2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第13练 阅读提速练（解析版）

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第13练 阅读提速练（解析版），共10页。
A
It’s the perfect time f year t curl up with a great new bk—s be sure t add these climate must­reads t yur list.
THE UNINHABITABLE EARTH：LIFE AFTER WARMING
By David Wallace­Wells
The authr speaks ut n the challenges facing ur planet.But he’s als an ptimist，ne well­aware that the right actin tday can avid disaster tmrrw.
AN INCONVENIENT SEQUEL：TRUTH TO POWER
By Al Gre
A lt f peple have heard his message abut the climate crisis.But just as imprtant is the message that peple arund the wrld can d smething abut it.
The bk is a cmprehensive hw­t guide full f cncrete，actinable ways yu can jin the mvement fr slutins and help turn the tide.
THE SIXTH EXTINCTION：AN UNNATURAL HISTORY
By Elizabeth Klbert
Teenage climate activist Greta Thunberg called ut wrld leaders fr their inactin，saying，“Peple are suffering.Peple are dying.Entire ecsystems are cllapsing.We are in the beginning f a mass extinctin.”
Elizabeth Klbert might say，“Exactly.” As she details，the Earth has seen five landmark events in the distant past that wiped ut mst plant and animal life.But tday，we’re witnessing a new phenmenn knwn t scientists as the “sixth extinctin”．Unlike the previus five，this ne is nt a natural event.It’s human­made.And it’ s happening right nw.
THE OVERSTORY
By Richard Pwers
While the bks listed abve are all wrks f nnfictin，climate is shwing up mre and mre as a majr theme in cntemprary fictin.As a wrk f imaginatin wandering acrss centuries and cntinents，it tells the stry f nine main characters，all existing at different perids f time，which are nt men r wmen at all，but trees.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了几本关于气候危机的必读书目。)
1．Which authr ffered measures t deal with climate change?
A．Elizabeth Klbert. B．Al Gre.
C．David Wallace­Wells. D．Richard Pwers.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据AN INCONVENIENT SEQUEL：TRUTH TO POWER部分中的“The bk is a cmprehensive hw­t guide full f cncrete，actinable ways yu can jin the mvement fr slutins and help turn the tide.”可知，作者Al Gre在这本书中引导人们采取措施来改变气候危机。故选B项。
2．Accrding t Elizabeth Klbert，why is the “sixth extinctin” different frm previus nes?
A．It is largely due t human activities.
B．It wipes ut all the plant and animal life.
C．It is mainly caused by the natural factrs.
D．It is the result f the wrld leaders’ inactin.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据THE SIXTH EXTINCTION：AN UNNATURAL HISTORY部分中“Unlike the previus five，this ne is nt a natural event.It’s human­made.”可知，第六次灭亡与前面五次不同之处在于这次主要是由于人类活动造成的。故选A项。
3．What is special abut The Overstry?
A．It discusses natural histry.
B．It centers n climate crisis.
C．It features fictinal characters.
D．It is a cllectin f nnfictin.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据THE OVERSTORY部分中“it tells the stry f nine main characters，all existing at different perids f time，which are nt men r wmen at all，but trees”可知，The Overstry这本书是以虚构的人物为特色。故选C项。
B
Pearl Fryar knew he wanted t d smething unique with the farmland he bught in Suth Carlina.He wanted t win the lcal garden club’s “Yard f the Mnth” award.
Fryar didn’t have the mney t purchase new trees，s he began by using bushes and shrubs that a lcal nursery had thrwn away—plants that lked dead t mst peple.
Because he wrked days at a can factry，Fryar ften tended his garden at night.Neighbrs gt used t seeing him stand n the ladder，cutting up his steadily grwing bushes.The shrubs began t take n different shapes.As the years went by，the creatins became mre delicate.Fryar began planting trees and using zip ties，cat hangers，PVC pipe，and even his wife’s ld stckings t achieve the frms he wanted.“He has a way f handling plants t d things he wants them t by training，bending，wiring，and clipping，” said a neighbr.
Many prfessinal gardeners are amazed by what Fryar has been able t accmplish.Sme plants which wuldn’t survive in the Suth thrived under his care.
Fryar’s attentin t detail and his willingness t wrk hard have made him a lcal her.He was the first African American t win “Yard f the Mnth” frm the lcal garden club.
Fryar’s garden nw includes abut 400 species f plants and 150 different plant sculptures.A bx fr dnatins can be fund n the prperty，but giving is ptinal.Fryar welcmes peple wh can’t affrd t pay.He understands.He’s been there.“Yu can be smebdy，” he tells students wh visit the garden.“Shw me anyne wh wrks at anything with a passin and has patience，and they’re ging t be successful.Be strng enugh nt t let the barriers in life stp yu.”
4．Hw did Fryar make his garden unique?
A．He made the plants int different shapes.
B．He bught new trees frm a lcal nursery.
C．He used his prfessinal knwledge.
D．He asked his neighbrs t cut up his bushes.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The shrubs began t take n different shapes.As the years went by，the creatins became mre delicate.”可知，他为了使他的花园与众不同而把这些植物做成了不同的形状。故选A项。
5．What des the underlined wrd “thrived” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Died away. B．Became weak.
C．Faded slwly. D．Grew strng.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Many prfessinal gardeners are amazed by what Fryar has been able t accmplish.”可知，许多专业园艺师对弗莱尔的成就感到惊讶；再根据画线词所在句中的“wuldn’t survive in the Suth”可知，画线词的意思应与survive相近，结合四个选项可知，画线词应意为“茁壮成长”。故选D项。
6．What made Fryar win the award?
A．Passin and innvatin.
B．Patience and genersity.
C．Ambitin and sympathy.
D．Willingness and hnesty.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句和最后一段的“Shw me anyne wh wrks at anything with a passin and has patience，and they’re ging t be successful.”可知，正是激情与创新让弗莱尔获奖的。故选A项。
7．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Making a Man int a Her
B．The Hard Life f Pearl Fryar
C．Transfrming a Garden int Art
D．The First Man f “Yard f the Mnth”
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文讲述了弗莱尔通过自己的创新和激情把花园变成艺术的故事。故选C项。
C
Where the Streets Smell like Cheese：Milwaukee Tries Dairy Waste as De­icer
In respnse t the winter strm striking the area last weekend，street crews f Milwaukee，a city in Wiscnsin，will be spreading cheese brine(卤水) alng its ice­cvered streets this winter as an alternative f nrmally used rck salt，which serves as an essential rad de­icer despite its damaging impact n the envirnment.
The trial was inspired by a successful experiment in rural Plk Cunty.In additin t being a mre effective de­icer due t a lwer freezing pint，the cheesy liquid prevents rck salt frm buncing and scattering ff radways，which means less has t be used and less f it ends up entering the surrunding envirnment.
Milwaukee can make gd use f the difficult­t­dispse type f rganic waste fund in great abundance acrss the state：salty leftver cheese­making juice.Smetimes yu just have t get creative and wrk with the type f waste byprduct and turn it int smething beneficial.When the first cheese brine salt trucks f the city appeared in the street last week，Tm Barrett，Mayr f Milwaukee，cmpared the act t “thinking utside f the cheese bx”．
T be clear，Milwaukee wn’t cmpletely replace rck salt with thusands f gallns f salty cheese juice.The prject，which will first be tested in Bay View neighbrhd，will invlve a mixture f rck salt and cheese brine.The brine will be surced frm a prductin plant wned by F & A Dairy in Plk Cunty.Milwaukee will save in rck salt csts while F & A Dairy，which transfrms 900,000 punds f milk int cheese every day，will save cash in the brine dispsal.
While it is nted that the cheese brine slutin has a “distinctive dr”．Emil Nrby，the gentleman wh riginally thught f using cheese brine t treat ice­cvered rads，explains that Milwaukee residents can expect t experience the slight bad milk smell nce the cheese brine is applied t streets.He smiles，“I dn’t really mind it.Our rads smell like Wiscnsin！”
8．Why des the cheese brine becme an ptin as a rad de­icer?
A．It increases the cnsumptin f cheese.
B．It decreases milk byprducts.
C．It is frm experiences f Plk Cunty.
D．It’s mre effective and ec­friendly.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，由于冰点较低，这种奶酪状液体不仅是一种更有效的除冰剂，而且还能防止岩盐在道路上反弹和散射，这意味着需要使用的盐更少，进入周围环境的盐也更少。由此可知，选择奶酪卤水作为道路除冰剂是因为它更有效、更环保。故选D。
9．What can the underlined idim in the 3rd paragraph be used t describe?
A．A test with an expected result.
B．A trial made creatively.
C．A cmpany benefiting the lcals.
D．A vlunteer wh prtects the envirnment.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，有时候，你只需要发挥创造力，处理那些浪费掉的副产品，并把它们变成有益的东西。由此可知，第三段中画线的习语“thinking utside f the cheese bx”用来描述创造性的尝试。故选B。
10．What d peple think f the prject f the city and F & A Dairy?
A．It will make a frtune fr the city.
B．It will change the life f lcal peple.
C．It will attract mre investment.
D．It will be a win­win cperatin.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，密尔沃基市将节省岩盐的成本，而每天将90万磅牛奶转化成奶酪的F & A乳品公司将在卤水处理方面节省资金。由此可推知，人们认为密尔沃基市和F & A乳品公司的项目会是一个双赢的合作。故选D。
11．Hw d the lcals respnd t the smell f cheese brine accrding t Nrby?
A．It will lead t bad appetite.
B．It may make them sick.
C．It is still acceptable.
D．It cannt be nticed.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段末句“He smiles，‘I dn’t really mind it.Our rads smell like Wiscnsin！’”可知，他笑着说：“我真的不介意。我们的道路闻起来像威斯康星州！”由此可推知，当地人认为奶酪卤水的味道还可以接受。故选C。
D
This little Suth American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles，t a beach in Brazil，every year in rder t be reunited with the man wh saved its life.It sunds like smething ut f a fairy tale，but it’s true!
71­year­ld retired brick wrker Ja，wh lives in an island village just utside Ri de Janeir，Brazil，fund the small Magellanic penguin lying n rcks at his lcal beach in 2011.The penguin was cvered in il and running ut f time fast.Ja rescued the penguin，naming it Din，cleaned the il ff its feathers and fed it a daily diet f fish t rebuild its strength.After a week f recvery，Ja attempted t release the penguin back int the wild.Hwever，Din had already frmed a family bnd with its rescuer and wuldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me fr 11 mnths and then，just after he changed his cat with new feathers，he disappeared，” Ja recalls.“I lve the penguin like he is my wn child and I believe the penguin lves me，” Ja tld Glb TV.“N ne else is allwed t tuch him.He pecks(啄) them if they d.He lies n my lap，lets me give him shwers，and allws me t feed him.”
Prfessr Krajewski，a bilgist wh interviewed the fisherman fr Glb TV，tld The Independent：“I have never seen anything like this befre.I think the penguin believes Ja is part f his family and prbably a penguin as well.”
Hwever，envirnmentalists warn that，while hundreds f the Magellanic species are knwn t naturally migrate(迁徙) thusands f miles nrth in search f fd，there has been a wrrying rise in the phenmenn f ceanic creatures washing up n Brazil’s beaches.Prfessr David Zee frm Ri de Janeir’s State University，says the increase is due in part t glbal climatic changes.Prfessr Zee adds that sea animals face increased danger frm leaked tanker il.
Luckily the ending fr Ja and Din has been a happy ne，even thugh it is illegal in Brazil t keep wild animals as pets.
Prfessr Krajewski said，“Prfessinals wh wrk with animals try t avid relatinships like this ccurring s they are able t reintrduce the animal int the wild.But in this single case the authrities allwed Din t stay with Ja because f his kindness.”
12．Every year Din swims a lng distance t a beach in Brazil t .
A．avid being killed
B．meet its rescuer
C．escape frm cean currents
D．find much mre fish
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，每年Din都要长途游到巴西的海滩为了去见它的救命恩人。故选B项。
13．When Din was fund in 2011， .
A．it was dying
B．it was running n the beach
C．it was resting n a rck
D．it was cleaning il ff his feathers
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，2011年当Din被发现时，它已经奄奄一息了。故选A项。
14．What can we learn abut Ja frm the passage?
A．He is nt allwed t keep the penguin as a pet by the authrities.
B．He verprtects the penguin by keeping it away frm thers.
C．His cntact with the penguin is encuraged by prfessinals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Ja的善良赢得了这只企鹅的信任。故选D项。
15．The stry in the passage mainly shws that .
A．the envirnmental impact n wildlife
B．the lve between humans and wildlife
C．the tendency f wildlife t bnd with humans
D．the prtectin f threatened wildlife by mankind
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。根据全文尤其是第一段首句以及最后一段中“But in this single case the authrities allwed Din t stay with Ja because f his kindness.”可知，本文主要是讲述了Ja和企鹅Din之间相处的故事，体现了人类和野生动物之间的爱。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Giving a gift that will stand the test f time is always a challenge，but giving plants is ne way t try.Whatever type f plant yu chse，it’s sure t last lnger than cut flwers. 1
The mst imprtant thing t cnsider is where it will live.If yur friend’s place is bright and sunny，a succulent(多肉植物) makes sense. 2 Succulents naturally grw in desert­like envirnments，while rchids(兰花) grw in damp frests.
3 It can help yu understand what cnditins it prefers.S，while picking ut plant gifts，ask the salespersn fr mre infrmatin t ensure what yu chse is a match fr where it will end up.
Whatever plant yu chse，make peace with the fact that it may r may nt survive.After all，a huse’s inside is pretty dissimilar t where that plant naturally grws.S we can all nly d ur best. 4 If their leaves dry up，they’re nt getting enugh water.If they’re reaching their leaves tward the light，they may need mre f it.S ffer that advice t yur friend，and then let it g.
If yu have a plant­interested friend n yur gift list，why nt chse a plant which is easy t keep alive in his place and lks lvely？Yu dn’t need t wrap it，as a simple bw is enugh. 5 It’s a way t ensure yur gift gets a gd start in life.
A．Yu can always put them inside a paper bag.
B．But yu can cnsider giving a nice pt and bag f sil.
C．Knwing the natural histry f a plant is equally imprtant.
D．Even relatively experienced green thumbs smetimes lse.
E．The key is t pay attentin t plants—really lk at them each day.
F．If yu want t chse plants as gifts，the ideas belw will help yu n yur way.
G．If yur friend has a cl hme with n direct sun，an rchid is prbably a better chice.
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了如何选择植物作为礼物的建议。)
1．答案 F
解析 结合空格处所处的情境及下文给出的送植物礼物的建议，可以看出此处承上启下。F项“如果你想选择植物作为礼物，下面的建议会对你有所帮助”引出下文。故选F项。
2．答案 G
解析 前文讲到，如果你朋友家阳光明媚，那多肉植物是明智的。后文讲到兰花生长在潮湿的森林中。G项“如果你的朋友有一个没有阳光直射的凉爽的家，兰花可能是更好的选择”符合语境。
3．答案 C
解析 该空为本段的主旨句。由后文讲到在挑选植物礼物时，要向销售人员询问更多信息，以确保你选择的礼物与它最终的去处相匹配。由此可知，买植物作礼物之前了解关于该植物的信息是必要的。对比选项可知C项符合题意。
4．答案 E
解析 由空格后两句可知，植物是否需要浇水和吸收阳光，通过观察植物本身的特点就可以得出。E项“关键是要关注植物——真正地每天观察它们”符合语境。
5．答案 B
解析 根据空格前一句“你不需要把它包起来，一个简单的蝴蝶结就足够了”和空格后一句“这是确保你的礼物在生活中有一个好的开始的一种方式”可知，B项“但是你可以考虑给它们一个漂亮的盆和一袋土”符合语境。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．ptimist n．乐观主义者；乐天派
2．avid v．避免；躲避
3．disaster n．灾难；不幸
4．tend v．往往会；倾向于
5．cut up切碎
6．sculpture n．雕刻作品；雕刻艺术
7．passin n．热情；强烈的感情
8．transfrm v．使改变形态；使改观
9．make sense是明智的，有道理；讲得通；合乎情理
10．attempt v．努力；尝试；企图
Ⅱ.长难句分析
While picking ut plant gifts，ask the salespersn fr mre infrmatin t ensure what yu chse is a match fr where it will end up.
[句式分析] while 引导时间状语从句，ensure后为宾语从句，宾语从句中what引导的主语从句作主语，where 引导的从句作介词fr的宾语。
[自主翻译] 在挑选植物礼物时，向销售人员询问更多信息，以确保你选择的礼物与它最终的去处相匹配。
[仿写运用] 在选择参考书时，向你的老师征求建议，以确保你所选择的适合你的水平。
While chsing reference bks，ask yur teachers fr advice t ensure what yu chse is suitable fr yur level.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了弗莱尔通过自己的创新和激情把花园变成艺术的故事。
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为应对上周末袭击该地区的冬季风暴，威斯康星州密尔沃基市的街道工作人员今年冬天将在沿冰雪覆盖的街道上撒上奶酪卤水来作为除冰剂，以替代通常使用的岩盐。这是因为奶酪卤水比岩盐更加有效和环保，文章主要说明了这一做法的实施过程以及人们对此的看法。
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了南美洲的小麦哲伦企鹅Din每年都要游5 000英里到巴西的一个海滩和它的救命恩人团聚。同时，专家也对气候和海洋漏油污染给海洋动物带来的危害表示担忧。