04 高考单词D -十年（2012-2021）高考英语3500单词分字母汇编（高考真句+检测）

高考单词D
dentist [ˈdentɪst] n. 牙科医生
【真句】She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. 【2019年北京】她还与牙医接触，了解更多关于牙齿清洁的知识。

disease [dɪˈziːz] n. 病，疾病
【助记】disease （疾病）就源于“dis-（不）+ease（舒服）”,生病时你会感到不舒服。
【真句】...he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases... 【2020新全国】他为沙尘暴、疾病而悲伤。

【拓展】disease指具体的“疾病”，illness表示“患病”的状态。
easily [ˈiːzɪlɪ] ad. 容易地


daily [ˈdeɪlɪ] adj. 每天的；一天的
Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.【2014重庆阅读】写日记可以帮助你更准确地计算出每天的食物摄入。
This affects the whole daily rhythm.这会影响到他们一整天的节奏。【2015辽宁阅读】
daily的名词形式：day

dam [dæm] n. 水坝

damage [ˈdæmɪdʒ] v. n. 破坏；损伤
Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.【2015北京】一旦农田被破坏，农田需要很长世间才能恢复。
短语：do damage to 对……造成伤害
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.【2015山东阅读】过度包装正在对环境造成严重的破坏。
damage的形容词形式：damaged 被破坏的
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain.【2012全国二阅读】医生很难帮助大脑受到损伤的人。


declare [dɪˈkleə(r)] vt. 声明；断言
【助记】声明的目的，就是让事情更清楚。
【真句】In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello. 【2018浙江】在短信中，你不必声明你是谁，甚至不必打招呼。

【拓展】clear [klɪə(r)] a. 清晰；明亮的；清楚的
clearly [ˈklɪəlɪ] ad. 清楚地，无疑地

damp [dæmp] adj. 潮湿的
dance [dɑːns] v. n. 跳舞

danger [ˈdeɪndʒə] n. 危险
短语：be in dander of doing sth 有……的危险；in danger有危险
Parks are in danger of being gradually encroached.【2012湖南阅读】公园有被逐渐侵蚀的危险
Farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away.【2015江苏阅读】
农场上的动物将会有危险，并且不得不被运走。
danger的形容词形式：dangerousadj. 危险的

dark [dɑːk] adj. 黑的；黑暗的
I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter.【2015重庆完形】对于曾今的可爱的女儿，我看到了她的黑暗的未来。
dark的名词形式：darkness

dash [dæʃ] v. n. 急冲，猛冲
I dashed to the front door.【2013湖南完形】我猛冲到前门。

dare [deə] v. 敢
用法：dare (to) do sth 敢
Many people don’t dare to approach Nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat.【2014天津阅读】许多人再也不敢接近大自然了；对于他们而言他们生儿享受的世界是一个威胁。

dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] v. 解雇，开除；拒绝考虑，否定
【助记】词根miss-表示“发出”。把人“发射出去的”→解雇；把他人的想法“发射出去”→拒绝考虑，忽视。
【真句】But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers.【2017北京】 但这个问题不应该被忽视，就像一些人工智能研究人员所做的那样。


data [ˈdeɪtə] 数据
Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated.【2012湖北阅读】
这样的标签带有特定产品的信息，并且数据可以被更新。
含有“数字”之意的词：statistics，figure

database [ˈdeɪtbeɪs] n. 数据库

deposit [dɪˈpɔzɪt] n. 定金，押金；存款
【助记】de（向下）+pose（放）→放到下面→定金，存款
【真句】Around 100 people have already put down a $10,000 deposit...【2017全国】大约有100人已经支付了1万美元的定金。






date [ˈdeɪtə] n. 日子，日期；约会 v. 与……谈恋爱
But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a cleanup.【2012天津完形】
但是在2004年，我和一些登山者一起制定了一个清扫垃圾的日子。
It’s only our second date, but somehow I am just having the feeling she’s “the one”. jokingly, I added, “The only problem is that I can’t figure out why she’d want to date a guy like me.” 【2014浙江阅读】
“这只是我们第二次约会，但是不知怎地我现在有一种她就是我要找的那个女孩”，我开玩笑地说道；“唯一的问题是我不明白她怎么会和我这样的家伙谈恋爱。
短语：date from = date back to 追溯到,源于
It’s a charming small French clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.【2013上海阅读】
这是一个由黄铜制造的迷人的法国闹钟，源于19世纪。
out of date 过时的(outdated 过时的)
The typical example is computers, which are almost out-of- date once they are bought.【2013重庆阅读】
最典型的就是电脑，几乎买了之后就过时了
Station Street Hospital had out- dated facilities before 2004.【2006江西阅读】 Station Street Hospita有2004之前的过时设施。
up to date 最新的(updated更新的)
Go to the Science Museum website, and you’ll find lots of up-to- date information.【2015陕西】
去科学博物馆网站，这样你就会发现许多最新的信息
Austen's updated work gains popularity.【2013福建阅读】奥斯丁的更新的作品非常受欢迎。

daughter [ˈdɔːtə] n. 女儿

dawn [dɔːn] n.黎明
短语： from dawn to dusk 从早到晚
From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to support our family.【2013天津完形】从早到晚他不停地工作去养家糊口。
at dawn 在黎明
They start work at dawn.【高考真句】他们在黎明开始工作。

die [daɪ] v. 死，死亡
die的名词形式：death 死亡
die的形容词形式：dead 死了的；deadly 致命的
The man hadn’t cared about potentially deadly consequences.【2013 四川完形】那个人没有在意潜在的致命后果。
Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead.【2015陕西阅读】Holden度假回来的时候感到很伤心，认为他的宠物已经死了。

deadline [ˈdedlaɪn] n. 截止日期
The deadline for my project is next Monday.【2015陕西】我的项目的截止日期是下个星期一。

deaf [def] adj. 聋的
Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.【2013上海】如果年青人每天都暴露于大声的音乐中他们会有失聪的风险。

deal [diːl] v.
短语：deal with；处理； 涉及，讨论
The main theme of the forum dealt with issues such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment.【2013福建阅读】论坛的主题涉及诸如滥用毒品、暴力以及失业等问题
Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place . 【2014广西阅读】尽管仍然有严重的问题而且需要被处理，但是这个世界是一个安全并且健康的地方。
短语：deal with sb 与某人相处
Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. 【2012浙江阅读】学习解决问题可以帮助学生与朋友、老师以及同事相处。
a great deal (of) 大量(的)
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language.【2014天津阅读】我花大量的时间思考语言的力量。
a big deal 大事，重要的事
In fact, it is actually a very big deal!【2015安徽任务型读写】事实上这是一件大事。

dear [dɪə] adj. 亲爱的

debate [dɪˈbeɪt] n. v. 讨论，辩论
We are having a debate about this topic.【2015湖南阅读】关于这个话题我们进行了讨论。
Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.【2015江苏】最近，比较同一商品在不同超市的调查在市民中引起了激烈讨论

debt [det] n. 债务，欠款
Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.【2015山东阅读】他们的债务在25年内将会被还清。
短语：be in debt 欠债
The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training.【2013上海阅读】
据预测，当这些青少年大学毕业或结束训练的时候他们会欠债。

decade [ˈdekeɪd] n. 十年
But the textile boom lasted only several decades.【2015湖北阅读】但是纺织业的繁荣只持续了几十年。

decision [dɪˈsɪʒn] n.决定
Basing an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.【2012江苏】基于情感而非理智做决定，你迟早会后悔。
短语：make a decision 做决定
My husband made the decision for me.【2013天津阅读】我的丈夫为我做了那个决定。
decision的动词形式为decide
decision的形容词形式为decisive adj. 决定性的

decide [dɪˈsaɪd] v. 决定；判断
Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.【2016全国三】Eudora Welty决定带两个纽约朋友去外面吃饭。
This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.【2012福建阅读】 这次会议会决定他未来的生活，他明显知道这一点。
She had just been adopted by a family in town who decided that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids.【2014北京完形】她被镇上的一户美国家庭收养，他们判断让她了解美国生活方式的最好办法就是让他和美国孩子在一起。
短语：decide on 选定
The only problem arose in New York, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population.【2015天津阅读】唯一的问题出现在纽约，在哪儿当地的读者很难选定一本书来代表巨大的、多种多样的人口。

declare [dɪˈkleə] v.宣布；宣称，声称
The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK $25,000 and be sentenced to up to 3 years in prison.【2015福建阅读】被宣布有罪的驾车人员也许会被罚款HK $25,000，并且入狱多达三年。
Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.【2013辽宁阅读】 一些科学家声称大多数疲劳来自于精神和心灵的态度。
declare的名词形式：declaration
近义词：announce 宣布

decline [dɪˈklaɪn] v. 拒绝;下降;逐渐变差 n. 下降
In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford.【2012山东阅读】尽管收到了许多邀请，但是他总是拒绝访问牛津大学
The problem is that if we invest little time in a person, our engagement with that person will decline.【2015福建阅读】问题是如果我们在某个人身上花的时间少了，我们与那个人的关系就会变差
Job efficiency declines while multitasking, as compared to when they perform only one task at a time.【2015浙江阅读】与一次只做一件事情相比，当人们同时处理多项任务的时候工作效率就会下降。
Food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population.【2015安徽阅读】20世纪40年代的食物短缺导致人口下降。
含有“下降，减少”之意的词有：drop; sink; cut; fall; decrease

decorate [ˈdekəreɪt] v.装潢，装饰
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.【2012安徽阅读】下次决定穿什么或用什么颜色装潢房间的时候要仔细考虑颜色。
用法：decorate A with B 用B装饰A
It’s such a happy-looking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm-tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof.【2013湖南阅读】这是一个非常好看的图书馆，它被涂成黄色，并装饰有棕榈树的贴纸，此外其屋顶可以遮挡来自佛罗里达的阳光
decorate的名词形式：decoration 装饰，装饰品

decrease [dɪˈkri:s] v. n. 下降，减少
If you have any of these symptoms, change your life goals and decrease your tolerance of stress.【2012浙江阅读】如果你有任何这些症状，改变你的生活目标并且减少承受的压力。
The population is decreasing in older American cities.【2015安徽阅读】在较老的美国城市中人口数量正在下降。

deed [diːd] n. 行为
Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.【2012广东阅读】持续做好事给我们带来平和的心态，这对于幸福是很重要的。
易混词：indeed 的确，确实
A small kindness can indeed make a difference.【2014浙江完形】一个小小的善举的确可以带来影响。

deep [diːp] adj. 深的
deep的名词形式：depth 深度；deep的动词形式：deepen v. 加深
deer [dɪə] n. 鹿

defeat [dɪˈfiːt] v. 打败 n. 失败；
Ford won the race and defeated the Winton.【2015辽宁阅读】Ford赢得了比赛并且打败了 Winton
Enthusiasm becomes an irresistible force which poverty and temporary defeat can never match.【2015江苏完形】热情变成了不可抗拒的力量，贫穷和暂时的失败是不能与之匹配的。
同义词：beat v. 打败

defend [dɪˈfend] v. 保护；为……辩护/辩解；防守
The traveler may fire at a wild beast to defend himself in case he is attacked.【2014辽宁阅读】
游客也许会朝野兽开枪来保护自己以防自己被攻击。
Don’t defend him any more．It’s obvious that he deliberately destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.【2013湖北阅读】不要再为他辩解了！很明显他故意弄坏围墙甚至还不道歉。
Some players are better at defending. 有些运动员较擅长防守。
The robot can help you defend yourself when you go outside with him.【2014江西阅读】当你和这个机器人一起外出的时候，它可以保护你
defend A from/against B 保护A免受B伤害
They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.【2016四川七选五】它们可以帮助保护身体免受感染的伤害。
defend的名词形式：defence/defense保护；辩护；防守
defend的形容词形式：defensive adj. 防御的

define [dɪˈfaɪn] v. 界定，确定；给……下定义
A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years.【2012上海阅读】四岁到16岁以下的人被界定为儿童。
Oxford English Dictionary defined 414,825 words.【2012山东阅读】牛津英语字典给41482个单词下了定义
define的名词形式：definition

definition [ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn] n. 定义
Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.【2013陕西阅读】社会学家对中产阶级有清楚的定义。

definitely [ˈdefɪnətli] adv. 确切地，绝对地
I am definitely the best in the world.【2015江西】我绝对是这个世界上最棒的。
同义词：certainly adv. 绝对地；absolutely adv. 绝对地

degree [dɪˈɡriː] n. 度数；学位；程度
She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. 【2012湖北阅读】 她被Berne大学录取了，在哪儿他在1877年的1月授予了学位。
The climate changes only for five degrees between seasons.【2014全国二阅读】季节之间的变换只有5度。
Water freezes at zero degree.【高考真句】水在零度时结冰。
短语：to a degree /to a certain degree/ to some degree 在一定程度上
Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.【2012湖北阅读】
在任何时候我们幸福的感觉在一定程度上取决于基因。
同义词：extent n. 程度

delay [dɪˈleɪ] v. n. 耽误，耽搁；推迟，
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.【2014陕西】延误的航班何时起飞很大程度上取决于天气
用法：delay doing 推迟做某事
He delayed running the necessary tests.【2015湖北阅读】他推迟进行这些重要的测试。
同义词：postpone v. 延期，推迟；put back 延期，推迟；put off 推迟，延期

delete [dɪˈli:t] v. 删除，删去 同义词：remove v. 移除；cancel v. 删除，取消

deliberate [dɪˈlɪbərət] adj. 故意的；
Those who are deliberately late to create impression should not be forgiven.【2015陕西阅读】那些故意迟到以使别人印象深刻的人不应该被原谅。

delicate [ˈdelɪkət] adj. 微妙的；易碎的，脆弱的；优美的，优雅的
Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.【2013湖南阅读】 情感对周围的人有微妙的影响。
Most transparent animals are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.【2014北京阅读】 大多数透明的动物都是脆弱的，轻轻一碰都会使他们受到伤害。
But fine, delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text.【2015安徽完形】 但是（笔书写出来的）好的、优美线条所博得的注意力并不次于打印出来的文章。

delicious [dɪˈlɪʃəs] adj. 美味的
同义词：yummy adj. 好吃的；tasty adj. 美味的

delight [dɪˈlaɪt] n. 高兴；令人高兴的事； v. 使高兴
Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.【2013天津阅读】他们赢得比赛或者得到自行车的高兴是毫不掩饰的
What delighted the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis.【2013湖北书面表达】令球迷高兴的是那位年轻的球员在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极为出色。
短语：take delight in 以（做）某事为乐；
She takes delight in helping others.【2014天津阅读】她以帮助别人为乐。
to one’s delight 令某人高兴
Apparently, I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.【2014上海】明显我很难适应城市生活，更不用说找一个令我高兴的工作。
delight的形容词形式：delighted，delightful

delighted [di'laitid] adj. 高兴的
用法：be delighted to do高兴做某事; be delighted with/at/by 对……很高兴
The house was small, but at first we were all just delighted to be in a new place.【2014四川阅读】
房间很小，但是起初我们都非常高兴在一个新的地方。
They were delighted at the news that their team had won.【2014重庆】他们很高兴听到他们的队赢得了比赛。

delightful [dɪˈlaɪtfl] adj. 令人高兴的
It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers.【2015卷二阅读】看到如此多的漂亮的花是令人高兴的。

deliver [dɪˈlɪvə] v. 递送，传送；
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.【2014北京】之前被狗咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信除非我们把狗锁起来。
用法：deliver/give a speech/lecture/address 发言/授课/讲话
Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”.【2015全国一写作】
10个学生讲就“人类与自然”这一话题发表讲话。
deliver的名词形式：delivery;

delivery [dɪˈlɪvəri]n. 递送，传递
Why does home milk delivery no longer exist? 【2015全国一阅读】为什么牛奶递送服务不存在了。

demand [dɪˈmɑːnd] n. 需要，需求；要求 v. 需要；要求
Driven by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.【2012浙江】
受到需要大量蔬菜的驱动，农民已经建立了更多的温室。
In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return.【2013山东阅读】在1973年，绑架者带走了他16岁的孙子并要求大量的赎金才让其孙子安全回来。
近义词：require v. 要求，需要；request n. v. 要求，请求；order n. v. 要求；insist v. 坚持要求

dentist [ˈdentɪst] n. 牙医

department [dɪˈpɑːtmənt] n. 部门，(机关的）处，（大学的）系
Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.【2012重庆】萨姆被任命为工程部的经理以代替乔治。
department store n. 百货商场

departure [dɪˈpɑːtʃə] n. 离开；（航班，火车等的）出发
10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September【2015福建阅读】 预定日期在2015年5到11号离开的可以享受百分之十的减免。
Departure date【2015福建阅读】出发时间

depend [dɪˈpend] vi. 依靠，依赖
depend on 依靠，依赖；取决于；
If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on ourselves.【2015上海】如果父母为我们小孩作所有的事情，那么我们就不能依靠我们自己。
This shows how much we depend on water to live.【2013安徽阅读】这显示出我们是多么地依赖水去生存
The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.【2012全国一阅读】这些动物的饮食是不一样的，这取决于季节
用法：It / That depends. 视情况而定。
同义词组：count on 依靠；rely on 依靠
depend的形容词形式：dependent; independent; dependable
depend的名词形式：dependence independence

dependence [dɪˈpendəns] n. 依靠
Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial in dependence.【2014辽宁】创业是获得经济独立的一个方式。
dependence的反义词：independence [ˌɪndɪˈpendəns] n. 独立
Independence is the key to one’s success.【2016天津】独立是成功的关键。

dependent [dɪˈpendənt] adj. 依靠的，依赖的
The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new.【2015北京阅读】 大学生在经济上依靠父母的这一事实并不是什么新鲜的。
dependent的反义词：independent [ˌɪndɪˈpendənt] adj. 独立的
The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.【2015湖北完成句子】教授高兴地发现学生们已独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。

dependable [dɪˈpendəbl] adj. 可靠的，可依赖的
He should he cheerful, dependable, and easy-going.【2013安徽阅读】他应该是快乐的，可靠的并且随和的。

deposit [dɪˈpɔzɪt] n. 定金，押金；存款

describe [dɪˈskraɪb] v. 叙述，描述
The surprising experiment I am about to describe proves that air is all around you.【2014江西阅读】
我将描述的这一令人惊讶的实验证明空气在你周围。
describe的名词形式：description [dɪˈskrɪpʃən] 叙述，描述（注意其拼写）

desert [dɪˈzɜːt] v. 抛弃，遗弃 n. 沙漠
A national law was passed to give prison sentences to people who desert cats or dogs.【2012天津阅读】国家通过了对于抛弃动物的人以监禁的法律。
No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless.【2015辽宁】不管沙漠是多么的干旱，它未必没有生命。
desert的形容词形式：deserted
易混词：dessert n. 甜点

deserted [dɪˈzɜ:tɪd] adj. 被抛弃的；空无一人的
Humans will find it hard to deal with the deserted bee hives.【2013全国一阅读】人们发现处理被抛弃的蜜蜂箱比较困难。
The police found his wallet on a deserted beach but the body was never found.【2014上海阅读】警察在空无一人的沙滩上找到了他的钱包，但是并没有找到他的尸体。

deserve [dɪˈzɜːv] v. 值得，应得
E-waste deserves to be made good use of.【2015江苏阅读】电子垃圾值得被好好利用。

design [dɪˈzaɪn] v.设计； n. 设计
Their website is designed mainly for students.【2015浙江阅读】网站主要是为学生设计的
The system has been designed to give students quick and easy to the digital resources of the library. 【2014浙江】系统被设计来给学生更快更容易获得图书馆的数字资源。
短语：by design 故意地
We don't know if it was done by accident or by design.【高考真句】我们不知道那是偶然的还是故意的.
同意词：on purpose; deliberately; intentionally 故意地

desire [dɪˈzaɪə]n. v. 欲望，渴望（注意：desire作动词时为及物动词）

When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness.【2013北京阅读】在朋友方面，我渴望那些可以和我分享快乐的朋友。
用法：desire to do渴望做某事
The findings indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted and can’t focus on one activity.【2013北京阅读】研究发现许多做多任务处理的人不是出于他们渴望增加生产效率而是因为他们很容易分心并且不能集中于一个活动。
desire for渴 望某事
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. 【2012重庆阅读】凯恩斯当然是正确的：总支出当中只有一小部分是由渴望优越决定的

desk [desk] n. 书桌
dessert [dɪˈzɜ:t] n. 甜点

desperate [ˈdespərət] adj. 绝望的；渴望的；极其需要的；不顾一切的
A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock.【2015陕西阅读】
一个带着望远镜的野鸟观察家发现那只宠物绝望地坐在岩石上。
It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.【2014陕西阅读】这仅仅足够支付他极其需要的手术。
They struggled in their desperate attempts to escape but missed the exit and started heading in the wrong direction.【2015湖北阅读】他们不顾一切的尝试逃跑但是却错过了出口，并开始朝反方向走去。
用法：be desperate to do 渴望做某事；
She is desperate to influence others with their knowledge.【2015天津阅读】他渴望用知识影响其他人。
be desperate for sth 渴望某事
The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. 【2013广东阅读】一个人低价卖烟的原因是因为他渴望钱。

destination [destɪˈneɪʃən] n. 目的的
Yangshuo is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.【2015全国一语法填空】阳朔很快成为亚洲人周末的度假目的地。

destroy [dɪˈstrɔɪ] v. 破坏，毁掉 （严重毁坏，程度为不可使用或不能恢复）
Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.【2012山东阅读】90%的岛屿都被毁坏了，并且他们一无所有。
Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger.【2015江西阅读】没有知识我们也许被危险毁掉了
destroy的名词形式：destruction

destruction [dɪˈstrʌkʃn] n. 破坏，毁灭
On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest threatens human life.【2015陕西阅读】就全球而言，雨林的破坏会威胁人类的生命。

detail [ˈdi:teɪl] n. 细节
I’d eagerly wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.【2014天津完形】我会热切地等待她的电话然后告诉她这一天的所有细节。
短语：in detail 详细地
Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.【2013江苏阅读】文章详细地描述了吉姆对家庭的寻找。
detail的形容词形式：detailed

detailed [ˈdi:teɪld] adj. 详细的
detailed accounts of daily activities.【2013湖北阅读】日常活动的详细描述。

detect [dɪˈtekt] v. 发现，察觉
The problem is too difficult for researchers to detect.【2014北京阅读】研究者很难发现这个问题。
含有“发现”之意的词：discover v. 发现；spot v. 发现；notice v. 注意到
detect的名词形式： detective [dɪˈtektɪv] n. 侦探

determine [dɪˈtɜːmɪn] v. 查明；决定 .
Computer and video systems could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach.【2012福建阅读】专业的狗狗训练师可以用电脑和视频系统去查明他们被要求去接近的狗的情绪。
Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.【2012湖北阅读】
在任何时候我们幸福的感觉在一定程度上是由基因决定的。
用法：determine to do 决定做某事
I merely determined to make a list of all the books I had ever read.【2012四川阅读】我仅仅决心列一个我以前读过的书的清单。
determine的形容词形式：determined
determine的名词形式：determination

determined [dɪˈtɜːmɪnd]adj. 有决心的；坚决的，坚定的
He was determined that none of his children would be denied an education.【2015 福建阅读】他决心不让他的任何一个孩子被剥夺受教育。
Dr. Minor is brave and determined.【2012山东阅读】Minor医生是勇敢并且坚定的。

determination [dɪtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən] n. 决心；毅力
My father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30-plus years ago.【2014福建阅读】与他30多年来所说的所有的话相比，我的爸爸更多教了我勇气和毅力。
I was torn between the desire to help them and change their lives, and the determination not to repeat their mistakes.【2015陕西阅读】我感到非常痛苦：一方面我渴望帮助他们并改善他们的生活，另一方面我又决心不再重复他们所犯的错误。

develop [dɪˈveləp] v. 发展；研发；形成；产生；患（病）；阐述（观点）；冲洗（照片）
China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions.【2015江苏阅读】中国将会得到急需的资源然后发展西部地区。
Many people use online maps developed by Google.【2015重庆阅读】许多人用由谷歌研发的网络地图。
He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains.【2013浙江阅读】他对户外运动产生了爱意并且前往尼泊尔去爬山。
In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes.【2014重庆阅读】在1997年我被发现患上了糖尿病。
She developed pictures in dark labs.【2014浙江阅读】她在黑暗的实验室里面冲洗照片。
The third paragraph is developed mainly by providing different examples.【2014重庆阅读】第三段主要通过提供不同的例子阐述的。
develop的名词形式：development [dɪˈveləpmənt] n. 发展；开发
develop的形容词形式：developed; developing

developed [dɪˈveləpt] adj. 发达的；成熟的，先进的
developed countries 发达国家
The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby.【2013浙江阅读】在出生时，小猴子比婴儿更成熟。

developing [dɪˈveləpɪŋ] adj. 发展中的 developing countries 发展中国家

devote [dɪˈvəʊt] v. 投入，致力
用法：devote A to B 将A投入于B
Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.【2015福建阅读】Fitzgerald开始更多地将时间投入于写作。
For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world’s best long-distance swimmers.【2012天津写作】10年来，Nyad致力于成为世界上最好的长距离游泳运动员。
be devoted to (doing) 致力于,投入到
My life had been so much devoted to work for so long, and I felt grateful that my sons were happy to welcome me into their world.【2014四川完形】我的生活曾今很长一段时间内都致力于工作，我很感激孩子们现在欢迎我进入他们的世界。
devote oneself to (doing) sth 致力于，投入到
Later in math class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much trouble. 【2013天津完形】在之后的数学课上，Jenna致力于解决给她带来许多麻烦的问题。
devote的名词形式：devotion
devote的形容词形式：devoted

devotion [dɪˈvəʊʃn] n. 奉献，挚爱
Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.【2012山东阅读】皮特死于1984年，一个10尺搞的木质松树雕像被放在桥的附近以纪念其建造者和其对这个项目的奉献。

devoted [dɪˈvəʊtid] adj. 挚爱的；忠实的
Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches.【2014福建阅读】灰姑娘继母的女儿跟着她，假装爱她的目的是为了能够享受国王的富有。
Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.【2013江西阅读】也许UNO可以在每一个国家设立一个有忠实的人组成的机构，他们可以迅速地将援助分配给洪水和地震的受害者。

diagram [ˈdaɪəɡræm] n. 图表，图样
dial [ˈdaɪl] vt. 拨（电话号码）
dialogue [ˈdaɪəlɔɡ] n. 对话
diamond [ˈdaɪəmənd] n. 钻石
diary [ˈdaɪərɪ] n. 日记
dictation [dɪkˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 听写
dictionary [ˈdɪkʃənərɪ] n. 词典，字典

diet [ˈdaɪət] n. 饮食；节食 v. 节食
Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients.【2013北京阅读】节食产品会间接地伤害我们的绳梯，因为食用它们意味着阻止我们的身体获得基本的营养物质。
Humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness.【2014湖南阅读】人们节食总体上是为了改善健康或增加吸引力。
Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products.【2013上海阅读】这样的饮食主要基于粗粮产品、水果、蔬菜以及适量的肉类和奶制品。
用法：go/be on a diet 节食
She seemed to be on a diet.【高考真句】她似乎在节食。

different [ˈdɪfrənt] adj. 不同的
用法：be different from 与……不同
Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today.【2013北京阅读】科学家们认为最初人与马的互动不同与今天人与马的互动。
be different in 在……方面不同
Although all kites have a similar structure, they are widely different in size and shape.【2012安徽阅读】尽管所有的风筝都有相似的结构，但是它们在尺寸和形状上有很大的不同。
different的名词形式：difference
different的动词形式：differ

difference [ˈdɪfrəns] n. 差异，差别
This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.【2012上海阅读】这个差异也许解释了为什么男人更有可能遭受与压力相关的疾病。
用法：make a/the difference (to) （对……）有影响，有作用
We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth.【2013福建阅读】我们努力创造一些提供工作经验的机会，这些机会对我们的青年人会产生很大的影响。

differ [ˈdɪfə] v. 不同
用法：differ in 在……方面不同；
Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly in size and shape.【2012上海】所有种类的树都有叶子，但是他们在大小和形状上有很大不同
differ from 与……不同
How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups? 【2012上海阅读】成年组同龄人与儿童组同龄人是怎样不一样的。

difficult [ˈdɪfɪkəlt] adj. 困难的，不容易的；（人）不宜相处的
You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it.【2012全国二阅读】你也许认为帆船运动是一项不容易的运动，但是学这项运动真的不难。
They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.【2015辽宁阅读】他们也说很难知道学生是否学的好
How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding?【2015安徽任务型读写】一个难以相处的人怎样知道你在倾听并且了解他们
difficult的名词形式：difficulty

difficulty [ˈdɪfɪkəltɪ] n. 困难
用法：have difficulty (in) doing sth 做……有困难
Apparently, I had difficulty adapting myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.【2014上海阅读】明显我很难适应城市生活，更不用说找一个令我高兴的工作。

dig [dɪɡ] v.挖；挖掘

digest [daɪˈdʒest] n. v. 消化，理解
In his opinion, reading means taking in the information, digesting it and incorporating it into oneself just as one digests a sandwich and makes it a part of himself.【2015湖北阅读】根据他的观点，阅读意味着吸收信息、理解信息以及并入信息就像一个人消化了一个三明治并使其成为他自己的一部分。

digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] adj. 数字的，数码的 digital technology 数码科技

dignity [ˈdɪɡnɪtɪ] n. 尊严，自尊
Some parents forgot their duty and their dignity.【2015浙江阅读】一些父母忘记了他们的职责和尊严。

dilemma [dɪˈlemə] n. 进退两难的境地
On-line voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some people, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.【2016江苏书面表达】

dinner [ˈdɪnə] n. 正餐，晚餐
dinosaur [ˈdaɪnəsɔː] n. 恐龙
dioxide [daɪˈɔksaɪd] n.二氧化物
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
dip [dɪp] vt. 浸，蘸

diploma [dɪˈpləʊmə] n.文凭

direct [dɪˈrekt] v. 指导；命令；把（某物）对准……； adj. 直接的
The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. 【2013江西阅读】
UNO可以承担指导援助的分配。
Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. 【2013江西阅读】通过给物质这种直接的帮助也许在短期是有效的，并且在紧急情况发生的时候还得给。
professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience, studying the origins of elevator and its relationship to humankind.【2014湖北阅读】Andreas Bernard将他所有的注意力对准了这项实践，研究电梯的起源以及它与人类的关系。
direct的名词形式：direction; director

direction [dɪˈrekʃən] n. 方向，指导
You must go first in one direction and then in another.【2012全国二阅读】你必须先朝一个方向走然后再朝另一个方向。
Why men refuse to ask for directions?【2013陕西阅读】为什么男人拒绝指导？
短语：in the direction of…朝….方向；under sb’s direction 在……指导下

director [dɪˈrektə] n. 导演；主任（因为direct做动词有指导的意思，所以我们可以把director理解为“官”）

dirty [ˈdɜːtɪ] adj. 脏的 dirty的名词形式：dirt [dɜːt] n. 污物；脏物

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəld] adj. 残疾的
This special school accepts all disabled students, regardless of educational level and background.【2014江苏】这个特殊学校接受所有残疾学生，不管他们的教育背景和水平怎样
disabled的名词形式：disability
disability [dɪsəˈbɪlɪtɪ] n. 残疾
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years.【2013湖北阅读】德国一项研究表明那些对未来过于乐观的人实际上在10年内面对更大死亡或残疾的风险。

disadvantage [dɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ] n. 不利条件；缺点；劣势
The advantages of new technology outweigh its disadvantages.【2016北京阅读】新技术的优点大于缺点。

disagree [dɪsəˈɡriː] v. 不同意；不一致
用法：disagree with不同意……；与……不一致
I disagree with this view.【2012北京阅读】 我不同意这个观点。
disagree的名词形式：disagreement [dɪsəˈɡriːmənt] 不同意；不一致
disagree的反义词：agree v. 同意，一致

disappear [dɪsəˈpɪə] v. 消失
The next morning their happiness disappeared.【2015北京完形】第二天，他们的快乐消失了
disappear的名词形式：disappearance 消失
disappear的反义词：appear v. 出现

disappoint [dɪsəˈpɔɪnt] v. 使…..失望
There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers.【2012陕西阅读】有许多非常合格的候选人，所以拒绝那些可能让我失望的顾客是没有错的
disappoint的形容词形式：disappointed; disappointing
disappoint的名词形式：disappointment

disappointed [dɪsəˈpɔɪntid] adj. 失望的
These jobs didn’t pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.【2013安徽阅读】这些工作的工资不高，人们感到孤独并且对城市里的新生活非常失望。

disappointing [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ] adj. 令人失望的
disappointing news 令人失望的消息

disappointment [dɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt] n. 失望
If services do not reach the high level promised, disappointment will be the result.【2015浙江阅读】
如果服务没有达到允诺的标准，顾客将会非常失望
用法：to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
Susan was expecting her favorite singers, but to her disappointment, none appeared.【2013全国一阅读】
苏珊正在期待他最喜欢的歌星，但是令人失望的是，没有一个最喜欢的歌星出现。

disaster [dɪˈzɑːstə] n. 灾难
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.【2015陕西】据报道现在许多新房屋建立在灾区
同义词: catastrophe [kəˈtæstrəfɪ] n. 灾难

discount [ˈdɪskaʊnt] n. 折扣
During 10 days you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.【2013北京阅读】在这10天内你可以享受半价折扣和免邮费。
用法：at a discount 以折扣价

discourage [dɪˈskʌrɪdʒ] 使灰心；阻止，防止
I knew that nothing would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.【2015湖南】我知道任何事情都无法阻止他，他从不放弃想成为一名导演。
Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.【2013湖南阅读】不要让失败让你灰心，因为你从不知道你与胜利有多近。
用法：discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops.【2014安徽阅读】
Lucy想看看非洲蜜蜂是否也许阻止大象吃庄稼。

discover [dɪˈskʌvə] v. 发现；了解到
The most important skill for children to learn is to discover things on their own.【2012浙江阅读】
儿童所要学习的最重要的技能就是独自发现事情。
You’ll discover what interests you by taking courses in many subjects.【2014四川阅读】通过学习多门课程你将了解到什么使你感兴趣。
discover的名词形式：discovery

discovery [dɪˈskʌvərɪ] n. 发现
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed.【2015湖南阅读】根据杰克和他的同事，这项发现表明人类感情交流比以前认为的要复杂。

discrimination [dɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn] n. 歧视
Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.【2013福建阅读】性别歧视在今天仍然存在。

discuss [dɪsˈkʌs] v. 讨论；阐述
It may discuss a sensitive topic.【2015浙江阅读】它有可能阐述一个敏感话题。
用法：discuss with sb (about) sth与某人就某事进行讨论
When writing an essay or carrying out project work, you can often discuss with your tutor about the title and topic.【2006福建阅读】当你写文章或实施项目的时候你可以和你的导师就标题和话题进行讨论。
discuss sth with sb与某人谈论某事
My parents are happy to discuss things with me and willing to listen to me.【2012北京阅读】我的父母乐于和我讨论事情并且愿意倾听。
discuss的名词形式：discussion [dɪsˈkʌʃn] n. 讨论

disease [dɪˈziːz] n. 疾病
We know very little about these new diseases.【2014全国一阅读】关于这些新疾病我们所知甚少。

disgusting [dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ] adj. 恶心的
Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.【2013安徽阅读】用未署名的信息让人们不开心是残忍与恶心的。

dish [dɪʃ] n. 盘子；一道菜
The food especially appeals to health-conscious eaters because each dish is very healthy.【2015湖南阅读】
这食物对于有健康意识的食客都有吸引力，因为每一道菜都很健康。

dislike [dɪsˈlaɪk] v. 不喜欢，厌恶
They dislike living with their parents.【2012北京阅读】他们不喜欢和他们的父母住一起

dismiss [dɪsˈmɪs] v. 解雇，开除；拒绝考虑，否定
After everything I'd done for the company, they dismissed me by text!【2013上海阅读】在我为公司付出一切后他们竟然通过短信的方式解雇我
A spokesman for the health supplement industry has argued that other research shows that Vitamin C supplements help prevent heart disease, but we can dismiss this evidence as it is from a biased source. 【2013上海阅读】保健产业的发言人争辩到：维他命C补品会组织心脏疾病；但是我们可以拒绝考虑这一证据因为其偏见的来源

disobey [dɪsəˈbeɪ] vt. 不服从
They disobeyed the laws of business physics.【2015四川阅读】他们违背了商业的物理法则。

distance [ˈdɪstəns] n. 距离；远处；疏远
Riding horses allowed people to travel far greater distances in much less time.【2013北京阅读】
骑马可以让人们在更短的时间里走更长的距离。
The two other rich men saw this from a distance and commented with each other how the third rich man lacked sympathy.【2015陕西完形】其他两个富人从远方看到了这一幕，评论到第三位商人是多么没有同情心
I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.【2015浙江阅读】我看到了一辆车在远处，当我认出这辆车的时候我跳了起来。
There was still a distance between me and father.【高考真句】我和爸爸仍然有点疏远。
distance的形容词形式：distant [ˈdɪstənt]远的

distinction [dɪˈstɪŋkʃn] n. 差别，不同；卓越，优秀
It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction.【2015广东阅读】我们曾今吧英国看作一个有阶级差别的社会。
It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction.【2014上海阅读】她不必有一个特别大的才能，管够就行；这样它就可以获得一种优秀的感觉。
distinction 的形容词形式：distinct

distinct [dɪˈstɪŋkt] adj. 不同的
When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had two different signs and they had distinct functions.【2015广东完形】当我第一次来美国的时候我看到一个公共建筑有两个不同的记号并且它们都有不同的功能。

distinguish [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ] v．区别；辨别
Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.【2014北京阅读】将研究报告和公共健康报告区分开来。
By the time we are adults, we have the ability to distinguish around 100,000 faces.【2013上海阅读】
到我们是成年的时候我们就有了区分大约10万张脸的能力。
distinguish的形容词形式：distinguished

distinguished [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃd]adj. 卓越的，杰出的
The Town Hall built in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.【2012上海】
建于19世纪的市政厅是当时最杰出的建筑。

distribute [dɪˈstrɪbjuːt] v. 分配，分发；提供，配送
Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed.【2014山东阅读】更加不凡的是Hatcher夫妇将他们的土地给分了。
Since the organization started, Kids F.A.C.E. members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! 【2013山东阅读】 自从该组织成立以来，Kids F.A.C.E.成员配送并且种植了100多万棵树。
同义词：allocate v. 分配
distribute的名词形式：distribution[ˌdɪstrɪˈbju:ʃn]分配，分发；提供，配送

district [ˈdɪstrɪkt] n. 区

disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] v. 打扰；影响，干扰
Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people.【2014湖南完形】邻居们应该做他们所能做的以免打扰邻居。
They disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness.【2015江苏阅读】他们干扰了荒野的生态平衡。
disturb的形容词形式：disturbing 令人不安的

dive [daɪv] v. 跳水，潜水

diverse [daɪˈvɜːs] adj. 各种各样的
English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, which uses it differently.【2014天津】英语是由各种文化共同使用的语言，他们使用的方式有点不一样。
diverse的同义词：various adj. 各种各样的
diverse的名词形式：diversity

diversity [daɪˈvɜ:səti] n. 多样性
They play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.【2015湖南阅读】他们在创造该领域物种多样性方面扮演着极其重要的角色。
diversity的同义词：variety n. 多样性

divide [dɪˈvaɪd] v. 分；分成；使产生分歧；（最根本的意思是“分”）
The library is divided into different zones.【2013天津阅读】图书馆被分成不同的区域。
It makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members.【2013江苏任务型读写】
将团体任务分配给所有的组员使工作变得更容易。
When it was first performed, critics were divided over the music.【2013山东任务型读写】当这首音乐第一次被演奏的时候，评论家对此是有分歧的
divide的名词形式：division [dɪˈvɪʒn]分；分歧

divorce [dɪˈvɔːs] n. 离婚 v. 与……离婚
He married five times and divorced five times.【2013山东阅读】他结了5次婚离了5次婚
dizzy [ˈdɪzɪ] adj. 头晕目眩的
I felt a little dizzy.【2015山东完形】我有点头晕目眩。

doctor [ˈdɔktə] n. 医生；博士
document [ˈdɔkjʊmənt] n. 文件
documentary [ˌdɒkjuˈmentri] n. 纪录片
dog [dɔɡ] n. 狗
doll [dɔl]n. 玩偶，玩具娃娃
dollar [dɔl] n. 元

donate [dəʊˈneɪt] v. 捐赠，捐献
The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu.【2015江苏】那位退休人员将其大多数存款捐赠给了玉树中被地震毁坏的学校。
Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs more.【2012北京】
许多人已经捐献了该血型的血，但是血库还需要更多。
donate的名词形式：donation 捐献，捐赠


door [dɔː] n. 门
dormitory [ˈdɔːmɪtərɪ] n. 学生宿舍（缩写式dorm）
dot [dɔt] n. 点

double [ˈdʌbl] adj. 双的，两倍的；n. 双 v. 加倍
But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect.【2012北京阅读】但是这些研究进一步表明压力会带来双重影响。
And at Farringdon, a double room cost just £62.95.【2013湖南阅读】在Farringdon，一个单人房的费用为62.95磅。
The world population has doubled in the past thirty years, from three to six billion.【2015浙江阅读】在过去的30年里世界人口翻倍了，由30亿变为60亿。

doubt [daʊt] v. n. 怀疑；不相信
Tony said he could fix my bicycle, but I really doubt it.【2012辽宁】托尼说他能修好我的自行车但是我不相信。
But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors.【2014浙江阅读】现在学者怀疑富兰克林不仅被疾病剥夺了生命还被竞争者剥夺了荣誉
用法：there is no doubt that 毫无疑问
Despite such a big difference in attitudes towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.【2012湖北】尽管对于我们吃什么方面的态度有很大差异，毫无疑问西方人认为中国的食物是特殊的。
no doubt 无疑
No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.【2013江西阅读】
无疑他想知道如果自己在自己的土地上作业是不是更不开心。
be in doubt 不确定，无把握
Their acceptance of the contract is still in doubt.【高考真句】他们是否接受那合同还不确定。

design [dɪˈzaɪn] n.& vt. n. 设计, 策划 图案, 图样, 样式
【助记】标记下来→描绘下来
【真句】You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.【2019北京】你也可以设计一个冒险挑战来训练年轻的志愿者。

download ['daunləud] n. v. 下载

downstairs [ˈdaʊntaʊn] adv.到楼下，在楼下
The house is still as I walk downstairs while my husband and three kids sleep peacefully.【2015四川阅读】
当我上楼的时候房屋很安静，同时我的丈夫和三个小孩睡的很香。
反义词：upstairs adv.到楼上，在楼上

downtown [ˈdaʊntaʊn] adj. 市中心的； adv.往市中心
My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice as expensive.【2014四川】我叔叔位于市区的房子比我们的房子小很多，但是价钱确实我们的两倍。
After dinner we walked into downtown Nancy.2014全国一阅读】晚饭之后我去了市区的Nancy，

downward [ˈdaʊnwəd] adv. 向下

dozen [ˈdʌzn] n. 一打；
From the water on the ground, it seemed that he had already finished washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.【2012江西完形】从地上的水可以看出他似乎已经洗了一打或更多的车。
短语：dozens of 许多
Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity.【2014山东阅读】
许多家庭都被Hatches的慷慨打动了。

draft [dræft] n. 草稿，草案；v. 起草
Finally, my thanks go to my tutor, who has offered a lot of suggestions and comments on my paper and polished every page of my draft.【2012湖北】最后，我要感谢我的导师，他给我的论文提供了很多建议和评论并且对草稿的每一页都进行了打磨。
Anderson started drafting out solutions.【2015江苏阅读】安德森开始起草解决方案。

drag [dræɡ] v. 拖，拉，拽
Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometer.【2015浙江阅读】几秒钟后，她看到火车把她的车拖了几乎一公里。

draw [drɔː] v. 画；取（钱）；吸引；轻拉；拿出； n. 抽奖，抽签；平局
they want kids to learn to draw by copying classical paintings.【2014广东阅读】他们希望孩子通过描绘经典绘画来学习画画。
He said he would draw three names out of a hat; those students would go with him to Los Angeles to get the award.【2012福建阅读】他说他会从帽子里面拿出三个名字；这些人将和他去洛杉矶领奖。
You can draw your money from cash machines conveniently.【2013福建阅读】你可以从取款机中方便的取钱。
After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public.【2013安徽阅读】在探戈舞者从阿根廷抵达欧洲后，他们开始吸引公众的兴趣。
Seeing Grandma was sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down.【2015上海】
看到奶奶想睡觉，他把窗帘拉了一下并把电视声音调小。
He entered the lucky draw to win a digital camera.【2013四川阅读】参加幸运抽签赢了数码相机。
The match ended in a draw 2-2.【高考真句】比赛以2比2打成平局结束。
短语: draw inferences about 推断
But in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are by observing our own behavior.【2014重庆阅读】但是在很多情况下我们可以推断出我们是谁从观察我们自己的行为。
draw attention 吸引注意力
Unfortunately, her works did not draw much attention in the 1930s and1940s.【2012安徽阅读】
不幸的是她的作品在20世纪40年代并没有吸引太多的注意。
draw to a close/an end 结束
As the meal drew to a close she asked how long I would be in Orlando.【2014安徽完形】当快吃完饭的时候她问我会在奥兰多待多长时间。
draw conclusion (from) 从……当中得出结论
What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?【2012天津阅读】从文章当中得出什么结论？
draw做动词时的名词形式为drawing [ˈdrɔːɪŋ] n. 图画，绘画

drawback [ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 缺点，不利因素
What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.【2015北京】一些人当作是缺点的东西在别人看来却是优点。
同义词：shortcoming n. 缺点；disadvantage n. 缺点，不利因素；weakness n. 缺点
反义词：strength n. 优点；advantage n. 优点，有利因素；plus n. 优点

drawer [ˈdrɔːə] n. 抽屉
dream [driːm] n. 梦想；梦；v. 梦想
His biggest dream is to see every corner of the world before he retires. ([阅读]2012浙江 他最大的梦想就是环游世界。
I had a interesting dream last night.改错]2012浙江 我昨晚做了一个有趣的梦。
用法： dream of/about (doing) sth 梦想
He dreamed of having a better life.【2015辽宁阅读】他梦想有一个更好的生活。

dress [dres] n. 连衣裙（C）；衣服(U) v. 给某人穿衣服
I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real bargain.【2013山东】
我花10元钱买了一件打折的连衣裙；这真便宜啊
Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.【2014天津】
她急切地把衣服从包装盒里面拿出来试穿，结果却发现大小不合适。
l had been able to dress myself for recess(课间休息), but today I would need some help.【2014江苏阅读】
之前课间休息的时候我可以自己穿衣，但是今天我需要一些帮助。
短语：dress up装扮，打扮；
Let her daughter dress up like her friends.【2013上海阅读】让女儿打扮地和她的朋友们一样。

drill [drɪl] n. v. 练习，训练
However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.【2015上海阅读】然而通过练习那些被认为不怎么舒服的训练，球员可以更加有效地改善他们反手练习的表现
短语：drill sth into sb 向某人灌输某事
The dangers of the problem have been drilled into us by public-health campaigns since 2001.【2013湖北阅读】自从2001年以来公共健康运动就在向我们灌输该问题的危险性。

drink [drɪŋk] v. 喝；喝酒 n.喝；饮料
The medicine works more effectively if you drink some hot water after taking it.【2014浙江】
吃完药之后喝点热水药物会更有效。
If you don't like the drink you ordered, just leave it and try a different one.【2015全国二】
如果你不喜欢你点的饮料，把它放一边然后尝试其它饮料。
短语：go for a drink 喝一杯
Shall we go for a drink at one o’clock this afternoon? (2013陕西 下午一点钟去喝一杯怎样？
drink的形容词形式：drunken，drunk

drunken [ˈdrʌŋkən] adj. 喝醉了的（必须位于名词前）
He smiled politely as Mary apologized for her drunken friends.【2012山东】
当玛丽为她喝醉了的朋友道歉的时候他礼貌地笑了笑。
drunken [ˈdrʌŋk] adj. 喝醉了的（不能用于名词前）

drive [draɪv] v.驾驶，开车送（某人）；推动；驱使；迫使，逼迫
Twenty years ago, I drove a taxi for a living.【2013北京阅读】20年钱我靠开出租车为生。
I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I might have driven her there.【2012陕西】
我告诉你的朋友怎么去宾馆，但是我也许本应该开车把他送到那儿。
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, 【2012重庆阅读】花费的决定也受到质量观点的推动，质量的观点会影响对几乎所有产品的需要。
Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win.【2014江苏阅读】
体育队伍的运动员也许觉得被迫努力去比赛为了帮助团队获胜。
Her antics helped me realize I had been driven crazy by small things.【2014重庆阅读】
她可笑的举动使我意识到我已经被一些小事给逼疯。
drive的名词形式：driver 司机

drop [drɔp] v. 丢，扔；掉下；下降，减少；停止，放弃；送某人/某物到某处（等于drop off）n. 滴；下降
I stopped and dropped all the coins into his hat, and he smiled at me.【2015陕西完形】我停下来把所有的硬币扔进他的帽子里面，他朝我笑了笑。
Their incomes dropped.【2014山东阅读】他们的收入减少了
She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears drop ping on the open page.【2014北京完形】她会打开书假装阅读，此时眼泪掉在打开的书上。
I agree to his suggestion on the condition that he drops all charges.【2015辽宁】我同意他的建议条件是他放弃所有的指控。
Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.【2014重庆】
半小时以后，在公交车把他丢下的地方，他还是没有乘坐上出租车。
If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now!【2015北京】如果哪怕下一滴雨，现在的情况也会更好。
短语：
drop by 顺便拜访
I just dropped by to see how you were doing.【高考真句】我只是顺便拜访看你过得怎样。
drop off 打盹；把某人/某物送到某处
Please drop me off at the library.【2015安徽】请把我送到图书馆。
drop out 辍学；退出
She had to drop out of college.【高考真句】他不得不从大学辍学。
drop in 拜访
You may drop in or just give me a call.【2006安徽】你可以拜访我也可以给我打电话。

drown [draʊn] v. 淹死；
a drowning man 快要淹死的人.

drug [drʌɡ] n. 药；毒品
If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.【2012广东阅读】如果这些药物都不起作用没有人知道后果将会怎样。
The misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly.【2015上海阅读】滥用药物也许是在老人中最常见的嗜毒形式

drum [drʌm] n. 鼓

dry [draɪ] adj.干的；干燥的；干旱的 v. （使）变干；把……弄干
He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes.【2015陕西阅读】他向他的女朋友要他的干衣服。
Tree leaves fall during this dry season and new leaves grow when the wet season begins.【2012辽宁阅读】 树叶在干燥的季节会落下并且在潮湿的季节长出新叶。
In the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.【2014重庆阅读】在葡萄牙和西班牙的干旱地区，高尔夫要对一些地区的水资源的严重短缺负责。
The professor entered the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans.【2015全国一完形】教授走近演讲厅，将装满干豆子的罐子放在桌上。

duck [dʌk] n. 鸭

due [duː] adj. 预定；适当的；到期的
The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days a week, often long into the night.【2014浙江阅读】考试下个月到期，我每天工作到深夜。
No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.【2013广东】不管一份工作多么普通，它都在社会中扮演重要角色并且因此值得我们适当的尊重
She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year.【2013天津阅读】
她预定今年随后完成学业并且毕业。
短语：due to 由于
The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.【2016北京完形】由于大学，小城和外面的世界失去了联系。

dull [dʌl] adj. 枯燥的，无聊的；（人）愚笨的
This dull task brought me such pain.【2015陕西完形】这个无聊的任务给我带来很多痛苦。
As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above.【2013重庆阅读】当你爬山的时候你会听到
Her dull and indifferent husband replied that he had not heard about it.【2013福建阅读】他那愚蠢而又冷漠的丈夫说他并没有听到这件事情。

dumpling [ˈdʌmplɪŋ] n. 饺子
dusk [dʌsk] n. 黄昏
dust [dʌst] n. 灰尘 其形容词形式：dusty [ˈdʌstɪ] adj.尘土多的
dustbin [ˈdʌstbɪn] n. 垃圾箱

duty [ˈduːtɪ] n. 责任，义务
It has been my duty to help my mom take care of my brothers and sisters.【2014广东阅读】帮助妈妈照顾弟弟妹妹是我的责任。
短语：on/off duty 值班/下班
He knew a rescue team was on 24-hour duty at the Amherst Fire Department.【2013湖北阅读】他知道一个救援团队在Amherst Fire Department24小时值班。

dynamic [daɪˈnæmɪk] adj. 精力充沛的；动态的
English is a dynamic language.【高考真句】英语是一个动态的语言。
Well-known children’s play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth group.【2014江西阅读】来自上海的儿童话剧专家将会带领这一精力充沛的年轻团队。

Dynasty [ˈdɪnəstɪ] n.王朝，朝代



高考核心词汇与练习---D（含答案）
1. declare v. 公布；宣布；宣告
(1) When they asked him for his opinion, he declared strongly ____________the policy.他们向他征求意见时，他声明强烈反对这项政策。
【答案】against
(2) The moment the 29th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered.
A. declared B. have been declared C. have declared D. were declared
【答案】答案 D解析：the moment引导的时间状语从句，主语the 29th Olympic Games与谓语是被动关系，所以首先可排除A、C两项。而B项是现在完成时，不符合题干的时态要求。
(3) The government has declared war _____ illiteracy.
A. at B. for C. on D. to
【答案】答案 C解析：考查固定短语declare war on“向……宣战”。
2. defend v. 防御；保卫；辩解
(1) I have to say _________ her defense that she knew nothing about it beforehand.我得为她说句话，她事先并不知道此事。
【答案】in
(2) American people are wondering whether the newly-elected president and his administration will keep the nation safe and defend it _____ any terrorist attack in the future.
A. to B. on C. against D. with
【答案】答案 C解析：考查固定短语defend against。
(3) It is said that the murderer has employed a famous lawyer to ______ him.
A. protect B. protect for C. defend D. defend for
【答案】答案C解析：defend sb. “为某人辩护”，是及物动词。
3. delight n. 高兴；愉快；乐事v. 使高兴；使愉快
(1) The boy ________ great _________ pulling the cat’s tail.那男孩以拽猫的尾巴为乐。
【答案】takes ; delight in
(2) ______ to have a picnic here!
A. What great delight B. How great delight
C. What a great delight D. How a great delight
【答案】答案 C解析：在表示“令人愉快的事情”的意思时，delight是可数名词。
(3) ______, they found that he was gradually recovering.
A. To their much delight B. To much delight
C. To much their delight D. Much to their delight
【答案】答案 D解析：“令某人非常愉快的事是”为much to one’s delight或to one’s great delight。
4. deliver v. 递送；传送；发表；宣布；接生
(1) She _______________ a healthy baby.她生下了一个健康的婴儿。
【答案】was delivered of
(2) Heads from Asia and Europe attended the conference and President Hu _____ a speech on the first day.
A. stated B. issued C. addressed D. delivered
【答案】答案D解析：deliver a speech“发表演讲”，为固定搭配。
(3) Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message _______.
A. to deliver B. delivered C. to be delivered D. delivering
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：广告不同于其他交流形式的原因在于登广告者要为传递的信息付费。the message和deliver之间是被动关系且动作未发生，故用不定式的被动式。
5. demand n. 求；所需之物 v. 要求
(1) Medical workers are _________________(急需) in that area.
【答案】in great demand
(2) The boss demanded that Mary ______ the work within a week.
A. finished B. would finish C. had finished D. finish
【答案】答案 D解析：demand后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。
(3) He _____ the person referred to be put imprison.
A. said B. demanded C. agreed D. thought
【答案】答案 B解析：尤其注意题干中的referred to是过去分词短语作定语修饰the person，谓语动词为（should) be，只有B项动词后面的从句用虚拟语气。
6. deserve v. 值得；应得
(1) If you do wrong, you deserve ___________________________(punish).
【答案】punishment / to be punished / punishing
(2) I work hard and I think I deserve ______.
A. to be well paid B. to pay well C. being well paid D. well paying
【答案】答案 A解析：考查deserve to be done = deserve doing。
(3) After five hours on your feet, you ______ a break.
A. conserve B. deserve C. observe D. reserve
【答案】答案B解析：conserve“保存”；deserve“值得，应该”；observe“观察；遵守”；reserve“保留”。由题意“站了五个小时后，应该休息一下”可知，B项正确。
7. design v. 设计；构思；计划n. 设计；布局；图样
(1) Do you think the traffic accident was caused by accident or ________________ (故意)?
【答案】by design
(2) The houses ______ for the refugees in the earthquake have already been completed.
A. designed B. designing C. to design D. having designed
【答案】答案 A解析：designed for the refugees in the earthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the houses。
(3) The newly-published book, mainly ______ use in college, is a best-seller this year.
A. designed for B. designed to C. designing for D. designing to
【答案】答案A解析：句子主语和design之间是被动关系，且句子中的use为名词，故用designed for。
8. desire n. 愿望；欲望 v. 渴望；期望
(1) He has a desire that his books __________________ (reach) as many as possible.
【答案】should reach
(2) The old woman _____ her sons and daughters ______ and see her from time to time.
A. suggested; to come B. hoped; to come
C. desired; coming D. desired; to come
【答案】答案 D解析：suggest doing…“建议做……”；hope to do sth.“希望做……”；desire sb. to do…“希望某人做……”。句意：这位老妇人希望她的儿女们不时地来看望她。
(3) It is _____ that interest rates should be reduced.
A. desiring B. desire C. desirable D. to desire
【答案】答案C解析：句意：利率下调是可取的。desirable为形容词，意为“可取的，想望的”，符合句意。
9. destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭
(1) The _______ (injure) horse had to be destroyed.
【答案】injured
(2) The young husband left her, _____ her life and all her hopes.
A. destroyed B. to destroy C. destroying D. to damage
【答案】答案 C解析：考查现在分词作结果状语，动词不定式表示的结果往往出乎意料。
(3) The precious manuscripts were hopelessly _____ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar.
A. damaged B. destroyed C. harmed D. ruined
【答案】答案 D解析：ruin“毁坏，损坏”，指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏；damage一般是部分毁坏；destroy指“彻底的毁坏，摧毁”；harm“损害”，多指对肉体、精神方面的伤害。
10. determine v. 决定，决心；确定
(1) We should carry out the plan with _____________ (determine).
【答案】determination
(2) ______ to give up smoking, he threw away his _____ cigarettes.
A. Determined; remaining B. Determined; remaining
C. Determining; remained D. Determining; remaining
【答案】答案 B解析：根据短语要求，第一空用determined，构成be determined to do sth.短语；第二空用remaining，表示“剩余的”。
(3) He was determined that his children _____ to the best school available.
A. should go B. went C. ought to go D. would go
【答案】答案A解析：determine后跟的从句中常用should do，should可省。
11. devote v. 致力；献身；专心
(1) Li Lei is my ①_________ (devote) friend. After he graduated from a university in 1980, he went to work in Tibet. Since then he ② _________________ (致力于) improving the education of the local people. He ③＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ (花费) a lot of time to raising money to build more schools. Sometimes he himself devotes some of his time to ④＿＿＿＿ (teach) in a school. His ⑤＿＿＿＿＿ (devote) to his work touched the people deeply. They all think highly of my friend.
【答案】① devoted ②has been devoted to ③ devotes
④teaching ⑤ devotion
(2) My mother used to ______ her teaching when she was young.
A. devoting to B. devote to C. be devoted to D. being devoted to
【答案】答案 C解析：sb. be devoted to sth. / doing sth.“专心致力于，忠于”。 used to“过去常常”，后接动词原形。
(3) —Your sister nearly _____ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
—That’s right, or she ______ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. devoted; wouldn’t have taken B. spent; wouldn’t have taken
C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
【答案】答案A解析：devote…to“专心于……”，spend的搭配是spend … on sth. / in doing sth.。第二空是与过去相反的虚拟语气。
(4)The time he has devoted in the past 10 years the disabled is now considered of great value.
A．to help；being B．to helping；to be
C．to help；to be D．helping；being
【答案】答案 B解析：devote...to doing sth.为固定用法；be considered to be...也为固定用法。
(5)Mr.Read made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children.
A．set up B．have set up
C．setting up D．having set up
【答案】答案 C解析：devote...to doing sth.把……用在……。
12. differ v. 相异；有区别
(1) They are sisters but they are different (differ) from each other in their habits and they also differ from each other in many ways. But that doesn’t make any difference (differ).
【答案】different ; from ; difference
(2) Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ______ size and shape.
A. on B. from C. by D. in
【答案】答案 D解析：differ … in… “在……方面不同”。
(3) There is a difference _____ ten degrees ______ temperature _____ the day and the night.
A. of; of; between B. of; in; between
C. from; to; between D. between; of; between
【答案】答案 B解析：题意为：白天和黑夜温度相差10度。注意：1) （两者之间的）差异，用difference between…；2) (在某方面的)差异，用difference in…；3) （有多大的）差异，用difference of…。
13. dismiss v. 摒弃；对……不屑一顾；解雇；免职；解散
(1) He dismissed her ________ his mind.他挥去了对她的思念。
【答案】 from
(2) She claims she was unfairly dismissed _____ her post.
A. of B. out C. from D. in
【答案】答案 C解析：考查固定短语be dismissed from one’s post“被撤销职务”。
14. distinguish v. 区分；辨别；成为……的特征；使具有……的特色
(1) The man distinguished _________ (he) by his wisdom.
(2) The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one _______ the other.这对孪生儿长得像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。
【答案】(1) jimself (2) from
(3) Color blind people often find it difficult to _____ between blue and green.
A. separate B. distinguish C. compare D. contrast
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：色盲的人常感到区分蓝和绿困难。distinguish意为“区别”。
(4) At what age are children able to distinguish ______ right and wrong?
A. among B. during C. with D. between
【答案】答案D解析：考查固定短语distinguish between … and…。
15. distribute v. 分发；分配
(1) Please distribute these pictures __________ the children.请把这些图片分给孩子们。
【答案】among / to
(2) A much better way must be found to achieve an equal _____ of the resources.
A. distribution B. contribution C. catalogue D. separation
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：必须找到一个更好的办法来平均分配资源。distribution“分配，分发”，符合题意。
(3) The Red Cross has started _____ food and blankets to villages in the flood area.
A. distributing B. dividing C. dismissing D. exporting
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：红十字会开始向遭受水灾地区的村庄发放粮食和毯子。distribute“分发，分配”，符合题意。
16. due a. 预定；预期；到期
(1) Any money that is __________(欠) you will be paid before the end of the month.
(2) The meeting is due _____________ (start) at three.
【答案】(1) due to (2) to start
(3) 145 people were missing ______ the crash of the French Airbus.
A. in spite of B. along with C. due to D. rather than
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：由于法国空客的坠毁，145人失踪了。due to“因为，由于”，符合句意。
(4) —Did you look up the time of trains to Shanghai?
—Yes, the early train is _____ to leave at 5:30 am.
A. likely B. about C. possible D. due
【答案】答案 D解析：be due to do sth.“预定，预期做……”火车发车的时间是确定的，不能用Ａ项；be about to do…“马上做……”；Ｃ项，无论从句意还是用法上都不对，possible的主语只能用it。
(5) It is reported that the accident careless driving，so a lot of money be paid by the driver.
A．was due to；was due to B．due to；was due to
C．is due to；was due to D．is due to；due to
【答案】答案A解析：由于事故发生在过去，因此应用过去时。第一空表“由于……”，第二空表“预定要……”，故选A项。
(6）Our delay was heavy traffic.
A．due to B．owe to
C．thanks to D．according to
【答案】答案A解析：句意为：我们的延误是由于交通繁忙。due to由于，用作表语。
17. damage v. 损害；伤害；破坏 n. 损坏；破坏
(1) The earthquake ______________(对……损坏) property estimated at $6 million.
【答案】caused / did damage to
(2) Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ______.
A. hurt B. damaged C. spoiled D. harmed
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：受到父母过分照顾的孩子容易被宠坏。spoil“溺爱；娇惯；宠坏”，符合题意。
(3) After the collision, he examined the considerable ______ to his car.
A. ruin B. destruction C. damage D. injury
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：撞车后，他检查了车子受的严重损害。四个选项都有“破坏”之意。ruin指“毁灭，崩溃；毁坏”，程度很深；destruction也表示严重性的破坏，“毁灭，消灭，毁灭的原因”；damage指“使质量爱损害，破坏”，意味着损坏后质量或价值降低；injury主要指对人、动物躯体的部分伤害，也可指对名声、感情的伤害。
18. debate n. 辩论；争论v. 讨论；辩论
(1) A: The motion being discussed was put to a vote.
B: The motion ______________was put to a vote.
【答案】under debate
(2) They had a fierce ______ as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
【答案】答案 A. debate B. disagreement C. contest D. conflict
A解析：句意为：他们就公司是否应当恢复几年前中断了的这一贸易关系进行了一场激烈的争论。debate“争论，辩论”，指持不同观点的各方据理力争，并最终作出决定。
(3) She debated _______ without saying anything but decided against it.
A. to leave B. left C. leaves D. leaving
【答案】答案D解析：句意：她打算不辞而别，但又决定不这样做。debate doing….“考虑做……”。
19. decline n. 减少；下降 v. 减少；下降；谢绝
(1) The minister declined ___________(comment) on the rumors.
(2) Thankfully, this is a disease that is now _________ the decline.令人欣慰的是，这是一种现在越来越少的疾病。
【答案】(1) to comment (2) on
( 3) In addition to the rising birthrate and immigration, the _____ death rate contributed to the population growth.
A. declining B. adding C. descending D. increasing
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：除了日益增加的出生率和移民现象外，死亡率下降也促成了人口的增长。declining意为“下降的”，符合题意。
( 4) Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply ______.
A. declined B. lessened C. slipped D. supplied
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：芝加哥去年的犯罪率大幅度下降。decline表示“下降”时，可用于数目、标准、影响、力量等对象。lessen意为“减少”，主要指规格、价值、重要性等变小。
20. dare v. 敢于；胆敢
(1) ___________(我敢说) you know about it already.
【答案】I dare say
(2) I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
【答案】答案D解析：分析四个答案可知，A、B、C从形式上就错误，故只有D正确。
(3) My little son _____ out alone at night.
A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
【答案】答案 D解析：在A、B答案中的dare应该是实义动词，其否定式应为doesn’t dare；C项中的dare为情态动词，后接动词原形，故C项错误。
21. direction n. 方向；方位；管理；指导；说明；操作指南
(1) The plane flew ________________(朝……方向) Beijing.
【答案】in the direction of
(2) —How can I take this medicine, sir?
—Just follow the ______ on the bottle?
A. information B. advices C. directions D. explanations
【答案】答案 C解析：information“信息，情报，资料”；advice“建议”；directions“说明书”；explanation“解释，说明”。从句意看，只能C项符合题意。
(3) ______, I had no difficulty in finding the famous actor’s house.
A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack
C. With Jack directing me D. Jack directed me
【答案】答案 C解析：考查with复合结构的用法。B、D两项为句子，而后面分句前无连词，所以不选；A项形式不正确。direct“指点，指示方向”。
22. discount n. 折扣 v. 打折扣；认为……不重要，低估
(1) All tickets are now available ________________(打折).
【答案】at a discount
(2) They sell the sweater _____ a discount of 30 percent.
A. on B. for C. at D. with
【答案】答案 C解析：at a discount of“按……折扣”。
(3) Air Canada are currently offering a 10% discount _____ selected airfares.
A. at B. of C. for D. on
【答案】答案 D解析：句意为：加拿大航空公司目前在指定航线上提供飞机票价9折优惠。the discount on“对……打折”。
23. discourage v. 阻止；劝阻；使灰心；使泄气
(1) We discouraged him ____________ giving up the job.我们劝他不要放弃那份工作。
【答案】from
(2) High interest rates _____ people from borrowing money.
A. discourage B. distract C. disturb D. interrupt
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：高利率使人们不敢去借钱。discourage sb. from doing…“阻止某人做……”。
(3) His parents _____ him from joining the air force.
A. encouraged B. discouraged C. opposed D. advised
【答案】答案B解析：句意：他的父母不赞成他参加空军。encourage用法是encourage sb. to do；advise的搭配是advise sb. to do。
24. donate v. 捐赠，赠送；捐献
(1) We are collecting _______(donate) for the relief fund.
(2) All ________ (donate) blood is tested for HIV and other infections.
【答案】(1) donations (2) donated
(3) The centre was bought with money ______ by former Beatle, George Harrison.
A. donating B. donated C. to donate D. having donated
【答案】答案B解析：句意：这个中心是有前披头士乐队歌手乔治·哈里森捐的钱买下的。money和动词donate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
(4) He donated thousands of pounds _____ charity.
A. for B. in C. at D. to
【答案】答案 D解析：考查固定短语donate… to…。
25. doubt n. 疑惑；疑问；不相信 v. 不肯定；怀疑
(1) There is no doubt ________ he will come.
(2) I’m still doubtful ___________ I should accept the job.
【答案】(1) that (2) whether
(3) You may have you own decision on this matter, and I have little doubt ______ you’ll succeed.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
【答案】答案 C解析：doubt在否定句中一般接由that引导的从句。
(4) She _____ that it was a trick to get her involved in the matter, for she knew them too well.
A. doubted B. suspected C. convinced D. considered
【答案】答案 B解析：suspect和doubt都译成“怀疑”，但意思不同：suspect“怀疑……是”，表示相信；doubt“怀疑……不”，表示不相信。
26. dozen num. （一）打；十二个
(1) They arrived ___________(大批).
【答案】in dozens
(2) Mr. Smith _____ me to buy several _____ eggs for the dinner party.
A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of
C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens
【答案】答案 A解析：dozen与数词，a, many, several, a few等连用时，用单数形式。Dozens表抽象量，要与of 连用。Have, ask, persuade的句式为：have sb. do sth., ask / persuade sb. to do sth.。suggest的句式为suggest (one’s) doing。故选A。
(3) —There are _____ such books here.
—I only need _____ these books on this shelf.
A. eight dozens; one dozen B. eight dozens of; one dozen of
C. eight dozen; one dozen D. dozens of; one dozen of
【答案】答案 D解析：dozens前不加数词，后与of连用，表示“大量，许多”；one dozen后如有限定词，则one dozen后加of。
27. decrease n. 减少；降低 v. 减少；降低
(1) The population of this area has decreased __________ 10 million ______ 9 million (从……减少到……) in the last three years. That is to say, the population has decreased ________ (减少了) 10%, and the number of the people will be _____________(在减少) in the future.
【答案】from ; to ; by ; on the decrease
(2) The number of violent crimes is ______ the decrease.
A. on B. in C. at D. to
【答案】答案 A解析：考查固定短语on the decrease“在减少”。
(3) This species of bird is decreasing _____ numbers every year.
A. at B. on C. in D. for
【答案】答案 C解析：decrease in“在……方面减少”。
28. delay n. 延迟；延误 v. 延迟； 延期
(1) He delayed __________(tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
【答案】telling
(2) —Why were you late for such an important concert?
—The plane arrived at the airport after a _____ of three hours.
A. delay B. rest C. tour D. request
【答案】答案 A解析：上句询问“迟到的原因”，因此下句中的名词应与“迟到”意义有关的名词，所以只能选择“延误”，即A为正确答案。
(3) Michael has delayed ______ the bike to me till today.
A. returning B. to return C. to have returned D. being returned
【答案】答案 A解析：delay后跟动名词，不跟不定式，且句子主语和return之间为主动关系，故选择动名词的主动式。
29. disappoint v. 使失望
(1) 用disappoint的适当形式填空
Today, I went downtown with several of my good friends. However, the weather was really ①disappointing because it was raining. I told my friends that we wouldn’t be ②disappointed. Arriving at a park, we were ③disappointed to find it was not open today. Then we left the park to a nearby restaurant for lunch. To our ④disappointment, the restaurant was closed, too. We had no choice but to go home in ⑤disappointment. What a ⑥disappointing outing it was!
【答案】①disappointing ②disappointed ③disappointed ④disappointment ⑤disappointment ⑥disappointing
(2) What he has done is really ______. Now his parents are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by
【答案】答案 C解析：第一空表达的是“他所做的事是令人失望的”，应用disappointing；“对……失望”应用be disappointed in / with，答案为C。
(3) The little girl, _____ at the examination results, stood there without saying a word.
A. disappointing B. disappointed C. disappoint D. disappointment
【答案】答案 B解析：考查(be) disappointed at结构。
30. distance n. 距离；间距；遥远
(1) I saw some smoke _________(在远处).
( 2) My parents live ________ walking distance of me.我父母住在我家附近。
【答案】(1) in the distance (2) within
(3) The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____ of 60 miles.
A. length B. distance C. way D. space
【答案】答案 B解析：“a distance of +数字”表示“……的距离”。
(4) It is said that the mountain is more beautiful _____.
A. in the distance B. in a distance C. at the distance D. within a distance
【答案】答案 A解析：句意：据说此山在远处看会更美丽。in the distance意为“在远处”，符合题意。at a distance意为“隔开一定距离”“不接触”。
31. date n. 日期；日子；约会 v. 与某人约会；注明日期
( 1) The letter __________ (date) 23 February.
【答案】was dated
(2) The traditional friendship between our two peoples _____ ancient times.
A. is dated back to B. dates at C. dates back to D. is dated from
【答案】答案 C解析：date back to / from常用其一般现在时，无被动形式。
(3) Please put a date _____ the letter.
A. on B. at C. to D. in
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：请在这封信上写上日期。put a date to“在……上写日期”。
32. despite prep. 即使；尽管
(1) He still loves her, despite the fact _______ she left him.
【答案】that
( 2) ______ the traffic jam, he arrived here on time.
A. In spite B. Despite C. Despite of D. In despite of
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：尽管交通阻塞，他仍准时到达这里。despite = in spite of“尽管”。
( 3)—Did you finish your work last year?
—Unfortunately not, despite _____ it.
A. my hoping of finishing B. I hoped to finish
C. my hope of finishing D. I hoped of finishing
【答案】答案 C解析：despite是介词，后不接句子，排除Ｂ、Ｄ两项。Hope用作动词时，常跟for搭配，不与of连用。故正确答案为Ｃ。
33. develop v. 成长，发展；开发，研制；冲洗（胶卷）；出现（问题）
(1) China is a ________ (develop) country while America is a _________ country (develop).
( 2) With the __________ (develop) of agriculture and industry, we are living a better life.
【答案】(1) developing ; developed (2) development
(3) Hand in hand with reading, he has _____ the habit of making notes.
A. caused B. developed C. created D. brought
【答案】答案 B解析：develop the habit of doing sth.“形成……的习惯”，其中的develop具有“发展”的意义。
(4) The place has ______ from a fishing port into a tourist centre.
A. increased B. discovered C. developed D. improved
【答案】答案 C解析：develop“发展；形成”。
34. diet n. 日常饮食；规定饮食v. 节食
( 1)The doctor put him ______ a diet after operation.手术之后，医生规定了他的饮食。
【答案】on
(2) —Would you like some more chicken?
—No, thanks. I am ______ a diet and I ‘m trying to _____ weight.
A. on; lose B. on; put on C. in; have D. in; lose
【答案】答案 A解析：on a diet“节食”；lose weight“减肥”。
( 3) No sugar in my coffee, please. I ______.
A. have dieted B. am dieting C. dieted D. had dieted
【答案】答案B解析：句意：请不要给我的咖啡加糖，我在节食。“节食”是目前正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时表示。
35. disturb v. 打扰；干扰；妨碍
(1) It’s very __________ (disturb) that there has been an increase in crime in the last six months.
【答案】disturbing
(2) —Why didn’t they keep in touch with each other in those years?
—The reason was that they _____ the communication between each other.
A. destroyed B. interrupted C. kept D. disturbed
【答案】答案 B解析：interrupt“打断（谈话）、中断（联系）”；disturb“干扰，打扰”；keep“保持”；destroy“毁坏”。
(3) However, at times this balance in nature is ______, resulting in a number of possibly unseen effects.
A. troubled B. puzzled C. disturbed D. mixed
【答案】答案 C解析：disturb the balance“打乱平衡”，符合题意。
36. deal n. 大量；协议；交易
(1) Deal with a man ________ he deals with you. 以其人之道还治其人之身。
【答案】as
( 2) She is used ______ the matters that I don’t know ______.
A. to dealing with; what to do with them B. to dealing with; how to deal with
C. to do with; what to do with D. to do with; how to deal with them
【答案】答案B解析：be used to后接名词或动名词，故排除Ｃ、Ｄ，又因that在定语从句中作宾语，故排除Ａ项。
( 3) Many colleges have taken measures to ______ the cheating of students in exams.
A. work out B. find out C. deal with D. go with
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：许多大学已经采取措施来对付学生考试作弊。deal with“处理，应付”，符合题意。
37. deny v. 否认；否定；拒绝承认
(1) He denies _________(attempt) to murder his wife.
【答案】attempting
(2) American women were ______ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.
A. ignored B. neglected C. refused D. denied
【答案】答案 D解析：美国妇女经过多年的艰苦斗争，直到1920年才获得选举权。Deny“拒绝承认”，符合题意。
(3) The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire.
A. to be B. to have been C. having been D. be
【答案】答案 C解析：题意：警察控告他纵火烧大楼，但他说发生火灾那天晚上他不在附近地区。Deny后接动名词，不接不定式。本题中，由于表示的是过去已结束的情况，所以用完成式。
38. divide v. 开；分散
(1) The whole world is divided ___________ five continents.整个世界分成五大洲。
【答案】into
(2) We _____ the job _____ five parts, and each man did one part.
A. divided; into B. separated; into C. divided; from D. separated; from
【答案】答案 A解析：separate, divide都有“分”的含义，一般来说，separate与from连用，指把原来在一起或靠近的东西分别隔开来；divide和into连用，指把整体分成若干部分。
(3) Asia is separated _____ Africa _____ the Sues Canal.
A. with; in B. from; by C. to; with D. from; in
【答案】答案 B解析：句意：亚洲和非洲被苏伊士运河分开了。separate … from… by….“用……分隔……和……”。
39．完全倒装
(1) Between the two buildings _____________________. 两座楼之间有一棵高大的树。
(2)________________ the crowd one by one.人们一个一个地离去了。
(3)_________________ Mr.Brown. 布朗先生来了。
【答案】(1) stands a tall tree (2) Away went
(3)Here comes
(4)When I got home last night，I was frightened to find that in front of my door .
A．was seated a large dog
B．sat a large dog
C．a large dog was seated
D．did a large dog sit
【答案】答案　B
解析　表示方位的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，应用全部倒装。
(5)For a moment nothing happened.Then all shouting together.
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
【答案】答案　B
解析　then置于句首，主语不是人称代词，应用全部倒装。由前句可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故选B项。
40．do/does/did＋动词原形
(1)Mike ___________ (确实喜欢) playing football.
(2) __________ (务必来) and see us some day.
【答案】(1) does enjoy (2) Do come
(3)In my opinion，what Yi Jianlian good to Milwaukee Bucks(雄鹿队) in the NBA.
A．did do does B．did does do
C．does did do D．do do did
【答案】答案　B
解析　what Yi Jianlian did为主语从句，指已发生的事实，其谓语动词应用第三人称单数；does此处用来加强谓语动词do的语气。
(4)Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they faster than in the 1920s.
A．were moving B．did move
C．had moved D．would move
【答案】答案　B
解析　did放在move前表强调。
41．die out灭绝；逐渐消失
(1)This kind of bird _________________(正濒临灭绝).
(2)After Lomborg，the environmental movement will begin ____________ (变弱).
【答案】(1)is dying out (2) to die down
(3)Many of the earth’s plants and animals have already and several other species are endangered.
A．died away B．died out
C．died off D．died up
【答案】答案　B
解析　句意为：地球上的很多物种已经绝种，几种别的种类也在濒危。die out灭绝，符合句意。
(4)If we don’t take steps, the Tibetan antelopes and pandas will some day like dinosaurs, which is quite terrible.
A．die out B．die away
C．die down D．die off
【答案】答案　A
解析　根据句子的含义和like dinosaurs知是“绝迹”，故选A项。die out绝迹；绝种；die away变弱；die down变弱；渐渐平息；die off相继死去。
42．draw upon/on利用，凭借；依赖
(1) If you want to buy something，you’d better ________(草拟) a shopping list.
(2)Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s，_________ (draw) on ideas that were popular at the time.
【答案】(1) draw up (2) drawing
(3)In order to be a good writer，you have to your imagination and life experience.
A．draw up B．draw upon
C．draw in D．draw for
【答案】答案　B
解析　句意为：要想成为一名好作家，你得利用你的想象力和生活经验。draw upon利用。
(4) upon his own efforts，he succeeded in getting the job in that company in the end.
A．Drawn B．Drawing
C．To draw D．Draw
【答案】答案　B
解析　考查现在分词短语作状语。draw和he在逻辑上为主谓关系。
43．draw/catch/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
(1) I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention ________(draw) to myself.
【答案】drawn
(2)We must draw our attention the fact that the young don’t look to the old nowadays.
A．to；up B．on；down
C．on；upon D．to；down
【答案】答案　A
解析　draw one’s attention to吸引某人注意(的事物)；look up to尊敬。
(3)Johnson suggested the problem worth paying attention at the meeting.
(2011·枣庄调研)
A．to be discussed B．to been discussed
C．being discussed D．should be discussed
【答案】答案　A
解析　worth后应是及物动词的动名词形式，to为介词不能省去；主句中的谓语动词为suggest，从句中应用虚拟语气(should) do结构，故选A项。
44．depend on视……而定；取决于；依赖于；依靠
(1) We’ll decide whether to hold the sports meet depending (depend) on the weather.
(2) —Shall we go outing tomorrow?
—_____________(视情况而定).
【答案】(1) depending (2) That depends
(3)—How long are you staying?
—I don’t know. .
A．That’s OK B．Never mind
C．It depends D．It doesn’t matter
【答案】答案　C
解析　句意为：——你要呆多久？——不知道，要视情况而定。It depends.视情况而定。
(4)Some laid­off workers delightedly took up the work to patients in hospitals.
A．take on B．look on
C．depend on D．wait on
【答案】答案　D
解析　句意为：一些下岗工人愿意去从事照顾病人的工作。wait on照顾，照料。
45．date back to＝date from追溯到；始于(无被动语态，作谓语时常用一般现在时)
(1) This is an old building dating (date) back to the 16th century.
(2)The old stone bridge，which dates (date) from the Qing Dynasty，is still in use today.
(3)The model is the newest and most up to date (最新的).
【答案】(1)dating (2) dates (3) up to
(4)The traditional friendship between our two peoples ancient times.
A．is dated back to B．dates at
C．dates back to D．is dated from
【答案】答案　C
解析　date back to始于……。
(5)The scientist discovered a dinosaur fossil from 4,000 years ago.
(2011·武汉统考)
A．dates B．date
C．dated D．dating
【答案】答案　D
解析　date from追溯到……。dating from此处相当于定语从句which dates from...，是现在分词短语作后置定语。
46．dry up(河流、井等)干涸
(1)All the plants are dying for water as the earth seems as as a bone.
A．hot B．warm
C．severe D．dry
【答案】答案　D
解析　as dry as a bone固定搭配，意为“非常干的”。
(3)The hot sun is the ground，and the crops can’t grow.
A．drying out B．drying off
C．drying up D．as dry as a bone
【答案】答案　C
解析　此处指太阳把大地晒干，故用dry up“干涸”。
47．differ from和……不同，不同于……
(1)They are sisters but they are ①different from (不同) each other in their habits and they also ②differ from (不同) each other in many ways.But that ③doesn’t make any difference (不受影响)．
【答案】①different from ②differ from ③doesn’t make any difference
(2)She always differs me how to spend the vacation.(2011·马鞍山模拟)
A．on；with B．with；on
C．at；with D．from；in
【答案】答案　B
解析　differ with sb.on...关于……和某人意见不同。
(3)Grades would from one or two，for outstanding or excellent，to six or seven，for poor or very poor.
A．suffer B．differ C．come D．range
【答案】答案　D
解析　range from...to...从……到……范围内变动。
48. defend...against/from...保卫……免受……
(1)Here we are well defended _________ a surprise attack.
(2) Hundreds of people gave their lives __________ (保护，辩护) freedom.
【答案】(1) against (2) in defence of
(3)The fortress (堡垒) is by its cannon， by its walls and guarded by sentries (哨兵)．
A．defended；defended
B．protected；protected
C．defended；protected
D．protected；defended
【答案】答案　C
解析　句意为：堡垒被大炮、城墙和哨兵保卫着。defend强调积极抵抗敌人；protect不含积极抵抗的含义。故选C项。
(4)Many people lost their lives the benefit of our country.
A．in defence B．in charge of
C．defend of D．in defence of
【答案】答案　D
解析　句意为：很多人为保护国家利益而失去了生命。in defence of保卫，保护。
49．drop out退出，不再参加；掉队；放弃；离去
(1)I thought I’d drop __________(拜访) you while I was passing.
(2) Don’t drop _________ (掉队) the others on the trail in case you get lost.
【答案】(1) in on (2) behind
(2)I dropped in her on my way home.
A．at B．for C．on D．to
【答案】答案　C
解析　drop in on sb.顺便拜访某人。
(3)Attendances at football matches have since the coming of television.
A．dropped in B．dropped back
C．dropped off D．dropped out
【答案】答案　C
解析　句意为：自从有了电视以后，到场看足球赛的人数减少了。
50. dress up盛装；打扮
(1) 用含dress的短语完成下列小片段
Women’s Day was coming.Anne decided to dress up for it，but she didn’t know what to dress up in.Finally，she was dressed in red.She even dressed up as a rich businesswoman. Dressed in red，Anne did look more beautiful than before.
【答案】dress up ; dress up in.; was dressed in ; dressed up as ; Dressed in
(2) in her best clothes，the girl tried to make herself at the party.
A．Dressed；noticed B．Dressing；to be noticed
C．Get dressed；noticed D．Dressing；noticing
【答案】答案　A
解析　句意为：穿着最好的衣服，这个小女孩试图使自己在晚会上被注意到。第一空为过去分词短语作状语；第二空为make oneself done“使自己被……”结构。
51. 独立主格结构
(1)___________________ (solve)，the quality has been improved.
(2) ______________，they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
(3)The boy went to the classroom，_________________________ (手里拿着书)．
(4)_________________，he didn’t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
【答案】(1)The problems solved
(2) The meeting over
(3) book in hand (a book in his hand/with a book in his hand
(4)The girl staring at him
(5)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts，the most recent at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
【答案】答案　B
解析　由于前后两部分之间无连词，故应用独立主格结构；由于动作已经发生，且和逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故选B项。
(6)The general situation in Libya，the visitors from other parts of the world will not dare to visit it.
A．to be disappointed B．disappointing
C．being disappointed D．to disappoint
【答案】答案　B
解析　考查“名词＋现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。句意为：利比亚总的形势令人失望，世界上其他地区的游客不敢去参观它。