2020-2021学年必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes教案设计

这是一份2020-2021学年必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes教案设计，共9页。
I. Type f writing and summary f the main idea
II. A text structure analysis
Read the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”, and then cmplete the fllwing chart.
III. A retld versin f the text
One pssible versin
Strange things happened in Tang Shan. Fr three days the water in the village wells rse and fell. The well walls had deep cracks and a smelly gas came ut the cracks. The chickens, pigs and mice were t nervus. Fish jumped ut f bwls and pnds. Bright light appeared in the sky. Peple heard the sund f planes even when n planes were in the sky. The water pipes in sme buildings cracked and burst.
At 3:42 am everything began t shake. It seemed that the wrld was at the end! One-third f the natin felt it. A huge crack cut acrss the city. In fifteen terrible secnds a large city lay in ruins. Tw-thirds f the peple died r were injured. Nearly everything was destryed in the city. 75% f its factries and 90% f its hmes were gne. Then later that afternn, anther big earthquake shk Tangshan. Peple began t wnder hw lng the disaster wuld last.
But all hpe was nt lst. The army sent 150,000 sldiers t help them. Wrkers built shelters fr survivrs. Slwly, the city began t breathe again.
Sectin 2: Backgrund infrmatin n EARTHQUAKES
I. Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng (张衡) (78AD—139AD) was an astrnmer, mathematician, artist and literary schlar（文学学者）in the Eastern Han Dynasty f China.
Brn in tday’s Nangyang Cunty, Henan, he was a gd writer at age 12. At the age f 16, he left hme t pursue(从事) his studying the capital city. He spent at least 10 years f his yuth in literary studies and writing. He published several well-recgnized literary writings. He switched t(转向) astrnmy after age 30.
In the year 123 he crrected the calendar t bring it int line with the seasns.
In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismgraph(地震仪) fr measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape f a cylinder(圆柱体) with eight dragn heads arund the tp, each with a ball in its muth. Arund the bttm were eight frgs, each directly under a dragn head. When an earthquake ccurred, a ball fell ut f the dragn’s muth int a frg’s muth, making a nise. He als invented the dmeter(里程表)
Zhang Heng was the first persn in China t cnstruct a rtating celestial glbe.
In ne f his publicatins he als prpsed π= 730/232 (r abut 3.1466) .
II. Earthquake Survival Tips
Wuld yu knw what t d during a really big earthquake? Experts have lked int matter carefully. It may be wrth yu while t lk ver the fllwing tips they have fr us.
If the grund begins shaking while yu are driving, pull ver and stay in yur car. If yu are in a building, try t get near a strng wall. The crner f the rm r the space under a big drway is the safest. As sn as the quake is ver, check the gas pipe in the building. Gas fires ften result frm earthquakes. These tips may prve t be lifesavers. We shuld, therefre, keep them in mind. Remember t always hpe fr the best but prepare fr the wrst.
Escape in the Schl
If it has an earthquake when having classes, the students shuld listen t the teacher’s instructin, prtect their heads and hide under the desks.
If it has an earthquake when the students are in the sprts grund, they can cruch n the spt and prtect their heads with hands. Be sure t keep away with high building and dangerus bjects.
Dn’t g back t the classrm.
Retreat in rder after the earthquake.
Escape in Public Places
Listen t the cmmand f the site wrkers. Dn’t be scared and dn’t rush twards the exits. Try t avid crwds. Avid t be squeezed t the wall r barriers.
At theaters and gyms: cruch dwn r slip under the chairs; avid suspending lights and electric fans; prtect the head with schlbags; after the earthquake, listen t the cmmand f the wrkers, retreat in an rganized way.
In department stres, bkstres, museums r subway: find firm cunters, cmmdities (lw furniture etc.) r a pillar, r the crner f a wall t cruch dwn n the spt, prtect the heads with hands r ther bjects; keep away frm glass windws, glass cunters r shw cunters; keep away frm tall cupbards; keep away frm advertisement bards and ther suspending bjects.
On buses r trlley buses: Grasp the handles t avid being injured; lwer the center f gravity; hide near the seats; get ff after the earthquake passed.
Sectin3: Wrds and expressins
I. Wrds fr reading
1. imagine vt. frm a picture f in the mind；think f (sth.) as prbable：想象；认为（某事）可能发生或存在。宾语为名词、代词、动名词、从句。宾语从句为否定意义时，要用否定转移，与think, believe, suppse, expect用法相同，成为I/ We dn’t imagine…,意为“我（们）认为……不……如：We can imagine her sadness.我们可以想象她的悲伤。I didn’t imagine (my) becming a teacher in my childhd.在童年时代，我并未想象能成为一名教师。Can yu imagine hw much I was surprised t hear the news?你能想象我听见这个消息有多惊讶吗？I dn’t imagine s. = I imagine nt.我认为不是这样。
cf. imagine, guess, suppse
imagine意为“想象，幻想”，指在脑海中形成一个清晰明确的印象，或认为某事物可能发生或存在;
guess： frm an pinin, give an answer, make a statement, based n suppsitin, nt n careful thught, calculatin, r definite knwledge: “猜测，臆测”，指未知道前的猜测;
suppse: let it be thugh that; take it as a fact that:认定，假定； guess; think: “想象，推测”，意指“假定或假设中的情形”。
2. cf. shake, tremble
shake: mve, be mved, quickly r vilently up and dwn, frwards and backwards: 最普通用词，可指人或物 “摇动，发抖”。指人时常用于感情激动、寒冷、惧怕引起的身体颤动。在表示 “因……而颤抖”时，多用with。在表示 “使受震撼，使（信念等）动摇”，常用于be shaken by/with/at中。
tremble: shake invluntarily ( with fear, anger, cld, physical weakness, etc.) 颤栗,震颤,发抖(因恐惧,愤怒,寒冷,体弱等)，常常与shake相互替换，但指握手，摇头或捧腹大笑时用shake, tremble只用作不及物动词。如：The pr by was shaking with cld.这个孩子正冻的发抖。They were badly shaken by the news.他们对这个消息大为震惊。The hst shk hands with all the guests.主人跟所有的客人握手。Her vice was trembling with anger.她气的声音发抖。
3. cf. rise, raise
rise vi. ( f the sun, mn, stars, river, price, temperature, etc.) appear abve the hrizn:指自然“上升”，常用于日、月、云、霞、烟、水蒸气、物价、温度、河水、潮水及人的职位等：He rse frm his chair and began his speech.他从椅子上站起来开始了他的演说。Her temperature is still rising.他的体温还在上升。He has risen in rank.他已经升职了。
raise vt. 1. lift up; mve frm a lw(er) t a high(er) level; cause t rise: 外部的力量，“举起、提高”： The peple’s living standard has greatly been raised.人民的生活水平已大大的提高了。 2．grw r prduce (crps); breed (sheep, etc.); bring up a family: 饲养、种植”、养育、抚育： They can raise rice here.他们这儿能种水稻。
4. burst int / burst ut : send ut suddenly; break ut int; suddenly begin t ……
burst int + ding: She burst int tears. = She burst ut crying.她突然哭起来了。
burst ut + n.：All f them burst int laughter = All f them burst ut laughing.他们全都大笑起来了。
5. cf. destry, ruin, damage
destry: break t pieces; make useless; put an end t: 毁灭；摧毁；毁坏；破坏。表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁，使之无法复原，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏: All his hpes were destryed.他所有的希望都毁灭了。An atm bmb wuld destry a city. 一颗原子弹可以摧毁一座城市。
ruin: sth. which has decayed, been destryed, etc.:败坏，毁坏，崩溃的状态。 指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏: Smking ruined his health.吸烟毁了他的健康。She ruined his prspects.她毁了他的前途。
damage: harm r injury that causes lss f value: 损害；损毁（使失去价值）。一般指对物体或生命的局部损坏：Their huses were damaged by the enemy’s shellfire.他们的房屋被敌人的炮火击毁了。
6.cf. hurt, wund, injure
hurt: cause bdily injury r pain t; damage; pain ( a persn, his feeling): 使受伤；使疼痛；伤害； 使伤心。一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害，还可用作不及物动词，意为“疼痛、惹起痛苦”: What he said hurt me deeply.他说的话使我非常伤心。
wund: hurt r injury t the living tissue f the bdy, caused by cutting, shting, tearing, etc., esp. as the result f attack: 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤，尤指在战争中，战斗中受伤: He gt wunded in the fighting.他在战斗中受了伤。
injure: hurt; damage, esp. fr result f an accident;一般指由于意外或事故而受伤。如：He was badly injured in the accident.他在这次事故中受了重伤。Smking will injure yur health.吸烟会毁了你的健康。
7. cf. shck, astnish, surprise
shck vt./n: t cause usually unpleasant r angry surprise t (sb.): 震惊，打击，吃惊程度最大，后面常跟介词at/by构成词组be shcked at/by，表示“对……吃惊”，或接不定式表示原因，也可作名词，意为“震动，打击”: He was shcked by what yu said.他对你说的话感到震惊。He was shcked t knw his sn playing all day.他知道他的儿子整天玩大为震惊。The news gave me a great shck.这个消息给了我很大的打击。
astnish vt./n: surprise greatly. 语气比surprise要强，含有令人难以置信: I was astnished t see him in Tibet.在西藏见到他，真感到惊异。The news astnished everyne.这个消息使每个人都很震惊。
surprise vt./n: (feeling caused by) sth. sudden r unexpected: 最普通用词，意为“使惊讶，使吃惊”，含有“意想不到”之意。如： I was surprised t see the great changes in my hmetwn.看到家乡的巨大变化他惊讶不已。His failure didn’t cause much surprise (was nt a great surprise.)他的失败未引起很大的惊奇（并非很意外的事）。
II. Wrds fr using language
1.cngratulatin n 1）（with n）an expressin f jy fr sb.’ success, gd frtune, luck, etc. : 庆贺，祝贺，常用复述形式，并与介词n搭配，构成短语cngratulatins n sth. /ding …. 2）Cngratulatins ( n yur winning the races)！恭喜（你获得了胜利）！I ffered my cngratulatins n his success. 我对他的成功表示了祝贺。3）cngratulate v. (with n.) t speak t ( a persn) with praise and admiratin fr a happy event r sth. successfully dne: 意为“向某人表示祝贺，向某人道贺”，构成短语cngratulate sb. n sth. /dng…. cngratulate neself that结构中：We cngratulated him n having passed the examinatin.我们祝贺他通过了考试。He cngratulates himself n having chsen a gd wman t be his wife.他暗自庆幸自己挑选了一位贤惠的女子作妻子。
2. cf. especially, specially
especially: t an exceptinal degree; in particular: 特殊地，尤其，常用于正式文体中: This is a very cmmn wrd, especially in spken English.这是一个很普通的词，尤其在英语口语中。She likes the cuntry, especially in spring.她喜欢这个国家，尤其是春天。
specially: fr a particular purpse: 特别地，专门地，表示“为了特别的目的”：This cake was specially made fr yu. 这个蛋糕是专门为你做的。
3. cf. be knwn as, be knwn fr, be knwn t sb.
be knwn as作为……而闻名；be knwn fr以/因……而闻名；be knwn t sb.为……而熟悉。如：He was knwn as a excellent singer.他作为一名优秀的歌手而闻名。The city is knwn fr its lng histry.这座城市以它的悠久的历史闻名。 He is knwn t the plice as a thief. 警察都知道他是个小偷。
III. Explanatin f difficult sentences
1. It seemed that the wrld was at an end.似乎世界末日来临。
seem连系动词，似乎，好象
1）seem + (t be ) + adj./n.
2）seem + t d
3）seem + like + n.
4）It seems/seemed (t sb.) + that-clause如：Our English teacher seems t be a kind man. He seems t knw everything = It seems that he knws everything. It seems like years since we last met. It seems that I have seen her befre. = I seem t have seen her befre.
2. Everywhere they lked nearly everything was destryed.人们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。
everywhere 用作连词，等于wherever, n matter where，引起让步状语从句。如：Everywhere I g, I find the same thing.无论我去哪儿，我都看到一样的东西。Yu see it everywhere yu lk.无论你往哪儿看，你都会看到它。
3. …90% f its hmes were gne.90%的家都不存在了。
是过去分词作表语，意为“不在”“走了”“丢了”“用完了”，或指人“死了”。分数、百分数作主语，谓语动词要根据分数、百分数代表的量是可数名词还是不可数名词而定。如：His jb was gne.他的工作丢了。My watch was gne.我的表不见了。He’ll be gne fr quite a little while.他要离开很长一段时间。50% f the students in ur class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。Tw-thirds f the earth surface is cvered with water.地球表面的三分之二是水。
4. The army rganized teams t dig ut thse wh were trapped and t bury the dead.救援人员组成小分队，将被困的人挖出来，将死者掩埋。
thse wh相当于意为“凡……的人”，表示的是两者以上的不定数量，wh引导的定语从句用复数，不能用that代替。（注意：anybdy wh, he wh中谓语动词用单数。）
the dead意为“死难者”。形容词或分词前加表示同一类人或物，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：Thse wh want t see the film write yur names n the paper.想看电影的人把你们的名字写在这张纸上。Anybdy wh breaks the law will be punished.任何人犯法都要受到惩罚。He wh laughs last laughs best.谁笑在最后，谁笑的最好。The rich are nt always happy.有钱人并不总是幸福的。
5. T the nrth f the city, mst f the 10,000 miners were rescued frm the cal mines. 在城市的北部，一万矿工中的大多数从矿井中被救出。
in the nrth, t the nrth与n the nrth
in表示“在其中”，在境界内；t表示在境外，不接壤；n表示接壤。如：China lies in the east f Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。Japan lies t the east f China.日本位于中国的东面。（指在中国境外）China faces the Pacific n the east.中国东临太平洋。（指东部境界与太平洋相接）
Type f writing
This is a piece f descriptive writing
Main idea f the passage
The article describes the cause, the curse and the
result f Tang Shan earthquake in 1976. It
shws us the terrible image f earthquake. At the
same time it hits us that we must realize that
we can d smething t minimize the damage
caused by earthquake.
Tpic sentence f 1st paragraph
Strange things were happening in the cuntryside in
nrtheast Hebei.
Tpic sentence f 2nd paragraph
Everything began t shake and it seemed that the
wrld was at an end.
Tpic sentence f 3rd paragraph
Everywhere they lked nearly everything was
destryed.
Tpic sentence f 4th paragraph
All hpe was nt lst.
Time/ rder
What happened
Result
three days befre the earthquake
at abut 3:00 am
Saw: cracks
water in the wells--- rse and fell,[来源:
animals--- t nervus , hide
fish jumped ut f bwls & pnds
bright light in the sky
water pipes---cracked and burst
heard: sund f planes
smelt: smelly gas in the cracks f the wells
Peple thught little f the
events and went t bed
as usual
at 3:42 am
felt: everything shk
ne-third natin felt it
heard in Beijing 100 kilmeters away
a huge crack cut acrss huses,
rads…
saw: steam burst frm hles in the grund
hard hills f rck-rivers f dirt
city lay in ruins

4 400,000 peple
killed/injured
75% factries
90% hme were gne
bricks cvered
dams/bridges fell
nt safe railway tracks
useless
cws never milk
pigs/chickens died
wells filled with sand
rescue wrkers and dctrs trapped under the ruins
buildings fell dwn
water/fd/electricity
hard t get
after that
hpe nt lst
army sent 150,000 sldiers
wrkers built shelters fr survivrs
fresh water was taken t the city
the city began t breathe again[来源: