北京市各区2021届高中英语一模综合测试试题

这是一份北京市各区2021届高中英语一模综合测试试题，共84页。试卷主要包含了完型填空，阅读理解，作文，阅读填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
试卷主标题

姓名：__________ 班级：__________考号：__________
一、完型填空（共4题）
1、 Old Bernard Baruch.81 years old, is still ambitious. His only reference to the past was that, with great pride in eyes. he 1 to rank first in shooting. What makes this man still 2 ? The answer is his strong 3 to keep being productive.
Two of the hardest things to 4 in this world are to get wealth by honest efforts and, having gained it, to learn how to use it in a proper way. Recently I walked into the locker room( 休息室 )of a well-known golf club. A dozen middle-aged men were seated at tables drinking heavily and talking 5 . Day after day these same men hung out there and each of them had been a man of affairs and wealth, 6 in business and respected in society. However, it seemed that they are too content to be aggressive. They knew that their productivity had 7 gradually. When a fruit tree doesn’t bear its fruit, it is dying. In this way it resembles( 类似 )man.
What is the 8 of a long and happy existence in the world? I think I found it long ago in a passage. The words were few, but had a lasting 9 on me: "In the sweat of the face shall you eat the bread." The words have been and will always be a great 10 to me. At the end of the road I want to feel that I have fought a good fight and lived to the full.
1 ． A ． managed B ． seemed C ． expected D ． meant
2 ． A ． careful B ． innocent C ． energetic D ． normal
3 ． A ． reason B ． duty C ． action D ． desire
4 ． A ． receive B ． achieve C ． throw D ． refuse
5 ． A ． aimlessly B ． helplessly C ． fearlessly D ． hopelessly
6 ． A ． interested B ． strict C ． successful D ． absorbed
7 ． A ． disappointed B ． changed C ． improved D ． increased
8 ． A ． trend B ． idea C ． sense D ． secret
9 ． A ． mood B ． influence C ． impression D ． focus
10 ． A ． honor B ． comfort C ． approach D ． inspiration
2、 When it came time to vote for the speaker at graduation in the class meeting, Ms. Lenihan asked who would like to be our class speaker. Being a (an) 1 girl, I tried not to make eye contact. Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers, I felt a sense of 2 . But at last Ms. Lenihan 3 in front of us and said, “We will have another meeting this week, and I expect to see more participation. I am 4 that some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” When she said those words, I looked up to see she was glaring right at me. I felt so nervous, but knowing she had so much 5 in me, I should not let her down.
After spending the whole week practicing a speech, I stood up in front of my classmates. There were eight to ten other participants, and I didn’t 6 much for myself. When the votes came in the next day, Ms. Lenihan announced that the class chose me! I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech. My 7 level went through the roof, but Ms. Lenihan told me she was glad that I had stepped up to the 8 .
Over the next month I worked on my graduation speech. When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 9 when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me. I believe I 1 0 that day, and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.
1 ． A ． shy B ． honest C ． outgoing D ． lazy
2 ． A ． duty B ． shame C ． loss D ． relief
3 ． A ． stayed up B ． climbed up C ． marched up D ． pulled up
4 ． A ． disappointed B ． depressed C ． embarrassed D ． frightened
5 ． A ． faith B ． interest C ． pride D ． ambition
6 ． A ． win B ． expect C ． prove D ． share
7 ． A ． threat B ． anxiety C ． excitement D ． tolerance
8 ． A ． achievement B ． destination C ． failure D ． challenge
9 ． A ． till B ． then C ． but D ． so
1 0 ． A ． proceeded B ． promised C ． innovated D ． transformed
3、
This was the fifth time I'd been to the National Annual Competition. Reporters had been saying that I looked unbeatable. Everyone expected me to 1 . But I knew something was 2 because I couldn't get this one picture out of my head: a picture of me, falling. “Go away,” I'd say. But the image wouldn't 3 .
It was time to skate. The music started, slowly, and I told myself, “Have fun, Michael! It's just a （ n ） 4 .”
Once the music picked up, I started skating faster. I'd practiced the routine so many times, and I didn't have to think about 5 came next. But when I came down from the jump, my foot slipped from under me. I put a hand on the ice to 6 myself, but it didn't do any good.
Things kept getting 7 . On a triple flip ( 三周跳 )I spun through the air, and just as I landed, my whole body went down again. There I was, flat on the ice, with the whole world 8 .
I didn't think I'd be able to pull myself together. But as I got up, I heard an amazing 9 .People were clapping in time to the music. They were trying to give me courage.
I wasn't surprised by my scores. However, the audience's clapping woke me up! I was so busy trying not to 1 0 that I forgot to feel what was in my heart-the love for skating.
1 ． A ． win B ． enjoy C ． share D ． relax
2 ． A ． challenging B ． missing C ． wrong D ． dangerous
3 ． A ． return B ． leave C ． appear D ． stay
4 ． A ． sport B ． activity C ． picture D ． accident
5 ． A ． when B ． why C ． who D ． what
6 ． A ． prepare B ． catch C ． comfort D ． measure
7 ． A ． clearer B ． easier C ． heavier D ． worse
8 ． A ． watching B ． expecting C ． ignoring D ． changing
9 ． A ． voice B ． story C ． sound D ． idea
1 0 ． A ． collapse B ． resist C ． fall D ． escape
4、 Take an Option
Jerry was a natural motivator. He was always in a good mood and always had something 1 to say, which really made me curious. One day I went up to ask him how he did that. “Well, life is all about 2 . It’s your option how you live your life,” Jerry replied.
Soon I moved to another city. Several months later, I heard that Jerry was seriously injured in the chest while skiing. 3 , he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital. After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care, he was 4 from the hospital.
Later, when we met again, I asked Jerry what had 5 his mind during the accident. “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die. I chose to live,” Jerry said. “The paramedics ( 急救人员 ) were great. They kept telling me I was going to be fine. But when they 6 me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces of the doctors, I got really 7 . In their eyes, I read, ‘He’s a dead man.’ I knew I needed to take action. I told them, ‘Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.’ You see, I just tried to 8 their confidence.” Finally Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing 9 to live.
Jerry has taught me a lot. I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. Your 1 0 , after all, is everything.
1 ． A ． regular B ． familiar C ． positive D ． typical
2 ． A ． choices B ． trends C ． relations D ． secrets
3 ． A ． Normally B ． Obviously C ． Hopefully D ． Luckily
4 ． A ． preserved B ． released C ． distinguished D ． abandoned
5 ． A ． gone through B ． put up C ． turned in D ． called for
6 ． A ． forced B ． followed C ． wheeled D ． recommended
7 ． A ． bored B ． frightened C ． confused D ． embarrassed
8 ． A ． express B ． share C ． gain D ． inspire
9 ． A ． talent B ． achievement C ． desire D ． evidence
1 0 ． A ． attitude B ． standard C ． ability D ． control
二、阅读理解（共23题）
1、 Vaccines( 疫苗 ) may soon make their first film appearance. Led by expert Maria A ． Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without refrigeration. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf.
Croyle’s laboratory began developing the technology in 2007. Inspired by amber’s ability to preserve the DNA of insects, the researchers set out to create their own version of the substance by mixing “a lot of sugar and a little bit of salt, much like hard candy,” Croyle explains. The vaccine-containing film is administered by mouth—sweet news for many who dislike needles.
The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “We’ve learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transferable to developing countries.”
Immunization( 免疫 ) programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold(2℃-8℃) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to far-away locations. Delivery can be difficult and costly, and transport disruptions can cause the vaccines to be ineffective.
But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances , the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot( 流感预防针 ). “The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, a pharmacologist, who was not involved in the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation( 配方 ) for future stages of development.
Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40℃.
Size is a major advantage—a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses( 剂 ) of vaccine, about 1⁄900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over, particularly in middle- to low- income countries.
1 ． What can we learn about the film?
A ． It contains animal’s DNA ． B ． It will replace vaccines.
C ． It comes in different flavours. D ． It can hold bio-products.
2 ． According to Paragraph 3, we can learn about the film’s ________.
A ． key component B ． development schedule
C ． possible advantages D ． transportation requirements
3 ． The author mentions Lisa Rohan’s words to ________.
A ． advise personalizing vaccines
B ． suggest the product is promising
C ． prove the study is supported widely
D ． stress the functions of a new platform
4 ． What will be the next urgent task for Croyle’s team?
A ． Advertising the film worldwide. B ． Improving the film’s capacity.
C ． Reducing the shipping cost. D ． Seeking ideal manufacturers.
2、 Albert Einstein’s 1915 masterpiece “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity” is the first and still the best introduction to the subject, and I recommend it as such to students. But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not? After all, it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance. And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers, in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12.”
No, the problem is its style. It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics. Those two sections, which would be considered extraneous today, take up half the paper. Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape. Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured. And anything involving work with human subjects, or putting instruments in space, involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search, the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions. In the early decades of its 78-year history, the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive, amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own. Today, polished work coming out of internships( 实习 ) at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science. Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers, applications and people. But there are serious downsides. A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops( 繁文缛节 ), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course, Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results. Its scientific core wouldn’t have changed, but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
1 ． According to Richard Feynman, Einstein’s 1915 paper ________.
A ． was a classic in theoretical physics
B ． turned out to be comprehensible
C ． needed further improvement
D ． attracted few professionals
2 ． What does the underlined word “extraneous” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A ． Unrealistic. B ． Irrelevant.
C ． Unattractive. D ． Imprecise.
3 ． According to the author, what is affected as modern science develops?
A ． The application of research findings.
B ． The principle of scientific research.
C ． The selection of young talents.
D ． The evaluation of laboratories.
4 ． Which would be the best title for this passage?
A ． What makes Einstein great?
B ． Will science be professionalized?
C ． Could Einstein get published today?
D ． How will modern science make advances?
3、 The spa town of Cheltenham sits on the edge of the Cotswolds, in the county of Gloucester. Below is a look at four fabulous attractions that make Cheltenham such a terrific place to visit.
Cheltenham Festival
The festival is an annual, four-day feast of racing and, on the last day, features the famous Cheltenham Gold Cup Steeplechase. It's a dramatic race of around 3 miles and 2.5 furlongs. and the horses have to clear 22 fences. Anything can happen. In 2020,this last day of the festival drew in a crowd of 68,859.
Pittville Park
If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland. There's also a lower lake at which you can fish during fishing season. That's not the only activity, however. There's a skate park, tennis courts and a small children's play area.
Holst Birthplace Museum
Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born. You'll receive a taste of what Victorian life was like, as the home boasts a working Victorian kitchen, scullery, and nursery. The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets .
Sudeley Castle
This private castle, which is surrounded by views of the Cotswolds, holds the claim to fame of being the only castle in England to have a queen buried in the grounds. The castle has witnessed all sorts of drama throughout its history and is one of the most interesting Tudor castles you'll ever visit.
If you would like more information on Cheltenham Town, please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.
1 ． Pitville Park is unique in its_______
A ． game areas. B ． horse racing. C ． beautiful views. D ． children's performances.
2 ． Which of the following will a music fan be interested in?
A ． Pitville Park. B ． Sudeley Castle. C ． Cheltenham Festival. D ． Holst Birthplace Museum.
3 ． Where is this article probably from?
A ． A diary. B ． A novel. C ． A website. D ． A magazine.
4、 What comes to mind when you think of kung fu? If your mind is filled with images of Shaolin monks, Bruce Lee, or Kung Fu Panda, you wouldn't be wrong. But for Laurence J. Brahm, an American documentary filmmaker, the first thing that springs to mind is the concept of non-violence.
As Brahm explained, if you break down the character "wu" it consists of two characters: one is "ge" meaning dagger-axe; the other is"zhi" meaning to stop. So, the meaning of martial arts in Chinese is not the art of fighting, a concept that many people take for granted. On the contrary, he said, kung fu is the art of stopping fighting.
Brahm's relationship with kung fu dates back to the 1970s when he was a karate student in Hawaii. "My master always told me that if you want to fully understand karate, you have to go to Shaolin in China. That's where the origin is, "Brahm said. In 1981,he managed to visit the Shaolin Temple, situated at the foot of the Songshan Mountain in Central China, for the very first time. He left the mountain, a little disappointed at not finding the martial-arts spirit he expected. But his passion for kung fu and his desire to find out more were stronger than ever before.
Over the years he trained in many different styles, such as tai chi, Wing Chun, Jeet Kune Do to understand all of them. "Martial arts can help us connect our body, connect our neural system, connect our blood flow, and also help connect us into our environment to increase our awareness. Martial arts is moving meditation ( 冥想 )," Brahm said, his eyes bright and intense.
But to him, kung fu's charm and values are far more than that. He combined the knowledge from many masters and scholars with his own experience as a practitioner and tutor to extract 12 key principles and values of the martial arts: perseverance, roots, loyalty, respect, harmony, change, balance, centering, emptiness, flow, pragmatism, non-violence.
"Kung fu, in my eves, is a mirror of Chinese culture.” Brahm said “The traditional values of kung fu, actually, are in the minds of all Chinese people.”
1 ． What does Paragraph 2 really want to tell us?
A ． The character “ge” means “to stop”.
B ． Kung fu is the “art of non-violence”.
C ． The character “wu” consists of two characters.
D ． Martial arts in Chinese means the “art of fighting”.
2 ． How did Brahm manage to get the idea of kung fu’s values?
A ． He visited the Shaolin Temple in 1981.
B ． He trained in many different styles over the years.
C ． His master told him about it when he was in Hawaii.
D ． He joined his knowledge and his experience together.
3 ． According to the passage, which word can best describe Brahm?
A ． Determined. B ． Energetic. C ． Confident. D ． Friendly.
5、 People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research.
It seems that distracted( 分心的 )brains do not notice what the mouth is doing, said Dr. Alan Hirsch, neurological director of the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation in Chicago.
Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. Forty-five volunteers ate as many chips as they wanted every six minutes while they watched monologues by late-night talk show hosts David Letterman and Jay Leno. They were still given chips to eat when the television was off. Hirsch found people ate an average of 44 percent more chips while watching Letterman and 42 percent more while viewing Leno, than when they did not watch TV.
If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster, "Hirsch said in an interview at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting in Toronto. So if that's the case, let's look at the opposite. What if you're distracted? If you're distracted, in theory, then you'd eat more."
Through his research at the foundation, Hirsch has helped people overcome the loss of sense of smell and sense of taste. which typically results in weight gain because the brain does not know when it should stop eating.
The ventromedial nucleus( 腹内侧核 )in the hypothalamus( 下 丘脑 ) ， where the so-called satiety( 饱腹感 )center is located. tells the body whether it is hungry or full. It is inhibited or tricked, the result can be changes in eating patterns, he said.
People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day, "said Hirsch," By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus."
Volunteers were asked to concentrate on the sensory characteristics of the food such as taste and smell. Researchers say these sensory clues, in addition to inner body changes. mark satiety.
But when distracted. a person does not pay attention to either the body's sensations of feeling full, or to the sensory characteristics of the food.
Many studies have linked being fat to watching television and that link is likely due to inactivity, Hirsch said. But perhaps entertaining shows are also contributing.
"If you want to lose weight, turn off the television or watch something boring," he said.
1 ． When Hirsch conducted the research, he______
A ． evaluated the degree of the volunteers' loss of taste.
B ． measured the amount of the chips the volunteers ate.
C ． analyzed the volunteers' preference on TV programs.
D ． counted the minutes the volunteers spent on TV programs.
2 ． According to the research, when will you feel full faster?.
A ． When we are distracted.
B ． When we focus on how the food tastes.
C ． When we are watching entertaining programs.
D ． When the brain doesn't know when it should stop eating.
3 ． Why does the author mention "People who cooks paghetti all day don't feel like eating it at the end of the day"?
A ． It tells us that eating spaghetti is inhabited.
B ． It indicates that spaghetti doesn't taste good at the end of the day.
C ． It tells us that people who cook spaghetti don' like eating spaghetti.
D ． It shows that smell is "telling" the hypothalamus that the body is full.
4 ． What is the main purpose of the article?
A ． To prove that being fat is linked to inactivity.
B ． To reveal the relationship between TV programs and eating behaviors.
C ． to explain why watching television makes people eat more and gain weight.
D ． To find how sensory characteristics of the food affects people's feelings of eating.
6、 Our electronic devices today store an awful lot of personal information. We use the devices to read and send e-mails, check bank balances, and even pay our bills over the internet. We want to be assured that if our devices are stolen. our personal information stored inside them will remain safe from the thief who physically possesses the device.
To deal with this problem. Apple has come out with a new iPhone that uses biometric( 生物识别的 )information to lock itself up. The phone has a fingerprint scanner that will lock or unlock the phone. Your fingerprint becomes the key, and this makes it nearly impossible for others to use your phone without your immediate permission- or does it?
At first look, one would think that this type of security would be welcome in the high-tech community where privacy is valued. Instead, some people are even more worried about their privacy. According to revealed documents, the US National Security Agency is able to slip into smartphones, while the agency can also legally force companies to turn over customers' personal information. If this is true, the fingerprint scanner on your smartphone might become a tool for the authorities to collect your fingerprint data.
Another problem with using biometrics to secure devices is that people don't know how secure the systems actually are. Germany's Chaos Computer Club claimed to have slipped into a biometrically secured iPhone within days of the device's release to the public. If this is the case, people who are using this type of security are much more vulnerable than they are led to believe. Although most security systems are hacked by someone eventually, the speed at which biometric security was hacked was very upset to some.
Regardless of how a device is secured, the debate is still attributes to the trade-off between privacy and security. Governments sometimes need to look at large amounts of information in order to defeat terrorist secret plans, and necessarily, some of the data come from you and me. When we use iPhones and other devices, we lose the ability to safeguard information that we would rather keep private, and we are forced to put trust in others.
It will always be difficult to strike a balance between privacy and security with growing changing technology. Nevertheless, one thing is crystal clear: we all have to sacrifice some of our privacy in order to have security for the public.
1 ． Why do people want to be assured that their electronic devices won’t be stolen?
A ． Because people depend too much on it .
B ． Because electronic devices are necessary in the workplace .
C ． Because electronic devices are getting more and more expensive.
D ． Because there is too much personal information in their electronic devices.
2 ． The example of the US National Security Agency aims to tell us _____
A ． The biometric devices are fully safe.
B ． Companies keep users’ personal information safe.
C ． The biometric devices will be the popular way to ensure our privacy.
D ． The authorities may drive companies to turn in users’ fingerprint data.
3 ． The underline word in Paragraph 4 means_____
A ． stable. B ． insecure. C ． reliable. D ． difficult.
4 ． From the last paragraph we can learn that____
A ． the government will eventually know everything about us.
B ． It is impossible to know who can be trusted in this technological world.
C ． It is necessary to give up a certain amount of privacy for the sake of security.
D ． Very few people are willing to use fingerprint security on their new phones.
7、 There are a variety of clubs which provide social and cultural activities for students wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.
Charles Peguy Centre
Royal Overseas League
CPC is a French youth centre, providing advice, support and information to young Europeans aged between 18-25. Facilities include an information and advice service regarding education, work placement and general welfare rights. Moreover, the centre holds a database of jobs and accommodation in London. Members may use a fax machine, a copier and computers to surf online or check e-mails for free.
Hours: Monday 14:00-17:00
Tuesday-Friday 10:00-17:00
Membership: £35 per year
Open 365 days per year, ROL is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation. There are branches around the world and 57 reciprocal clubs worldwide. Quarterly magazines, literary lectures, annual music and art competitions, and summer and winter programme of events are provided for members.
Membership fees: aged 17-20, £47 per year
aged 21-25, £70 per year
For further information, please contact the membership secretary.
YMCA London Central
Kensington Committee for Overseas Students
YMCA is a social club. Most members are young English professionals, but overseas visitors are welcome. Facilities include photography, art, drama, pottery, language courses at different levels, badminton, fitness testing, cycling, yoga and other activities.
Hours: weekdays 07:00-22:30
weekends 10:00-21:00
Membership fees: £125 per year
Hotline: 05667932
KCOS is a society for young people from all countries. Each month there are some 40 parties, discos, visits to theatres, concerts, walks and other gatherings where members will be able to meet lots of people. A new programme is sent each month directly to members. The club arranges a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. To find out more, telephone the club or write (freepost) to the office.
Hours: 10:30-17:30
Tel: 05663801
1 ． The passage is mainly for ______.
A ． young English professionals.
B ． local students from different backgrounds .
C ． European students in London.
D ． the youth wishing to meet different people.
2 ． According to the passage, which club can provide the places to live in?
A ． CPC ． B ． ROL. C ． YMCA . D ． KCOS.
3 ． If you want more information about language study, you can ______.
A ． make a phone call
B ． go to the office in person
C ． send a fax or an e-mail.
D ． turn to the membership secretary.
8、 I know what courage looks like. I saw it on a flight I took six years ago, and only now can I speak of it without tears filling eyes at the memory.
Our flight left the Orlando Airport one Friday morning. But immediately upon take-off, it was clear that something was wrong. The aircraft was bumping( 颠簸 ) up and down. All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them. However, we did not remain calm for long.
Minutes after we were in the air, our plane began falling quickly. The pilot soon made a serious announcement. “We are having some difficulties,” he said. “Our indicators show that the control system has failed. We will be returning to the Orlando Airport. The flight attendants will prepare you for a bumpy landing. Also, if you look out of the windows, you will see that we are dumping fuel from the airplane. We want to have as little on board as possible in the event of a rough touchdown.” In other words, we were about to crash. Many travellers looked visibly frightened now. No one faces death without fear, I thought.
Then a couple of rows to my left, I heard a still calm voice, a woman’s voice, speaking in an absolutely normal conversational tone. I had to find the source of this voice. All around, people cried. Many screamed. Finally, I saw her. In this chaos, a mother was talking to her child. The woman, in her mid-30s, was staring full into the face of her daughter, who looked to be four years old. The child listened closely, sensing the importance of her mother’s words. The mother’s gaze held the child so fixed that she seemed untouched by the sounds of grief and fear around her.
Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.
However, the voice I heard that day never faded. That mom showed me what a real hero looks like.
1 ． What does the author imply by saying “some travellers’ knowing smiles” in Paragraph 2?
A ． They were used to this kind of experience.
B ． They were quite familiar with each other.
C ． They were well-educated passengers.
D ． They were pretending to be calm.
2 ． What happened shortly after take-off?
A ． The plane met bad weather and had to return immediately.
B ． The flight indicators showed the plane’s control system failed.
C ． One of the passengers was badly ill and the plane had to turn back.
D ． A flight attendant explained flight safety instructions to the passengers.
3 ． Hearing the pilot’s announcement, how did most travellers respond?
A ． They asked for help.
B ． They remained calm.
C ． They cried and screamed.
D ． They rejected the bumpy landing.
4 ． What is the best title for the passage?
A ． The shape of love.
B ． The voice of courage.
C ． The wisdom of a pilot.
D ． The danger of a journey.
9、 What is a port city?

The port city provides a rich understanding of the movement of people and goods around the world. We understand a port as a centre of island-sea exchange and a major force for cultural mixing.
Ports and harbours
Harbor is a physical concept, a shelter for ships; Port is an economic concept, a centre of land-sea exchange which demands goods for export and import. Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters( 防水堤 ) and dredging( 清淤 ). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.
________________________
Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes. Water transport means cheap access, the chief basis of all port cities. Many of the world’s biggest cities, for example, London, New York, Shanghai, Tokyo and San Francisco began as ports-that is, with land-sea exchange as their major function. Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.
International city and trade
Port functions, more than anything else, can make a city more international. A port is open to the world. In it races, cultures, as well as goods from a variety of places, mix and enrich each other and the life of the city. But much domestic port trade has not been recorded. What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than foreign trade. Shanghai, for example, did most of its trade with other Chinese ports and inland cities, Calcutta traded mainly with other parts of India and so on.
Position of port city centre
Cities which began as ports keep the chief commercial and administrative centre of the city close to the waterfront. The centre of New York is in lower Manhattan between two river mouths, the city of London is on the Thames, Shanghai along the Bund. This is also true of Boston, Bombay, Madras, Bangkok and Singapore, where the commercial, financial, and administrative centres are still grouped around their harbours even though each city has expanded into a big one. Even a casual visitor cannot mistake them as anything but port cities.
1 ． Which port city is changed from a harbour by improving the facilities?
A ． Singapore. B ． Bangkok. C ． New York. D ． Madras.
2 ． Which would be the best heading for Paragraph 2?
A ． Good ports, huge profit centres.
B ． Once a port city, always a port city.
C ． Water transport, basis of port cities.
D ． Port functions, a feature of big cities.
3 ． What can we learn about port cities?
A ． They have water connections.
B ． They don’t trade with inland cities.
C ． They are easily mistaken for harbours.
D ． They moved their chief centres away from waterfront.
10、 Nowadays, video gaming has made impressive gains in the field of standardized competition. One of the fashionable debates is whether competitive video games are sports or not. If cyberathletes are competing against formal teams in a formal environment, with real titles and monetary stakes on the line, it seems strange not to consider the activity a sport. However, unless something technologically odd gains complete control over our world in the next few decades, they never should be. Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways.
Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics. A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic. A competitive video gamer from decades past might be aware of the final goal (winning the game, capturing the flag, eliminating the opposing team, etc.), but the execution ( 执行方式 ) would be completely foreign . Controls change, maps change, locations change, even the minute rules are adjusted on a regular basis. As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated.
Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric( 深奥的 ) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. Even decade-old competitive games like Counter-Strike 1.6 require more equipment and gear than most traditional sports. A pick-up game of basketball, football, or soccer is far more accessible than a pick-up game of Counter-Strike .
Traditional sports are embedded in our culture for good reasons: they offer an entertaining diversion and a great form of physical activity for millions of worldwide fans. The principles and lessons gleaned from traditional sports emphasize teamwork, collaboration, and critical evaluations of any given game setting. While many of these lessons are applicable to competitive gaming, competitive video gamers are still distancing themselves from competing for “sport” status, when their pastime and trade is so fundamentally different and ever-changing at such a regular pace.
1 ． What is the author’s opinion towards competitive video games?
A ． They can be seen as sports due to their emphasis on teamwork.
B ． They can be seen as sports due to their standardized regulations.
C ． They can not be seen as sports due to their lack of physical and mental efforts.
D ． They can not be seen as sports due to the inconsistent rules and high requirements.
2 ． What does the underlined word “foreign” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A ． Difficult. B ． Common. C ． Typical. D ． Different.
3 ． Why does the author mention Counter-Strike in Paragraph 3?
A ． To explain the reason why eSports surpass traditional sports.
B ． To explore the possibility that competitive video games will be sports.
C ． To provide an example of the difference between eSports and traditional sports.
D ． To account for the fact that the competitive features of video games are impressive.
4 ． How does the author develop his idea?
A ． By quoting and citing.
B ． By listing and analyzing.
C ． By comparison and contrast.
D ． By explaining and evaluating.
11、 Various Apps to Learn
Apps are typical digital learning tools, which can give you diverse and personalized content to meet your needs. Want to find an app that can help you learn? Here are some great ideas for you.

Khan Academy allows you to learn almost anything for free. It covers subjects such as math, physics, biology, and even computer science. The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. You can review subjects that you are not good at, or start learning a subject you like. The app is in English. If you want to see its translation you can visit http://open. 163. com/khan.

BrainPOP mixes learning and technology in a fun and simple way. It's free and teaches you something new every day. From the solar system to DNA, each topic starts with an interesting cartoon movie. After you've watched it, you can take a test to see how much you've learned.

Udemy is a “learn on demand” website and app. It is for career-oriented individuals to start their course pricing at $10.99. This app allows you the flexibility to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring ( 重复的 ) payments before you finish. This flexible learning app allows you to take things slow, fast, or anywhere in-between with complete control on your end.

Duolingo is the premier leader in language education for learning apps. You can learn to speak 29 different languages, all at the touch of a button. You'll be invited to not only read new words, but to speak them. You'll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!
1 ． According to the passage, what apps allow you to learn at your speed?
A ． Khan Academy and Udemy. B ． Udemy and Duolingo.
C ． Khan Academy and BrainPOP. D ． BrainPOP and Duolingo.
2 ． What can Duolingo offer its users?
A ． Subjects reviewing. B ． Speaking practice.
C ． Technical support. D ． Career training.
3 ． What is the purpose of the passage?
A ． To compare the difference of different learning methods.
B ． To introduce the development of learning technology.
C ． To help find the suitable learning apps.
D ． To provide various learning activities.
12、 Recycling Electronic Waste
When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping ( 丢弃 ) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.
Alex was really worried and decided to make it next project for WIN—the Westerly Innovations Network. Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before.
But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans. They learned how to dispose ( 处置 ) of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled. Then, they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was, let alone how to properly dispose of it.
Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot. The drive lasted two days, and they collected over 9, 500 kilograms of e-waste.
The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town. After some research, they’d learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling. So, they began learning to refurbish ( 翻新 ) computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn’t have their own. In this way, they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time.
For a lasting solution to e-waste, the drop-off center wasn’t enough. Laws would have to be passed. In 2016, WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town, which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste. The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste.
Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste. As Alex says, “Today’s technology should not become tomorrow’s harmful garbage.”
1 ． What was Alex’s worry after he read the article?
A ． The littering of e-waste. B ． The recycling of plastic.
C ． The change of environment. D ． The overuse of old computers.
2 ． What did Alex do to start the project?
A ． Set up WIN. B ． Collect information.
C ． Ask friends for help. D ． Carry out a survey.
3 ． Which can best describe the way Alex and his team did their work?
A ． Traditional. B ． Competitive.
C ． Scientific. D ． Convenient.
4 ． What message does the story convey?
A ． There is no end to perfection.
B ． Success comes through failure.
C ． Every positive attitude has a reward.
D ． Young people can make a big difference.
13、 Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will willingly keep it on. They can remove it, if one becomes annoying. But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.
The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift ( 漂流 ) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice drifts in Hudson Bay are unique; there are no easily accessible on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.
The team compared the removed collars’ movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay — as well as the overall extent of drift. Over the course of several months the model could diverge ( 偏离 ) from an ice sheet’s location by a few hundred kilometers, the scientists say.
This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had assumed, “Since we’re underestimating the speed of drift, we’re likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears,” says Ron Togunov, who led the study.
The study reveals timely insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in coming years, such ice will likely become more common farther north, in the central Arctic, says Andy Mahoney, a geophysicist at the University of Alaska, who was not involved in the study. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, Mahoney says, but “any time we can find a data gap and plug it is a good thing.”
Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist. The findings may even influence future NSIDC models. “It'’s a really nice data set.” Meier says. “And certainly one we’ll take under consideration.”
1 ． What can a GPS tracking collar do?
A ． Measure the depth of ice sheet. B ． Capture the movement of ice.
C ． Describe the melting speed of ice. D ． Record the emotional state of bears.
2 ． What can we learn about the collar data?
A ． It shows the ice moves more slowly from its original location.
B ． It may reveal polar bears are not so energetic as before.
C ． It indicates the ice is more likely to move south in the central Arctic.
D ． It can help predict the location of some pollutants in seas.
3 ． Which would be the best title for this passage?
A ． Data Tells a Different Story B ． Wild Polar Bears’ Signaling
C ． Insights into a Puzzling Aspect D ． Ice Is Taken under Consideration
14、 At university, when I told people I was studying for a history degree, the response was almost always the same, “You want to be a teacher?” No, a journalist. “Oh. But you’re not majoring in communications?”
In the days when a university education was a privilege, perhaps there wasn’t the assumption that a degree had to be a springboard directly into a career. Those days are long gone. Today, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that more than halves your chances of being unemployed. Still, that alone is no guarantee of a job—and yet we’re paying more and more for one.
Given those costs, most of us want to maximize that investment — and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education. Want to be a journalist? Study journalism, we’re told. A lawyer? Pursue pre-law. Not totally sure? Go into STEM (Science, Technology, Engineer and Maths) — you can become an engineer or an IT expert. And no matter what you do, forget the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.
It’s true that the humanities come with a higher risk of unemployment, but the risk is slighter than you would imagine. For young people in the U.S. , the unemployment rate of those with humanities degrees is four percent, just a little more than that of engineering degree holders. Lower salaries may not be caused by the degree itself either. The gender pay gap persists in the humanities, whose graduates are more likely to be female. Is it any wonder then that language teachers tend to make less than engineers?
According to LinkedIn’s research on the most sought-after job skills by employers for 2019, the ability to communicate and get along with people, to understand what’s on other people’s minds, and to do full-strength critical analysis were all valued and appreciated. It goes without saying that you can be an excellent communicator and critical thinker without a humanities degree. And any good university education, not just one in English or psychology, should sharpen these abilities further. But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities — whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.
The whole question of whether a student should choose STEM versus the humanities might be misguided to begin with. The headlines most of us see don’t help. Whatever a student pursues in university, it must be something that they are not only good at, but interested in. Even if it means pursuing a “useless” degree — like one in humanities.
1 ． Why are people paying more and more for a degree?
A ． Because people need a degree to further their career.
B ． Because university education is considered a privilege.
C ． Because a degree is viewed as a must for landing a job.
D ． Because their interest can be developed in university.
2 ． The author mentioned a plug-and-play type of approach to show ________.
A ． a tip for choosing a major
B ． the importance of higher education
C ． a problem that exists among STEM graduates
D ． the reason why people overlook the humanities
3 ． According to the author, what is the benefit of majoring in humanities?
A ． A comparatively high salary after graduation.
B ． Better chances of getting rid of gender prejudice.
C ． A better communicative skill than science students.
D ． More exposure to the training of language and thinking.
4 ． What is the author's attitude towards the pursuit of humanities?
A ． Doubtful. B ． Optimistic.
C ． Objective. D ． Concerned.
15、 Skillshare is a video lesson app which has become highly popular nowadays. It will likely appeal more to older kids (age 14+) since classes focus primarily on professional development with topics like digital design, technology and marketing. There are also plenty of art and music classes for more creative learners. Read the developer’s privacy policy for details on how your kid’s information is collected, used and shared, and any choices you may have in the matter, and this privacy policy applies to all users.
What is it about?
Skillshare has a large database of online lessons taught by industry experts. Kids can search for a class by topic or by entering key words. Each class contains a series of video lessons that are taught as a lecture. Some classes have only a few lessons, while others have 10 or more. In fact, one guitar class has more than 100 lessons. Many classes include projects, and most end with a brief Final Thoughts lesson to sum up the class content. There’s a review section where users can leave advice. Kids can watch the lessons within that class directly from the app. They can also save classes to watch later, and any classes they begin are automatically saved to a watch list. Many classes are offered in the free version of the app, and a paid version gives users access to a much more extensive class list—more than 28,000 lessons.
Is it any good?
All the teachers in the app are passionate about their work, so it’s an excellent way to foster the same passion in your kids, as long as there is a genuine interest in the content being offered.
What kind of membership are you interested in?
1 month
6 months
12 months
36 months
$14.99 per month
$12.99 per month
$10.99 per month
$6.99 per month
You can cancel any time.
Email address for contact: skillshare@gdpr-rep.com
1 ． The passage is intended for ______.
A ． kids B ． parents C ． teachers D ． industry experts
2 ． How much should you pay monthly for an annual membership?
A ． $14.99. B ． $12.99. C ． $10.99    . D ． $6.99.
3 ． What can we learn from the passage?
A ． Skillshare allows curious older kids to learn at their own pace.
B ． The privacy policy is limited to the registered members of Skillshare.
C ． Subscribers can only cancel the order within one month of its purchase.
D ． Each class has more than 100 career-related lessons in the Skillshare app.
16、 What animal pulls at your heartstrings—a panda or a toad ( 蟾蜍 )? Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.
Cooke’s blogs and online videos bring her unusual storytelling style to a serious message: If we only care for the best loved animals, other important parts of the web of life could be ignored. There are so many television shows about lovely animals like koala bears and kittens, she observes. All the attention seems focused on “celebrity” animals. “Those unusual creatures attract me because they tell an amazing evolutionary ( 进化 ) story,” Cooke said. “I’m interested in all of nature, not just the shiny bits.”
Amphibians—animals like frogs that live both on land and in water—top Cooke’s list. Over a third of amphibians are going extinct; it’s the worst extinction crisis since the dinosaurs were wiped off the planet. “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well,” she noted. “That motivated me to start my blog, The Amphibian Avenger. When amphibians go extinct, birds and snakes that eat them also disappear. And since they breathe through their skin, they are easily attacked by pollution and climate change. That makes them fantastic instruments for measuring the health of ecosystems.”
One of Cooke’s most popular online videos is about sloths—extremely slow-moving animals that live in trees. They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. In fact, “slothfulness” is the key to the animal’s success, allowing the sloth’s liver ( 肝脏 ) to process poisonous substances found in the leaves it eats. Moving slowly also keeps it hidden from enemies. “My video showed the world how interesting they are,” Cooke said.
The bats, dung beetles and more get their moment in the sun thanks to Cooke. “I just want people to share my sense of amazement and love for these creatures.” Cooke stated. “Once you understand why they’re ugly or odd, you’ll appreciate them and want to save them as much as I do.”
1 ． Cooke started The Amphibian Avenger in order to ________.
A ． make the animal popular with people
B ． show her unique appreciation of beauty
C ． introduce the research on a new species
D ． explain the importance of this kind of animal
2 ． Cooke’s video about sloths is an example of ________
A ． why some animals deserve their reputation
B ． why she thinks it necessary to save animals
C ． how people focus on some specific animals
D ． how she is trying to change people’s minds
3 ． What is the best title of the passage?
A ． Animal Defender
B ． Intelligent Animals
C ． Cooke’s Storytelling Blogs
D ． The Secret of Extinct Creatures
17、 The Land Under the Sea
Ten thousand years ago, as the last ice age ended, sea levels around the world were far lower than they are today. Much of the land under both the North Sea to the east of Britain and the English Channel which now separates France and Britain was part of a huge region of forests and grassy plains. Then the climate gradually became warmer and the water trapped in large masses of ice was released.
Now the development of advanced sonar ( 声纳 ) technology, known as bathymetry , is making it possible to study this flooded landscape in extraordinary detail. A special echo ( 回声 ) sounder is fixed to the bottom of a survey ship and it makes wide sweeps across the seabed. While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps. For the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image. The site of pre-historic settlements can now be pinpointed .
According to expert Linda Andrews, this technological development is of huge significance. “We now have the ability to map the seabed as accurately as we can map dry land,” she says.
Once bathymetric techniques have identified sites where people might have built their homes and villages, divers can be sent down to investigate further. Robot submarines ( 潜艇 ) can also be used, and researchers hope they will find stone tools and wood from houses as proof of human activity. The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings: Britain has been inhabited for about 500,000 years and much of this time it has been linked on and off to continental Europe. It remains to be seen how far this new awareness is taken on board, however.
In fact, the use of bathymetry will not be limited to the study of lost landscapes and ancient settlements. It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents. In addition, commercial applications are a real possibility. Aggregates ( 骨材 ) for the construction industry are becoming increasingly expensive, and bathymetry can be used to identify suitable sites for digging for this material. Mapping the seabed will also identify places where rare plants and shellfish are living. Digging at such sites should be prevented, either to work for a profit or to make deeper waterways for massive container ships.
1 ． How does bathymetry work?
A ． It has an echo sounder placed on the seabed.
B ． It makes use of a number of different devices.
C ． It produces two-dimensional images of the sea floor.
D ． It bases its calculations on the location of construction sites.
2 ． What does the underlined word “pinpointed” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A ． Occupied. B ． Adjusted.
C ． Rebuilt. D ． Discovered.
3 ． The author believes a better understanding of the settlements on the seabed may ________.
A ． attract investment in the research under the sea
B ． inspire people to take an interest in modern technology
C ． adapt the attitudes of the British to their country’s history
D ． receive confirmation of rebuilding ancient man-made objects
4 ． We can learn that the use of bathymetry will help to ________.
A ． identify new species of plants and animals
B ． provide the precise location of sunken ships
C ． evaluate the cost of seeking certain resources
D ． promote the development of deeper waterways
18、 Lessons in the Lost Art of Listening
When was the last time you listened to someone? And when was the last time someone really listened to you? I once asked people what it meant to be a good listener. The typical response was a blank stare.
Of course, technology plays a role. People find phone calls interrupting them, preferring text or wordless emoji. Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening. You can join clubs to perfect your public speaking, but who attempts to achieve excellence in listening? The loud unpleasant mixture of sounds of modern life also stops us from listening.
Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.
Good listeners ask good questions. They engage in exploring the topic, not to divert attention. There are curious questions like “Wouldn’t you agree…?” or “Don’t you think…?” These questions have strong tendencies. They will greatly influence the other person to change his or her view. And you’d better stay away from some personal questions like “What do you do for a living?” or “What part of town do you live in?” Just try to find out what excites people. Ask about the last movie they saw or for the story behind a piece of jewelry they’re wearing. Also good are expansive questions, such as, “If you could spend a month, where would you go?” Research indicates that when people who don’t know each other well ask each other this type of question, they feel more connected than if they spend time together achieving a task.
Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.
The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions. We are, each of us, the sum of what we attend to in life. The gentle voice of a mother and the criticism of a boss both ultimately form and shape us. And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.
1 ． One of the factors that influence listening is that ________.
A ． our confidence in listening is decreasing
B ． our speech creates a lot of noise around us
C ． listening skills are seldom taught in school
D ． texting causes a better effect than phone calls
2 ． What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A ． Why the art of listening gets lost by itself.
B ． Why effective methods are used in listening.
C ． How people make themselves well understood.
D ． How people can reclaim the lost art of listening.
3 ． According to the author, what should people do when they are listening?
A ． Avoid being absent-minded.
B ． Come up with curious questions.
C ． Focus on the speaker’s personal information.
D ． Try to find common interests with the speaker.
4 ． What can be inferred from the passage?
A ． Listening and speaking deserve equal attention.
B ． Good listeners maximize the benefits for themselves.
C ． Bad listening ultimately contributes to people’s failure.
D ． Listeners’ clear mind facilitates speakers’ expression of thoughts.
19、 Reversal—change your perspective and solve your problem
It’s often your definition of a problem that limits you in finding a suitable solution. Creative solutions require a change of perspective. 1 ．
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based on the thought that to change your perspective, you sometimes need to change the order of the words in your problem definition.
How you change the order of the words doesn’t matter much, as long as the key words are reversed. 2 ． Your challenge is “How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work?”. Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as “How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work?”  In this case, the first statement will make you think of alternative means of transportation, like trains or bikes, while the second statement will probably make you think of solutions like carpooling—fewer cars for the same number of people.
Not every problem statement is suitable for a reversal. Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. 3 ． For instance, the question “how might we sell more washing machines?” is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with “washing machines”. Yet, when you rephrase the question to “How might we sell more washing machines to young parents?” you can easily change it to “How might we sell more young parents to washing machines? 4 ． You could interpret this last sentence as “the washing machine pays the young parents to try it out”. Then, you could start communicating to potential buyers how much they will save each year when they choose your energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. 5 ． However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will “cost” you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain.
A ． The second problem statement is much more logical.
B ． Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.
C ． Rephrasing your challenge is to change the problem statement.
D ． A great way to do this is by “reversing” your problem statement.
E.For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.
F.Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.
G.Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.
20、 Healthy eating, like many things, doesn't have to be an all-or-nothing enterprise. If you're looking to eat healthier, here are a few simple things you can do that don't involve an extreme diet.
Figure out the problem.
It's important to know what you're trying to fix. You would just first of all get to the root of the problem and see what the main obstacles are. 110 ． If you decide that you spend too much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because your meals aren't filling enough, or you need more nutritionally-balanced snacks around.
Start small,
Make one or two changes to your daily routine and see how that goes. If it's doable and sustainable, try adding another change and see how that feels. 1 ． If the habit you are developing is customized( 定制 )to you ， to your lifestyle ， to how you feel and to your reality, it will be easy for you to repeat it and to make it a habit.
2 ．
We have become increasingly dependent upon processed and convenient restaurant meals. Our taste buds( 味蕾 )can come to long for these high-fat ， high-salt food. Cooking more often can often improve your dietary quality and decrease your reliance upon these foods.
Add some fibre.
Many of us feel "full and energized" after a high-fibre meal or snack. Remember that fibre fills us up on few calories. 3 ． High-fibre diets have been linked to a range of health benefits, including protecting against disease. We should choose whole grains, and add chia seeds to things like cereal or yogurt to boost their fibre content.
Use smaller plates.
Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing to do that can bring us big benefits. 4 ． Make sure that half your plate is covered in fruits or veggies.
Make a commitment to focus on life-long behaviour change using strategies that are healthy, enjoyable and therefore sustainable.
A ． Cook more at home.
B ． Rely on restaurant meals.
C ． It's about building new habits.
D ． Then, you can look at the cause.
E.You can turn to your friends for help if necessary.
F.It slows digestion ， lowers cholesterol( 胆固醇 )and stabilizes blood sugars.
G.This will help to control portion( 食物的一份 )sizes so that you can be a more mindful eater.
21、 The effects of working while attending school or college
Youths working while in school or college seems like a tradition in many countries and the trend is growing. A recent study has found that 80% of students in some countries have at least a part time job during their study years.
Why do students look for employment? 1 ． Education costs are high, and college tuitions have grown considerably during the last few years. Moreover, parents also contribute less toward covering the education costs of their children, which means students must earn their own money while studying.
Having a job during school or college years affects the students’ personal and academic lives. First of all, employed students have less free time and, as a result, they can’t be around their family or friends as often as they would want. They lack sleep and are more stressed, and they may even develop health problems. Furthermore, student employment also impacts academic performance. A new research shows that students working more than 20 hours a week have lower grades than those who work less or not at all. 2 ．
However, the benefits of student employment are also notable. It seems that employed students tend to be more engaged in academic activities than those who do not work, probably because they have developed a higher sense of responsibility.
3 ． Firstly, fresh graduates who already have work experience gained during their study years have better chances of landing a job. Employers usually prefer to hire a graduate with workplace experience, because they needn’t spend too much time and resources to train the new employee. Secondly, studies show that working learners are more likely to move into a managerial position soon after graduating. 4 ． As they try different jobs during their school years, they are more aware of their job preferences and target field, and thus far less confused than fresh graduates who have never worked.
To sum up, because of financial difficulties, many youths look for employment while attending school or college, and this can have positive or negative effects on their lives.
5 ． In this way, employed students can gain noteworthy advantages in terms of career path after they graduate.
A ． The main cause is financial pressure.
B ． Student employment has an effect on future careers as well.
C ． The government has increased funding for higher education.
D ． They state that the job limits the number of classes they can take.
E.Employed students know what type of work field would be best fit for them.
F.Finally, employed students develop a better appreciation of the career path to pursue.
G.So guidance should be given to help them keep a proper balance between study and work.
22、 What Can We See in a Logo?
We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. 1 ． However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.
Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. 2 ． Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation ( 注意力饱和 ).” 3 ．
Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist ( 梗概 ) memory. 4 ． This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. 5 ． A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.
A ． This may be inspiring to logo designers.
B ． People will know the product behind the logo.
C ． So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?
D ． They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image.
E.It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details.
F.Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember.
G.Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.
23、 Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. 1 ． They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. 2 ． Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. 3 ． The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
4 ． Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. 5 ．
A ． They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B ． In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C ． Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
D ． The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
E.The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
F.Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
G.In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
四、作文（共5题）
1、 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校英语俱乐部的上一任外教 Jim 为你们推荐了一位新外教。作为俱乐部负责人，请你给 Jim 写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1 ．表示感谢；
2 ．讲述新外教给予的帮助。
注意： 1 ．词数 100 左右；
2 ．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2、 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友 Jim 在做关于 “ 中学生运动情况 ” 的调查，想了解你的运动情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你喜欢的一项运动；
2. 这项运动给你带来的益处；
3. 关于运动的建议。
注意 :1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
3、 假如你是红星中学高三 (1) 班学生李华。你的英国笔友 Jim 对中国的数字化生活很感兴趣，来信询问相关情况。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 介绍你身边的数字化生活；
2. 阐述你的看法；
3. 询问对方情况。
注意： 1. 词数不少于 80 ；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
4、 假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友 Chris 和你都喜欢观察和记录生活。他在邮件中询问你记录生活的方式，请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你记录生活的方式（日记、 vlog 等）；
2. 你的感受与收获。
注意： 1. 词数不少于 100 字；
2. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入词数。
Dear Chris,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
5、 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办主题为 “ 寻找春天，拥抱自然 ” 的踏青骑行活动，请给你校的交换生 Jim 写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：
1. 活动安排；
2. 准备事项。
注意： 1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
五、阅读填空（共13题）
1、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Today, there is a trend that the youngsters haven't enough sleep during the night. Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China 1 ． (get) worse in the past ten years, with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days, a report 2 ． (publish)on Monday said. Chinese youngsters slept an average of 7.8 hours a night on school days last year, 20 minutes 3 ． (little) than in 2009 ， according to the report from the Chinese Academy of Sciences 'Institute of Psychology.
2、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why was the ox chosen to be one of the 12 Chinese zodiac signs( 生肖 )? Centuries ago, most people 1 ． (earn)their living through farming. Today, the phrase "the spirit of ox" still refers to overcoming anything 2 ． may present itself as an obstacle( 障碍 ). The spirit 3 ． (praise) highly and many people follow it as their work principle. When someone achieves a great accomplishment( 成就 )through hard work ， people often use "niu", meaning "awesome" 4 ． (describe) him or her.
3、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon. A man walks 1 ． the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and completely absorbed in the digital world. Just as 2 ． computers achieved before, smartphones are now changing our life. I am truly grateful for the convenience brought by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxious. To stay informed, I constantly update my WeChat.
That's why I often find 3 ． (me)absent-minded.
4、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Once it snowed, I netted a bird. 1 ． (hold) it in my hands, I felt very excited. My father saw it and said he could turn this black bird into a colorful one. I didn’t believe 2 ． he said but decided to give it a go. I opened my hands and saw that the bird was edged with the color of the sunshine when it 3 ． (fly) in the sky freely. My father said no matter how beautiful a bird was, it would turn black when it was grasped in our hands and lost freedom.
5、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
China has achieved a total victory in lifting the whole nation out of poverty( 贫困 ). The poverty relief policy was put forward in November 2013. 1 ． (finish) this task, about 800,000 officials have been sent to work at local levels. In the past 8 years, China 2 ． (lift) 98.99 million poor rural 3 ． (resident) - a population larger than all but a few countries - out of poverty under the current poverty line.
6、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Known as a famous social media influencer, Pamela shares her interests on social media platforms with her followers and has 1 ． (quick) grown her international following. She once 2 ． (say) in a lecture, “Sometimes in life, you are in the right place at the right time and you have a chance. If you don’t take the chance at this particular moment, it 3 ． (go) forever.” Pamela is an inspiration for young women 4 ． want to achieve their goals by working hard.
7、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Once upon a time, in a small town lived a man who couldn't see. Yet, he carried a lighted lamp with him whenever he went at night. One night, he came 1 ． a group of travelers. One of them asked him, “Hey, man! You can't see anything! Why do you carry a lighted lamp then?” The blind man replied, “Yes, 2 ． (unfortunate), I am blind but the lighted lamp I am carrying is for people like you who can see. You may not see me coming and end up knocking into me. That is 3 ． I carry a lighted lamp.”
8、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In recent years, Chinese literature has gained more popularity worldwide . An increasing number of Chinese literary works 1 ． (translate) into multiple languages, including English, French, Japanese and Russian, and read by people from countries and regions 2 ． (involve) in the Belt and Road Initiative (“ 一带一路 ” 倡议 ). Not only have the 3 ． (story) from China's past made their way through time, but the beauty of the language has drawn the world's attention.
9、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last July China's manned submersible ( 载人潜艇 )Fendouzhe 1 ． (dive) 10,909 meters deep in the Mariana Trench. This is the 2 ． (deep) diving record for a Chinese manned submersible. The pressure underwater is very strong, 3 ． is like an elephant standing on the tip of your finger. Fendouzhe can carry up to three people. The egg shape makes it easier for the scientists 4 ． (move) around and study the sea.
10、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Learner’s dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students. 1 ． confuses students is how they can be easy to use. Well, the definitions are simpler than the words they describe—they use high-frequency words. Students can also get grammatical and usage guidance, opposites, other expressions 2 ． (use) the word and lots of examples. So you can see that the dictionary helps to increase your word power, and improve not only your reading and listening, but also your writing and speaking. There may also be a wide range of 3 ． (picture) to help you understand.
11、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
If you have been fishing, you know how hard it is to catch a really big fish. One reason is that it is difficult to find the exact position of the fish. The other reason is that big fish won’t just jump in the boat once they 1 ． (locate). Years ago, a man named Alf Dean 2 ． (overcome) both difficulties. Dean went fishing off the coast of South Australia. He pulled in a great white shark that weighed 2,664 pounds and measured over sixteen feet in length. That is 3 ． (big) fish ever caught by a single person.
12、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Many people like travelling abroad. The extra money 1 ． (bring) in can be of great benefit to these countries. However, tourism has not been good news for the environment. First, transporting millions of tourists to their holiday destinations 2 ． (pollute) the air and the seas. Secondly, some beautiful landscapes are destroyed forever due to the newly-built hotels. And finally, fresh water supplies are running low 3 ． tourists consume much water. To conclude, I think tourism has a lot of negative consequences on nature. If we want our planet to be a 4 ． (health) place, we need to travel less.
13、 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A video about a Chinese police officer’s broken English went viral on the Internet in China recently. In the video, a German student returned to Shanghai but got 1 ． (stop) by the security guards at the apartment gate. But the student doesn’t speak Chinese and the security doesn’t speak English. They couldn’t make 2 ． (they) understood. So the security ended up calling the police for help. Two police officers showed up on the spot, where they communicated with the student 3 ． very broken English and with body language. 4 ． settling the problem, the police officer told the student that she should learn some Chinese.

============参考答案============
一、完型填空
1、 1 ． A
2 ． C
3 ． D
4 ． B
5 ． A
6 ． C
7 ． A
8 ． D
9 ． B
10 ． D
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者举例 Bernard Baruch 在晚年时期仍那么上进，让作者明白了一个人无论何时何地都得有进取心，只有通过自己的不懈努力，才能有意义地生存在这个世界上。
1 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他设法成为射击第一名。 A. managed 管理； B. seemed 看起来； C. expected 期望； D. meant 意味着。根据 “His only reference to the past was that, with great pride in eyes.” 可知， 81 岁老人 Bernard Baruch 设法在射击方面排名第一。故选 A 。
2 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是什么让这个人依然精力充沛 ? A. careful 仔细的； B. innocent 无辜的； C. energetic 精力充沛的； D. normal 正常的。根据 “The answer is his strong ___3___ to keep being productive.” 可知，为什么 Bernard Baruch 现在 81 岁了还这么精力充沛。故选 C 。
3 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案是他渴望保持高效率。 A. reason 原因； B. duty 责任； C. action 行动； D. desire 要求。根据 “to keep being productive.” 可知，他精力充沛是因为他想要一直保持高效率的强烈要求。故选 D 。
4 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个世界上最难实现的两件事，一是通过诚实的努力获得财富，二是获得财富后，要学会如何正确地使用财富。 A. receive 接受； B. achieve 获得； C. throw 扔； D. refuse 拒绝。根据 “in this world are to get wealth by honest efforts and, having gained it, to learn how to use it in a proper way.” 可知，这两件事是世界上最难实现的。故选 B 。
5 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意：十几个中年男人坐在桌边，豪饮，漫无目的地说着话。 A. aimlessly 无目的地； B. helplessly 无助地； C. fearlessly 勇敢地； D. hopelessly 绝望地。根据 “A dozen middle-aged men were seated at tables drinking heavily” 可知，这些中年男人漫无目的地说着话。故选 A 。
6 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些人日复一日地在那里闲逛，每个人都是有事业和财富的人，在商业上成功，在社会上受人尊敬。 A. interested 感兴趣的； B. strict 严格的； C. successful 成功的； D. absorbed 全神贯注的。根据 “and respected in society.” 可知，这些人在商业上很成功。故选 C 。
7 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们知道他们的生产力逐渐失望了。 A. disappointed 失望； B. changed 改变； C. improved 提高； D. increased 增加。根据 “When a fruit tree doesn’t bear its fruit, it is dying. In this way it resembles( 类似 )man.” 可知，他们的生产力在不断地下降，让人感到失望。故选 A 。
8 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个世界上幸福长寿的秘诀是什么 ?A. trend 趋势； B. idea 想法； C. sense 感觉； D. secret 秘密。根据 “a long and happy existence in the world” 可知，长久又快乐地生存在这个世界上的秘诀。故选 D 。
9 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这句话虽不长，但却对我产生了深远的影响： “ 你要汗流满面才能吃到面包。 ” A. mood 心情； B. influence 影响； C. impression 印象； D. focus 关注。根据 “The words have been and will always be a great 10 to me. ” 可知，这句话对作者产生了深远的影响。故选 B 。
10 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这句话一直并将永远激励着我。 A. honor 荣誉； B. comfort 安慰； C. approach 方法； D. inspiration 灵感。根据 “At the end of the road I want to feel that I have fought a good fight and lived to the full.” 可知，这句话一直并将永远激励着作者。故选 D 。
2、 1 ． A
2 ． D
3 ． C
4 ． A
5 ． A
6 ． B
7 ． B
8 ． D
9 ． C
1 0 ． D
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者自己是一个害羞的女孩，最终在老师的帮助下站在全校师生面前发表毕业演讲。
1 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个害羞的女孩，我尽量不去和别人有眼神交流。 A. shy 害羞的； B. honest 诚实的； C. outgoing 外向的； D. lazy 懒的。根据 “I tried not to make eye contact.” 可知，作者是一个害羞的女孩。故选 A 。
2 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到几个同学走到前面陈述为什么他们应该是演讲者，我感到如释重负。 A. duty 责任； B. shame 羞愧； C. loss 损失； D. relief 欣慰。根据 “Seeing several classmates go up to the front to state why they should be the speakers,” 可知，有同学主动做班级的发言人，作者不需要演讲，所以感到如释重负。故选 D 。
3 ．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说： “ 这周我们还会有另一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里 ! ”A. stayed up 熬夜； B. climbed up 爬上； C. marched up 挺进； D. pulled up 停下。根据 “in front of us and said,” 可知，勒尼汉老师走到学生们的前面讲话。故选 C 。
4 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但最后勒尼汉老师走到我们面前说， “ 这周我们还会有另一次会议，我希望看到更多的参与。我很失望，你们中有些人应该站在这里，却只是坐在那里 ! ” A. disappointed 失望的； B. depressed 沮丧的； C. embarrassed 尴尬的； D. frightened 害怕的。根据 “some of you are just sitting there when you should be up here!” 可知，勒尼汉老师对不踊跃参加的同学感到失望。故选 A 。
5 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到很紧张，但是知道她对我有这么多的信心，我不应该让她失望。 A. faith 信念； B. interest 兴趣； C. pride 自豪； D. ambition 雄心。 have faith in 相信。根据 “I should not let her down.” 和 “When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous, 9 when I looked at Ms. Lenihan, I remembered the whole reason I was up there was that she had faith in me.” 可知，勒尼汉老师对作者很有信心。故选 A 。
6 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：还有 8 到 10 个参与者，我对自己的期望不高。 A. win 赢得； B. expect 期望； C. prove 证明； D. share 分享。根据 “There were eight to ten other participants,” 可知，因为参与者很多，所以作者对自己的期望不高。故选 B 。
7 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。 A. threat 威胁； B. anxiety 焦虑； C. excitement 激动； D. tolerance 容忍。根据 “I would have to stand up in front of our entire school to make a speech.” 可知，作者要站在全校师生面前发表演讲，所以非常焦虑。故选 B 。
8 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的焦虑程度飙升到了极点，但勒尼汉老师告诉我，她很高兴我接受了挑战。 A. achievement 成就； B. destination 目的地； C. failure 失败； D. challenge 挑战。根据 “Being a (an) 1 girl, I tried not to make eye contact.” 可知作者是个害羞的女孩，能够战胜自我，在全校师生面前发表演讲，这是一个挑战。故选 D 。
9 ．考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我站在全校师生面前的时候，我仍然很紧张，但当我看着勒尼汉老师的时候，我想起了我站在那里的全部原因是她对我有信心。 A. till 直到； B. then 然后； C. but 但是； D. so 因此。根据 “When I stood up in front of the whole school, I was still nervous,” 可知，前后句为转折关系，所以用连词 but 。故选 C 。
1 0 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我相信那天我改变了，也会永远记得勒尼汉老师给我的鼓励。 A. proceeded 开始； B. promised 答应； C. innovated 改革； D. transformed 改变。根据 “and will always remember the encouragement that Ms. Lenihan gave me.” 可知，勒尼汉老师给作者鼓励，所以作者相信自己改变了。故选 D 。
3、 1 ． A
2 ． C
3 ． B
4 ． A
5 ． D
6 ． B
7 ． D
8 ． A
9 ． C
1 0 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者参加一次滑冰全国比赛时，脑海中想到的是自己摔倒的画面。比赛时，作者摔倒了，却赢得了观众热烈的掌声。这让作者意识到，自己在比赛时只顾想着如何避免摔倒，而忽视了自己内心对滑冰运动的热爱。
1 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都希望我能赢。 A. win 赢； B. enjoy 喜欢，享受； C. share 分享； D. relax 放松。根据前一句 “Reporters had been saying that I looked unbeatable. ” 可知，因为记者们说作者不可被战胜，所以此处表示每个人都期待作者会赢得比赛。故选 A 。
2 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我知道有些事情不对劲，因为我一直无法摆脱脑海里的画面 : 我摔倒的画面。 A. challenging 挑战的； B. missing 失踪的； C. wrong 错误的，不对的； D. dangerous 危险的。根据后文 “because I couldn't get this one picture out of my head: a picture of me, falling. ” 可知，因为作者脑海里一直有自己摔倒的画面，所以此处表示作者感觉事情有些不对劲。故选 C 。
3 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是这个画面不会被遗忘。 A. return 返回； B. leave 遗忘； C. appear 出现； D. stay 停留。根据前文 ““Go away,” I'd say. ” 和转折连词 but 可知，作者摔倒的画面一直挥之不去。故选 B 。
4 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这只是一项运动。 A. sport 运动； B. activity 活动； C. picture 照片； D. accident 事故。根据前文 ““Have fun, Michael!” 可知，因为作者在参加滑冰比赛，作者自我安慰，告诉自己这只是一项运动。故选 A 。
5 ．考查连接词辨析。句意：这个动作我已经练习了很多次了，我根本不用去想接下来会发生什么。 A. when 何时； B. why 为何； C. who 谁； D. what 什么。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示具体的内容，所以空处需用连接代词 what 引导宾语从句。故选 D 。
6 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把一只手放在冰上想支撑住自己，但没有用。 A. prepare 准备； B. catch 接住，抓住； C. comfort 安慰； D. measure 测量。根据前文 “But when I came down from the jump, my foot slipped from under me. ” 可知，因为作者脚滑了，所以他想用手支撑住自己。故选 B 。
7 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情况越来越糟。 A. clearer 更清楚； B. easier 更简单； C. heavier 更差； D. worse 更糟糕。根据后文 “On a triple flip （三周跳） I spun through the air, and just as I landed, my whole body went down again. ” 可知，在三个翻转中，作者在空中旋转，就在落地的时候，作者的整个身体又沉了下去。由此可知，情况变得更糟糕。故选 D 。
8 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我就在那里，平躺在冰上，全世界都在注视着我。 A. watching 观看； В. Expecting 期待； C. ignoring 忽视； D. changing 改变。根据前文 “my whole body went down again.” 可知，因为作者摔倒在地，所以作者感觉全世界都在注视着自己。故选 A 。
9 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当我站起来时，我听到一个惊人的声音。 A. voice 声音 ( 多指人的嗓音 ) ； B. story 故事； C. sound 声音 ( 自然界的各种声音 ) ； D. idea 想法。根据后文 “People were clapping in time to the music. ” 可知，此处需用 sound 表示人们的掌声。故选 C 。
1 0 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忙着不让自己跌倒，以至于忘记了感受我心中的感受 —— 对滑冰的热爱。 A. collapse 崩溃，倒塌； B. resist 抵制； C. fall 摔倒； D. escape 逃跑。根据前文 “ a picture of me, falling.” 可知，作者一直想着自己是否会摔倒，所以此处需用动词 fall ，表示作者只想着是否会摔倒，忘记了自己对滑冰运动的热爱。故选 C 。
4、 1 ． C
2 ． A
3 ． D
4 ． B
5 ． A
6 ． C
7 ． B
8 ． D
9 ． C
1 0 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。 “ 我 ” 的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。 “ 我 ” 从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。
1 ．考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。 A.regular 规律的； B.familiar 熟悉的； C.positive 积极的； D.typical 典型的。根据 “He was always in a good mood” 可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选 C 。
2 ．考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。 A.choices 选择； B.trends 趋势； C.relations 关系； D.secrets 秘密。根据 “It’s your option how you live your life” （如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选 A 。
3 ．考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。 A.Normally 正常地； B.Obviously 明显地； C.Hopefully 有希望地； D.Luckily 幸运地。根据 “he was found quickly and rushed to the hospital” 可知，这件事很幸运。故选 D 。
4 ．考查动词辨析。句意：经过 8 个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。 A.preserved 保存； B.released 释放； C.distinguished 区分； D.abandoned 抛弃。根据 “After 8 hours of surgery and weeks of intensive care” 可知，此处是指他出院了。故选 B 。
5 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。 A.gone through 通过； B.put up 张贴； C.turned in 交上； D.called for 要求。根据 “As I lay in the snow, I knew I had two options: One was to live, the other was to die.” （当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指 “ 我 ” 问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选 A 。
6 ．考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。 A.forced 强迫； B.followed 跟随； C.wheeled 用车推； D.recommended 推荐。根据 “into the emergency room” 可知，此处是指用病床推病人进急诊室。故选 C 。
7 ．考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。 A.bored 无聊的； B.frightened 害怕的； C.confused 困惑的； D.embarrassed 尴尬的。根据 “He’s a dead man.” （他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情， “ 我 ” 真的吓坏了。故选 B 。
8 ．考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。 A.express 表达； B.share 分享； C.gain 获得； D.inspire 激发。根据 “Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.” （把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选 D 。
9 ．考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。 A.talent 天赋； B.achievement 成就； C.desire 欲望； D.evidence 证据。根据 “Operate on me as if I’m alive, not dead.” （把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选 C 。
1 0 ．考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。 A.attitude 态度； B.standard 标准； C.ability 能力； D.control 控制。根据 “I learn from him that every day we have the choice to live fully. ” （我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选 A 。
二、阅读理解
1、 1 ． D
2 ． C
3 ． B
4 ． D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研团队研发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片，描述了它的功能和潜在价值。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段 “Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without refrigeration.” （在专家 Maria A . Croyle 的带领下，研究人员开发出了一种可以长时间保存疫苗而无需冷藏的薄片。）可知，这种薄膜可以装生物制品。故选 D 项。
2 ．推理判断题。根据第三段 “The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating.” （该薄膜是量身定制的，以适合每种特定的候选疫苗，提供一种保护涂层。） “the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components” （真正使这种薄膜无论容纳什么都稳定的关键是将其与所有成分混合）以及 “the process is quick and uses affordable, standard equipment.” （这一过程是快速的，使用了负担得起的标准设备。）可推断，第三段主要讲了薄膜的可能的优势。故选 C 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第五段 “‘The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,’says Lisa Rohan( 丽莎罗翰说： “ 这项研究为一个令人兴奋的疫苗产品开发平台提供了早期的概念证明 ”)” 可推断，作者引用 Lisa Rohan 的话来暗示这个产品很有前途。故选 B 项。
4 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says.” （克罗伊尔说，寻找大规模生产用于临床试验的合作伙伴是研究人员最紧迫的问题。）可知，克罗伊团队的下一个紧急任务是寻求理想的制造商。故选 D 项。
2、 1 ． B
2 ． B
3 ． C
4 ． C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用物理学家的话以及现代科学爆炸式发展带来的专业化趋势来介绍爱因斯坦 1915 年的名著《广义相对论的基础》，这篇论文读起来不一样的地方以及它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表的原因。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第三段 “As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote, “There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity. I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did, because he was the only guy who caught on, before he wrote his paper. But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other, certainly more than 12. （正如物理学家理查德 · 费曼所写： “ 曾经有一段时间，报纸上说只有 12 个人理解相对论。我相信或许确实有过只有一个人懂相对论的时候 —— 因为在这篇论文之前，只有爱因斯坦理解这个问题。但当人们读了这篇论文，有很多人，绝对超过 12 个，或多或少都对相对论有了一定理解） ” 可知，爱因斯坦 1915 年的论文证明是可以理解的。故选 B 。
2 ．词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后句 “Worse, there are zero citations of previous scientists’ work, nor are there any graphics. Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.” 可知，更糟的是，文章没有对前人科学研究进行任何引用，也没有任何图。这些缺失对如今的科学论文来说是致命的。这样的文章甚至都不会被编辑送审，这说明爱因斯坦的论文在如今看来是很糟糕的，因此此处是说他在论文中花大量篇幅进行的哲学讨论和张量微积分的阐述在今天被认为是无关紧要的，所以画线词词义为 “ 无关紧要的 ” 。故选 B 。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第七段 “A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops( 繁文缛节 ), and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn. （它从一个关于空间和时间的轻松的大量无用功都耗费在了突破官僚形式的层层桎梏上，也抬高了新人的准入门槛。） ” 可推断，在作者看来，现代科学的发展影响了年轻人才的选拔。故选 C 。
4 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段 “But it probably wouldn’t be publishable in a scientific journal today. （但它可能不会在今天的科学期刊上发表。） ” 可知，第一段是总起句，文章围绕着这个问题展开论述，所以这篇文章最好的题目是 ——“Could Einstein get published today?( 爱因斯坦的《相对论》今天能出版吗？ )” 故选 C 。
3、 1 ． A
2 ． D
3 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了温泉小镇切尔滕纳姆的四个绝佳景点。
1 ．细节理解题。根据 “Pittville Park” 部分的 “If you visit Pitville Park, you'll find it divided into two main parts by the Evesham Road. The eastern side is home to the children's play area and is where people can view wildlife. Meanwhile, on the western side of the road, you'll find the larger area of the park and small areas of woodland. （如果你参观皮特维尔公园，你会发现它被伊夫舍姆路分成两个主要部分。东侧是儿童游乐区，人们可以在这里观赏野生动物。同时，在路的西侧，你会发现公园的大片区域和小片的林地） ” 可知，皮特维尔公园的游戏区是独一无二的。故选 A 项。
2 ．推理判断题。根据 “Holst Birthplace Museum” 部分的 “Cheltenham was the birthplace of the 19"century English composer Gustav Holst, and visitors can visit the home in which he was born…The museum also allows you to discover the composer's life and times by allowing you into his music room. Here is where he composed The Planets . （切尔滕纳姆是 19 世纪英国作曲家古斯塔夫 · 霍尔斯特的出生地，游客可以参观他的出生地 …… 博物馆还可以让你走进他的音乐室，了解他的生平和时代。这就是他创作 The Planets 的地方） ” 可知，在这个博物馆，游客可以了解作曲家古斯塔夫 · 霍尔斯特的相关情况，所以可以推断，这个地方可能是音乐迷感兴趣的地方。故选 D 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段 “please visit the website: www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk.” （请访问以下网站： www.ctladiesyouth.co.uk ）可知，文章出自网站。故选 C 项。
4、 1 ． B
2 ． D
3 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个美国纪录片导演 Brahm 对于中国武术的热爱与研究、对中国武术与众不同的理解与感悟，他认为中国武术不是打仗的艺术，而是终止打斗的艺术。
1 ．主旨大意题。根据第二段 “So, the meaning of martial arts in Chinese is not the art of fighting, a concept that many people take for granted. On the contrary, he said, kung fu is the art of stopping fighting.( 所以，武术在中国的意义并不是打斗的艺术，一个许多人认为理所当然的概念。相反，他说，功夫是停止打斗的艺术 )” 可知， Brahm 通过对汉字 “ 武 ” 的理解，得出结论：功夫是停止打斗的艺术。 B 项 “ 中国功夫是非暴力的艺术 ” ，符合题意。故选 B 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “He combined the knowledge from many masters and scholars with his own experience as a practitioner and tutor to extract 12 key principles and values of the martial arts: perseverance, roots, loyalty, respect, harmony, change, balance, centering, emptiness, flow, pragmatism, non-violence.( 他结合了许多大师和学者的知识和自己作为练习者和导师的经验，提炼出 12 个关键的原则和价值：坚持、根、忠诚、尊重、和谐、变化、平衡、定心、空、流动、实用主义、非暴力 )” 可知，他的中国武术观是融合了所学知识与自己亲身体验总结出来的。故选 D 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第三段 “In 1981,he managed to visit the Shaolin Temple, situated at the foot of the Songshan Mountain in Central China, for the very first time. He left the mountain, a little disappointed at not finding the martial-arts spirit he expected. But his passion for kung fu and his desire to find out more were stronger than ever before.(1981 年，他第一次设法到了位于中国中部嵩山脚下的少林寺。他离开了那座山，有点失望，因为没有找到他所期待的武术精神。但他对功夫的热情和探索更多的渴望比以往任何时候都要强烈 ) ” 以及第四段 “Over the years he trained in many different styles, such as tai chi, Wing Chun, Jeet Kune Do to understand all of them. ( 多年来，他训练了许多不同的风格，如太极，咏春，截拳道，以了解所有这些 )” 可知， Brahm 从接触中国武术，毕生都在对其进行探索，实践，热情从未减退。故选 A 项。
5、 1 ． B
2 ． B
3 ． D
4 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第三段 “Hirsch explored the impact of smell, taste and eating behaviors while watching TV by measuring potato chip consumption. （赫希博士通过测量薯片的摄入量，研究了看电视对嗅觉、味觉和饮食行为的影响。） ” 可知，当赫希进行这项研究时，他测量了志愿者吃薯片的量。故选 B 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据第四段 “If you concentrate on how the food tastes, you'll eat less because you'll feel full faster （如果你把注意力集中在食物的味道上，你会吃得更少，因为你会更快地感到吃饱。） ” 可知，当我们把注意集中在食物的味道上时，我们会更容易感到吃饱。故选 B 项。
3 ．细节理解题。结合第六段 “The ventromedial nucleus( 腹内侧核 )in the hypothalamus( 下丘脑 ), where the so-called satiety( 饱腹感 )center is located, tells the body whether it is hungry or full. （下丘脑腹内侧核，也就是所谓的饱腹中枢所在的位置，会告诉身体它是饿了还是饱了。） ” 和第七段 “People who cook spaghetti all day don't feel like eating spaghetti at the end of the day, "said Hirsch," By being exposed to a smell all day long it's tricking the hypothalamus.” （赫希说： “ 那些整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面了，整天暴露在一种气味中会欺骗下丘脑。 ” ） ” 可知，整天做意大利面的人在一天结束后就不想再吃意大利面，是因为气味 “ 告诉 ” 下丘脑，身体已经吃饱了。故选 D 项。
4 ．推理判断题。根据第一段 “People eat more when they are glued to the television, and the more entertaining the program is, the more they eat, according to a new research. （一项最新研究表明，人们在全神贯注看电视时吃得更多，而且节目越有趣，吃得越多。） ” 和下文内容可知，文章主要解释看电视会让人吃得更多，体重增加及其产生的原因。故选 C 项。
6、 1 ． D
2 ． A
3 ． B
4 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，介绍了苹果公司研制出的用生物信息识别锁，从而保护人的隐私，以及由此引发的关于隐私保护的讨论。
1 ．细节理解题。根据文中第一段最后一句 “We want to be assured that if our devices are stolen. our personal information stored inside them will remain safe from the thief who physically possesses the device.” （我们希望得到保证，如果我们的设备被盗，我们存储在其中的个人信息将不会被窃贼窃取）可知，人们想要确保他们的电子设备不会被偷，因为他们的电子设备里有太多的个人信息。故选 D 项。
2 ．推理判断题。根据文中第三段 “According to revealed documents, the US National Security Agency is able to slip into smartphones, while the agency can also legally force companies to turn over customers' personal information. If this is true, the fingerprint scanner on your smartphone might become a tool for the authorities to collect your fingerprint data” （ 根据披露的文件，美国国家安全局可以潜入智能手机，同时该机构也可以合法地强制企业交出客户的个人信息。如果这是真的，你智能手机上的指纹扫描仪可能会成为当局收集你指纹数据的工具）可知，美国国家安全局的例子旨在告诉我们生物识别设备是完全安全的。故选 A 项。
3 ．词句猜测题。根据第四段中 “Germany's Chaos Computer Club claimed to have slipped into a biometrically secured iPhone within days of the device's release to the public.” （德国 Chaos 电脑俱乐部声称，在 iPhone 向公众发布后的几天内，他们潜入了装有生物识别安全装置的 iPhone ）可知，使用这种类型安全系统的人比他们认为的更容易受到攻击。所以可知，这种安全系统比人们想象的更不安全。由此可知画线词词义为 “ 不安全的 ” ，故选 B 项。
4 ．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段 “It will always be difficult to strike a balance between privacy and security with growing changing technology. Nevertheless, one thing is crystal clear: we all have to sacrifice some of our privacy in order to have security for the public.” （随着技术的不断发展，在隐私和安全之间取得平衡总是很困难的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的：我们都必须牺牲一些隐私，以确保公众的安全。）可知，为了安全起见，我们有必要放弃一定的隐私。故选 C 项。
7、 1 ． D
2 ． B
3 ． A
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个俱乐部的相关信息。
1 ．推理判断题。根据首段 “There are a variety of clubs which provide social and cultural activities for students wishing to meet others with similar interests from the same or from different national backgrounds.” （有各种各样的俱乐部，为希望与来自相同或不同国家背景的兴趣相投的学生提供社会和文化活动）可知，本文主要是写给那些希望遇见不同的人的年轻人。故选 D 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据 Royal Overseas League 的方框 “ROL is a club with facilities in London and Edinburgh with restaurants, bars and accommodation.” （罗尔俱乐部在伦敦和爱丁堡都有设施，有餐厅、酒吧和住宿。）可知， ROL 可以提供住宿的地方。故选 B 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据最后一个方框 “The club arranges a weekly club night in a Covent Garden bar. To find out more, telephone the club or write (freepost) to the office.” （俱乐部每周在考文特花园酒吧安排一次俱乐部之夜。欲知详情，请致电俱乐部或写信免费邮寄至办公室）可知，如果你想了解更多关于语言学习的信息可以打电话。故选 A 项。
8、 1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． C
4 ． B
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在飞机飞行中控制系统损坏，在所有人惊恐之时，一位母亲一遍又一遍的抚慰是这次飞行意外的勇气之声。
1 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “All the experienced travellers, including me, looked around with knowing smiles. If you fly much, you see these things and learn to act calmly about them.” （所有有经验的旅客，包括我在内，都环视四周，会心一笑。如果你经常乘飞机，你会看到这些东西，学会冷静对待它们）可知，作者在第二段中用 “ 一些旅客会心的微笑 ” 说明他们已经习惯了这种经历。故选 A 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段飞行员说的话 “Our indicators show that the control system has failed.” （我们的指示器显示控制系统已经失效。）可知，起飞后不久飞行指示器显示飞机的控制系统失灵了。故选 B 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据文章第四段 “All around, people cried. Many screamed.” （周围的人都在哭喊，许多人都在尖叫）可知，听到机长的通知后，大多数旅客的反应是哭喊尖叫。故选 C 项。
4 ．主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段 “Finally, I leaned over and by some miracle could hear this soft sure voice with the tone of comfort. Over and over again, the mother said, “I love you so much. Remember, no matter what happens, I love you always.” Fortunately, our landing gear held at last and our touchdown was not a tragedy.” （终于，我弯下身去，奇迹般地听到了这轻柔而坚定的声音，声音里充满了安慰。母亲一遍又一遍地说 :“ 我非常爱你。记住，无论发生什么，我永远爱你。 “ 幸运的是，我们的起落架终于挂住了，我们的着陆并不是一场悲剧。）及全文可知，本文主要就是讲述在飞机遇到险情的时候，一位母亲一遍又一遍地安慰，这是勇气之声。故选 B 项。
9、 1 ． D
2 ． B
3 ． A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 Ports 和 harbours 的概念，以及港口城市的特点和优势。
1 ．细节理解题。根据 Ports and harbours 下的 “Some ports were developed from poor harbours which were improved with breakwaters( 防水堤 ) and dredging( 清淤 ). Madras and Colombo are examples of harbours expensively improved by enlarging, dredging and building breakwaters.” （有些港口是由较差的港湾发展而来，经防波堤和疏浚工程加以改善。马德拉斯 (Madras) 和科伦坡 (Colombo) 就是通过扩建、疏浚和建造防波堤而花费巨资改善港口的例子。）可知， Madras 通过改善设施而从 harbour 变成了 Port 。故选 D 项。
2 ．主旨大意题。根据下文 “Although their port functions are no longer dominant now, they remain different kinds of places from non-port cities and their port functions account for that difference.” （虽然它们的港口功能不再占主导地位，但它们仍然是不同于非港口城市的地方，它们的港口功能是造成这种差异的原因。）及本段内容可知，本段主要介绍曾经是港口城市的将永远是港口城市。故选 B 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据第二个小标题下的 “Port cities become industrial, financial and service centres and political capitals because of their water connections and the urban concentration which draws to it railways, highways and air routes.” （港口城市成为工业、金融和服务中心和政治首都，是因为它们的水路连接和吸引铁路、公路和航空航线的城市集中。）可知，港口城市是用水连接的。故选 A 项。
10、 1 ． D
2 ． D
3 ． C
4 ． C
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过将传统体育运动和电子竞技进行比较和对比，来论证电子竞技游戏不能被视作运动的观点。
1 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段 “As a competitive video gamer, one needs to adapt to a much more aggressive ruleset than most sports or other games. Therefore the video game competitions are less likely to be properly regulated. （作为一名有竞争力的电子游戏玩家，你需要适应比大多数运动或其他游戏更具侵略性的规则。因此，电子游戏竞赛不太可能得到适当的监管。） ” 以及第三段 “While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. （虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。） ” 可推断，作者认为竞争性电子游戏由于规则不一致，要求高，不能被视为运动。故选 D 项。
2 ．词义猜测题。根据前文 “A professional American football player from any past decade could be transplanted into a current football field, and would only have to be told of a few minor rule changes. The player would know what to do, where to go, and how to accomplish the ultimate goal. He may need to learn a few new plays, but it’s fundamentally the same game. However, competitive video gaming has a variety of goals, and those goals are fluid and dynamic. （过去任何一个十年的职业美国橄榄球运动员都可以被迁移到现在的足球场上，而且只需要被告知一些小的规则变化。玩家将知道该做什么，去哪里以及如何完成最终目标。他可能需要学习一些新玩法，但游戏本质上是一样的。然而，竞争性电子游戏有各种各样的目标，而且这些目标是动态的。） ” 可知，电子竞技玩家操作对于传统的体育运动是不同的，所以 foreign 是 “ 不同的 ” 之意。故选 D 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据文章第三段 “Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric( 深奥的 ) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. While home computers are widely accessible, a large percentage of the gaming population is unable to participate in competitive gaming due to the high-standard computing requirements. （大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。虽然家用电脑随处可见，但由于对电脑的高标准要求，很大一部分游戏玩家无法参与竞争性游戏。） ” 以及接下来以《反恐精英》举例即使是像《反恐精英 1.6 》这样有 10 年历史的竞技游戏也需要比大多数传统运动更多的装备。篮球、足球或足球的临时游戏比《反恐精英》的临时游戏更容易上手。因此推断作者在第三段中提到《反恐精英》是为了举例说明电子竞技和传统体育的区别。故选 C 项。
4 ．推理判断题。根据文章第一段 “Cyberathletes and eSports aren’t incomparable to traditional athletes and sports because they require less physical exertion or dedication. They are incomparable because they are different from traditional sports in a number of ways. （电子竞技者和电子竞技与传统运动员和体育项目并不是不可比拟的，因为它们需要的体力和投入较少。它们是无可比拟的，因为它们与传统体育在很多方面不同。） ” ；第二段 “Traditional sports are steadfast, and consistent in their structures and mechanics. （传统的体育运动在结构和力学上是坚定的，一致的。） ” 以及第三段 “Most traditional sports are approachable by Everyman, even the esoteric( 深奥的 ) ones, at least in an educational setting, where budgets and funding are set for them. （大多数传统体育项目，即使是那些晦涩难懂的项目，至少在有预算和资金支持的教育背景下，普通人都能接受。） ” 可推断，作者通过比较和对比来论证他的观点。故选 C 项。
11、 1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了适合学习者的四款应用程序。
1 ．细节理解题。根据表格一中 “The real magic of this app is that you can learn at your own pace. ( 这个应用程序的真正魔力在于，你可以按照自己的节奏学习 )” 和表格三的内容 “This app allows you the flexibility to take your time on a course you purchase over the course of several months, without worrying about recurring （重复的） payments before you finish. ( 这个应用程序允许你在几个月的时间里灵活地花时间在你购买的课程上，而不必担心课程结束前的重复付款 )” 可知， Khan Academy 和 Udemy 应用程序可以让你按照自己的节奏学习。故选 A 。
2 ．细节理解题。根据最后一个表格 “You'll be invited to not only read new words ， but to speak them. You'll learn grammar and conversational strategies. This app helps you learn to communicate with a new portion of its inhabitants!( 你不仅会被邀请读生词，而且会说。你将学习语法和会话策略。这个应用程序帮助你学会与新的居民沟通！ )” 可知， Duolingo 这款应用程序会给用户提供英语口语练习。故选 B 。
3 ．推理判断题。根据第一段 “Want to find an app that can help you learn? Here are some great ideas for you.( 想找一个可以帮助你学习的应用程序吗？这里有一些好主意给你 )” 可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助找到合适的学习应用程序。故选 C 。
12、 1 ． A
2 ． B
3 ． C
4 ． D
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情。
1 ．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容 “When Alex Lin was 11 years old, he read an alarming article in the newspaper which said that people were burying old computers in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping ( 丢弃 ) cell phones in the garbage. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment, getting into crops, animals, water supplies—and people.” （当 Alex Lin 11 岁时，他在报纸上读到一篇令人震惊的文章，人们把旧电脑埋在后院，把电视扔到河里，把手机扔到垃圾堆里。这是危险的，因为电子垃圾中含有有害的化学物质，可能会泄漏到环境中，进入农作物、动物、水源和人类。）和第二段第一句话 “Alex was really worried” （ Alex 真的很担心）可知， Alex 看到报纸上的文章，得知随意丢弃电子垃圾是危险的，会危害环境、农作物、动物、水源和人类，这让他很担心。由此可知， Alex 看完这篇文章后担心的是乱扔电子垃圾的现象。故选 A 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据文章第三段关键句 “But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.” （但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）可知，为了开展这个项目，小组首先花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。由此可知， Alex 通过收集信息的方式来开始这个项目。故选 B 项。
3 ．推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句 “But what could they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.” （但是他们能对这个电子垃圾项目做些什么呢？小组花了几周时间收集有关电子垃圾中有害化学物质及其对人类影响的信息。）、第四段关键句 “Alex and his friends went into action. They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students, asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.” （ Alex 和他的朋友们开始行动了。他们在当地报纸上登广告，向学生们分发通知，要求居民们把不需要的电子产品带到学校停车场。）和第五段关键句 “The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.” （下一步是为该镇建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心。）可知， Alex 和他的朋友们为了开展这个项目，首先收集信息，然后通过登报和分发通知等方式进行宣传，接下来建立一个长期的电子垃圾投放中心，这种做法是科学的，再结合最后一段关键句 “Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.” （由于 WIN 的工作，越来越多的人，像 Alex 和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，他们的工作获得了成功。由此可推断出， Alex 和他的团队的工作方式是科学的。故选 C 项。
4 ．主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合最后一段关键句 “Because of the work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.” （由于 WIN 的工作，越来越多的人，像 Alex 和他的团队一样，正在得到关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。）可知，文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了避免电子垃圾对环境造成的影响，想办法循环利用电子垃圾的事情，并最终获得了成功，越来越多的人知道了关于安全处理电子垃圾的信息。 “Young people can make a big difference.” 意为 “ 年轻人可以有所作为。 ” 能够概括这个故事传达的信息。故选 D 项。
13、 1 ． B
2 ． D
3 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 GPS 跟踪项圈能捕获冰层的运动，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句 “But scientists have now found a way of using signals from those dropped collars to track the ice itself.( 但是科学家们现在发现了一种方法，可以利用掉下来的项圈发出的信号来追踪冰层本身 )” 和第二段关键句 “The scientists identified 20 collars that transmitted movement data consistent with ice drift ( 漂流 ) rather than polar bear motion between 2005 and 2015.( 科学家们发现了 20 个项圈，这些项圈传递的运动数据与 2005 年至 2015 年间的冰层漂流一致，而不是北极熊的运动 )” 可知，这些掉下来的 GPS 跟踪项圈可以发出信号来追踪冰层本身，能够传递冰层运动的数据。由此可知， GPS 跟踪项圈能捕获冰的运动。故选 B 项。
2 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句 “Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may spread in seas littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist.( 此外， NSIDC 的一位高级研究科学家 Walt Meier 说，这样的数据可以改进关于溢油或其他污染物如何在布满浮冰的海洋中扩散的预测 )” 可知， GPS 跟踪项圈捕获的数据可以帮助预测海洋中一些污染物的位置。故选 D 项。
3 ．主旨大意题。分析文章内容，结合第三段关键句 “The team compared the removed collars’ movements to widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay — as well as the overall extent of drift.( 研究小组将移除的项圈的运动与美国国家冰雪数据中心（ NSIDC ）广泛使用的冰漂移建模数据进行了比较。项圈数据表明， NSIDC 模型低估了哈德逊湾冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围 )” 可知， GPS 跟踪项圈捕获的数据与 NSIDC 模型的数据不相符，让我们对冰层移动的速度以及漂移的总体范围有了新的认知。 “Data Tells a Different Story” 意为 “ 数据说明了另一种情况 ” 能够概括文章主要内容。故选 A 项。
14、 1 ． C
2 ． D
3 ． D
4 ． C
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，告诉我们学生在大学里学习的应该是自己擅长并感兴趣的东西，并不只是为了获得工作而学习。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句 “Today, a degree is all but a necessity for the job market, one that more than halves your chances of being unemployed. Still, that alone is no guarantee of a job — and yet we’re paying more and more for one.( 如今，学位对就业市场来说几乎是一种必需品，它会使你失业的几率减半以上。尽管如此，单凭这一点并不能保证找到一份工作，然而我们为学位付出的代价却越来越高 )” 可知，人们为学位付出的代价却越来越高是因为学位被视为获得工作的必备条件。故选 C 项。
2 ．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句 “Given those costs, most of us want to maximize that investment—and that can lead to a plug-and-play type of approach to higher education.( 考虑到这些成本，我们大多数人都希望将投资最大化 —— 这就导致了一种即插即用的高等教育方式 )” 和 “And no matter what you do, forget the humanities, such as history, philosophy and languages.( 不管你做什么，忘记了人文学科，比如历史、哲学和语言 )” 可知，作者提出了一种即插即用的方法是为了说明人们忽视人文学科的原因。故选 D 项。
3 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句 “But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities — whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.( 但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维 —— 无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌 )” 可知，在笔者看来，主修人文学科的好处是能更多的接受语言和思维的训练。故选 D 项。
4 ．推理判断题。根据第四段关键句 “For young people in the U.S. , the unemployment rate of those with humanities degrees is four percent, just a little more than that of engineering degree holders.( 对于美国的年轻人来说，拥有人文学科学位的人的失业率是百分之四，只比拥有工程学学位的人高一点点 )” 和倒数第二段关键句 “But few courses of study are quite as heavy on reading, writing, speaking and critical thinking as the humanities —  whether that’s by debating other students in a seminar, writing a thesis paper or analyzing poetry.( 但很少有课程像人文学科那样注重阅读、写作、口语和批判性思维 —— 无论是在研讨会上与其他学生辩论、写论文还是分析诗歌 )” 可知，作者在文中引用了科学数据客观介绍了学习人文学科的利与弊，作者对学习人文学科的态度是客观的。故选 C 项。
15、 1 ． B
2 ． C
3 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇广告。 Skillshare 是一款非常流行的视频教学应用，这是一篇针对它的广告。
1 ．推理判断题。根据第一段第四句 “Read the developer’s privacy policy for details on how your kid’s information is collected” （请阅读开发者的隐私政策，了解您孩子的信息是如何收集的）可推知，文章的阅读对象是家长。故选 B 。
2 ．细节理解题。根据 “What kind of membership are you interested in?” 部分的表格中可知，一年的会员每个月需交 $10.99 。故选 C 。
3 ．推理判断题。根据 “What is it about?” 部分中的第八句和第九句 “Kids can watch the lessons within that class directly from the app. They can also save classes to watch later, and any classes they begin are automatically saved to a watch list. ” （孩子们可以直接从应用程序中观看该课程的课程。他们还可以保存课程以便以后观看，他们开始的任何课程都会自动保存到一个观看列表中。）可知， Skillshare 允许按照自己的节奏学习。根据第一段第二句 “It will likely appeal more to older kids (age 14+)” （它可能会更吸引年龄较大的孩子 (14 岁以上 ) ）可知， Skillshare 允许较大的孩子按照自己的节奏学习。故选 A 。
16、 1 ． D
2 ． D
3 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了动物学家露西 · 库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句 “Amphibians occupy a crucial spot in the middle of the food chain. If you remove them, everything else will be lost as well” （两栖动物在食物链中占据着一个至关重要的位置。如果你把它们移走，其他的一切也都会消失）可知，库克开始写《两栖动物复仇者》是为了解释这种动物的重要性。故选 D 。
2 ．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句 “They’ve always had a reputation for being lazy and stupid. （他们总是以懒惰和愚蠢而闻名。） ” 和最后一句 “My video showed the world how interesting they are” （我的视频向世界展示了他们是多么有趣）可知，这个视频是为了改变人们对树懒的看法，所以库克关于树懒的视频是她如何试图改变人们想法的一个例子。故选 D 。
3 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句 “Zoologist Lucy Cooke draws attention to some of the world’s least attractive animals. She hopes to show the world why some of the most unlovable animals are actually the most interesting and deserving of our attention and protection.” （动物学家露西 · 库克提醒人们注意一些世界上最不吸引人的动物。她希望向世界展示为什么一些最不可爱的动物实际上是最有趣的，值得我们关注和保护。）以及下文露西 · 库克的行为可知，文章主要介绍了动物学家露西 · 库克为保护动物所做出的的努力。所以选项 A （动物的保护者）是最好的标题。故选 A 。
17、 1 ． B
2 ． D
3 ． C
4 ． B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章对先进的声纳技术，也就是水深测量技术的发展和用途进行了详细介绍。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “While previous technology has only been able to produce two-dimensional images, bathymetry can now use computers, satellite-positioning equipment and special software to create accurate and remarkably detailed maps.” （虽然以前的技术只能生成二维图像，但水深测量技术现在可以使用计算机、卫星定位设备和特殊软件来绘制精确而详细的地图。）可知，水深测量技术使用了许多不同的设备来工作。故选 B 。
2 ．词义猜测题。根据第二段倒第二句 “For the first time, an ancient riverbed jumps out of the three-dimensional image.” （第一次，一个古老的河床从三维图像中跳出来。）可知，史前定居点现在能够被发现了。所以 pinpoint 的意思是 “ 发现 ” ，与 discover 同义。故选 D 。
3 ．细节理解题。根据第四段第三句 “The idea shared by many people in Britain of their country as a natural island kingdom will be challenged by the findings” （许多英国人认为他们的国家是一个天然岛屿王国的想法将受到调查结果的挑战）可知，作者相信，对海底定居点的更好理解可能会改变英国人对本国历史的态度。故选 C 。
4 ．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句 “It will also be vital in finding ships that have been destroyed in accidents. ” （它对于寻找在事故中被摧毁的船只也至关重要。）可知，使用水深测量将有助于提供沉船的精确位置。故选 B 。
18、 1 ． C
2 ． D
3 ． A
4 ． B
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了失落的倾听艺术，分析了导致倾听艺术遗失的一些因素、好的倾听者所具有的一些特点和倾听所带来的潜在好处。
1 ．细节理解题。根据第二段中 “Besides, schools and colleges rarely offer classes or activities that teach careful listening.( 此外，学校和大学很少开设教导认真聆听的课程或活动 )” 可知，影响聆听的因素之一是学校很少教授聆听技巧。故选 C 。
2 ．主旨大意题。根据第三段 “Generally, listening goes beyond simply hearing what people say. It also involves paying attention to how they say it and what they do while they are saying it, in what context, and how what they say is related to you. It’s not about merely holding your peace while someone else holds forth. Quite the opposite. A lot of listening has to do with how you respond—the degree to which you facilitate the clear expression of another person’s thoughts and, in the process, have a clear mind of your own.( 一般来说，倾听不仅仅是听别人说什么。这还涉及到注意他们是如何说的、他们说的时候做了什么、在什么语境下以及他们说的话与你有什么关系。这不仅仅是在别人滔滔不绝的时候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的倾听与你如何回应有关 —— 你在多大程度上促进了他人思想的清晰表达，在这个过程中，你有一个清晰的自己的头脑 )” 可知，第三段主要讲了人们如何重新找回失传的倾听艺术。故选 D 。
3 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 “Because our brain can think a lot faster than people can talk, be careful with the tendency to take mental side trips when you are listening. Smart people’s attention is easily taken away by their own runaway thoughts. They may also assume they already know what the other person is going to say.( 因为我们的大脑思考的速度要比人们说话的速度快得多，所以当你在听的时候，要小心不要走神。聪明人的注意力很容易被自己失控的想法带走。他们也可能认为自己已经知道对方要说什么 )” 可知，作者认为人们在倾听的时候应该避免心不在焉。故选 A 。
4 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “The reward of good listening will certainly be more interesting conversations. Researchers have found that attentive listeners receive more information from speakers, even when they don’t ask any questions.( 善于倾听的回报肯定会是更有趣的对话。研究人员发现，细心的听众会从说话者那里获得更多信息，即使他们没有问任何问题 )” 以及 “And to listen poorly, selectively or not at all limits your understanding of the world and prevents you from becoming the best you can be.( 而不善倾听、有选择地倾听或根本不倾听，会限制你对世界的理解，阻碍你成为最好的自己 )” 可推知，优秀的听众为自己争取到了利益的最大化。故选 B 。
19、 1 ． D
2 ． E
3 ． B
4 ． F
5 ． G
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例子介绍了一种解决问题的思维方式 —— 逆向思维，描述了它的好处和表现形式。
1 ．根据上文 “Creative solutions require a change of perspective. （创造性的解决方案需要改变观点。） ” 以及下文 “The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique （逆向技术是一种创造性思维技术） ” 可猜测，划线句写的是创造性的解决方案是逆向技术。 D 选项 “A great way to do this is by “reversing” your problem statement.” （一个很好的方法是 “ 颠倒 ” 你的问题陈述。）符合题意，故选 D 项。
2 ．根据上文 “How you change the order of the words doesn’t matter much, as long as the key words are reversed. （你如何改变单词的顺序并不重要，只要关键字颠倒过来就行。） ” 以及下文 “Your challenge is “How do we make sure that fewer people take cars to their work?”. Swapping the key words, you could rephrase this challenge as “How do we make sure that fewer cars take people to their work?””. （你面临的挑战是 “ 我们如何确保开车上班的人更少 ?” 换掉关键词，你可以把这个挑战重新表述为 “ 我们如何确保更少的车载着人们去上班 ?” ） ” 可知，本段是在举关键字颠倒过来的例子，并且有关于道路交通。 E 选项 “For instance, imagine you are responsible for limiting the traffic jam in your area.” （例如，设想你要负责限制你所在地区的交通堵塞。）符合题意，故选 E 项。
3 ．根据前文 “Sometimes using this technique requires you to first rephrase the question altogether. （有时使用这个技巧需要你首先重新表达问题。） ” 以及下文 “For instance, the question “how might we sell more washing machines?” is not easily reversed—there is no key word to swap with “washing machines”. （例如， “ 我们如何才能卖出更多的洗衣机 ?” 没有一个关键词可以和 “ 洗衣机 ” 互换。） ” 可知，重新表达问题与关键词有关。 B 选项 “Often it helps to add one more key word to the sentence.” （通常，在句子中再加一个关键词是有帮助的。）符合题意，故选 B 项。
4 ．根据前文 “Yet, when you rephrase the question to “How might we sell more washing machines to young parents?” you can easily change it to “How might we sell more young parents to washing machines? （然而，当你把这个问题重新表述为 “ 我们如何才能向年轻的父母出售更多洗衣机 ?” 你可以很容易地把它改成 “ 我们如何才能让更多的年轻父母喜欢洗衣机 ?” ） ” 可知，这种办法可以激发创造性思维。 F 选项 “Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thought.” （诚然，这是一个非常不寻常的挑战，但它可能会激发创造性思维。）符合题意，故选 F 项。
5 ．根据前文 “As this example shows, some reversals will require a very flexible way of thinking. （正如这个例子所示，一些反转将需要非常灵活的思维方式。） ” 以及后文 “However, thinking about the tiny amount of time it will “cost” you to try out a reversal, you have very little to lose and, potentially, lots to gain. （然而，考虑一下你尝试逆转的时间 “ 成本 ” ，你不会损失什么，但潜在地，你会得到很多。） ” 可猜测，做出这些反转很困难，要耗脑力。 G 选项 “Not everyone will be able to move from an unreasonable statement to a useful solution.” （不是每个人都能从一个不合理的陈述变成一个有用的解决方案。）符合题意，故选 G 项。
20、 1 ． D
2 ． C
3 ． A
4 ． F
5 ． G
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拥有健康饮食的五种方法。
1 ．根据下文 “If you decide that you spend too much time mindlessly snacking, maybe it's because your meals aren't filling enough, or you need more nutritionally-balanced snacks around. （如果你决定花太多时间盲目地吃零食，可能是因为你的三餐吃得不够饱，或者你需要更多营养均衡的零食。） ” 可知，下文是在为自己不健康的饮食找原因。 D 选项 “Then, you can look at the cause.” （然后，你可以看看原因。）符合题意，故选 D 项。
2 ．根据上文 “If it's doable and sustainable, try adding another change and see how that feels. （如果这是可行的和可持续的，试着增加另一个改变，看看感觉如何。） ” 以及下文 “If the habit you are developing is customized( 定制 )to you ， to your lifestyle ， to how you feel and to your reality, it will be easy for you to repeat it and to make it a habit. （如果你正在养成的习惯是为你、你的生活方式、你的感觉和你的现实量身定做的，那么你就很容易重复它并使它成为一种习惯。） ” 可知，增加的改变是养成一个新的习惯。 C 选项 “It's about building new habits.” （关于建立新的习惯。）符合题意，故选 C 项。
3 ．根据下文 “Cooking more often can often improve your dietary quality and decrease your reliance upon these foods. （经常烹饪可以改善你的饮食质量，减少你对这些食物的依赖。） ” 可知，本段是讲养成一个健康的饮食的方法是多在家做饭。 A 选项 “Cook more at home.” （多在家做饭。）符合题意，故选 A 项。
4 ．根据前文 “Remember that fibre fills us up on few calories. （记住，纤维能让我们在卡路里很少的情况下获得饱腹感。） ” 以及下文 “High-fibre diets have been linked to a range of health benefits, including protecting against disease. （高纤维饮食与一系列健康益处有关，包括预防疾病。） ” 可猜测，划线处描写的是食用纤维的好处。 F 选项 “It slows digestion ， lowers cholesterol( 胆固醇 )and stabilizes blood sugars.” （它可以减缓消化，降低胆固醇，稳定血糖。）符合题意，故选 F 项。
5 ．根据前文 “Using smaller plates at meal time is an easy thing to do that can bring us big benefits. （在用餐时间使用较小的盘子是一件容易的事情，可以给我们带来很大的好处。） ” 可知，本段是讲述在用餐时间使用较小的盘子的好处。 G 选项 “This will help to control portion( 食物的一份 )sizes so that you can be a more mindful eater.” （这将有助于控制食物的份量，这样你就能成为一个更专注的食客。）符合题意，故选 G 项。
21、 1 ． A
2 ． D
3 ． B
4 ． F
5 ． G
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在学习期间找工作的利弊。
1 ．根据前文 “Why do students look for employment? （学生为什么要找工作 ? ） ” 以及下文 “Education costs are high, and college tuitions have grown considerably during the last few years. （教育成本很高，大学学费在过去几年中大幅增长。） ” 可知，划线句讲的是学生找工作是迫于经济压力。 A 选项 “The main cause is financial pressure.” （主要原因是财政压力。）符合题意，故选 A 项。
2 ．根据前文 “Having a job during school or college years affects the students’ personal and academic lives （在中学或大学期间有一份工作会影响学生的个人生活和学业。） ” 可知，本段是围绕工作影响学业来叙述的。 D 选项 “They state that the job limits the number of classes they can take.” （他们说这份工作限制了他们能上的课程数量。）符合题意，故选 D 项。
3 ．根据前文 “Firstly, fresh graduates who already have work experience gained during their study years have better chances of landing a job. （首先，已经在学习期间获得了工作经验的应届毕业生有更好的机会找到工作。） ” 可知，本段是讲述学生在学习期间兼职对未来找工作的益处。 B 选项 “Student employment has an effect on future careers as well.” （学生就业对未来的职业生涯也有影响。）符合题意，故选 B 项。
4 ．根据前文 “As they try different jobs during their school years, they are more aware of their job preferences and target field, and thus far less confused than fresh graduates who have never worked. （当他们在学校里尝试不同的工作时，他们更清楚自己的工作偏好和目标领域，因此远没有那些从未工作过的应届毕业生那么困惑。） ” 可知，在学校里找工作的学生能更清楚的认识自我职业道路。 F 选项 “Finally, employed students develop a better appreciation of the career path to pursue.” （最后，就业的学生对自己所追求的职业道路有了更好的认识。）符合题意，故选 F 项。
5 ．根据前文 “To sum up, because of financial difficulties, many youths look for employment while attending school or college, and this can have positive or negative effects on their lives. （总之，由于经济困难，许多年轻人在上学或上大学的时候就找工作，这对他们的生活有积极的或消极的影响。） ” 以及下文 “In this way, employed students can gain noteworthy advantages in terms of career path after they graduate. （通过这种方式，就业的学生毕业后在职业道路方面可以获得明显的优势。） ” 可知，我们要协调好挣钱与学业之间的平衡。 G 选项 “So guidance should be given to help them keep a proper balance between study and work.” （所以应该给予指导，帮助他们在学习和工作之间保持适当的平衡。）符合题意，故选 G 项。
22、 1 ． D
2 ． C
3 ． F
4 ． E
5 ． G
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在我们的生活中，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节，并解释了出现这种现象的原因。
1 ．根据空格上句 “All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. ( 所有这些标志都是为了吸引我们的注意力而设计的 )” 可知，这里介绍的是标志的作用。 D 项意为 “ 它们还帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务。 ” 选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了标志的作用，可以帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务。故选 D 。
2 ．根据空格上句 “Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. ( 研究人员给 85 名学生布置了一个简单的任务，让他们完全凭记忆画出苹果的标志。令人惊讶的是，研究中只有一个学生能从记忆中准确地画出这个标志 )” 可知，实验结果表明，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节。 C 项意为 “ 那么，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？ ” 选项内容能够承接上文，针对上文的实验结果提出了问题，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？且能引出下文将要介绍的关于记忆的理论。故选 C 。
3 ．根据空格上句 “Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation ( 注意力饱和 )”. ( 然而，频繁接触这些标志实际上会让我们的大脑忽视它们。这个过程被称为 “ 注意力饱和 ”)” 可知，本段介绍了频繁接触标志会造成注意力饱和现象。 F 项意为 “ 实际上，我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息。 ” 选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是 “ 注意力饱和 ” ，是我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息。故选 F 。
4 ．根据空格上句 “When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist ( 梗概 ) memory. ( 当我们一次又一次地看到诸如标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来。这种持续的暴露导致了科学家们称之为梗概记忆的东西 )” 可知，本段介绍了当我们一次又一次地看到诸如标志之类的图像时，我们就会对它们熟悉起来，这种情况被科学家们称为梗概记忆。 E 项意为 “ 这意味着我们的大脑只记得基本的想法，而不记得所有的细节。 ” 选项内容能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是 “ 梗概记忆 ” ，选项中的 “It” 代指上文中的 “gist ( 梗概 ) memory” 。故选 E 。
5 ．根据空格上句 “A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider. ( 一个精致的设计或一个深思熟虑的颜色组合可能是一个标志概念的良好开端，但还有其他因素要考虑 )” 可知，本段介绍了如何才能设计出一个好的标志。 G 项意为 “ 标志设计师需要知道，人们只会记住他们认为是值得的。 ” 选项内容能够承接上文，是对标志设计师提出的一个建议，要想设计出一个好的标志，需要知道人们只会记住他们认为是值得的东西， “ 人们只会记住他们认为是值得的 ” 正是上文提到的 “ 其他因素 ” 之一。故选 G 。
23、 1 ． G
2 ． C
3 ． F
4 ． E
5 ． A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
1 ．根据上文 “The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. ( 这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的 Jessica Tracy 和旧金山州立大学的 David Matsumoto ，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的 )” 可知，上文提到 Jessica Tracy 和 David Matsumoto 想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法， G 选项中 They 指代上文中 Jessica Tracy 和 David Matsumoto 。故 G 选项 “ 他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的 ” 符合语境，故选 G 。
2 ．根据上文 “Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. ( 它的姊妹比赛 —— 残奥会 —— 包括许多天生失明的运动员 )” 可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应， C 选项中 they 指代上文 many athletes who were born blind 。故 C 选项 “ 因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应 ” 符合语境，故选 C 。
3 ．根据上文 “Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. ( 在一位专业摄影师的帮助下， Tracy 和 Matsumoto 比较了 108 名参赛者的肢体语言，其中 41 人后天失明， 12 人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势 )” 以及后文 “The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.( 获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄 )” 可知，上文提到 Tracy 和 Matsumoto 在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故 F 选项 “ 通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同 ” 符合语境，故选 F 。
4 ．根据上一段中 “The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.( 获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄 )” 以及后文 “Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.( 从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们 —— 尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小 )” 可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故 E 选项 “ 运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力 ” 符合语境，故选 E 。
5 ．根据上文 “These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. ( 这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。 Tracy 和 Matsumoto 认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地 )” 可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为， A 选项中 they 指代上文中 pride and shame 。故 A 选项 “ 它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为 ” 符合语境，故选 A 。
四、作文
1、 Dear Jim,
Hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to thank you for recommending Ms Smith.
She is such a wonderful teacher, a valuable addition to the club. She impresses us with her expertise and kindness. With her help, we have engaged in activities of all kinds and we are now our school’s most popular club.
Also, Ms Smith came up with the idea to donate English books to students in a rural area. Can you imagine how happy they were when receiving those books? These reading materials will surely help enrich their experiences. Most importantly, we feel the joy of being able to make a difference.
We believe you are part of why all these have happened, so please allow me to say thank you again. Well, so much about us. What’s new in your life? Do keep us updated.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给 Jim 写一封电子邮件，感谢他给与你校英语俱乐部的帮助。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。
结构：总分总法
要求：
1 ．表示感谢；
2 ．讲述新外教给予的帮助。
第二步 : 列提纲 （重点词组）
impress…with… ； engage in ； come up with ； make a difference ；
第三步：连词成句
1. She is such a wonderful teacher, a valuable addition to the club.
2. She impresses us with her expertise and kindness.
3. With her help, we have engaged in activities of all kinds and we are now our school’s most popular club.
4. Also, Ms Smith came up with the idea to donate English books to students in a rural area.
5. Can you imagine how happy they were when receiving those books?
6. These reading materials will surely help enrich their experiences.
7. Most importantly, we feel the joy of being able to make a difference.
8. We believe you are part of why all these have happened, so please allow me to say thank you again.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second( 供参考 )
2. 表并列补充关系： Also ， Most importantly
3. 表转折对比关系： However, On the contrary, but( 供参考 )
4. 表因果关系： So
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
【 高分句型 1 】 Can you imagine how happy they were when receiving those books?(how 引导宾语从句 )
【 高分句型 2 】 We believe you are part of why all these have happened, so please allow me to say thank you again.(why 引导宾语从句 )
2、 Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
I have benefited much from playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
This is my experience and understanding of sports. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友 Jim 写封邮件，向他介绍你的运动情况。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍你喜欢的一项运动；
2. 介绍这项运动给你带来的益处；
3. 提出关于运动的建议。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
play basketball; take part in competitions; benefit much from playing basketball; keep fit; refresh myself during the stressful school days; more courageous and persistent; the key to success; many friends with the same interest; do physical exercise      regularly
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
2.Actually, playing basketball is my favorite.
3.I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
4.I have benefited much from playing basketball.
5.It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days.
6.In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges.
7.It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
8.Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
9.This is my experience and understanding of sports.
10.So looking forward to your sharing.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表并列补充关系： In addition
2. 表因果关系： Therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
【 高分句型 1 】 Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do. （现在分词作状语）
【 高分句型 2 】 Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy. （ suggest 后的宾语从句用了虚拟语气）
3、 Possible version 1:
Dear Jim,
Glad to know you’re interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me.
To tell you the truth, I can’t help feeling amazed at the great changes that digital life has brought to us. With a smart phone in hand, I can do almost anything. Just name a few on the list –learning online, getting medical service on the Internet and shopping with a click. I can even travel across China without taking cash!
As a young student, I surely enjoy living in such a digital world. It gives me easy access to abundant resources, news and learning materials alike. If only I wish, it offers the chance to better myself, physically or mentally. However, the digital life also has its downsides. Many elderly Chinese feel left behind, including my grandparents. So I often try to help them keep up.
How about the digital life in your country? Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Possible version 2:
Dear Jim,
Learning that you are interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me.
You know, the advanced digital technology has changed our lifestyle fundamentally. To me, I can almost pay everything via a mobile phone, such as transportation, food and entertainment. My city has upgraded services, and we can pay bills online, including electricity, gas, water and heating. We can also enjoy reading from e-libraries, visiting virtual museums and even get medical services online.
I feel the digital life has brought great convenience to us and improved our life and work in a way beyond imagination. If only I wish, I can access abundant resources and better myself academically and physically. However, it does have its downside. The biggest one is the risk of privacy and data leak, which deserves better coping. Another is that many elderly get left behind. I feel the young have a duty to help them keep up.
How about the digital life in your country? Looking forward to your reply and your coming to explore our digital world one day.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友 Jim 写封邮件，向他介绍中国的数字化生活。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍你身边的数字化生活；
2. 阐述你的看法；
3. 询问对方情况。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
be interested in; would like to; To tell sb. the truth; can’t help doing; enjoy doing; access to; leave behind; try to; keep up; how about; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. Glad to know you’re interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me.
2. To tell you the truth, I can’t help feeling amazed at the great changes that digital life has brought to us.
3. As a young student, I surely enjoy living in such a digital world.
4. Many elderly Chinese feel left behind, including my grandparents.
5. So I often try to help them keep up.
6. How about the digital life in your country?
7.Looking forward to your reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1. 表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2. 表并列补充关系： What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3. 表转折对比关系： However, On the contrary, but, Although +clause( 从句 ), In spite of+ n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4. 表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
【 高分句型 1 】 Glad to know you’re interested in the digital life of Chinese, I’d like to tell you something about it around me. 这句话运用了省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。
4、 Possible version 1:
Dear Chris,
How is everything going? Knowing that you’re curious about how I take a record of my life, I’m more than happy to share it with you.
Since I was a little child, I’ve been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts. When I read my diary page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me. It’s a really valuable record of my growth.
Nowadays, many teenagers around me prefer to share their vlogs on the social media like bilibili or WeChat momets. But as for me, diary is like wine, the longer, the better. It will be my life-lasting friend.
What about you? I’m looking forward to your earliest reply. （ 129words ）
Yours,
Li Hua
Possible version 2:
Dear Chris,
How are you doing? It’s a pleasure to receive your email asking me about the ways I record my daily life and I’d love to share them with you.
I have developed a habit of keeping a diary since I was young. My diary is not only the place where I take down whatever happens to me but a best friend who I can tell my deepest feelings and thoughts to.
Recently, I have been experimenting with vlog, which, as you know, is an increasingly popular way of recording life. Videoing the cherished moments and sharing them on social media is such an experience that I have gained great pleasure from it.
In my opinion, whatever the way is, it is to prepare you to have a taste of the beauty of life. What do you think of it?
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友 Chris 回封邮件，告诉他你记录生活的方式。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分总法
要求：
1. 你记录生活的方式（日记、 vlog 等）；
2. 你的感受与收获。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be curious about ； take a record of ； share…with… ； be friends with ； page by page ； as for ； look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing that you’re curious about how I take a record of my life, I’m more than happy to share it with you.
2.Since I was a little child, I’ve been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts.
3. When I read my diary page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me.
4. It’s a really valuable record of my growth.
5. Nowadays, many teenagers around me prefer to share their vlogs on the social media like bilibili or WeChat moments.
6. But as for me, diary is like wine, the longer, the better.
7. It will be my life-lasting friend.
8. I’m looking forward to your earliest reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1. 表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second( 供参考 )
2. 表并列补充关系： What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition( 供参考 )
3. 表转折对比关系： But
4. 表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result( 供参考 )
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【点睛】
【 高分句型 1 】 Knowing that you’re curious about how I take a record of my life, I’m more than happy to share it with you.( 现在分词 knowing 作状语 )
【 高分句型 2 】 Since I was a little child, I’ve been friends with diary, with whom I can share my deepest feelings and thoughts.(with whom 引导非限制性定语从句 )
【 高分句型 3 】 When I read my diary page by page, all my memories flash back clearly to me.(when 引导时间状语从句 )
5、 Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Spring has come and our school is going to organize a cycling activity themed “Greet Spring, Embrace Nature” on April 10th. I am writing to invite you to join us.
Here is some information about the activity. At 8:00 am, we will gather at the school gate and then go to the famous cycling park in the suburbs. After arriving there, we will rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route. After that, we will have a picnic. It’s a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside.
Don’t forget to wear your helmet and protective gloves if you come. You’d better bring your lunch pack with you.
I hope we can have fun together. If you are interested in it, just let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生 Jim 写封邮件，邀请他参加主题为 “ 寻找春天，拥抱自然 ” 的踏青骑行活动。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，少量现在进行时和现在完成时。
结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 介绍活动安排；
2. 介绍准备事项。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
invite you to join us; gather at the school gate; rent road bikes; begin our cycling; wear your helmet and protective gloves; bring your lunch pack
第三步：连词成句
1.Spring has come and our school is going to organize a cycling activity themed “Greet Spring, Embrace Nature” on April 10th.
2.I am writing to invite you to join us.
3.Here is some information about the activity.
4.At 8:00 am, we will gather at the school gate and then go to the famous cycling park in the suburbs.
5.After arriving there, we will rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route.
6.After that, we will have a picnic.
7.It’s a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside.
8.Don’t forget to wear your helmet and protective gloves if you come.
9.You’d better bring your lunch pack with you.
10.I hope we can have fun together.
11.If you are interested in it, just let me know.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1. 表文章结构顺序： First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2. 表并列补充关系： What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including
3. 表转折对比关系： However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause( 从句 ), In spite of+n/doing, On the one hand…, On the other hand… Some…, while others…, as for, so…that…
4. 表因果关系： Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【点睛】
【 高分句型 1 】 After arriving there, we will rent road bikes and begin our cycling along the 10-kilometer-long route. （动名词作宾语）
【 高分句型 2 】 It’s a good chance to get some exercise and enjoy the beautiful view in the countryside. （ it 作形式主语）
五、阅读填空
1、 1 ． has got
2 ． published
3 ． less
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。研究报告显示青少年在晚上没有足够的睡眠已经成为一种趋势。
1 ．考查时态。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过 80% 的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。根据句中时间状语 in the past ten years 可知，用一般现在时。句中主语为 Lack of sleep ，不可数，所以谓语动词用 has 。故填 has got 。
2 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：本周一发布的一份报告显示，在过去十年中，我国儿童和青少年睡眠不足问题日益严重，超过 80% 的儿童和青少年在校期间睡眠不足。名词 report 与 publish 之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填 published 。
3 ．考查短语。句意：中国科学院心理研究所的一份报告显示，去年，中国青少年在校期间每晚的平均睡眠时间为 7.8 小时，比 2009 年减少了 20 分钟。 less than 少于。故填 less 。
2、 1 ． earned
2 ． that
3 ． is praised
4 ． to describe
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章对 “ 牛 ” 的精神和内涵进行了介绍。
1 ．考查一般过去时。句意：几个世纪以前，大多数人靠务农为生。根据 Centuries ago 可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 earned 。
2 ．考查定语从句。句意：今天， “ 牛精神 ” 仍然是指克服任何可能出现的障碍。定语从句 “may present itself as an obstacle” 中缺少主语，且先行词 anything 为不定代词，所以只能用关系代词 that 。故填 that 。
3 ．考查被动语态和一般现在时。句意：这种精神受到高度赞扬，许多人把它作为他们的工作原则。动词 praise 意为 “ 表扬 ” ，和主语 spirit 构成被动关系。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填 is praised 。
4 ．考查 to do 不定式。句意：当某人通过努力工作取得了巨大成就时，人们经常使用 “ 牛 ” （意思是 “ 令人敬畏的 ” ）来描述他或她。表示用 “ 牛 ” 来描述他或她，应用 to do 不定式表目的。故填 to describe 。
3、 1 ． on/along
2 ． what
3 ． myself
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。智能手机正在改变我们的生活，带来许多便捷，但是也让 “ 我 ” 感到焦虑。
1 ．考查介词。句意：一名男子走在人行道上，手里拿着智能手机，完全沉浸在数字世界中。表示 “ 走在人行道上 ” 可用介词 on 或者 along 。故填 on/along 。
2 ．考查宾语从句。句意：就像以前的电脑一样，智能手机正在改变我们的生活。宾语从句 “computers achieved before” 中缺少 achieved 的宾语，且指事物，所以应用 what 。故填 what 。
3 ．考查反身代词。句意：那就是我经常发现自己心不在焉的原因。主语和宾语都是 “ 我 ” ，所以应用反身代词作宾语。故填 myself 。
4、 1 ． Holding
2 ． what
3 ． was flying
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者抓住一只鸟并在父亲的劝说下将它放飞的故事。
165 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：把它握在手里，我感到很兴奋。句中逻辑主语 I 与 hold 之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填 Holding 。
2 ．考查名词性从句。句意：我不相信他说的话，但决定试一试。分句句子可知，本句为宾语从句，从句 said 缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接词 what 。故填 what 。
3 ．考查时态。句意：我张开双手，看见那鸟儿在天空中自由地飞翔，四周镶着太阳的颜色。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意可知，表示 “ 鸟正在自由飞翔的时候 ” ，所以用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。故填 was flying 。
5、 1 ． To finish
2 ． has lifted
3 ． residents
【分析】
本文是新闻报道。介绍中国已经成功地彻底帮助全国摆脱贫困。扶贫政策于 2013 年 11 月提出，大量的官员被派往地方工作，成功帮助贫困人口脱贫。
1 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成这个任务，大约 80 万名官员已被派往地方各级工作。分析句子可知， finish 此处为目的状语，不定式形式作目的状语，置句首单词首字母大写，故填 To finish 。
2 ．考查动词时态。句意：在过去的 8 年里，中国已经消除了 9899 万贫困农村人口，按照当前的贫困线脱离贫困的人口比除了少数国家外的大部分国家都要多。由时间状语 In the past 8 years 可知，用现在完成时，主语是单数，故填 has lifted 。
3 ．考查名词。句意同上。 resident“ 居民 ” 是可数名词，由 98.99 million 修饰，用复数，故填 residents 。
6、 1 ． quickly
2 ． said
3 ． will be gone/ will go
4 ． who/that
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帕梅拉是著名的社交媒体影响者，她鼓舞了那些想通过努力工作实现目标的年轻女性。
1 ．考查副词。句意：帕梅拉是著名的社交媒体影响者，她在社交媒体平台上与粉丝分享自己的兴趣，并迅速拥有了国际粉丝。修饰动词 grown ，用副词形式。故填 quickly 。
2 ．考查时态。句意：她曾在一次演讲中说： “ 生活中，有时你在正确的时间出现在正确的地方，你有机会。如果你在这个特定的时刻不抓住这个机会，它就会永远消失。 ” 根据 once 可知，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填 said 。
3 ．考查时态。句意：她曾在一次演讲中说： “ 生活中，有时你在正确的时间出现在正确的地方，你有机会。如果你在这个特定的时刻不抓住这个机会，它就会永远消失。 ”if 的条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主语用将来时。句中用动词 go 作谓语或形容词 gone 作表语。故填 will be gone/ will go 。
4 ．考查定语从句。句意：帕梅拉鼓舞了那些想通过努力工作实现目标的年轻女性。句中先行词为 young women ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 who 或 that 引导。故填 who/that 。
7、 1 ． across
2 ． unfortunately
3 ． why
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个盲人拿着一盏点燃的灯为别人照明的故事。
1 ．考查固定短语。句意：一天晚上，他遇到一群旅行者。 come across 偶遇，遇到，固定短语。故填 across 。
2 ．考查副词。句意：是的，不幸的是，我是盲人但我手里的灯是为像你这样能看见的人准备的。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语修饰空后整个句子， unfortunate 的副词为 unfortunately“ 不幸地 ” 。故填 unfortunately 。
3 ．考查表语从句。句意：这就是我拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导表语从句，此处是对拿着一盏点燃的灯的原因进行解释说明，所以空处需用连接副词 why 引导。故填 why 。
8、 1 ． have been translated/were translated
2 ． involved
3 ． stories
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国文学在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。
1 ．考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：越来越多的中国文学作品被翻译成英、法、日、俄等多种语言，被 “ 一带一路 ” 沿线国家和地区的人们阅读。空处需用动词作谓语，根据句意可知，空处谓语动词可以用一般过去时的被动语态： was/were done ，表示过去被翻译，此处也可以用现在完成时态的被动语态： has/have been done ，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，主语是复数 works ，所以此处 be 动词需用 were ，助动词需用 have 。故填 have been translated 或 were translated 。
2 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。本句已有谓语动词 translate ，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词 countries and regions ，表示被动需用过去分词 involved 作后置定语。故填 involved 。
3 ．考查名词复数。句意：不仅来自中国历史的故事穿越了时间的长河，而且语言的美丽吸引了全世界的注意。由空前助动词 have 可知，空处需用名词 story 的复数作主语。故填 stories 。
9、 1 ． dived/dove
2 ． deepest
3 ． which
4 ． to move
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国载人潜水器 “ 奋斗者 ” 号实现最深潜水记录。
1 ．考查动词时态。句意：去年 7 月，中国 “ 奋斗者 ” 号载人潜水器潜入马里亚纳海沟 10909 米深处。由时间状语 Last July 可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时， dive 的过去式为 dived/dove 。故填 dived 或 dove 。
2 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是中国载人潜水器的最深潜水记录。根据空后 “diving record for a Chinese manned submersible.” 和空前定冠词 the 可知，空处形容词需用其最高级形式 deepest ，表示最深潜水记录。故填 deepest 。
3 ．考查定语从句。句意：水下的压力非常大，就像一头大象站在你的指尖上。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句。故填 which 。
4 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于科学家们来说，卵形潜水器更容易四处走动和研究海洋。 Make it easier for sb. to do sth. 使某人更容易做某事，固定搭配，此处 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式，所以空处需用动词不定式作宾语。故填 to move 。
10、 1 ． What
2 ． using
3 ． pictures
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。所有的英语学习词典都是专门为帮助学生而设计的，文章对这些词典的使用方法进行了介绍。
1 ．考查主语从句。句意：让学生们困惑的是如何使它们易于使用。主语从句 “confuses students” 中缺少主语，且是指事物，所以应用 what 。故填 what 。
2 ．考查现在分词。句意：学生也可以得到语法和用法指导，反义词，其他表达使用的单词和大量的例子。动词 use 和逻辑主语 other expressions 构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。故填 using 。
3 ．考查名词复数。句意：也可能有各种各样的图片来帮助你理解。 a range of 后应用可数名词复数。故填 pictures 。
11、 1 ． are located
2 ． overcame
3 ． the biggest
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。抓到一条非常大的鱼是很难的，但是多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫 · 迪恩的人抓到了迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。
1 ．考查一般现在时和被动语态。句意：另一个原因是大鱼一旦被找到不会直接跳上船。此处讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词 locate 和主语 they 构成被动关系。故填 are located 。
2 ．考查一般过去时。句意：多年前，一个名叫阿尔夫 · 迪恩的人克服了这两个困难。根据 “Years ago” 可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 overcame 。
3 ．考查形容词最高级。句意：这是迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼。根据 ever 可知，此处是指迄今为止一个人钓到的最大的鱼，应用形容词最高级。故填 the biggest 。
12、 1 ． brought
2 ． pollutes
3 ． because
4 ． healthy
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。虽然出国旅游会给这些国家带来好处，但是也会污染环境，作者认为为了保护环境，我们就需要少旅行。
1 ．考查过去分词。句意：额外带来的资金可以给这些国家带来巨大的利益。动词 bring 和主语 money 构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填 brought 。
2 ．考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意：首先，将数百万游客运送到度假目的地会污染空气和海洋。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语 transporting 为动名词，第三人称单数。故填 pollutes 。
3 ．考查连词。句意：最后，由于游客消耗大量的水，淡水供应越来越少。 “ tourists consume much water” 是 “fresh water supplies are running low” 的原因，所以可用 because 引导原因状语从句。故填 because 。
4 ．考查形容词。句意：如果我们想让我们的地球成为一个健康的地方，我们就需要少旅行。修饰名词 place 应用形容词。故填 healthy 。
13、 1 ． stopped
2 ． themselves
3 ． in
4 ． After
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一则报道：中国警官用蹩脚的英语和肢体语言帮助外国人。
1 ．考查过去分词。句意：视频中，一名德国学生返回上海，但在公寓门口被保安拦下。 got 是系动词，相当于 be ，主语 a German student 和动词 stop 是被动关系，结合 by 可知，用被动语态（ be done ）， get done 是被动语态的一种变式，此处用过去分词表被动。故填 stopped 。
2 ．考查代词。句意：他们无法让别人理解他们自己。主语 They 和宾语 they 都指 “ 他们 ” ，宾语用反身代词，主语 They 是复数，用 themselves 。故填 themselves 。
3 ．考查介词。句意：两名警察出现在现场，他们用蹩脚的英语和肢体语言与学生交流。 in + 语言，表 “ 说 …… 语言 ” 。故填 in 。
4 ．考查介词。句意：解决问题后，警官告诉学生她应该学点中文。由句意可知，此处用介词 after ，首字母大写。故填 After 。