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专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版
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这是一份专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版，共36页。
专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
2．（2021·天津卷）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
3. （2021·全国甲卷语法填空）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
…….
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】41.was built 46.hired
【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
4. （2021·全国甲卷短文改错） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
5. （2021·全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
6. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
…….
When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted
【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标II卷）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
4．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
5．（2020·新课标III卷） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
6.（2020·浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
7.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
8.（2020·浙江卷）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
9.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
10.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
11．（2020·天津卷）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
12．（2020·天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
13.（2020·江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
14.（2020·江苏卷）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷】I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III卷】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III卷】On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·江苏】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
8.【2018·新课标卷I】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
3.【2017·江苏卷】He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
4.【2017·北京卷】 People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
5.【2017·北京卷】 In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
6.【2017·北京卷】—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called
C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。
7.【2017· 江苏】The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
8.【2017·天津卷】 Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
2.【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
3.【2016·北京】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。
4.【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
5.【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。
6.【2016·江苏】Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D项正确。
7.【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
8.【2016·浙江】Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒浙江) Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
2.(2015﹒天津)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement____so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。
3.(2015﹒天津)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。
4.(2015﹒四川)More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
5.(2015﹒陕西)At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。
6.(2015﹒陕西) Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
7.(2015﹒福建)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.
A. Wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查现在完成进行时。根据句意:--彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。--他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在,所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一-时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选C
8.(2015﹒福建)To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。
9.(2015﹒江苏)The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
10.(2015﹒安徽)It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。
11.(2015﹒安徽)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
12.(2015﹒湖南)He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C
【解析】过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时，故选C
13.(2015﹒湖南)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ____, "What do you wish me to do now?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【答案】D
【解析】一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D
14.(2015﹒湖南)As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
15.(2015﹒湖南)That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will?
A. didn't B. don't C.weren't D.haven't
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据主句中another person will可知，此处隐含将来的动作，但是条件状语从句中通常用现在时表示将来的动作。故选B。句意:这就是我为什么为别人的生活增添乐趣。如果你不这样做的话，天知道还会有谁做。
16.(2015﹒湖南)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C.hold back D.was held back
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hold与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。
17.(2015﹒北京)---Did you enjoy the party?
---Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
18.(2015﹒北京)in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
19.(2015﹒北京)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?
—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:一你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?一 不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。故选B。
20.(2015﹒北京)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
21.(2015﹒重庆)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【解析】句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
22.(2015﹒重庆)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为“从那以后”，这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。
2.(2014﹒福建)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and ________ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
A.stayed B.stay
C.had stayed D.am staying
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“很久没有见到你了！你去哪里了？”“我去了宁夏，在那里支教了一年。”根据句意可知，stay的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
3.(2014﹒湖南)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.
A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try
【答案】B
【解析】句意：自人类开始园艺的时期起，我们就一直努力把我们的环境变得更加美好。根据since的提示可知用现在完成时，再根据语境可知，动作try从过去一直持续到现在，而且还要继续进行下去，因此用现在完成进行时。
4.(2014﹒湖南)Whenever you________a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
【答案】D
【解析】句意：不管何时买礼物，你都应该从礼物接收者的角度加以考虑。 根据主句中的情态动词可知“买”这一动作发生在将来，但是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，不能用一般将来时，而要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故选D。
5.(2014﹒江苏)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你对于即将在南京召开的青奥会知道多少？”“哦，媒体已经以多种多样的形式对其进行了报道。”根据语境可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。
6.(2014﹒江西)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
— I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？”“我在过去的五分钟内一直在剁辣椒。”根据for the last five minutes可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C项，误以为动作是在“过去的过去”发生的。此句是指过去所做的事对现在的影响。
7.(2014﹒山东)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we________.
A.will expect B.are expecting C.expect D.had expected
【答案】D
【解析】句意：手写所有的请帖要比我们之前预想的更加耗时。根据句意可知，expect动作发生在was之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选D。
8.(2014﹒山东)They made up their mind that they____ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
A.bought B.would buy C.have bought D.had bought
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们下定决心一旦拉里换了工作他们就会买一所新房子。that引导的从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致，主句用的是一般过去时，再由语境判断从句用过去将来时。故选B。
9.(2014﹒陕西)During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____.
A. would recommend B. had recommended
C. have recommended D. were recommending
【答案】B
【解析】所填词动作发生在tried…foods这一动作之前，即表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选B。
10.(2014﹒四川)She ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned
【答案】C
【解析】根据后一分句“我”只向她点了下头可知她正在打电话，故使用过去进行时。句意：她正在和某人打电话，所以我向她点了下头便走了。
11.(2014﹒天津)We won't start the work until all the preparations ________.
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。根据主句中的关键词won't start(不会开始)是一般将来时，可知until引导的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如无一般现在时，可用现在完成时代替一般将来时，强调从句动作的完成性。
12.(2014﹒浙江)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ________ most of the guests before.
A.has seen B.had seen C.saw D.would see
【答案】B
【解析】句意：索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔，她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。根据句意知，此处see的动作发生在过去的过去，同时由题眼before可知，该空应该用过去完成时态，故选B项。
13.(2014﹒重庆)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget
【答案】A
【解析】在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。故选A。
14.(2014﹒重庆)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came
【答案】B
【解析】该句中的didn't know与until连用决定了该空的时态是过去进行时，即“昨天才知道James要来”。
15.(2014﹒安徽)The twins, who ________ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A.will finish B.Finish C.have finished D.had finished
【答案】D
【解析】根据语境可知，完成作业是在were allowed之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。句意：已完成作业的双胞胎，被允许到操场上打羽毛球。故选D。
16.(2014﹒北京)—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ in an application form for a new job.
A.fill B.have filled
C.am filling D.will fill
【答案】C
【解析】根据上下文可知，回答人“正忙着”，所以是“正在填写申请表格”，用现在进行时，选C。
17.(2014﹒北京)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________ it for you.
A.check B.checked C.will check D.would check
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点，但是“将去核实一下”，应选一般将来时。故选C。
18.(2014﹒北京)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived.
A.started B.was starting C.would start D.had started
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意可知，“我”不能跟上演讲的原因是，“我”到达的时候演讲已经开始了。“到达”为一般过去时，表述过去的动作。“已经开始”表达过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选D。
19.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)Unless some extra money ________， the theatre will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
【2013年】
1.(2013﹒重庆)A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.
A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened
【答案】B
【解析】表示按照计划或时间表要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，排除选项C，D；open做公开演出讲时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除选项B。句意为《仲夏夜之梦》将于六月十九号在皇家剧院公演，然后在苏格兰各地巡回演出。
2.(2013﹒安徽)I’m calling about the apartment you ______ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise
【答案】A
【解析】此题的解题关键是句中的时间状语the other day，这个时间状语跟一般过去时态连用，没有例外。
3.(2013﹒北京)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made . B. was made C. has been made D. would be made
【答案】C
【解析】本题的解题关键是后面的时间状语over the past years，这种时间状态，通常都是跟现在完成时态连用的，因此锁定答案。
4.(2013﹒北京)--- Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?
--- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.
A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been
【答案】B
【解析】从句意看，是对将来情况的一种推测，故应该用一般将来时态。句意为— 你认为爸妈会晚到吗？— 不，瑞士航班总是准点。
5.(2013﹒北京)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ______ us.
A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect
【答案】B
【解析】既然是让人家快点，那别人就一定是正在等，因此锁定正确答案。句意为快点！Mark和Carol正在等我们呢。
6.(2013﹒北京)--- So what is the procedure?
--- All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】从语态看，申请者是被面试，排除选项A，B；从时态看，既然是程序，那就应该用一般现在时来表达，排除选项D。句意为—程序如何？ — 权威部门做出最终决定之前，所有的申请者都要接受面试。
7.(2013﹒福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】主语是单数，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，没必要用现在完成时，排除D。句意为这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。
8.(2013﹒福建)The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking
【答案】D
【解析】A是一般过去时，B是现在进行时，C是一般现在时，D是现在完成进行时over the last three years.常用于完成时，所以选D。句意为这个女孩很喜欢运动，在过去的三年时间一直坚持每周上两次羽毛球兴趣班。
9.(2013﹒湖南) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh，I________ president，” said the boy, with a smile.
A.have been B.am C.was D.will be
【答案】D
【解析】从题干want可判断出本题考查一般将来时。解题技巧：要善于在语境明确时态，如;want, intend, plan, mean, expect等表示计划打算的动词，隐含着将来意义。句意为“你长大了想干什么？”Crawford先生问道，男孩笑着说：“我想当总统。”
10.(2013﹒湖南) Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.
A.bothers B.had bothered
C.would bother D.bothered
【答案】A
【解析】从状语around two o’clock every night可判断出，本句要用一般现在时，will start表示现在的趋势而非将来时，故选择A。句意为每晚两点左右，他总是开始说梦话，多少总会打搅我们。
11.(2013﹒湖南) If nothing ________， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does B.had been done
C.will do D.is done
【答案】D
【解析】根据”主将从现”原则, if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，排除B、C；nothing做主语，和do构成动宾关系，排除A，选择D。句意为如果不采取措施，海洋将成为鱼类的沙漠（海洋鱼类资源面临枯竭）。
12.(2013﹒湖南)—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it ________the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A.would be B.is
C.has been D.will be
【答案】C
【解析】从上文have you heard判断是现在范畴的时态，for the last three days是现在完成时的标志词，故选择C。
13.(2013﹒湖南)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry, But I ________ my homework.
A.had done B.was doing
C.would do D.am doing
【答案】B
【解析】从didn’t you和yesterday afternoon都说明过去时态，故排除C、D，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，说明昨天下午正在做什么。
14.(2013﹒江苏) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构，主语为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据generally（一般说来），可见讲通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故选择A。句意为一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。
15.(2013﹒江苏)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure. I ______ a report at home.
A. will be writing B. will have written
C. have written D. have been writing
【答案】A
【解析】对话双方谈论同一话题，自然时间一致，时态也相互关联。本题中关键时间状语为tomorrow morning，所以回答时用将来进行时，表示“明天上午我将在家写报告”，用将来进行时。所以选A。句意为——明天上午我可以用你的汽车吗？ ——当然可以。那时候，我将在家写报告呢。
16.(2013﹒江苏) “Never for a second,” the boy says, “______ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt
【答案】D
【解析】当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。本题中，Never for a second置于句首，所以句子倒装，故先排除A，C。再根据已知时态would come to…，可知在讲发生过的事情，用过去时，故选D。句意为“没有一秒，”男孩说，“我怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”
17.(2013﹒江苏) —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.
A. had B. have C. would have D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】A是一般过去时；B是一般现在时；C是过去将来时；D是现在完成时。本题关键时间点就是yesterday，所以讲昨天的事情，故用一般过去时，选A。句意为——昨天的自驾游如何？——太累人了！道路正在拓宽，开起来真不容易！
18.(2013﹒江西) I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming
【答案】D
【解析】本题的题眼是that day和but.由that day可断定应该用过去的某种时态。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.现在进行时；D.过去进行时。排除A与C。根据but可知，“我打算来，但不得不打电话取消”，对于come、go、arrive等位置转移的动词可以用进行时表达将来意义。因此，答案是D.句意为尽管那天我打算来呢，我还是打电话取消了。
19.(2013﹒辽宁) He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _____ it for a very long time.
A. has had B. had had C. has D. had
【答案】B
【解析】A是现在完成时，B是过去完成时，C是一般现在时，D是一般过去时。根据本题中已知时态was和sold可知，讲的是发生在过去的事情，所以排除A，C。再根据时间状语for a very long time，可知要用完成时。而买吉他是在最终卖掉吉他之前，很明显是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。故选B。句意为他卖掉吉他的时候是很不开心的。毕竟，他已经拥有这把吉他很久了。
20.(2013﹒辽宁) At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
【答案】C
【解析】当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。at no time意为“绝不，在任何时候都不”，置于句首用部分倒装，故排除A，D。再根据已知时态was，可知讲的是过去的情况，所以选择C。句意为事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。
21.(2013﹒辽宁) We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved B. will be improved
C. is improved D. was improved
【答案】B
【解析】A. 是过去完成时 B. 是一般将来时 C. 是一般现在时 D.是一般过去时。根据已知时态we are confident，可以先排除A，D。再根据our further efforts，可确知讲将来的事情。所以用将来时。故选B。句意为我们非常有信心，在我们进一步减少污染的努力之下，环境将得到改善。
22.(2013﹒山东) I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. would
【答案】B
【解析】由语境中I didn’t think I’d like the movie一般过去时可知，我原以为我不会喜欢电影，后半句中but表转折可知：这个电影已经看过，还是不错的。故选B。A项has been为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响和结果；B项was为一般过去时，就是指上句提到的那部电影是不错的，符合句意；C项had been为过去完成时，它强调的是“过去的过去”，不符合本句的语言环境；D项would be为过去将来时，指的是过去的将来所要发生的事情，本题评价的是已经看完的电影的好坏。句意为我想我不喜欢这部电影，但事实上它是一部好电影。
23.(2013﹒山东) --- Oh no! We’re too late. The train _____.
----That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving
【答案】C
【解析】A项was leaving为过去进行时，指的是过去的某一时刻正在发生或进行的事；B项had left为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；C项has left为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响和结果，指的是火车已经开走了，赶不上这趟车了；而D项has been leaving为现在完成进行时，强调的动作的延续，说火车还在离开着，显然不合乎常理，而且leave也是一个非延续性动词，可排除D项。
24.(2013﹒陕西) On Monday mornings it usually ______ me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles
A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take
【答案】A
【解析】本题的关键词是usually以及让步状语从句中的谓语动词is，据此可以判断句子用一般现在时态。句意为每周一早上我通常花费一个小时开车去上班，尽管实际距离只有20英里。
25.(2013﹒陕西) Jim ______ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching
【答案】C
【解析】“某个动作正在进行，就在此时，另一个动作发生了”这种情况下，前一个动作用过去进行时，后一个动作用一般过去时。句意为深夜Jim正在家里看一个电影，就在一个恐怖镜头的当中，电视突然一片空白。
26.(2013﹒上海) Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ______ his key at school.
A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left
【答案】A
【解析】题干意思是：鲍伯打电话给他的妈妈说他不能进房子，因为他把钥匙忘在学校了。本句中的called标明动作发生在过去，而在电话之前忘记拿钥匙，所以应用had left表示过去的过去的动作。
27.(2013﹒上海) The school board is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs.
A. had been elected B. had elected
C. have been elected D. have elected
【答案】C
【解析】题干的意思是：“这个学校董事会是由已经当选，并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。
28.(2013﹒四川) Hurry up, kids! The school bus ________ for us!
A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting
【答案】D
【解析】既然让孩子们快点，那校车就一定是正在等，而不可能是过去在等，排除选项B和C；一般现在时表示经常发生的动作，显然不合适，排除选项A。句意为孩子们快点！校车在等我们！
29.(2013﹒天津) The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes.
A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing
【答案】D
【解析】had repaired为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；have repaired为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响；repaired为一般过去时，强调过去的某一时间发生的动作；are repairing为现在进行时，强调现在正在发生或进行的动作，符合句意，正在维修一条主管道成为了临时停水的原因。句意为水资源供应被临时切断是因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。
30.(2013﹒新课标卷II) We ______ very early so we packed the night before.
A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D. have left
【答案】C
【解析】were leaving 是用进行时态表示将要发生的动作，头天晚上就打包的原因就是第二天要早早出发，打包发生在过去，而出发是发生在将来。整个句子描述的是一个发生在过去的事情，排除选项A和D；如果用B，那就是打包之前已经出发了，语意不通，排除。句意为我们很早就要出发，所以头天晚上我们就打包了。
31.(2013﹒新课标卷I) If we _________ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted C. don’t act D. won’t act
【答案】C
【解析】A是过去完成时；B是现在完成时；C是一般现在时；D是一般将来时。if在句中作“如果”解，引导一个条件状语从句，但有可能是一个虚拟条件句，也可能是一个真实条件句。如果是虚拟条件句的话，题干中的now提示，这有可能是一个表示与现在事实相反的假设，这时if从句中的谓语动词用过去式acted，而选项中没有该形式，由此判断if引导一个真实条件句。在真实条件句中，谓语动词涉及到将来动作时，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，这样答案锁定B和C。题干中的now说明，保护环境这个动作发生在现在，所以用一般现在时，故最佳答案是C。句意为如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境，我们会遗憾一辈子。
32.(2013﹒新课标卷I) When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________ my mind.
A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change
【答案】 A
【解析】A是现在完成时；B是一般现在时；C是过去完成时；D是过去将来时。题干中的but提示，“我”第一次见布莱恩的时候不喜欢他，但现在喜欢他。显然说话人“改变主意”这一过去的动作对现在造成的影响是，“我”现在喜欢他，故用现在完成时，正确答案是A。一般现在时表示永久性的客观存在；过去完成时表示动作或状态发生在过去某一动作或时刻之前；过去将来时表示相对于过去某时而言还未发生的将来动作。
33.(2013﹒浙江) During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.
A was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
【答案】B
【解析】根据句首的during the last three decades这个时间状语，可以判断出后面句子应该用 现在完成时态。句意为过去三十年来，参加体育锻炼的人数增长了。
34.(2013﹒重庆)I felt very tired when I got home, and I ______ straight to bed.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone
【答案】B
【解析】整个句子描述的都是过去发生的事情，排除选项A，D；上床睡觉是在到家这个动作之后发生的，不能用过去完成时，排除选项C。句意为到家的时候我觉得很累，直接就上床睡觉了。
【2012年】
1.(2012﹒湖南)Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ____ later in life.
A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid
【答案】A
【解析】从don't可知语境为现在，排除B、D；而later in life可知为将来的动作，故选A。动词的时态 一般将来时态
2.(2012﹒重庆)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______.We must act immediately before there’s left.
A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out
【答案】B
【解析】分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。
3.(2012﹒重庆)---Kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong?
---Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】根据答语的后半句可知，现在Kevin正在等待测试的成绩，参加测试为一个过去的动作，应该使用一般过去时态。因此，正确答案为B选项。
4.(2012﹒辽宁)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday.
A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid
【答案】A
【解析】在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。
5.(2012﹒四川)—Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.
A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：“你听懂我所说的了吗？”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故选过去进行时态D。
6.(2012﹒四川)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____.
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
【答案】 A
【解析】句意为：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用被动语态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。
7.(2012﹒陕西)—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?
A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying
【答案】C
【解析】根据问句中的two o’clock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。
8.(2012﹒北京)By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting
【答案】C
【解析】by the time 后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。
9.(2012﹒北京）Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.
A. had developed B. was developing
C. would develop D. developed
【答案】D
【解析】描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。
10.(2012﹒全国卷II)The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told
【答案】C
【解析】现在完成进行时表示：过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意：经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停的告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。
11.(2012﹒全国卷II)---Did you ask Sophia for help?
---I ______ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.
A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：---（过去）你向Sophia寻求帮助了吗？---我没有必要向她求助。我自己就很完美的处理了。对话的内容谈论的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
12.(2012﹒全国新课标卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum
C. swam D. had swum
【答案】C
【解析】主句用过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前晕眩。
13.(2012﹒全国新课标卷)"Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”
A. has shown B. is showing
C. shows D. showed
【答案】C
【解析】此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”
14.(2012﹒山东)The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving
C. have left D. were leaving
【答案】D
【解析】此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里were leaving表示：过去要离开。句意：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。
15.(2012﹒山东)After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A. had started B. has started
C. started D. starts
【答案】C
【解析】根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。
16.(2012﹒福建)一 When did the computer crash?
一 This morning, while I the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted
【答案】B
【解析】首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除A、C两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，B项正确。
17.(2012﹒浙江)— Alvin, are you coming with us?
— I'd love to, but something unexpected .
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
【答案】A
【解析】 根据句意：---艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？---我想去，但是发生了点意外。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情到现在为止，且对现在造成了一定的影响，符合语境，故答案选Ａ.Ｂ，过去进行时，表示过去某段时间正在进行的的动作或所处的状态；Ｃ，过去完成时表示过去的过去；Ｄ，过去将来时表示过去将来要发生的事情，均不符合语境，故排除。
18.(2012﹒浙江)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _____ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon[
【答案】B
【解析】根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项（过去的过去），由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。
19.(2012﹒江苏)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he________.
A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选C项。
20.(2012﹒安徽)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept
【答案】A
【解析】首先把which 引导的非限制性定语从句删掉。三单否定B，同时也没有选择完成时的理由。
21.(2012﹒安徽)In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours.
A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing
【答案】D
【解析】后面的over the past five hours 意味着现在完成时，所以选择D。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”明显不正确。
22.(2012﹒江西)---Look! Somebody the sofa.
---Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned
【答案】C
【解析】句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.
专题16 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
【2021年】
1．（2021·天津卷）We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：今天上午我们做的工作够多的了，现在让我们休息一下吧。根据后半句“now let's take a break.”可知，做很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。故选A。
2．（2021·天津卷）Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故选D。
3. （2021·全国甲卷语法填空）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It ___41___ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
…….
We ___46___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
【答案】41.was built 46.hired
【解析】46.考查被动语态。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
47. 考查时态。句意：我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，根据上下文可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。
4. （2021·全国甲卷短文改错） They kept very much to themselves. In my opinion, whenever in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust most.
考查时态。句意：他们很自闭。结合前文可知，文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。故kept改为keep。
5. （2021·全国1卷语法填空）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【答案】 was
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
6. （2021·浙江卷语法填空）It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___36___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
…….
When the house was built, it was much smaller than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___40___ （paint）white.
【答案】36. has proved/has proven 40. was painted
【解析】36. 考查动词。句意：它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语动词，Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词；主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
40. 考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
【2020年】
1.（2020·新课标I卷）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【答案】touched
【解析】考查时态。句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时，故填touched。
2.（2020·新课标I卷）＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68． (construct) .＂
67.【答案】means
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。
68．【答案】is constructed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。
3．（2020·新课标II卷）Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, I have long been out of practice.
【答案】start→started
【解析】考查时态。句意：事实上，我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子，此处动词start讲述的是7岁的时候，动词应该用过去时。故将start改为started。
4．（2020·新课标III卷）The artist was sure he would63．(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
【答案】be chosen
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
5．（2020·新课标III卷） 65（When/As） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66． (point) down the river.
【答案】pointed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
6.（2020·浙江卷）And，as more children were born，more food 59．(need).
【答案】was needed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：随着越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。分析句子，逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间，所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
7.（2020·浙江卷）By about 6000 BC，people 61． (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
【答案】had discovered
【解析】考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到……为止”，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
8.（2020·浙江卷）New methods 65． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查时态。句意：新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子，主句部分无其他动词，故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时，根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
9.（2020·山东卷）The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38． (form) the core collection of the British Museum 39（which/that） opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如，汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词，根据时间状语in1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故填formed。
10.（2020·山东卷）The parts of a museum open to the public 40． (call) galleries or rooms.
【答案】are called
【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
11．（2020·天津卷）—You are a great swimmer.
—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.
A．have been practising B．was practising
C．would practise D．had practised
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你游泳很棒。——谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。
12．（2020·天津卷）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ______ around that level since.
A．are remaining B．have remained
C．is remaining D．has remained
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。综上，故选D。
13.（2020·江苏卷）If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution that ______ everyone.
A. suit B. suited C. suits D. has suited
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选C。
14.（2020·江苏卷）Instead of getting down to a new task as I _____, he examined the previous work again.
A. had expected B. have expected C. would expect D. expect
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他没有像我所期望的那样着手做新工作，而是又检查了一遍以前的工作。此处描述的动作发生在examined之前，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。故选A。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】 The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.【2019·江苏卷】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选B。
4.【2019·天津卷】I ______ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hoping
C. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.【2019·天津卷】Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6.【2019·新课标I卷】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
7.【2019·新课标II卷】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文had 以及said 可知用一般过去时态，故填declared。
8.【2019·新课标II卷】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years
【答案】are
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
9.【2019·新课标II卷】And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
【答案】And the other that I wanted to help people in need.
【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that…”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将is改为was。
10.【2019·新课标III卷】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
【答案】recommended。
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填recommended。
11.【2019·新课标III卷】On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars
【答案】were invited
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填were invited。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】 Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
3.【2018·北京】China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
4.【2018·北京】A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
5.【2018·天津】My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
6.【2018·江苏】 Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
7.【2018·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
8.【2018·新课标卷I】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，要用第三人称单数。故填is。
9.【2018·新课标卷I】During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
【答案】find改成found
【解析】考查动词时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事件发生在过去，故用一个过去时。故将find改成found。
9.【2018·新课标卷II】Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
10.【2018·新课标卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
11.【2018·新课标卷II】True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去时，所以用meant。
【2017年】
1.【2017·天津卷】I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth. + when…(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选A。
2.【2017·江苏卷】He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following
C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
3.【2017·江苏卷】He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified
C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for sth达标，获得参赛资格；由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。
4.【2017·北京卷】 People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.
A. will have B. have C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
5.【2017·北京卷】 In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
6.【2017·北京卷】—______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called
C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。
7.【2017· 江苏】The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
8.【2017·天津卷】 Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和D；由介词短语along with连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，排除C。故选B。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
2.【2016·北京】—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进行时，故选D。
3.【2016·北京】 I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。＂看小说＂这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选B。
4.【2016·北京】The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】题目考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，故选D。
5.【2016·江苏】More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are being made D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。本句的时间状语in the years ahead＂在将来的几年＂和一般将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B项正确。
6.【2016·江苏】Dashan, who_________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it upwith the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国传统的相声和西方的脱口秀结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D项正确。
7.【2016·天津】When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
8.【2016·浙江】Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A. had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是by+过去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒浙江) Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。
2.(2015﹒天津)Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement____so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A
【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。
3.(2015﹒天津)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选D。
4.(2015﹒四川)More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
5.(2015﹒陕西)At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。
6.(2015﹒陕西) Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
7.(2015﹒福建)—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since.
A. Wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:考查现在完成进行时。根据句意:--彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。--他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在,所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动作从某一-时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选C
8.(2015﹒福建)To my delight, I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故用一般过去式，故选A。
9.(2015﹒江苏)The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选A项。
10.(2015﹒安徽)It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。
11.(2015﹒安徽)Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
12.(2015﹒湖南)He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C
【解析】过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时，故选C
13.(2015﹒湖南)I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ____, "What do you wish me to do now?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【答案】D
【解析】一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。此题主句的时态为一般过去时，表示这个事情和动作发生在过去，故从句时态也要用一般过去时。句意：我不能隐藏我的渴望，当我问道，“你现在希望我做些什么？”故选D
14.(2015﹒湖南)As you go through this book, you ________ that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. found C. had found D. have found
【答案】A
【解析】一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现成千上万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。根据句意，判断主语的时态为一般将来时，故选A
15.(2015﹒湖南)That's why I help brighten people's days. If you ________， who's to say that another person will?
A. didn't B. don't C.weren't D.haven't
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据主句中another person will可知，此处隐含将来的动作，但是条件状语从句中通常用现在时表示将来的动作。故选B。句意:这就是我为什么为别人的生活增添乐趣。如果你不这样做的话，天知道还会有谁做。
16.(2015﹒湖南)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but ________ thankfully by the shop window.
A. am held back B. held back C.hold back D.was held back
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句中的had可知时态是一般过去时；hold与主语构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，故选D。句意：我极其渴望进到商店去玩那个玩具，但是幸亏被橱窗挡住了。
17.(2015﹒北京)---Did you enjoy the party?
---Yes,we___by our hosts.
A.were treated B.would be treated. C.treated D.had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
18.(2015﹒北京)in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
19.(2015﹒北京)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann' house?
—Not really.She___us clear directions and we were able to find it.easily?
A.was to give B.had given C.was giving D.would give
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析:句意:一你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?一 不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前的动作要采用过去完成时。故选B。
20.(2015﹒北京)—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
21.(2015﹒重庆)—Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【解析】句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
22.(2015﹒重庆)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会举行庆祝活动，故选D项。
【2014年】
1.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ them since.
A. sees B. saw C. has seen D. had seen
【答案】C
【解析】句意：那些报告2012年就丢失了，从那以后没有人见过它们。此题解题的关键词是后面的since，此处意为“从那以后”，这是现在完成时的标志。故选C。
2.(2014﹒福建)—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?
—I went to Ningxia and ________ there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
A.stayed B.stay
C.had stayed D.am staying
【答案】A
【解析】句意：“很久没有见到你了！你去哪里了？”“我去了宁夏，在那里支教了一年。”根据句意可知，stay的动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
3.(2014﹒湖南)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.
A. try B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try
【答案】B
【解析】句意：自人类开始园艺的时期起，我们就一直努力把我们的环境变得更加美好。根据since的提示可知用现在完成时，再根据语境可知，动作try从过去一直持续到现在，而且还要继续进行下去，因此用现在完成进行时。
4.(2014﹒湖南)Whenever you________a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A. bought B. have bought C. will buy D. buy
【答案】D
【解析】句意：不管何时买礼物，你都应该从礼物接收者的角度加以考虑。 根据主句中的情态动词可知“买”这一动作发生在将来，但是在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，不能用一般将来时，而要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故选D。
5.(2014﹒江苏)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A.cover B.will cover C.have covered D.covered
【答案】C
【解析】句意：“你对于即将在南京召开的青奥会知道多少？”“哦，媒体已经以多种多样的形式对其进行了报道。”根据语境可知，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。
6.(2014﹒江西)—Tony, why are your eyes red?
— I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut D. have been cutting
【答案】D
【解析】句意：“托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？”“我在过去的五分钟内一直在剁辣椒。”根据for the last five minutes可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C项，误以为动作是在“过去的过去”发生的。此句是指过去所做的事对现在的影响。
7.(2014﹒山东)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming than we________.
A.will expect B.are expecting C.expect D.had expected
【答案】D
【解析】句意：手写所有的请帖要比我们之前预想的更加耗时。根据句意可知，expect动作发生在was之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选D。
8.(2014﹒山东)They made up their mind that they____ a new house once Larry changed jobs.
A.bought B.would buy C.have bought D.had bought
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们下定决心一旦拉里换了工作他们就会买一所新房子。that引导的从句的时态要与主句的时态保持一致，主句用的是一般过去时，再由语境判断从句用过去将来时。故选B。
9.(2014﹒陕西)During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ____.
A. would recommend B. had recommended
C. have recommended D. were recommending
【答案】B
【解析】所填词动作发生在tried…foods这一动作之前，即表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时，故选B。
10.(2014﹒四川)She ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A. phoned B. had phoned C. was phoning D. has phoned
【答案】C
【解析】根据后一分句“我”只向她点了下头可知她正在打电话，故使用过去进行时。句意：她正在和某人打电话，所以我向她点了下头便走了。
11.(2014﹒天津)We won't start the work until all the preparations ________.
A. are being made B. will be made C. have been made D. had been made
【答案】C
【解析】句意：直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。根据主句中的关键词won't start(不会开始)是一般将来时，可知until引导的从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如无一般现在时，可用现在完成时代替一般将来时，强调从句动作的完成性。
12.(2014﹒浙江)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she ________ most of the guests before.
A.has seen B.had seen C.saw D.would see
【答案】B
【解析】句意：索菲亚看了看周围所有的面孔，她印象中大部分客人她以前都是见过的。根据句意知，此处see的动作发生在过去的过去，同时由题眼before可知，该空应该用过去完成时态，故选B项。
13.(2014﹒重庆)You'd better write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting C. forgot D. will forget
【答案】A
【解析】在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。故选A。
14.(2014﹒重庆)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming C. had come D. came
【答案】B
【解析】该句中的didn't know与until连用决定了该空的时态是过去进行时，即“昨天才知道James要来”。
15.(2014﹒安徽)The twins, who ________ their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
A.will finish B.Finish C.have finished D.had finished
【答案】D
【解析】根据语境可知，完成作业是在were allowed之前发生的动作，属于“过去的过去”，应使用过去完成时。句意：已完成作业的双胞胎，被允许到操场上打羽毛球。故选D。
16.(2014﹒北京)—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ in an application form for a new job.
A.fill B.have filled
C.am filling D.will fill
【答案】C
【解析】根据上下文可知，回答人“正忙着”，所以是“正在填写申请表格”，用现在进行时，选C。
17.(2014﹒北京)—What time is it?
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I ________ it for you.
A.check B.checked C.will check D.would check
【答案】C
【解析】根据句意可知说话人不知道现在几点，但是“将去核实一下”，应选一般将来时。故选C。
18.(2014﹒北京)I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ when I arrived.
A.started B.was starting C.would start D.had started
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意可知，“我”不能跟上演讲的原因是，“我”到达的时候演讲已经开始了。“到达”为一般过去时，表述过去的动作。“已经开始”表达过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。故选D。
19.(2014﹒全国大纲卷)Unless some extra money ________， the theatre will close.
A. was found B. finds C. is found D. found
【答案】C
【解析】句意：除非找到一些额外的钱，否则剧院将会倒闭。根据主句的将来时态可知，状语从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时，因为find和money之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
【2013年】
1.(2013﹒重庆)A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.
A. opens B. is opened C. will open D. will be opened
【答案】B
【解析】表示按照计划或时间表要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，排除选项C，D；open做公开演出讲时，是不及物动词，没有被动语态，排除选项B。句意为《仲夏夜之梦》将于六月十九号在皇家剧院公演，然后在苏格兰各地巡回演出。
2.(2013﹒安徽)I’m calling about the apartment you ______ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?
A. advertised B. had advertised C. are advertising D. will advertise
【答案】A
【解析】此题的解题关键是句中的时间状语the other day，这个时间状语跟一般过去时态连用，没有例外。
3.(2013﹒北京)Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ______ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A. had been made . B. was made C. has been made D. would be made
【答案】C
【解析】本题的解题关键是后面的时间状语over the past years，这种时间状态，通常都是跟现在完成时态连用的，因此锁定答案。
4.(2013﹒北京)--- Do you think Mom and Dad ______ late?
--- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.
A. were B. will be C. would be D. have been
【答案】B
【解析】从句意看，是对将来情况的一种推测，故应该用一般将来时态。句意为— 你认为爸妈会晚到吗？— 不，瑞士航班总是准点。
5.(2013﹒北京)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ______ us.
A. expect B. are expecting C. have expected D. will expect
【答案】B
【解析】既然是让人家快点，那别人就一定是正在等，因此锁定正确答案。句意为快点！Mark和Carol正在等我们呢。
6.(2013﹒北京)--- So what is the procedure?
--- All the applicants ______ before a final decision is made by the authority.
A. interview B. are interviewing
C. are interviewed D. are being interviewed
【答案】C
【解析】从语态看，申请者是被面试，排除选项A，B；从时态看，既然是程序，那就应该用一般现在时来表达，排除选项D。句意为—程序如何？ — 权威部门做出最终决定之前，所有的申请者都要接受面试。
7.(2013﹒福建)The famous musician, as well as his students, ____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
【答案】B
【解析】主语是单数，尽管后面跟有介词或介词词组作附属修饰语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。排除A和C；2012 Taipei Flower Expo是一个过去的时间，动作已经发生，和现在没有关系，没必要用现在完成时，排除D。句意为这个著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在2012年的台北花展上演出。
8.(2013﹒福建)The girl has a great interest in sport and ____ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking
【答案】D
【解析】A是一般过去时，B是现在进行时，C是一般现在时，D是现在完成进行时over the last three years.常用于完成时，所以选D。句意为这个女孩很喜欢运动，在过去的三年时间一直坚持每周上两次羽毛球兴趣班。
9.(2013﹒湖南) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs. Crawford. “Oh，I________ president，” said the boy, with a smile.
A.have been B.am C.was D.will be
【答案】D
【解析】从题干want可判断出本题考查一般将来时。解题技巧：要善于在语境明确时态，如;want, intend, plan, mean, expect等表示计划打算的动词，隐含着将来意义。句意为“你长大了想干什么？”Crawford先生问道，男孩笑着说：“我想当总统。”
10.(2013﹒湖南) Around two o'clock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat ________ us.
A.bothers B.had bothered
C.would bother D.bothered
【答案】A
【解析】从状语around two o’clock every night可判断出，本句要用一般现在时，will start表示现在的趋势而非将来时，故选择A。句意为每晚两点左右，他总是开始说梦话，多少总会打搅我们。
11.(2013﹒湖南) If nothing ________， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A.does B.had been done
C.will do D.is done
【答案】D
【解析】根据”主将从现”原则, if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，排除B、C；nothing做主语，和do构成动宾关系，排除A，选择D。句意为如果不采取措施，海洋将成为鱼类的沙漠（海洋鱼类资源面临枯竭）。
12.(2013﹒湖南)—Have you heard about the recent election?
—Sure, it ________the only thing on the news for the last three days.
A.would be B.is
C.has been D.will be
【答案】C
【解析】从上文have you heard判断是现在范畴的时态，for the last three days是现在完成时的标志词，故选择C。
13.(2013﹒湖南)—I don't understand why you didn't go to the lecture yesterday afternoon.
—I'm so sorry, But I ________ my homework.
A.had done B.was doing
C.would do D.am doing
【答案】B
【解析】从didn’t you和yesterday afternoon都说明过去时态，故排除C、D，过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，说明昨天下午正在做什么。
14.(2013﹒江苏) Generally, students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ______ essential to their development.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构，主语为students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others，中心词为inner motivation，显然为第三人称单数。再根据generally（一般说来），可见讲通常情况，所以用一般现在时。故选择A。句意为一般说来，他人对其期望值高的学生的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的。
15.(2013﹒江苏)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure. I ______ a report at home.
A. will be writing B. will have written
C. have written D. have been writing
【答案】A
【解析】对话双方谈论同一话题，自然时间一致，时态也相互关联。本题中关键时间状语为tomorrow morning，所以回答时用将来进行时，表示“明天上午我将在家写报告”，用将来进行时。所以选A。句意为——明天上午我可以用你的汽车吗？ ——当然可以。那时候，我将在家写报告呢。
16.(2013﹒江苏) “Never for a second,” the boy says, “______ that my father would come to my rescue.”
A. I doubted B. do I doubt C. I have doubted D. did I doubt
【答案】D
【解析】当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。本题中，Never for a second置于句首，所以句子倒装，故先排除A，C。再根据已知时态would come to…，可知在讲发生过的事情，用过去时，故选D。句意为“没有一秒，”男孩说，“我怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”
17.(2013﹒江苏) —What about your self-drive trip yesterday?
—Tiring! The road is being widened, and we ______ a rough ride.
A. had B. have C. would have D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】A是一般过去时；B是一般现在时；C是过去将来时；D是现在完成时。本题关键时间点就是yesterday，所以讲昨天的事情，故用一般过去时，选A。句意为——昨天的自驾游如何？——太累人了！道路正在拓宽，开起来真不容易！
18.(2013﹒江西) I ________ to visit you later that day, but I had to phone and cancel.
A. come B. came C. am coming D. was coming
【答案】D
【解析】本题的题眼是that day和but.由that day可断定应该用过去的某种时态。A.一般现在时；B.一般过去时；C.现在进行时；D.过去进行时。排除A与C。根据but可知，“我打算来，但不得不打电话取消”，对于come、go、arrive等位置转移的动词可以用进行时表达将来意义。因此，答案是D.句意为尽管那天我打算来呢，我还是打电话取消了。
19.(2013﹒辽宁) He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all, he _____ it for a very long time.
A. has had B. had had C. has D. had
【答案】B
【解析】A是现在完成时，B是过去完成时，C是一般现在时，D是一般过去时。根据本题中已知时态was和sold可知，讲的是发生在过去的事情，所以排除A，C。再根据时间状语for a very long time，可知要用完成时。而买吉他是在最终卖掉吉他之前，很明显是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。故选B。句意为他卖掉吉他的时候是很不开心的。毕竟，他已经拥有这把吉他很久了。
20.(2013﹒辽宁) At no time _____ the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break D. they had actually broken
【答案】C
【解析】当否定词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。at no time意为“绝不，在任何时候都不”，置于句首用部分倒装，故排除A，D。再根据已知时态was，可知讲的是过去的情况，所以选择C。句意为事实上他们绝对没有违反游戏规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。
21.(2013﹒辽宁) We are confident that the environment ______ by our further efforts to reduce pollution.
A. had been improved B. will be improved
C. is improved D. was improved
【答案】B
【解析】A. 是过去完成时 B. 是一般将来时 C. 是一般现在时 D.是一般过去时。根据已知时态we are confident，可以先排除A，D。再根据our further efforts，可确知讲将来的事情。所以用将来时。故选B。句意为我们非常有信心，在我们进一步减少污染的努力之下，环境将得到改善。
22.(2013﹒山东) I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.
A. has been B. was C. had been D. would
【答案】B
【解析】由语境中I didn’t think I’d like the movie一般过去时可知，我原以为我不会喜欢电影，后半句中but表转折可知：这个电影已经看过，还是不错的。故选B。A项has been为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响和结果；B项was为一般过去时，就是指上句提到的那部电影是不错的，符合句意；C项had been为过去完成时，它强调的是“过去的过去”，不符合本句的语言环境；D项would be为过去将来时，指的是过去的将来所要发生的事情，本题评价的是已经看完的电影的好坏。句意为我想我不喜欢这部电影，但事实上它是一部好电影。
23.(2013﹒山东) --- Oh no! We’re too late. The train _____.
----That’s OK. We’ll catch the next train to London
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. has been leaving
【答案】C
【解析】A项was leaving为过去进行时，指的是过去的某一时刻正在发生或进行的事；B项had left为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；C项has left为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响和结果，指的是火车已经开走了，赶不上这趟车了；而D项has been leaving为现在完成进行时，强调的动作的延续，说火车还在离开着，显然不合乎常理，而且leave也是一个非延续性动词，可排除D项。
24.(2013﹒陕西) On Monday mornings it usually ______ me an hours to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles
A. takes B. is taking C. took D. will take
【答案】A
【解析】本题的关键词是usually以及让步状语从句中的谓语动词is，据此可以判断句子用一般现在时态。句意为每周一早上我通常花费一个小时开车去上班，尽管实际距离只有20英里。
25.(2013﹒陕西) Jim ______ a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.
A. watched B. had watched C. was watching D. would be watching
【答案】C
【解析】“某个动作正在进行，就在此时，另一个动作发生了”这种情况下，前一个动作用过去进行时，后一个动作用一般过去时。句意为深夜Jim正在家里看一个电影，就在一个恐怖镜头的当中，电视突然一片空白。
26.(2013﹒上海) Bob called to tell his mother that he couldn’t enter the house, for he ______ his key at school.
A. had left B. would leave C. was leaving D. has left
【答案】A
【解析】题干意思是：鲍伯打电话给他的妈妈说他不能进房子，因为他把钥匙忘在学校了。本句中的called标明动作发生在过去，而在电话之前忘记拿钥匙，所以应用had left表示过去的过去的动作。
27.(2013﹒上海) The school board is made up of parents who ______ to make decisions about school affairs.
A. had been elected B. had elected
C. have been elected D. have elected
【答案】C
【解析】题干的意思是：“这个学校董事会是由已经当选，并为学校事务做决定的父母组成的”。父母是被选上，用被动语态，排除选项B，D。再根据关键信息is made up of用的是现在时，可知选举一事对现在有影响，所以用现在完成时。
28.(2013﹒四川) Hurry up, kids! The school bus ________ for us!
A. waits B. was waiting C. waited D. is waiting
【答案】D
【解析】既然让孩子们快点，那校车就一定是正在等，而不可能是过去在等，排除选项B和C；一般现在时表示经常发生的动作，显然不合适，排除选项A。句意为孩子们快点！校车在等我们！
29.(2013﹒天津) The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes.
A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing
【答案】D
【解析】had repaired为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；have repaired为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响；repaired为一般过去时，强调过去的某一时间发生的动作；are repairing为现在进行时，强调现在正在发生或进行的动作，符合句意，正在维修一条主管道成为了临时停水的原因。句意为水资源供应被临时切断是因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。
30.(2013﹒新课标卷II) We ______ very early so we packed the night before.
A. leave B. had left C. were leaving D. have left
【答案】C
【解析】were leaving 是用进行时态表示将要发生的动作，头天晚上就打包的原因就是第二天要早早出发，打包发生在过去，而出发是发生在将来。整个句子描述的是一个发生在过去的事情，排除选项A和D；如果用B，那就是打包之前已经出发了，语意不通，排除。句意为我们很早就要出发，所以头天晚上我们就打包了。
31.(2013﹒新课标卷I) If we _________ now to protect the environment, we’ll live to regret it.
A. hadn’t acted B. haven’t acted C. don’t act D. won’t act
【答案】C
【解析】A是过去完成时；B是现在完成时；C是一般现在时；D是一般将来时。if在句中作“如果”解，引导一个条件状语从句，但有可能是一个虚拟条件句，也可能是一个真实条件句。如果是虚拟条件句的话，题干中的now提示，这有可能是一个表示与现在事实相反的假设，这时if从句中的谓语动词用过去式acted，而选项中没有该形式，由此判断if引导一个真实条件句。在真实条件句中，谓语动词涉及到将来动作时，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，这样答案锁定B和C。题干中的now说明，保护环境这个动作发生在现在，所以用一般现在时，故最佳答案是C。句意为如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境，我们会遗憾一辈子。
32.(2013﹒新课标卷I) When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him, but I ________ my mind.
A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change
【答案】 A
【解析】A是现在完成时；B是一般现在时；C是过去完成时；D是过去将来时。题干中的but提示，“我”第一次见布莱恩的时候不喜欢他，但现在喜欢他。显然说话人“改变主意”这一过去的动作对现在造成的影响是，“我”现在喜欢他，故用现在完成时，正确答案是A。一般现在时表示永久性的客观存在；过去完成时表示动作或状态发生在过去某一动作或时刻之前；过去将来时表示相对于过去某时而言还未发生的将来动作。
33.(2013﹒浙江) During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.
A was increasing B. has increased C. had increased D. will be increasing
【答案】B
【解析】根据句首的during the last three decades这个时间状语，可以判断出后面句子应该用 现在完成时态。句意为过去三十年来，参加体育锻炼的人数增长了。
34.(2013﹒重庆)I felt very tired when I got home, and I ______ straight to bed.
A. go B. went C. had gone D. have gone
【答案】B
【解析】整个句子描述的都是过去发生的事情，排除选项A，D；上床睡觉是在到家这个动作之后发生的，不能用过去完成时，排除选项C。句意为到家的时候我觉得很累，直接就上床睡觉了。
【2012年】
1.(2012﹒湖南)Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ____ later in life.
A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid
【答案】A
【解析】从don't可知语境为现在，排除B、D；而later in life可知为将来的动作，故选A。动词的时态 一般将来时态
2.(2012﹒重庆)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______.We must act immediately before there’s left.
A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out
【答案】B
【解析】分析题干语境可知，食品供应即将耗尽。run out为不及物动词短语，不能使用被动形式，由此可排除C和D两个选项。B选项为现在进行时态，可以表示将来，符合题意。因此，正确答案为B选项。
3.(2012﹒重庆)---Kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong?
---Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】根据答语的后半句可知，现在Kevin正在等待测试的成绩，参加测试为一个过去的动作，应该使用一般过去时态。因此，正确答案为B选项。
4.(2012﹒辽宁)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday.
A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid
【答案】A
【解析】在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。
5.(2012﹒四川)—Did you catch what I said?
—Sorry. I ______ a text message just now.
A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D. was answering
【答案】D
【解析】句意为：“你听懂我所说的了吗？”“对不起。我刚刚在回短信。”根据句意及时间状语just now可知，回短信的动作正好是发生在问话人说话的那一时间点，即表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作，故选过去进行时态D。
6.(2012﹒四川)They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ____.
A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt
【答案】 A
【解析】句意为：他们现在暂时和父母一起居住，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。根据句意可知，应使用被动语态，且house与动词rebuilt之间为被动关系，故使用现在进行时态的被动语态。
7.(2012﹒陕西)—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but by then I______ to Beijing. How about five?
A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying
【答案】C
【解析】根据问句中的two o’clock和应答句中的by then可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，选C。
8.(2012﹒北京)By the time you have finished this book, your meal ______ cold.
A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting
【答案】C
【解析】by the time 后接现在时，表示将来之前发生的动作，故用将来时。
9.(2012﹒北京）Our friendship _____ quickly over the weeks that followed.
A. had developed B. was developing
C. would develop D. developed
【答案】D
【解析】描述在过去阶段发生的动作，强调状态，用一般过去式。
10.(2012﹒全国卷II)The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told
【答案】C
【解析】现在完成进行时表示：过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，现在刚刚结束或还在进行。句意：经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停的告诉工人们如何改进这个项目。根据句意选C。
11.(2012﹒全国卷II)---Did you ask Sophia for help?
---I ______ need to – I managed perfectly well on my own.
A. wouldn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
【答案】C
【解析】句意：---（过去）你向Sophia寻求帮助了吗？---我没有必要向她求助。我自己就很完美的处理了。对话的内容谈论的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
12.(2012﹒全国新课标卷)I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum
C. swam D. had swum
【答案】C
【解析】主句用过去完成进行时，所以后半句用一般过去时，只有这样才能具备“过去的过去”的条件。句意：我一整个下午都在做数学题，那些数字在我的眼前晕眩。
13.(2012﹒全国新课标卷)"Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step ”
A. has shown B. is showing
C. shows D. showed
【答案】C
【解析】此处是奶奶过去常常说的一句话，这里是直接引语，句子的内容是生活哲理。所以用一般现在时。句意：奶奶过去常常说：“生活就像在雪中行走，因为每一步都看得见。”
14.(2012﹒山东)The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______.
A. will leave B. are leaving
C. have left D. were leaving
【答案】D
【解析】此处用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这里were leaving表示：过去要离开。句意：听到自己最信任的两个职员要离去，经理很关注。
15.(2012﹒山东)After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _______ working on his project.
A. had started B. has started
C. started D. starts
【答案】C
【解析】根据前半句的谓语动词用了过去完成时，可知后半句用一般过去时，这样才能符合“过去的过去”这一条件。句意：Jack发了几份电子邮件之后，他才开始研究他的项目。
16.(2012﹒福建)一 When did the computer crash?
一 This morning, while I the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted
【答案】B
【解析】首先根据时间状语this morning知道是发生过的事情，去除A、C两项，然后过去完成时的使用前提是有动作的先后顺序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把从网上下载的阅读材料分类时电脑坏的。”指的是过去正在进行的动作用过去进行时，B项正确。
17.(2012﹒浙江)— Alvin, are you coming with us?
— I'd love to, but something unexpected .
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
【答案】A
【解析】 根据句意：---艾琳，你要和我们一起去吗？---我想去，但是发生了点意外。现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情到现在为止，且对现在造成了一定的影响，符合语境，故答案选Ａ.Ｂ，过去进行时，表示过去某段时间正在进行的的动作或所处的状态；Ｃ，过去完成时表示过去的过去；Ｄ，过去将来时表示过去将来要发生的事情，均不符合语境，故排除。
18.(2012﹒浙江)Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _____ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon[
【答案】B
【解析】根据but提示，是并列句，故前后时态一致。与had intended相呼应，可知此空应在表示过去时的范围选择，由此排除C、D选项。且abandon动作只是陈述了过去所发生的一件事而已，没有在intend之前，故排除A选项（过去的过去），由此可知答案B符合文意。一般过去时表示对过去所发生的一件事情的简单陈述而已。
19.(2012﹒江苏)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he________.
A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。根据句意，总统开始上任是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故选C项。
20.(2012﹒安徽)Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept
【答案】A
【解析】首先把which 引导的非限制性定语从句删掉。三单否定B，同时也没有选择完成时的理由。
21.(2012﹒安徽)In order to find the missing child , villagers all they can over the past five hours.
A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing
【答案】D
【解析】后面的over the past five hours 意味着现在完成时，所以选择D。过去完成时表示“过去的过去”明显不正确。
22.(2012﹒江西)---Look! Somebody the sofa.
---Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.
A.is cleaning B.was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned
【答案】C
【解析】句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.
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