英语 上海市长宁区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题 含答案

2021学年长宁区第一学期高三英语教学质量监测试卷

（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）

I. Listening Comprehension

Section A

Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

1. A.$10. B. $20. C. $25. D. $50.

2. A. Join a walking club. B. Find another lift.

C. Take the lift.  D. Walk upstairs.

3. A. He is sensitive.  B. He is rude.

C. He is determined.  D. He is frank.

4. A. Breakfast time.  B. Telephone service.

C. Room number.  D. Business hours.

5. A. Buy some food.  B. Attend to her father.

C. Go to a cafeteria.  D. Send her father to hospital.

6. A. He is looking for a new job. B. He is unwilling to work.

C. He has recently lost his job. D. He is a diligent person.

7. A. He has received several offers. B. He regrets turning down the offer.

C. He takes business trips frequently. D. He dislikes being away from home.

8. A. They are dissatisfied with it now. B. They are delighted at its French food.

C. They are glad to see its new manager. D. They are unhappy with the prices of its food.

9. A. They were not part of the campus. B. They are surrounded by trees.

C. They were rebuilt in the 1500s. D. They have a long history.

10. A. The man should be working on his project.

B. The man needs to relax at the weekend.

C. She is worried about her project.

D. She is uninterested in surfing.

Section B

Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

11.A. A special school.

B. An important decision.

C. A new education policy.

D. A typical teaching method.

12. A. Parents. B. Students. C. Kitchen staff. D. Cleaners.

13. A. It has no timetable at all.

B. Teachers give no homework.

C. It imposes its system onto students.

D. Students have their say in how to run it.

Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

14. A. People used the stoves less often.

B. Outdoor air pollution was not that serious.

C. Indoor air pollution was related to the way of cooking.

D. An increasing number of trees were cut down every year.

15. A. Taking advantage of greener energy.

B. Building a base in the Himalayas.

C. Depending on animal waste for fuel.

D. Finding land covered with forests.

16. A. It was resistant to water.

B. It was easy to pack and move.

C. It worked well on rainy days.

D. It looked like a pot or a pan.

Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

17. A. He is a collector.  B. He is an environmentalist.

C. He is studying China.  D. He is promoting animal protection.

18. A. For six years.  B. For seven years.

C. For thirty years.  D. For fifty years.

19. A. He has 500 of them.

B. He got them from second-hand shops.

C. He gave some of them to his friends.

D. He spared a room for them.

20. A. His friends requested him to start the club.

B. China elephants enjoy a relatively long history.

C. Little information about china elephants was available.

D. He wanted to keep in touch with other elephant lovers.

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Accenting Accents

To be a “slasher”, a person with multiple occupations, is a recent popular concept among young Chinese. However, Xu Kaifei （2）（do） this since 20 years ago.

Born and brought up in Haikou, Hainan Province in South China, Xu is a now new media journalist. But the 36-year-old, （22）______ stage-name is Jin’anzai, is better known as a rapper（说唱歌手）.

Xu’s high school years were filled with pop songs from Hong Kong, （23）______（write） in the Cantonese dialect, which is mostly spoken in south China, including Hong Kong. （24）______（listen） to them, he realized that few people used the Hainan dialect to write songs. In 2008, he wrote a rap song, Domldoml, meaning （25）______ to do in Hainanese.

“Hainanese is not a systematic language. It is difficult to rhyme（押韵） when rapping. But the artist wrote good words. Also, the genre（类型） of this song is advanced, many years ahead of today’s Hip Hop trend,” a music fan posted on Net Ease Cloud Music, a music platform set up by Internet technology giant Net Ease, commenting （26）______ Xu’s effort.

（27）______ Xu’s social media account has only about 26,000 followers, much less than famous pop stars’ accounts, he is still proud of his music because （28）______ records his hometown’s beautiful dialect. Over 80 percent of the population in Hainan speak Hainanese, according to the website of the Hainan Provincial Government. In 2019, over 9 million people （29）______（estimate） to live in Hainan.

Today, more and more songs and films are including dialects. It not only creates an artistic effect but also guides dialect speakers （30）______（rediscover） their language. Such artistic offerings can break geographical limitations and win the appreciation of people in other areas.

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Marvelous Mallorca

Located off the southern coast of Spain, the island of Mallorca is often praised as one of the jewels of the Mediterranean. As the Spanish royal family’s preferred summer vacation spot, Mallorca    31    charms visitors with its beautiful villages and mountains covered in orange and lemon trees.

Since it is a(n)    32    small island, Mallorca is best seen by bicycle. The Serra de Tramuntana Mountain range runs along the island’s north-western coast and covers nearly 30 percent of the island’s    33   , which makes it a cyclist’s dream.The    34    roads that cross the tall peaks and rocky cliffs provide some of the most challenging cycling on the island.

However, most of the island’s visitors come to see Mallorca’s splendid coast. Though there are several busy beach resorts built specifically for tourists, you’re better off    35    the 260 beaches around the island on your own. Along the south coast, you’ll find white sands and clear blue waters seemingly made just for diving. In the east, keep an eye out for hidden bays that    36    for peaceful swimming even in high season.

Although Mallorca’s beaches have been its main attraction for many years, more recently, visitors have begun to appreciate the island’s cultural attractions too. Many of Mallorea’s grand old houses and    37    farms are being turned into resorts where visitors can enjoy the relaxed lifestyle of the Mallorcan countryside.

Palma, Mallorca’s lively capital, is also home to many museums, historic buildings, and galleries. Here you’ll be able to    38    paintings by great Spanish master such as Picasso, Dali, and Miro, whose former house in the city’s western district is open to visitors.

As the day    39    down, spend an evening enjoying a freshly caught supper in one of Palma’s oceanfront restaurants while taking in a beautiful Mallorcan sunset. What better way to wrap up your Spanish    40   ?

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Hugely ambitious in scope, The Lord of the Rings occupies an uncomfortable position in 20th century literature. This book of J.R.R.Tolkien’s poses a challenge to modern literature and its defenders. (Tolkien on his 41: “Some who have read the book, or at any rate have reviewed it, have found it boring, ridiculous, or annoying; and I have no cause to complain, since I have similar opinions of their works, or of the kinds of writing that they evidently    42   .”) Yet The Lord of the Rings has enjoyed massive and enduring popularity. It would seem that Tolkien’s work supplied something that was    43    among the formal innovations of 20th century fiction, something for which readers were hungry. But what was it, and why was it important?

It seems that the key point lies in Tolkien’s wholehearted rejection of modernity and modernism. This is what so powerfully    44    some readers, and just as powerfully drives away others. In his book J.R.R.Tolkien: Author of the Century, T.A. Shippey expands on this idea by arguing that Tolkien saw his story of Middle-earth not as fiction or invention, but as the    45    of something genuine that had become buried beneath the fairy tale and nursery rhythm.

“However fanciful Tolkien’s creation of Middle earth was,” Shippey writes, “he did not think that he was entirely    46   . He was ‘reconstructing’, he was harmonizing conflicts in his source-texts, sometimes he was supplying entirely new concepts, but he was also reaching back to an imaginative world which he believed had once really    47   , at least in a collective imagination.”

The book is also deeply grounded in Tolkien’s linguistic expertise （语言专长） —he    48    whole languages for his characters. Sometimes he became so absorbed in the creation of languages, in fact, that he    49    the story itself for months or years at a time, believing he could not continue until some inconsistency（不一致）in his invented world had been resolved. But Tolkien’s great intellect and knowledge is not the source of his    50   ; without his storytelling gift, The Lord of the Rings would be little more than a curiosity. And this gift seems to originate straight from his    51    to break from classical and traditional forms.

Tolkien himself often spoke of his work as something ‘found’ or ‘discovered’, something whose existence was    52    of him. It’s wise to be careful with this sort of interpretation, but it seems    53    that he believed his work to be something given, something revealed, which contained a kind of truth beyond measure.    54   , his details have the weight of reality, and because of this his great sweep of story feels real as well; you might say that his    55    castles are built with a certain amount of genuine stone.

41. A. books B. critics C. readers D. ambitions

42. A. dislike B. challenge C. review D. prefer

43. A. common B. possible C. missing D. funny

44.A. annoys B. influences C. attracts D. concerns

45. A. recovery B. designing C. analysis D. questioning

46. A. taking it down B. making it up C. turning it down D. looking it up

47. A. remained B. struck C. moved D. existed

48. A. spoke B. invented C. neglected D. recalled

49. A. put aside B. set up C. look into  D. get along

50.A. style B. tension C. success D. tradition

51. A. decision B. request C. struggle D. refusal

52. A. representative B. independent C. conscious D. thoughtful

53. A. clear B. weird C. unfair D. pitiful

54. A. As a result B. On the contrary C. Even so D. What’s worse

55.A. ancient B. broken C. imaginary D. foreign

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

（A）

It was one of the most destructive days in the history of our planet, and now we know how it played out. Scientists have pieced together the first day of the dinosaurs’ extinction, by drilling into the crater （火山口） that formed from the asteroid （小行星） that caused their downfall.

The asteroid, which led to the extinction of all dinosaurs that can’t fly, crashed into the Gulf of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula some 66 million years ago. In 2016, a scientific drilling project by the International Ocean Discovery Program got rocks from the impact site, which has been underwater for a long time. Now, scientists have analysed these rocks to travel back in time to that particular day itself.

“It’s an expanded record of events that we were able to recover from within ground zero,” said Dr Sean Gulick, a geophysicist at the University of Texas at Austin and leader of this study. “It tells us about impact processes from an eyewitness location.”

In just 24 hours following the impact, a layer of material 130m thick was deposited. This include charcoal, which provides evidence for the intense wildfires that are thought to have been caused by the crash.

Meanwhile, the impact also led to a huge tsunami, an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake, as evidenced by layers of rocks and sand in the core samples, which appear to have  been deposited by flooding waters.

One thing conspicuously missing from the samples, though, is the element of sulphur （硫磺）. Although the surrounding area is full of sulphur-rich rocks, the crater is unusually sulphur-free. This supports the idea that the asteroid impact instantly vaporised sulphurous rocks, releasing the sulphur into the atmosphere, where it remained and reflected away the Sun’s light, cooling the Earth’s climate.

Although the impact had destructive effects on a regional level, it’s this large-scale global cooling that’s thought to be behind the dinosaurs’ eventual extinction, as well as that of countless other plant and animal species.

“The real killer has got to be atmospheric,” said Gulick. “The only, way you get a global mass extinction like this is an atmospheric effect.”

56. Dr Sean Gulick is quoted in paragraph 3 in order to ______.

A. stress the impact of the crash

B. illustrate the significance of their study

C. explain what they did in their study

D. state the reason for dinosaurs’ death

57. The word “conspicuously” （in paragraph 6） is closest in meaning to“______”.

A. obviously B. restlessly C. occasionally D. potentially

58. Which of the following is a cause of the dramatic drop in temperature mentioned in the passage?

A. The tsunami.

B. The wildfires.

C. The vapourised sulphur.

D. The deposit of rocks.

59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Touching on the dinosaur’s time

B. Drilling into the day the dinosaurs died

C. Why we need to study the atmospheric effect

D. What we should know about the history of our planet

（B）

What Are the Limits of Human Endurance?

Paragraph 1:______

When it comes to running, how far and how fast you can go is determined by a number of physical factors, including your VO2 max (the volume of oxygen you can pump round your body) and your lactate （乳酸盐） threshold, which is the point at which your body produces more lactate than it can break down （a build-up of this chemical makes you run less efficiently）. Some of this is genetic, some of it comes from training. But in recent years, sports scientists have also come to recognise the importance of mental strength. The longer you run, the more important a well-thought-out mental strategy is. Common strategies for coping with pain include motivational self talk and distraction techniques to help block negative thoughts.

Paragraph 2:______

Thirty years ago, scientists calculated that the fastest possible marathon, in perfect conditions and with the perfect athlete, would be 1 hour 58 minutes. And we’re getting close. This September, Kenyan long-distance runner Eliud Kipchoge set a new world record of 2:01:39 at the Berlin Maraton—a race ideally suited to fast times because of its flat course, few corners, and typically good weather conditions. Sports physiologists think that the two-hour limit could be broken in the next few decades, as a bigger talent pool of runners, plus advances in training technology, create ever more ideal combinations of athlete and running conditions.

Paragraph 3:______

Long-distance running stresses the body; recent research from the University of the Peloponnese in Greece found that post-race levels of inflammation（炎症） in the blood of ultra endurance runners （those who run races longer than a marathon） showed similar descriptions to people with cancer or cirrhosis. However, over the next few days, the runners’ levels returned to normal, suggesting that they have a remarkable ability to recover after an extreme workout. Good training is partly about helping you know when, for instance, you’ve crossed the line from ‘good pain’ into ‘bad pain’.

60. Match each paragraph with one of the following questions, and then make the choice.

①Is endurance in the mind or in the muscles?

②Is endurance running bad for you?

③Will endurance running become a hit?

④Will anyone ever run a two-hour marathon?

A. Paragraph l:①; Paragraph2:②; Paragraph3:③

B. Paragraph 1:④; Paragraph 2:①; Paragraph3:②

C. Paragraph 1:④; Paragraph 2:②; Paragraph3:③

D. Paragraph 1:①; Paragraph2:④; Paragraph3:②

61. According to the research, how can distraction techniques help long distance runners?

A. By raising their VO2 max.

B. By helping them concentrate.

C. By lowering their lactate threshold.

D. By preventing them feeling discouraged.

62. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Good training can help you find out your limits.

B. The world marathon record is 1 hour 58 minutes.

C. Marathon training technology hasn’t changed a lot.

D. Long distance running causes lasting harm to our health.

（C）

It seems difficult to explain the persistent success of scientific theories at describing nature. I explore this challenge in my book, What Science Is and How It Really Works. If the history of science teaches us anything, it is that the ability of a theory to predict unobserved phenomena and lead to amazing new technologies is no proof that said theory is “true”.

For example, Isaac Newton’s mechanics enabled surprisingly accurate predictions of other astronomical phenomena, such as Halley’s comet （哈雷彗星） arriving later than normal in 1759 due to the gravitational effects of passing close to Jupiter. Even more impressive, in the early 1800s when astronomers determined that the orbit （轨道） of Uranus failed to match Newtonian predictions, they concluded that Newton’s theory was not wrong; rather, the existence of a previously unobserved planet was proposed and was later found exactly where it was expected to be （and named Neptune）.

Such successes of the scientific revolution were so impressive that philosophers developed whole new theories of knowledge to try to explain how scientists appeared to have used observation and reason to discover fundamental truths. In doing so, scientists attempted to dismiss what logicians have known for long: that no amount of correctly predicted effects can prove a supposed cause.

But don’t the successes of Newtonian mechanics prove that the laws Newton proposed must really be true? Otherwise how could the theory have picked a single spot in the vast expanse of the universe and found exactly where Neptune was?

Things do not always work out this way, however. In 1859, astronomers determined that the orbit of Mercury was not behaving, over time, as Newtonian mechanics predicted. So another new planet （named Vulcan） was proposed. Unlike the prediction of Neptune’s existence, this supposition did not pan out; rather, Newtonian mechanics was an incorrect theory in this context. A different scientific theory- Einstein’s theory of relativity—was required to later explain Mercury’s movement.

So, what really helps credibility more? To insist that we know that atoms, black holes, and dark matter are real because of how many observations we can explain and predictions we can make by supposing their existence? Or to simply admit that science cannot support a claim of absolute truth regarding the abstract, unobserved scientific objects and laws that are proposed to govern this world?

One could argue that if scientists don’t bang the gong （锣） of “truth”, then it may only quicken the dismissal of science as just another opinion. However, I would argue that this position does not give the intended audience enough credit, and that claiming absolute truth does more harm than good, not only for the interaction of science with the public, but for the practice of science. If data are important to the sciences, then let us accept the historical data on science itself.

63. Which of the following did the laws of Newton fail to provide accurate predictions for?

A. The planet of Mercury varied in its composition.

B. Halley’s comet arrived later than normal in 1759.

C. Neptune was located where it was expected to be.

D. The Sun had another planet named Vulcan.

64. Why does the writer mention logicians in paragraph 3?

A. To introduce another way of scientific thinking.

B. To imply what mistake scientists may have made.

C. To make a comparison between logicians and scientists.

D. To help explain the cause and effect of certain phenomena.

65. The phrase “pan out”（in paragraph 5） most probably means ______.

A. appear B. be divided C. shrink D. be proved

66. Which of the following statements is the writer most likely to agree with?

A. Only by enough observations can a theory be proved true.

B. Never can we rule out the possibility that a theory is wrong.

C. Einstein’s theory of relativity works better than any other theory in astronomy.

D. Newtonian mechanics doesn’t fit today s context because it was established long ago.

Section C

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences ; given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Trading Ages

It took five hours every morning to make Karoline and Nick look like elderly people in their seventies. They were given a synthetic wrinkled skin, false teeth. and false hair. They also wore body suits to make them look fatter and contact lenses to make their eyes look older. The discomfort of the makeup, the heavy suits, and the contact lenses （which made their eyesight worse） gave them a small taste of the physical problems of old age. They were also coached to walk and speak like people in their seventies.    67   . There was a video diary to record their experiences and hidden cameras to record how other people reacted to them.

   68    Karoline was astonished to be ignored by some workmen, who only hours before had been whistling at her when she had been an attractive young woman. Nick said, “I learned that how people treat you depends on what you look like.” On one occasion a bus driver treated him very rudely when he tried to pay his fare with a large bill. “I was amazed. He wouldn’t have talked like that to my young self.”

There is a point in the documentary when Karoline breaks down and cries. It comes at the end of a day out with her two new senior citizen friends, Betty and Sylvia. It is partly because she feels guilty that she is tricking them, but mainly because she realizes that they are individuals, and not just members of what she had previously thought of as “the elderly.” “They were talking about real things and I felt unqualified. They had been through so much.    69   . It was as if I was seeing the young people inside them. Before I would have just seen the wrinkles.”

   70    Nick said, “I’d never thought about getting old before.” Karoline said, “The whole experience of living as an old person helped me to understand them far better and also to understand myself. I felt in a way that they were just young people in an old body trying to deal with the problems of old age. I’m not ready to be 73, but I’m not scared like I was.”

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

Brainpower: Use It or Lose It?

Where brainpower is concerned, the old rule of ‘use it, or lose it’ holds true from the start. Babies who receive love and encouragement from their parents develop the neural （神经的） connections they need to get on in life. But what happens to those who fail to get this support?

It would be comforting to believe that such children escape long term damage by being too young to speak, or know any different, but the evidence suggests otherwise.

At a recent meeting of the Royal Society of Medicine, the participants were shown slides taken with a powerful scanner comparing the brains of ‘normal’ three-year-old with those who had been raised in poverty or in orphanages. The work was done by Bruce Perry of the Child Trauma Academy in Houston, Texas. The scans showed that the frontal-temporal areas of the brain, those responsible for personality and enabling a person to display and regulate emotions, showed little activity.

For years it has long been known to scientists that animals brought up in enriched environment have larger and more complex brains than animals that grow up in disadvantaged situations, so experts like Perry assumed that the same would hold true for humans. However, it is only now, thanks to powerful scanners that allow this theory to be put to the test, that the damage is clearly visible. Perry explains the reason for the abnormality is that the brain develops in a ‘use-dependent’ way, growing, organising and working according to experience. With the right stimulation, the brain makes the connections it needs. Without it, synapses （突触）, junctions between the neurons used to transport the brain’s messages, actually dissolve. “Negative experiences play a vital role in organising the neural system in the developing brain,” says Perry; in other words, ill-treatment in infancy leads to faulty wiring in the brain.

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.有时候孩子们的想法很值得考虑。（worth）

73.顾客们打电话来询问商店开门营业的时间。（inquire）

74.这不是员工认同的方法，也不是长久之计。（Neither…nor）

75.为了让运动员睡得安心，释放比赛的紧张压力，冬奥村为他们提供了可在四种模式之间转换的床。（In order）

VI. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“Advice Column”上看到如下一则信息。给这位署名为“Worried”的读者写一封邮件，针对他的问题提出建议，内容须包括：

1）你的建议

2）你的理由

（信的开头已经为你写好。）

答案

I.Listening Comprehension

1.A2.C3.D4.A 5.B6.B7.D8.A9.D10.A

1l.A12.B13.D14.C 15.A16.B17.A18.C19.D20.C

Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary

21.has been doing 22.whose 23.written 24.Listening 25.what

26.on 27.Although/Though/While 28.it 29.were estimated 30.to rediscover

31.F 32.133.J34.E35.G36.C37.A38.D39.K40.B

IⅢ. Reading Comprehension

41.B42.D43.C44.C45.A 46.B47.D48.B49.A 50.C

51.D52.B53.A54.A55.C56.B57.A58.C59.B60.D

61.D62.A63.D64.B65.D 66.B67.E68.D 69.A70.C

Ⅳ. Summary

Research finds that children growing up without emotional support suffer from long-term brain damage. Scientists have known that animals brought up in unfavorable situations have relatively small and simple brains. Now, owing to scanners, experts have confirmed that the principle fits the growth of human children because synapses disappear without proper stimulation.(52 words)

V. Translation

72. Sometimes, children's ideas are well worth considering.

73. Customers called to inquire about the opening hours of the store.

74. Neither is this a way that the employees recognize nor a long-term solution.....

75. In order for the athletes to sleep at ease and release their tension of he competition, the Winter Olympic village provides them with beds that can switch between four modes.