2022届上海市吴淞中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届上海市吴淞中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共22页。试卷主要包含了 affecting， when 5， where 7， extended， anything， culd， I 14， C 18等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022届上海市吴淞中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题
II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
These days it seems that everywhere you turn you hear stories about how people are psychologically falling apart. On an individual level, I feet it. My late thirties brought about the worst clinical depression I have ever faced.
But there is a real crisis ____1____ (affect) both men and women in our society — a cultural crisis. We inhabit a cultural landscape that ____2____ (strip) of meaningful life markers. Of course many rites of passage (人生重大仪式) endure to this day in the modern world — Bar/Bat Mitzvahs, Quinceaneras, Seijin-no-hi, to name but a few. Some might argue that we just need to embrace the ones we have.
But that's not going to work. For one, our world bears very little resemblance to the world ____3____ gave rise to these traditional rites. Besides, today we live on average much longer lives than we did ____4____ these traditions were first established. We're not the same people as we were when we developed these tires. It only makes sense, therefore, for us ____5____ (develop) new ones.
This is ____6____ my essay starts to run by. I don't know how to do that. Does one crowd-source a ceremony? Does one outsource it to an unusually creative event planning firm — possibly with the help of a philosopher, or a science fiction author?
In an inspiring 2017 TEDx lecture, tech CEO Ron Fritz tells the story of ____7____ he and his family created entirely new "coming-of-age" rituals for their own children. It involves all the traditional components: involvement of____8____ (extend) family and friends, a physical endurance part, a learning-from-an-elder part, and solitary contemplation, I felt immediately jealous, as I had never had ____9____ like that during my own life. To my mind, this is one of the great blind spots in our modern world. If we're lucky we get some memorable birthday parties, a fun high school graduation, and a not too bad wedding. And after that we're on our own.
This year I turned 42. According to Douglas Adams, author of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the number 42 is the answer to life, the universe and everything. Why not make that our culture's new age threshold (开端) for a middle-aged rite of passage?
We have every reason to be happy about moving into our forties. We live longer and healthier lives than any of our ancestors ______10______ have dreamed of, and have access to opportunities and information previously unimaginable. Surely we can still be creative in how we live and celebrate our lives.
【答案】1. affecting
2. is stripped##is being stripped
3 that##which
4. when 5. to develop
6. where 7. how
8. extended
9. anything
10. could
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了现在很多人会遭受精神崩溃，忧郁症，作者呼吁人们要学会如何开心的生活着。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但在我们的社会中，也有一场影响着男男女女的真正的危机在——一场文化危机。此处修饰crisis，affect与 crisis是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作后置定语。故填affecting。
【2题详解】
考查时态及语态。句意：我们生活在一个被剥夺了有意义的生活标志的文化景观中。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词cultural landscape，与strip是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，可以使用一般现在时的被动语态，也可以使用现在进行时的被动语态，强调正在被剥夺。故填is stripped或is being stripped。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：但这是行不通的。首先，我们的世界与产生这些传统仪式的世界几乎没有什么相似之处。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为the world，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
【4题详解】
考查时间状语从句。句意：此外，今天我们的平均寿命比这些传统最初建立时要长得多。根据语境可知，此处是时间状语，指“这些传统最初建立的时候”，应用when引导。故填when。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，只有我们发展新仪式才有意义。固定句型It makes sense for sb to do sth.“某人做……是有意义的”。故填to develop。
【6题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这就是我的文章开始着笔进行的地方。此处引导表语从句，此处代指一个抽象的地点，应用where引导。故填where。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：在2017年TEDx的一场鼓舞人心的演讲中，科技公司首席执行官Ron Fritz讲述了他和他的家人是如何为自己的孩子创造全新的“成年”仪式的故事。此处为介词of后的宾语从句，根据后文“It involves all the traditional components”可知，Ron Fritz讲述了他和他的家人是如何为自己的孩子创造全新的“成年”仪式的故事，应用how引导。故填how。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它涉及到所有传统的组成部分：大家庭和朋友的参与，身体耐力的部分，从长者那里学习的部分，以及孤独的沉思，我立刻感到嫉妒，因为在我自己的生活中从未经历过任何这样的事情。此处修饰名词family，两者为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词。故填extended。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：因为在我自己的生活中从未经历过任何这样的事情。此处充当动词had的宾语，且为否定含义，应用anything，指“任何这样的事情”。故填anything。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：我们寿命比我们祖先梦想的更长、更健康，可以获得以前无法想象的机会和信息。根据句意可知，此处表示“能够”，且讲述的是“我们祖先的”，应用情态动词could。故填could。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. foresight B. basic C. critical D. inconvenient E. inevitably F. minimum
G. rate H. financing I. staffed J. typically K. prepared
Cities around the world are racing to declare themselves "smart". Smart cities make two fundamental promises: lots of data and automated decision-making based on that data. The ultimate smart city will require lots of existing and to-be-invented technologies, from sensors to artificial intelligence. For many, this promises a safer and more efficient city; for others, it raises questions about privacy and algorithmic （算法的）bias.
However, there is a more ____11____ concern when it comes to smart cities: They will be very complex to manage, with all sorts of unpredictable vulnerabilities.
As we know all too well from our personal lives, technology ages rapidly, with glitches（小故障）becoming increasingly common only a couple of years into its life. We accept regular disruptions in the internet and cellphone functions as a fact of life.
But would we accept the same ____12____ of disruption in, say, our water and power services? City infrastructure is designed to last decades or centuries and must always work.
Managing all the sensors and data will require a municipal administration ____13____ by tech experts. Since current average salaries for tech workers are ____14____ higher than for public employees, such an administration is likely to be expensive. Besides, new technology in 2020 will be outdated before 2025. If we widely use smart tech in cities, we need to be ____15____ to replace it every few years, with the associated disruption and cost. But who will assume those costs?
Cities must plan for the inevitable moments when the sensors fail to matter how often we maintain them. Failures in engineered systems tend to come at the most ____16____ times, like when a storm drops high levels of water and, at the same time, knocks out the electricity to a smart water management system.
The most ____17____ question, however, is whether having a smart city will make us better at solving urban problems. Data and algorithms alone don't add very much on their own. No matter how much data a city has, addressing urban challenges will still require stable long-term ____18____, good management and effective personnel. If smart data identifies a road that needs paving, it still needs people to show up with tools.
As an infrastructure engineer, I seek the simplest effective solution to a problem with a(n) ____19____ of negative consequences. For many of our urban challenges, we don't always need new technologies or new ideas; we need the _____20_____ and courage to use the best of the old ideas.
【答案】11. B 12. G
13. I 14. J
15. K 16. D
17. C 18. H
19. F 20. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了智能城市所面对的一些不可预测的问题。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，当谈到智能城市时，还有一个更基本的担忧:它们将非常复杂，有各种不可预测的脆弱性。分析句子可知，空处填形容词修饰名词。再根据“They will be very complex to manage, with all sorts of unpredictable vulnerabilities.”可知，空处填basic“基本的”作定语。故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：但我们会接受同样的中断率吗，比如说，我们的水和电力服务？accept后接名词作宾语，rate“比率”符合句意。故选G项。
【13题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：管理所有传感器和数据将需要一个由技术专家组成的市政管理机构。分析句子可知，空处填非谓语动词，根据“by tech experts.”可知，staff“任职于”符合句意。故选I项。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：由于目前科技工作者的平均工资通常高于公共部门雇员，这样的管理可能会很昂贵。分析句子可知，空处填副词修饰形容词，根据下文“such an administration is likely to be expensive.”可知，typically“通常”符合句意。故选J项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果我们在城市中广泛使用智能技术，我们需要准备好每隔几年就替换它，带来相关的破坏和成本。分析句子可知，空处填形容词作表语，根据上文“if we widely use smart tech in cities”可知，prepared“准备好的”符合句意。故选K项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：工程系统的故障往往出现在最不方便的时候，比如当暴风雨降水量大时，同时，智能水管理系统的电力中断时。分析句子可知，空处填形容词作定语，根据下文“when a storm drops high levels of water and, at the same time, knocks out the electricity to a smart water management system.”可知，inconvenient“不方便的”符合句意。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，最关键的问题是，拥有一个智慧城市是否会让我们更好地解决城市问题。分析句子可知，空处填形容词作定语，critical“关键的”符合句意。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：无论一个城市有多少数据，应对城市挑战仍然需要稳定的长期融资、良好的管理和有效的人才。分析句子可知，形容词修饰名词，financing“融资”符合句意。故选H项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：作为一名基础设施工程师，我寻求最简单有效的解决方案，以将负面影响降到最低。分析句子可知，with a后接名词, 再根据“I seek the simplest effective solution to a problem”可知，minimum“最小值，最低限度”符合句意。故选F项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们需要先见之明和勇气来运用旧思想的精华。need后接名词作宾语，foresight“先见之明”符合句意。故选A项。
III. Reading Comprehensions Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Is the west falling out of love with the car? For environmentalists it seems a(n) ____21____ dream, but it is happening. While those with young families may carry on using four wheels, a combination of our ageing societies and a new attitude among the young seems to be ____22____ our 20th-century car addiction. Somewhere along the road, we reached the high point of the car and are now moving down the other side.
That ____23____ takes several forms. Sales of new cars have almost halved in the US, down from nearly 11 million in 1985 to about 5.5 million now. We shouldn't ____24____ that to a great degree, though. Cars last longer these days, and sales go up and down with the economy. But we have hit peak car ownership, too. And, more to the point, peak per-capita travel (人均出行).
The phenomenon was first ____25____ in The Road ... Less Traveled, a 2008 report by the Brookings Institution in Washington DC, but had been going on largely unnoticed for years. Japan reached it in the 1990s. They talk there of "demotorisation". The west had its ____26____ point in 2004. That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres and average person travelled in a car that ____27____ today.
What could be driving us ____28____? Fuel costs and rising insurance premiums (保险费) may be a factor. And urban congestion, combined with an absence of parking places and congestion charging, makes an increasing number of us look on the car as a(n) ____29____ way to move around in cities where there are public transport alternatives.
Demographics (人口统计数据) are another possible _____30_____. It is surely no _____31_____ that "peak car" happened first in Japan, which has the world's oldest population. Pensioners do not drive to work, and many don't drive at all. There is also the rise of "virtual commuters" who work from home through the Internet.
Besides these new _____32_____ pattern, leisure lifestyle are also changing. The biggest _____33_____ in car use in the US is among people under 35. The number of American 17-year-olds with a drivers' licence has fallen from about three-quarters to about half since 1998. Twenty-somethings have recently gone from driving more than the average to driving less.
Social scientists detect a new "culture of urbanisms". The stylish way to live these days is in inner-city apartments, not the _____34_____. Richard Florida, an urban studies theorist at the University of Toronto in Canada, points out that the young shop online, telecommute, live in walk-able city neighborhoods near public transport and rely more on social media and less on fact-to-face visiting. Given those changes, they can think of better ways to spend their money than buying a(n) _____35_____.
21. A. amazing B. impossible C. emerging D. realistic
22. A. admitting B. discovering C. causing D. breaking
23. A. side B. peak C. love D. road
24. A. give rise to B. lose interest in C. take notice of D. keep pace with
25. A. recognized B. underestimated C. neglected D. overrated
26. A. missed B. common C. tipping D. focal
27. A. suffers B. occurs C. pauses D. continues
28. A. into a state B. onto the street C. off the road D. off the phenomenon
29. A. dumb B. individual C. wise D. efficient
30. A. tendency B. explanation C. condition D. alternative
31. A. obstacle B. accident C. defense D. evidence
32. A. thought B. behaviour C. progression D. employment
33. A. fall B. growth C. difference D. problem
34. A. downtown B. houses C. suburbs D. mansion
35. A. car B. computer C. apartment D. cellphone
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了现代社会的一种趋势，由于城市交通拥堵，缺少停车位和交通拥堵收费以及新的就业模式，休闲生活方式的转变，人们对汽车的热情正在下降。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对环保主义者来说，这似乎是一个不可能实现的梦想，但它正在发生。A.amazing令人惊异的；B.impossible不可能的；Cemerging新兴的；发展初期的；D.realistic现实的；实事求是的。根据前文“Is the west falling out of love with the car?”及后文“but it is happening”可知，环保主义者认为西方人对汽车热情的下降是不可能发生的。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然那些有年轻家庭的人可以继续使用四个轮子，但老龄化社会和年轻人的新态度似乎正在打破我们20世纪对汽车的痴迷。A.admitting承认；B.discovering发现；C.causing造成；促使；D.breaking弄破；损坏。根据下文“Somewhere along the road, we reached the high point of the car and are now moving down the other side.”可知，人们的交通出行方式已经发生转变，所以此处指年轻人的观念已经打破了我们对汽车的痴迷。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个巅峰有好几种形式。A.side方面；侧面；B.peak顶峰；高峰；C.love爱；D.road路。根据下文“we have hit peak car ownership, too. And, more to the point, peak per-capita travel”可知，汽车的拥有量达到了巅峰期，同时人们出行的也达到了高峰期。可知这种高峰期以多种形式呈现。故选B。
24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过我们不应该太在意这个。现在汽车的寿命更长了，销量也随着经济的增长而上下波动。A.give rise to使发生；引起；B.lose interest in失去兴趣；C.take notice of注意到；D.keep pace with跟上；与……起步并进。根据前文“Sales of new cars have almost halved in the US, down from nearly 11 million in 1985 to about 5.5 million now.”及后文“ to a great degree, though”可知，此处指我们对这种情形不用在意。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2008年华盛顿布鲁金斯学会的一份报告《人迹罕至》中首次发现了这一现象，但多年来，这一现象在很大程度上一直没有引起注意。日本在上世纪90年代达到这个水平。A.recognized认出；B.underestimated理解；C.neglected忽视；D.overrated对……评价过高；高估。根据下文“but had been going on largely unnoticed for years. Japan reached it in the 1990s. ”，unnoticed一词指出多年来人们没有注意这种现象，所以此处指这种现象首次被报告《人迹罕至》发现。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：西方在2004年达到了临界点。A.missed错过的；B.common普通的；C.tipping倾翻的；倾卸的；D.focal中心的；焦点的。根据下文“That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres and average person travelled in a car”可知，2004年之前公路里程和人们用车旅行的数量是增加的，而之后就开始下降。所以这一年就是一个临界点。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，美国，英国，德国，法国，澳大利亚和瑞典的行驶公里数和人均驾驶汽车旅行的数量都开始下降，这种情形延续至今。A.suffers忍受；遭受；B.occurs发生；C.pauses暂停；中止；D.continues继续。根据本句中“saw the start of a decline in the number of”可知，这一年是数量下降的开始，所以之后下降的过程一直在继续，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：是什么让我们远离了公路？A.into a state进入状态；B.onto the street在街道上；C.off the road远离道路；D.off the phenomenon并非这种现象。根据前文“all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres and average person travelled in a car ”可知，公路车辆的行驶公里数和人均驾驶汽车旅行的数量都开始下降，说明人们对公路的使用在下降，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市交通拥堵，再加上缺少停车位和交通拥堵收费，使得越来越多的人认为，在有公共交通工具可供选择的城市里，汽车是一种愚蠢的出行方式。A.dumb愚钝的；愚蠢的；B.individual个人的；独特的；与众不同的；C.wise聪明的；明智的；D.efficient有效的。根据下文“way to move around in cities where there are public transport alternatives.”可知，在公共交通可供选择的城市里，面对交通拥堵，缺少停车位和交通拥堵收费的情形，开车时被认为是愚蠢的，傻的行为。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：人口统计学是另一个可能的解释。A.tendency趋势；倾向；B.explanation解释；C.condition情况；D.alternative可供选择的事物。根据前文“Fuel costs and rising insurance premiums (保险费) may be a factor. ”可知此处指人口统计学是另外一个促使我们远离公路的另一个原因，即这个问题的另一种解释。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：日本是世界上人口老龄化最严重的国家，所以“峰值车”首先出现在日本绝非偶然。A.obstacle障碍；干扰；B.accident意外；C.defense防御；防卫；D.evidence证据。根据下文“Pensioners do not drive to work, and many don't drive at all.”可知，领养老金的人们不开车上班，许多人根本就不会开，使得（公路使用）的峰值直接下降，所以这种现象的出现是必然的，即并非是偶然的。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了这些新的就业模式，休闲生活方式也在发生变化。A.thought 想法；B. behaviour行为；C.progression前进；进程；D.employment工作；职业。根据前文“There is also the rise of "virtual commuters" who work from home through the Internet”可知，人们传统的工作的方式发生了转变，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国汽车使用量下降最多的是35岁以下的人群。A.fall跌落；瀑布；B.growth增长；C.difference差异；D.problem问题。根据前文“That year the US, UK, Germany, France, Australia and Sweden all saw the start of a decline in the number of kilometres and average person travelled in a car ”可知，此处指美国汽车使用量的下降。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：时髦的生活方式是住在市中心的公寓里，而不是郊区。A.downtown市中心；B.houses房子；C.suburbs郊区；边缘；D.mansion大厦；大楼。根据前文“The stylish way to live these days is in inner-city apartments”比较可知，时尚的生活方式是在市中心的公寓不是在郊区。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到这些变化，他们可以想出比买车更好的花钱方式。A.car汽车；B.computer电脑；C.apartment公寓；D.cellphone手机。根据前文“The biggest ___13___in car use in the US is among people under 35. =”可知，汽车的使用量在下降，所以结合更多的情况考虑，此处指人们想到比卖车更好的花钱的方式。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
By the middle of the second day I know I'm in trouble. In front of me the land stretches up and away towards a distant hill, and into the space, between that hill and me, is crowded one of the most vivid concentrations of color I have ever seen. It starts with the trees. The wet season is the only a few weeks off and almost as if they can smell the coming rains, they have put out their leaves. They are no ordinary green and the dry grasses beneath them are shining with golds, browns, and reds. I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether. I've already made one attempt: a series of lines in orange and red, with bluish trees placed across them, which now lies face down in the grass beside me.
I've put it there because the last thing I want right now is for someone else to come along and look at it. A young man called Royale walks up the hill. Royale is a sculptor, and, with several other local men, produces pieces of work in the local stone. Recently, and quite suddenly, this work, and that of several other local co-operatives, has acquired an international reputation. I certainly don't want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.
I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, "what is painting like?" I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants to go with my colors.
When I signed up for this holiday, I was hoping for an experience like the one I had had four years earlier in Wales. That was my first painting holiday, and I love it. Two things made it great. First was the teacher, a man called Robin, who showed me that what is important about drawing and painting is not the finished article but the process of completing it. The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. But it was stupid of me to think that I could reproduce the experience down here, deep in the Southern Hemisphere. Zimbabwe is not a part of me, nor I of it. Trying to draw it for the first time, from a standing start, is like trying to start a conversation in Swahili.
36. What problem does the writer have at the beginning of her holiday?
A. The weather is not good enough for painting.
B. She's brought the wrong materials with her.
C. There are no animals that she can paint.
D. She can't reproduce the exact color.
37. The writer hid her work because ________.
A. she thought it would disappoint Royale. B. she believed Royale painted better
C. it wasn't good enough to sell D. it was only a quick sketch
38. What does the writer mean by "what I am up to" in paragraph 3?
A. What I might do. B. What I am painting.
C. What I will give him. D. What I can teach him.
39. What does the writer say about her previous painting holiday?
A. The landscape was more familiar to her.
B. Her technique had improved much faster.
C. She preferred the teacher she had had then.
D. She had been able to complete a number of paintings.
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了自己在绘画假期期间不能够将色彩像曾经的某次绘画假期时一样顺利的创造出来的一次个人经历。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“I want to recreate this scene with watercolors. Although I can make a try at it with words, trying to paint it in my sketch book is another matter altogether.（我想用水彩画重新创造这个场景。虽然我可以用文字来尝试它，但试图把它画在我的草图本上却完全是另一回事） ”可推测出，作者遇到的问题是不能够重新再现确切的颜色。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“I certainly don't want a man capable of such things looking at my own awful painting. So I put my foot, as casually as I can, on the finished one beside me and we resume the conversation started earlier in the day.（我当然不希望一个能做到这样一点（擅长画画）的人看到我自己可怕的画。所以我尽可能随意地把脚放在旁边完成的画上，然后我们继续当天早些时候开始的对话）”可推测出，作者认为自己的画很糟糕，因此不想让Royale失望。故选A。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据分析第三段“I want to talk to Royale about his life here. He, however, is only interested in what I am up to. To begin with, it seems that he considers me a fellow artist, and for a moment I find myself staring into the depths of embarrassment. But when he asks me, "what is painting like?" I realize that this professional artist has never painted anything in his life before. He just wants to go with my colors.（我想和Royale谈谈他在这里的生活。然而，他只对我在画什么很感兴趣。首先，他似乎认为我同样是一个艺术家，有那么一会儿，我发现自己凝视着尴尬的深渊。但当他问我， “绘画是什么样子的？”我意识到这位专业艺术家以前的一生中从来没有画过任何东西。他只是想聊聊我的颜色）”，通过Royale的问题可以知道他对我现在做的事情感兴趣。由此可知“what I am up to”的意思是“我正在画什么”。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The second element of that week was the place. I grew up in places like that, and I connected with it immediately. （那个星期第二个要素就是那个地方。我在这样的地方长大，我立刻和它有了共鸣）”可知，作者更熟悉之前的绘画假期所在地方的一些风景。故选A。
(B)
Jackson & Brown Ltd
Head Office, Bradford House,
234 Manning-ham Road Bolton BL3 5QS
t: 01204 249241 f: 01204 790061
1 June 2020
Dear Colleague
Re: __60___
I am writing to make you ware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary. During the past few weeks, we have been discussing with your trade union representatives our intention to change the frequency of the payment of your salary from monthly to every four weeks. The reason for this change is to enable us to improve the efficiency of the payroll system and to make it easier for you to understand what you have been paid.
On Thursday 30 August, you will be paid your monthly basic pay up to and including 31 August. The last Thursday in the month is the normal monthly pay day. On 13 September, you will be paid basic pay up to and including 14 September. You will then be paid again 4 weeks later on 11 October, for time up to 12 October. The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed
below:

8
November
31 January
6
December
28 February
3
January 2021
28 March
I understand that the transfer to a four-weekly pay cycle may cause some of you disruption to your monthly pay routines, for example mortgage（按揭）or rent repayments. In recognition of this initial disturbance and to assist you through this time, we are offering a-loan facility for a maximum of three weeks' wages (net pay), for those who may find it difficult to budget for this change. I have enclosed a form detailing this loan. Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer. If you choose to use the loan facility, this will be paid on 13 September.
Of course, should you wish to discuss the contents of this letter, your line manager will have further information. If you still have any concerns or you have a personal query you wish to discuss, then from 13 June until 1 July you can call the following number: 01204 249259.
I hope that this letter clarifies the changes for you and would like to take this opportunity to thank you in advance for your co-operation. Further information to explain how your new payslip will look will be available over the coming months.
Yours sincerely
Tina Grey
Group General Manager, Personnel Services
40. Which of the following best fits the blank labeled with "60" in the paragraph?
A. Notice of pay rise B. Changes to pay cycle
C. Information of pay D. Cancellation of payslips
41. According to the e-mail, which of the following statements is true?
A. The company's financial year ends every March
B. It's not easy to understand the new payment system.
C. The system of 4-weekly payments is thought inefficient.
D. Employees will be paid on the last Thursday of the month.
42. Which of the following statements is true of the loan facility?
A. Employees can apply through the hotline available until 1 July.
B. Everyone can apply for a loan that equals four week's wages.
C. The applicants will receive the loan every month.
D. The deadline for the application is 30 June.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一封电子邮件。邮件主要是关于改变员工支付周期的情况告知。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。根据正文第一段的“I am writing to make you ware of some forthcoming changes to the payment dates for your salary.(我写信是想告诉你，你的工资付款日期即将发生一些变化)”和第三段的“I understand that the transfer to a four-weekly pay cycle may cause some of you disruption to your monthly pay routines, for example mortgage（按揭）or rent repayments.(我明白，转成4周的工资周期可能会扰乱你们中的一些人的每月支付常规，例如抵押贷款或租金偿还)”可知，本邮件的事由是改变支付周期。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The timetable of 4-weekly payments for the remainder of the financial year is listed(列出了本财政年度剩余时间内每4周付款的时间表)”及表格可知，公司的财政年度在每年三月结束。故选A。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“Please ensure you complete and return the form by 30 June if you wish to take advantage of this offer.(如果您希望利用此优惠，请确保您完成并在6月30日前交回表格)”可知，关于贷款安排，申请的截止日期是6月30日。故选D。
(C)
We're happy to report that Roz Savage is back on the water, on the third and final stage of her historic journey across the Pacific from California to Australia. The office worker turned environmental-advocate-rower still has a long way to go, but ever since her first leg — where she had considerable problems getting enough drinking water, and yet, to the astonishment of those who don't know her, waved of anyone going out of their way to assist — we've had surprisingly little doubt that Roz will make it. It's funny, because even after all these miles. Roz tells YachtPals (游艇爱好者) that she still really doesn't enjoy rowing; in fact she virtually feels uncomfortable at the mention of the word.
If you don't know who Roz Savage is, maybe you should. Perhaps you've seen the abandoned drift nets offshore, or remote and beaches covered in garbage, or heard of Pacific Garbage Patch, and thought "why isn't somebody doing something about this?" Well, there are those trying, trying to get others who are so unlucky as to be trapped on dry land to pay attention to the fact that there's a problem out there — beyond the sight of land. One of the most devoted, tireless and effective at getting that message across has been Roz Savage.
After the first leg of her journey (which she devoted to ocean pollution), she met a famous person from the environmental movement, and did her best to make sure the issue of plastic pollution would not go unnoticed. After leg two (devoted to climate change), she was asked to attend some extremely important events — including the most recent Summit on climate change — and not just as a participant, but as a speaker. As it turns out, it seems that Roz has got fans and supporters across a fairly broad political spectrum (with a few notable exceptions). She may have started out preaching to the choir, but now she's got the attention of the whole congregation, and then some.
Roz Savage has an army of loyal fans who call themselves the "Rozlings", and who will likely make sure that the party goes on for some time after her arrival. Much of her travel accommodation involve couch surfing and house-sitting situations arranged by the Rozlings, who seem to be spread around the globe. They seem always eager to help out the energetic and voluntarily homeless English woman, and maybe that's because her message since her first leg. See, Roz doesn't say she's out to save the planet. Rather, she's out to save us -- the planet. As the Roz says (and most scientists agree), the planet will survive just fine in the long run, the question is: In a thousand years, will humans still be here to enjoy it?
43. In the first paragraph, the writer expresses surprise that Roz Savage _________.
A. refused help that was willingly offered
B. gave up a good job to devote herself to rowing
C. claims that she takes little pleasure in her sport
D. seems likely to achieve her goal of rowing the Pacific
44. The writer repeats the word "trying" in the second paragraph in order to _________.
A. imply that Roz has to repeat her message many times
B. suggests how hard people have to work to get others to listen
C. stress that Roz's environmental goals are unlikely to be achieved.
D. emphasize that it will take a long time for everyone to know about the issue.
45. What is the main point that the writer is making in the third paragraph?
A. Roz had changed the focus of her campaigning as her journey progressed.
B. Roz had been surprised that important people are prepared to listen to her.
C. Roz has become increasingly influential as an environmental campaigner
D. Roz has become a more accomplished public speaker.
46. The writer explains that Roz appeals to the Rozlings because of _________.
A. her friendly personality B. her obvious love for the planet.
C. the scientific support for her views D. the human focus of her message
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Roz是如何环保。Roz作为一名环保活动家越来越有影响力，Roz Savage有一支忠诚的粉丝，他们自称为“Rozlings”，Roz对Rozlings有吸引力，因为她的信息是人类的焦点。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Roz tells YachtPals (游艇爱好者) that she still really doesn't enjoy rowing; in fact she virtually feels uncomfortable at the mention of the word.(Roz告诉游艇爱好者，她真地不喜欢划船；事实上，一提到这个词她就感到不舒服)”可知，在第一段中，作者对Roz Savage声称她很少从这项运动中获得乐趣表示惊讶。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“there are those trying, trying to get others who are so unlucky as to be trapped on dry land to pay attention to the fact that there's a problem out there — beyond the sight of land.(有一些人在努力，试图让那些不幸被困在陆地上的人注意到一个事实，那就是在陆地之外还有一个问题)”可知，作者在第二段重复了“尝试”这个词，以表明人们需要多么努力才能让别人倾听。故选B。
【45题详解】
段落大意题。根据第三段中“As it turns out, it seems that Roz has got fans and supporters across a fairly broad political spectrum (with a few notable exceptions). She may have started out preaching to the choir, but now she's got the attention of the whole congregation, and then some.(事实证明，Roz似乎在相当广泛的政治范围内获得了粉丝和支持者(有一些明显的例外)。她可能已经开始向唱诗班说教了，但现在她得到了全体会众的注意，然后还有一些)”可知，作者在第三段中的主要观点是Roz作为一名环保活动家越来越有影响力。故选C。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“They seem always eager to help out the energetic and voluntarily homeless English woman, and maybe that's because her message since her first leg. See, Roz doesn't say she's out to save the planet. Rather, she's out to save us — the planet.(他们似乎总是热心地帮助这位精力充沛、自愿无家可归的英国妇女，也许这是因为她从第一站就开始传递这样的信息。看，罗兹没说她要拯救地球。相反，她是要拯救我们——这个星球)”可知，作者解释说，Roz对Rozlings有吸引力，因为她的信息是人类的焦点。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Do Wild Animals Get PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)?
Every few years, snowshoe hare numbers in northwestern Canada climb to a peak. As hare populations increase, so do those of their predators. Then the hare population falls suddenly and predators start to die off. The cycle is a famous phenomenon among ecologists.
____47____ Hare numbers decrease not just because predators eat too many of them. There's another factor: The long-term stress of living while being surrounded by killers. The trauma（创伤）of living through repeated predator chases triggers lasting changes in brain chemistry. Those changes keep the hares from reproducing at normal levels, even after their predators have died off.
And it's not just snowshoe hares, as ecologists Liana Zanette and Michael Clinchy have shown. Zanette and Clinchy, both at the university of Western Ontario, study the ecology of fear. It combines the psychology of trauma with the behavioral ecology of fear in wild animals. ____48____ The off-springs of frightened song sparrows like those of stressed snowshoe hare, are less likely to survive to adulthood and succeed in reproducing.
These findings add to a growing body of evidence which shows that fearful experiences can have long-lasting effects on wildlife. The work is also part of wider debate over whether PTSD is unique to humans.
Studies of the ecology of fear started in the 1990s. Before then, scientists believed that the impact of a predator on an individual animal was either deadly or fleeting.
____49____ But research shows that fear can change the long-term behaviour and psychology of wild animals.
The reasons to fear are clear. Recent studies have found that up to 25% of harbor porpoises in the southern North Sea have claw and bite marks from gray seals. Almost 100% of manta rays in some African waters bear multiple bite wounds from sharks.
____50____
Some of the most dramatic impacts of trauma have been observed in African elephants. Their populations have declined sharply due to poaching and habitat loss. Today, many surviving elephants have witnessed the cruel killing of their mothers and aunts. This has resulted in orphaned elephants running amok as they grow into adolescence.
A. This fear is beneficial, because it keeps you alive to bred another day.
B. In recent years, however, researchers have come to an unusual conclusion.
C. These survivors may carry memories of terror along with their physical scars.
D. If a zebra escaped the claws of a lion, it would move on and live its life as before.
E. The same pattern has been shown in wild mice and in fish living with high levels of predator threat.
F. They've found that fear of predators can cause other wild animals to bear and raise fewer young, too.
【答案】47. B 48. F 49. D 50. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。野生动物会得PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)吗? 研究表明,恐惧可以改变野生动物的长期行为和心理。幸存者可能会带着对恐怖的记忆，以及它们身体上的伤疤而生存。
【47题详解】
根据上文“As hare populations increase, so do those of their predators. Then the hare population falls suddenly and predators start to die off. The cycle is a famous phenomenon among ecologists.（随着野兔数量的增加,它们的捕食者也会增加。然后野兔的数量突然下降,捕食者开始消失。这个循环是生态学家中著名的现象）”和下文“Hare numbers decrease not just because predators eat too many of them. There's another factor: The long-term stress of living while being surrounded by killers.（兔子的数量减少不仅仅是因为捕食者吃得太多。还有另一个因素:被杀手包围时的长期生活压力）”可知，该空应与上文构成转折关系，且与下文保持一致的内容，所以，B项In recent years, however, researchers have come to an unusual conclusion.（然而,近年来,研究人员得出了一个不寻常的结论）切题。该项内容通过however与上文构成转折关系，an unusual conclusion 又与下文中的another factor相吻合。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据下文“The off-springs of frightened song sparrows like those of stressed snowshoe hare, are less likely to survive to adulthood and succeed in reproducing.（受到惊吓的歌雀的后代，就像受到压力的雪兔的后代一样，很难存活到成年并成功繁殖）”可知，空处应陈述受到惊吓的动物的生存和繁殖能力都不强。F项They've found that fear of predators can cause other wild animals to bear and raise fewer young, too.（他们发现,对捕食者的恐惧会导致其他野生动物承受并增加更少的幼崽）切题，上下文话题一致，下文是对该项内容的举例说明。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Studies of the ecology of fear started in the 1990s. Before then, scientists believed that the impact of a predator on an individual animal was either deadly or fleeting.（对恐惧生态学的研究始于20世纪90年代。在此之前,科学家们认为,捕食者对个体动物的影响要么是致命的,要么是转瞬即逝的）”可推知，下文应对上文陈述的两种影响进行举例。D项If a zebra escaped the claws of a lion, it would move on and live its life as before.（如果一只斑马逃脱了狮子的爪子,它就会继续前进,像以前一样生活）切题。该项是对上文“影响是转瞬即逝”的举例说明。故选D。
【50题详解】
根据下文“Some of the most dramatic impacts of trauma have been observed in African elephants. Their populations have declined sharply due to poaching and habitat loss. Today, many surviving elephants have witnessed the cruel killing of their mothers and aunts. This has resulted in orphaned elephants running amok as they grow into adolescence.（在非洲象身上观察到了创伤的一些最显著影响。由于偷猎和栖息地丧失，它们的数量急剧下降。今天,许多幸存的大象目睹了他们的妈妈和其他母象残忍的被杀害。这导致了孤儿大象在进入青春期时疯狂奔跑）”可知，幸存者带着恐惧的记忆生活，而非洲大象就是其中的一个例子。C项These survivors may carry memories of terror along with their physical scars.（这些幸存者可能会带着对恐怖的记忆,以及他们身体上的伤疤）切题。该项中的“carry memories of terror along with their physical scars ”与下文的“witnessed the cruel killing of their mothers and aunts”和“orphaned elephants running amok”相呼应。故选C。
IV. Summary Writing
51 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Psychology of Spending
Dr. Thomas Gilovich, psychology professor at Cornell University, has studied the psychology of spending for over 20 years. According to Dr. Gilovich，“We buy things to make us happy, and we succeed, but only for a while. New things are exciting to us at first, but then we adapt to them.” In other words，once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off, we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.
Dr. Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over time. Yet our happiness over things we've experienced increases. For that reason, he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things. A study out of San Francisco State University agrees. The research showed that those people who spent money on experiences instead of possessions were happier. They also thought their money was better invested.
To begin with activities like a trip, adventure, hobby, etc. tend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest. According to Gilovich, “We consume experiences directly with other people.” As a result, these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.
Besides, your experience shows others who you are and what you are. For example, you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes. More than likely, you'll become known by friends and family as a great cook. They won't know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.
Lastly, planned experiences arc frequently something we look forward to. Then when the moment arrives, if we enjoy the time involved in the activity, we're left with fond memories. These memories will often last a lifetime. Even our worst trips, on many occasions, arc later remembered with laughter.
【答案】After studying the link between spending and happiness for years, Dr. Gilovich has found that experiences rather than possessions paid for will more likely bring long - lasting happiness. Firstly, activities can unite individuals, thus creating a feeling of closeness. Secondly, what we do rather than what we own shows our identity. Lastly, experiences whether good or bad, provide lasting fond memories.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括在多年研究消费和幸福之间的联系之后，季洛维奇博士发现，比起花钱买的东西，经历更可能带来长久的幸福。首先，活动可以团结个人，从而创造亲密感。其次，我们所做的比我们所拥有的更能体现我们的身份。最后，无论经历是好是坏，都能带来持久的美好回忆。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 在男性为主导的职场工作可能使女性有孤立感。（汉译英）
【答案】Working in male-dominated workplaces can/may leave women feeling isolated.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“在男性为主导的职场工作”短语为work in male-dominated workplaces，此处应用动名词形式作主语；表示“使女性有孤立感”翻译为leave women feeling isolated，且情态动词can/may后跟动词原形。故翻译为Working in male-dominated workplaces can/may leave women feeling isolated.
53. 在有人受伤的时候，懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。(difference) (汉译英)
【答案】(Having) A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference when someone is/gets injured.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、时态和时间状语从句。结合原文，分析句子可知，全句讲述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态；“在有人受伤的时候”是时间状语从句，可用连词when引导，“有人受伤”可用someone is injured或someone gets injured者表示，可译为：when someone is/gets injured； “懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用”是主句，其中 “懂得急救知识”是主语，可用名词词组a knowledge of first aid或者动名词短语having a knowledge of first aid表示，“发挥重要的作用”是谓语部分，可用make a real difference表示，可译为：(Having) A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference。综上， 全句译为：(Having) A knowledge of first aid can make a real difference when someone is/gets injured.
54. 新车只有在通过多轮测试之后才会投放市场，安全为首要。(Only) （汉译英）
【答案】Only after having passed / passing many rounds of testing will a new car be introduced/ launched to the market, because safety is the top priority.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、动词、连词和名词。表示“新车”应用名词短语a new car；表示“只有”应用副词only；表示“通过多轮测试之后”应用短语after having passed / passing many rounds of testing，介词after后接动名词短语作宾语；表示“投放市场”应用be introduced/ launched to the market；表示“安全为首要”应用because引导的原因状语从句because safety is the top priority；Only 接after引导的时间状语位于句首句子用部分倒装。故翻译为Only after having passed / passing many rounds of testing will a new car be introduced/ launched to the market, because safety is the top priority.
55. 内卷(Involution)现在被用于描述一个现象，同一领域的人互相竞争，以在此过程中互相消耗而告终。（使用定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】Involution is now being used to describe a phenomenon, in which people who compete against one another in the same field end up consuming each other in the process.
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。表示现象应用名词“phenomenon”，表示竞争应使用动词短语“compete against”，表示过程应使用名词“process”，表示消耗应使用名词“consume”。被修饰的名词为“phenomenon”，因此应使用关系代词which。故翻译为Involution is now being used to describe a phenomenon, in which people who compete against one another in the same field end up consuming each other in the process.
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
2021年10月充满着希望，我们看到了二度出征太空的女宇航员，本届诺贝尔奖获得者出炉，电影《长津湖》（Battle of Chosin Reservoir）重现的抗美援朝战斗事迹……，各行各业的古今优秀人物为人类发展做出了积极贡献，是我们青年人学习的榜样，也是一些人的偶像。当然，我们青年人的偶像也可能是生活中的平凡之人。偶像的力量无穷，请谈谈你的偶像，及他或她之于你的力量。
内容必须包括：
1. 简要介绍你的偶像；
2. 以例子说明你的偶像身上的某些优秀品质；
3. 谈谈你从偶像身上学到了什么。
【答案】 My Role Model
Everyone has a role model. My role model is my friend Tom.
He is very kind and caring. He is willing to help others. At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams. However, I didn’t do well in studying, so he not only helped me with every subject, but also told me how to study in order to catch up with others. With Tom’s help, I made great progress and I thanked him very much.
I think I’m lucky to have such a good friend. From now on, I will do my best to study better and better. And I hope I will learn from Tom to help others in trouble and show the act of kindness to others.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生写一篇文章介绍自己的偶像及从偶像身上学到了什么。
【详解】1.词汇积累
擅长……：do well in…→be good at…
在某人的帮助下：with sb’s help →with the help of sb.
幸运的：lucky→fortunate
尽某人最大努力做某事：do one’s best to do sth.→try one’s best to do sth.
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：He is very kind and caring.
拓展句：He is so kind and caring that we all like him.
【点睛】【高分句型1】At school, he studies so hard that he often gets good scores in exams.（运用了so…that…引导的结果状语从句）
【高分句型2】And I hope I will learn from Tom to help others in trouble and show the act of kindness to others.（运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that）