”在句中作状语, 是对主句“A little boy named Lang Zheng,  for instance,  impressed and encouraged a great many people(一个叫郎铮的小男孩给很多人留下深刻印象, 并且鼓舞着很多人)”发生的时间的说明, 需使用时间状语从句引导词when, 且从句的动词为非延续性动词。

7. 【解析】was rescued。考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, 动词rescue在句中作谓语; 由后半部分主句谓语动词saluted和smiled可知, 动词rescue需使用一般过去时, 动词rescue和主语he之间是被动关系。故填was rescued。

8. 【解析】sadness。考查名词。分析句子可知, 介词in后需使用名词, 表示处于某种状态, sad是形容词, 故需转换为名词sadness。

9. 【解析】would be。考查虚拟语气。句意: 毫不夸张地说没有微笑我们的生活会是苍白并且困难的。分析句子可知, that之后的句子为虚拟语气, 有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件状语从句形式出现, 而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在, 常用的词语有without, 本句表示与现在事实相反的假设, 所以主句为would do。

10. 【解析】It。考查代词。It is suggested that. . . 句型中, it是形式主语, 代替that引导的主语从句。

Ⅲ. 应用文写作

(2021·石家庄高二检测)

　　英语课上, 你学习了有关“肢体语言”主题语境下各国的文化差异。请用英语写一篇短文, 介绍一下。要点如下:

1. 什么是肢体语言?

2. 肢体语言有什么作用?

3. 使用肢体语言应注意的问题。

注意: 1. 词数80个左右;

2. 短文开头已给出, 不计入总词数。

Body Language

　　Body language is used by people for sending messages to one another. ______  

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Body Language

　　Body language is used by people for sending messages to one another.  It’s an important form of non-verbal language,  including facial expressions,  gestures,  eye contact,  etc.

　　Body language provides us with hidden signals in communication. For example,  we can tell that one is in a rush when he constantly checks his watch in talking. Thus,  wrapping up the conversation soon is a wise choice. Proper use of body language can break the ice and get the hints in conversation but we also need to be careful when using body language,  as it goes hand in hand with cultural differences.

　　Convenient and useful as it may sound,  remember,  nodding your head may not mean yes in some cultures.