2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第7练 阅读提速练（解析版）

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习专题训练 第7练 阅读提速练（解析版），共10页。
A
Yu wn’t have t lk far t find sme natural peculiarity(特性) fr which science smetimes ffers a thery.Hwever，many places are cmpletely unimaginable.
Sme places attract peple mre than thers.The incapability t understand the real stry behind sme f these phenmena draws many peple.They are just s mysterius that there is n explaining f them.
·Bld Falls，Antarctica
Hw is it that the cldest and driest place n the planet has a bld­red waterfall puring dwn slwly int the McMurd Dry Valleys，sme f the mst extreme desert lands n Earth？What causes the mysterius flw was nly recently “discvered” in a study.Scientists believed fr many years red algae(红藻) gave the unusual clr.But nw research has shwn that irn xide(氧化物) is respnsible fr the hue.The waterfall even cntains strange bacterial life frms.
·Magnetic Hill，Mnctn，New Brunswick
Be very careful if yu chse t drive t the bttm f this hill.Stries abut what happens there have been arund since early 1900s.As impssible as it sunds，yur car will start t “rll” uphill.“And it desn’t just wrk n cars—vans，trucks and even tur buses rll upward in ttal defiance(蔑视) f natural law，” accrding t Turism New Brunswick.
·Racetrack Playa，Death Valley，Califrnia
Lcated in a remte valley between the Cttnwd and Last Chance Ranges，Racetrack Playa is really a place f beauty and mystery.The Racetrack is a dry lake bed，best knwn fr its strange mving rcks.It lks like they “sailed” thrugh the valley.Althugh n ne has actually seen the rcks mve，the lng mving tracks left behind in the mud surface f the Playa prve their activity.The mst lgical explanatin s far is that ice frms cver the stnes，causing them t mve.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个神奇的地方。它们各具特色，值得参观。)
1．What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “hue” in the third paragraph?
A．Duty. B．Clr.
C．Thing. D．Peple.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段的第三、四句“Scientists believed fr many years red algae(红藻) gave the unusual clr.But nw research has shwn that irn xide(氧化物) is respnsible fr the hue.”可以推出，hue的意思应该与clr相同。故选B项。
2．What will happen if yu drive yur car at the bttm f Magnetic Hill，Mnctn，New Brunswick?
A．The car will run in an unusual way.
B．The car will run dwn the hill.
C．The car will run backward.
D．The car wn’t wrk at all.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“As impssible as it sunds，yur car will start t ‘rll’ uphill.”可知，当车在磁力山的底部的时候，它就会“滚动”着上山，这种情况是不同寻常的，故选A项。
3．What’s the distinctive characteristic f Racetrack Playa，Death Valley，Califrnia?
A．The rcks in its valley can turn red.
B．The rcks in its valley can rll uphill.
C．The rcks in its valley can change their places.
D．The rcks in its valley can sing beautiful sngs.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的第二、三句“The Racetrack is a dry lake bed，best knwn fr its strange mving rcks.It lks like they ‘sailed’ thrugh the valley.”可知，赛马场盐湖的石头会自己移动。故选C项。
B
(2020·湖南衡阳联考)
It’s 4 am n Mnday when my clleague，Yi Bingkun，and I finished the night shift.It’s the 50th hur since ur medical team arrived in Wuhan t help fight against the nvel crnavirus(新型冠状病毒)．The situatin here is far mre grievus than what we imagined，with mre suspected cases and an acute shrtage f medical staff.We are here t bring them hpe，but it seems that we assume mre respnsibilities.
The ward was almst verladed during ur first night shift and we cntinued t receive mre patients.My clleague and I plunged int wrk withut delay after wearing prtective suits.
Hwever，an emergency ccurred when a patient went int sudden cardiac arrest when we had just changed shifts.Yi Bingkun rushed t give chest cmpressins t the patient t make his heart beat again and I called a dctr fr help.
Thugh all rescue measures failed，the patient’s family，hwever，sent their gratitude t us.Their every single “Thank yu” made me feel warm and that the effrts we had made were wrthwhile.But Kun brught me mre warmth.I nce asked him whether he felt afraid abut the pssibility f becming infected when saving the patient.He tld me，“Yes，I was really scared at the time because I d have my family and my kid.But I was mre afraid that the life might disappear in frnt f me.” I really admire his curage.Our night shift shuld have been finished at midnight，but it ended at 3 am that night.We fund ur clthes were wet after we tk ff prtective suits.What was impressive was that my clleagues messaged us，asking why Kun and I didn’t cme back with the clck pinting t 1 am,2 am r even 3 am.They urged us t let them knw we were kay as sn as we came back.
The weather is really cld but we feel warm frm the bttms f ur hearts.Cme n，all my clleagues! Cme n，Wuhan! Cme n，China!
4．When did the medical team arrive in Wuhan?
A．On Saturday. B．On Sunday.
C．On Mnday. D．On Tuesday.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，周一凌晨4点，作者和同事易炳坤上完了夜班。这是医疗队抵达武汉抗击新型冠状病毒的第50个小时。由此可知，医疗队抵达武汉的时间是50小时之前，也就是两天前的凌晨2点，即周六凌晨2点。故选A。
5．What des the underlined wrd “grievus” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Puzzling. B．Psitive.
C．Satisfactry. D．Severe.
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后半句“with mre suspected cases and an acute shrtage f medical staff”可知，疑似病例多而且极其缺少医护人员。由此推知，武汉的疫情比我们想象中要严峻得多，因此画线词意为“严峻的”。故选D。
6．What can we infer abut the patient?
A．He sn recvered frm the illness.
B．He finally died f serius illness.
C．He was rushed t anther hspital.
D．He was infected by a wild animal.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Thugh all rescue measures failed，the patient’s family，hwever，sent their gratitude t us.”可知，虽然所有的救援措施都失败了，但是病人的家人还是向作者他们表达了他们的感激之情。由此推知，病人最终死于重病。故选B。
7．In the eyes f the writer，Yi Bingkun is .
A．adventurus B．lucky
C．brave D．careless
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第四至七句可知，作者曾经问过他，在抢救病人的时候，他是否害怕被感染。他告诉作者：“是的，我当时真的很害怕，因为我有我的家人和孩子。但我更害怕的是，生命可能会消失在我面前。”因此作者很佩服他的勇气。由此可知，在作者眼中，易炳坤是勇敢的。故选C。
C
Just a few generatins ag，speaking tw languages was suppsed t be bad fr peple.Tests in America fund that bilingual(双语的) peple had lwer IQs.Later it became clear that thse surveys were actually measuring the material pverty f immigrants；members f such families were mre likely t be undernurished(营养不良的) and less mtivated，nt t mentin the bvius fact that they ften tk the tests in a language that was nt their best.
Hw things have changed！In the past decade it has becme almst cmmn knwledge that bilingualism is gd fr peple.Many research papers have suggested that tw­tngued peple enjy a variety f advantages.Mst ntably，they have shwn that bilinguals get dementia(痴呆) n average fur years later than thse speaking ne language，and that they have a basket f abilities that aid peple ding cmplex tasks，including fcusing attentin，and updating wrking memry.
Why bilingualism wuld imprve these abilities is unclear.Researchers assume that having tw languages means putting aside ne when speaking the ther，a kind f cnstant mental exercise that makes the brain healthier.This in particular is thught t be the reasn fr a later start f dementia.
But sme researchers say they culd find n statistically significant advantage in any age grup.It seems that if the bnus is real，it is nt very nticeable and affected by many ther factrs.
The bttm line is that learning anther language smetimes cntributes t an intellectual bst，thugh nt always.But that has never been the main reasn t d it.A secnd language expands the number f peple yu can talk t.Bilingualism may help yu understand ther peple；ne study fund that bilingual children are better at grasping ther pinins，perhaps because they are always keeping track f wh speaks what，a regular reminder that everyne is different.
8．Why did bilingual peple shw lwer IQs in tests?
A．They didn’t receive any educatin.
B．They didn’t try their best in the tests.
C．They were less privileged immigrants.
D．They spent little time n a secnd language.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可推知，那些讲两种语言的人在测试中显示出更低的智商是因为他们都是享有更少特权的移民。故选C。
9．What may cntribute t a later start f dementia f bilingual peple?
A．Updated wrking memry.
B．Cnstant utdr exercise.
C．Lng expsure t cmplex tasks.
D．Frequent switches between languages.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，经常转换着使用两种语言使得那些讲两种语言的人患痴呆症的时间较晚。故选D。
10．What des the underlined wrd “bnus” refer t in Paragraph 4?
A．High cncentratin.
B．Bilingual advantage.
C．Unique brainpwer.
D．Language fluency.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三、四段内容及画线词所在句的前一句可知，研究人员假设了讲两种语言带来的优势，但是这种优势还没有办法被证明。由此可推知，bnus指的是“讲双语的优势”。故选B。
11．What is the authr’s attitude t learning anther language?
A．Favrable. B．Ambiguus.
C．Disapprving. D．Dubtful.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据最后一段可推知，作者赞成学习另外一种语言。故选A。
D
Never play games with a bt(机器人)—it will find a way t cheat if it can.A team frm OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisc c­funded by Eln Musk，has develped artificially intelligent bts that taught themselves t cperate by playing hide­and­seek.The bts als learned hw t use basic tls and that disbeying the laws f physics can help t win.
In April,2019，a team f bts knwn as the OpenAI Five beat the human wrld champins at the team­based vide game Dta2.The hide­and­seek bts use similar principles t learn but the simpler game allws fr mre inventive play.
Bwen Baker at OpenAI and his clleagues wanted t see if the team­based dynamics f the OpenAI Five culd be used t generate skills that culd ne day be useful t humans.The researchers set their bts lse in a simulated(模拟的) envirnment filled with fixed walls and mvable bxes and left them t play team games f hide­and­seek millins f times.The bts each had their wn view f the wrld and culdn’t cmmunicate with each ther directly.
At first，the hiders simply ran away.Hwever，they sn wrked ut that they culd find bjects in the envirnment t hide themselves frm view.Fr example，they learned that bxes culd be used t blck drways and build simple hiding places.The seekers learned that they culd mve a ramp(斜坡) arund and use it t climb ver walls.The bts then discvered that being a team player was the quickest way t win.
The hiders als learned t sabtage the ther team，such as hiding the ramp befre hiding themselves s that the ther team can’t make use f the ramp.“Once ne team learns a new strategy，it creates this pressure fr the ther team t adapt，” says Baker.
“Such tricks shw that AIs are able t find slutins that humans miss，” says Baker.“Maybe they’ll even be able t slve prblems that humans dn’t yet knw hw t.” Hwever，there’s still a lng way t g frm nline hide­and­seek t real prblem­slving.
12．What is OpenAI?
A．It’s a vide game.
B．It’s an AI system.
C．It’s a team f bts.
D．It’s a science lab.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A team frm OpenAI，an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisc c­funded by Eln Musk”可知，OpenAI是一个科学实验室。故选D项。
13．What did the AI bts d at hide­and­seek?
A．They wrked tgether t win.
B．They created bjects as their tls.
C．They learned the cncept f physics.
D．They cmmunicated with each ther directly.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A team frm develped artificially intelligent bts that taught themselves t cperate by playing hide­and­seek.”和第四段中的“The bts then discvered that being a team player was the quickest way t win.”可知，这些机器人发现获胜的最快方法是通过协同作战来赢得比赛。故选A项。
14．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “sabtage” in Paragraph 5?
A．Defend. B．Discurage.
C．Take cntrl f. D．Keep up with.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的例子“such as hiding the ramp befre hiding themselves s that the ther team can’t make use f the ramp”可知，隐藏者在隐藏自己之前把斜坡藏起来以便对手不能利用斜坡，这样做的目的是阻碍对手。所以discurage“阻止”与sabtage词义相近。故选B项。
15．What may the authr tell in the fllwing paragraph?
A．Advantages f AI bts ver humans.
B．Lessns frm nline hide­and­seek.
C．Pssibilities f AI in real prblem­slving.
D．Limitatins f such AI technlgy’s applicatins.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。最后一段提到，这些机器人也许可以解决人类能力之外的问题，但是，从网络虚拟的捉迷藏游戏到把人工智能运用到实际的问题解决中，中间还有很长一段路要走。根据最后一句中的Hwever和其后的内容暗示可知，接下来作者很可能会谈论AI技术运用到现实中存在的困难或者该技术的局限性。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Offered praise needs t be genuine r it will nt have its desired effect f rewarding. 1 Parents can avid ffering empty praise by attending t and praising children’s specific skills，psitive attitudes，and desirable physical attributes(特性)that parents wish t reward.
It is imprtant that parents praise children mre fr their effrt than fr their success.Hwever，wrking parents live in a cmpetitive wrld where they are mstly rewarded nly fr their success. 2 There are several reasns why this is a bad idea.By chsing and praising nly successful utcmes，parents cmmunicate t their children that their praise is cnditinal，and that children will nly receive lve if they “win”．As a result，children will feel less secure in parental lve.That’s t say，children will pssibly experience anxiety and ther emtinal prblems. 3
4 Here is an example：Jamie’s mther ntes that Jamie gt a C(an average grade) n her math test this week.Instead f criticizing her daughter fr nt getting higher marks，she says instead，“Jamie，I’m s impressed with hw hard yu studied fr that test this week.I saw yu reading every night this week.”
Even thugh Jamie may nt have gtten an “A” r a “B” n the test，her effrts twards studying are a vital fundatin fr her future success at math.Thrugh her cmment，Mm reinfrced in Jamie’s mind that her parents are aware f and apprve f her effrt. 5
Effectively used，praise shuld highlight psitive things children d r the way children use the qualities r attributes they pssess.Mst imprtantly，praise shuld fcus n children’s effrt and perseverance.Practice makes perfect.
A．Hw des an empty praise d harm t parenting?
B．What des ffering praise fr effrt lk and sund like?
C．Many kids will knw when parents’ praise is empty.
D．This makes it mre likely that Jamie will be willing t study in the future.
E．The prblems may result in less effrt，and reduce their verall ability t succeed.
F．A gd basic rule is t make sure that parents ffer a lt mre praise and encuragement than crrectin.
G．It is thus easier fr parents t ntice and praise the successful utcme f children’s effrt rather than their effrt itself.
1．答案 C
解析 上句讲到了表扬也是需要诚恳的，否则就达不到效果，下句提到了父母们如何避免empty praise“空洞的表扬”。C选项“很多孩子都能察觉出父母空洞的表扬”与下文衔接。故选C项。
2．答案 G
解析 第二段的主题是让父母们表扬孩子们的努力过程而非成功的结果。空格前一句指出父母们所处的社会中就是奖励成功，下一句继续说明这种机制不好的原因。G选项“因此父母们更容易注意和表扬孩子们努力带来的成功结果而非努力本身”承接上文。故选G项。
3．答案 E
解析 第二段的后半部分都是在讲“只注重结果”导致的问题，E选项“这种问题可能会导致付出更少的努力，同时减弱取得成功的综合能力”承接上文，符合文意。
4．答案 B
解析 第三段给出了Jamie和她母亲的案例，尽管成绩不理想，母亲依然肯定了Jamie付出的努力，这就是展现“表扬努力”的一个具体例子。B选项“为努力而表扬究竟是怎样的呢”贴合段落主题，适合作为主题句。
5．答案 D
解析 第四段继续上一段Jamie的例子，说明“表扬努力”带来的好处，空格处上一句“通过妈妈的评价，Jamie在心理上得到了支持，也意识到了父母是认可她的努力的”，D选项“这使得Jamie在将来更愿意去学习”承接上文，符合主题。
Ⅰ.高频词汇积累
1．thery n．理论
2．planet n．行星；地球
3．mysterius adj.神秘的，诡秘的；难以解释的
4．clleague n．同事
5．shift v．转移；变换 n．转移；轮班
6．urge v．敦促，催促，强烈要求 n．冲动；强烈的欲望
7．cperate v．协作；配合
8．principle n．道德原则；法则；定律
9．blck n．一块；立方体；大楼；街区 v．堵塞，挡住
10．strategy n．策略；部署；战略学
Ⅱ.长难句分析
1．What was impressive was that my clleagues messaged us，asking why Kun and I didn’t cme back with the clck pinting t 1 am,2 am r even 3 am.
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句。what 引导主语从句，that 引导表语从句；asking...作伴随状语；asking 后为why引导的宾语从句，此从句中又有with 复合结构作伴随状语。
[自主翻译] 令人印象深刻的是，我的同事们给我们发信息，问为什么坤和我没有回来，那时是凌晨1点，凌晨2点，甚至凌晨3点。
[仿写运用] 最让我吃惊的是那个瘦小的女孩赢得了三枚金牌。
What struck me mst was that the thin girl wn three gld medals.
2．The researchers set their bts lse in a simulated envirnment filled with fixed walls and mvable bxes and left them t play team games f hide­and­seek millins f times.
[句式分析] 本句为一个简单句。第二个and连接两个并列谓语set和left，filled with...为分词短语作后置定语修饰envirnment。
[自主翻译] 研究人员把他们的机器人放在一个充满固定墙壁和可移动盒子的模拟环境中，让它们玩数百万次捉迷藏的团队游戏。
[仿写运用] 家长努力营造一个充满舒适和温暖的氛围，使孩子们集中精力学习。
Parents try t create an atmsphere filled with cmfrt and warmth and make their children cncentrate n their study.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了包括作者在内的医疗队赶往武汉抗击疫情，虽然面临被感染和失去生命的危险，但他们仍坚持前行，令人感动。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了讲两种语言的人的优势：他们的注意力会更加集中，患痴呆症的时间会更晚等。
语篇解读 本文是说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。由埃隆·马斯克联合创办的旧金山人工智能实验室OpenAI的一个团队开发的人工智能机器人通过玩捉迷藏学会了合作，还学会了如何使用基本的工具。
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。文章提出了对孩子的表扬很重要，作为家长要更多地对孩子的努力提出表扬，而不要只关注结果。