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PEP暑假课程五年级语法 名词 学案
展开导入:数数下面两幅图中分别有多少只鸭子?
用英文怎么来表达呢?
1.什么叫名词?
名词是词性的一种,是表示人或事物实体存在的词,如:理发师、学生、水等。主要功能是作主语、宾语。
2.名词的分类
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词,其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式;而不可数名词没有复数形式。
3.可数名词的复数形式:
规则变化:
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:bk-bks,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,bx-bxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes,glass-glasses,dress-dresses
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families(家庭),
butterfly-butterflies(蝴蝶),lady-ladies,strawberry-strawberries(草莓) ★注意:“元音字母+y”结尾的,直接加-s,如:day-days,by-bys
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves(落叶),wlf-wlves(狼),shelf-shelves(架子),half-halves(一半),thief-thieves(小偷)
注意:特殊情况直接加s:gulf-gulfs(海湾),rf-rfs(屋顶),belief-beliefs
(信仰),prf-prfs(证据)[此处知道即可,暂时不用记]
不规则变化:
1. man-men,wman-wmen, pliceman(男警察)-plicemen, plicewman(女警察)-plicewmen, muse-mice,
child(孩子)-children,ft-feet,tth-teeth(牙齿),x-xen(公牛) chick-chicken(鸡)
2. fish-fish(鱼), sheep(羊)-sheep,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese, peple-peple(人,人们)
注意:
fish:①当一条鱼讲时,单复数同形,如three fish.
②当各种各样的鱼讲时,即强调鱼的种类时,要加es.如:all kinds f fishes .各种各样的鱼
③当鱼肉讲时,不可数。 peple:当peple后加上s时即peples表示“民族”例如:There are 56 peples in China. 中国有56个民族。
实记: tmat-tmates(西红柿),ptat-ptates(土豆),her-heres(英雄)negr-negres(黑人),vlcan-vlcanes(火山) z-zs,pht-phts
4.不可数名词的复数形式
不可数名词我们都把它当成单数用,不需要加S,这就需要我们来衡量哪些是可数的,哪些是不可数的名词。
water(水) 、milk(牛奶)、 tea(茶) 、rice(米饭)、juice(果汁)、bread(面包),sup(汤),hair,meat,news(消息),wrk(工作),paper(纸),weather(天气),luck(运气),grass(草)
★中日不变,英法变,其余s加后面 German-Germans(德国人)
注意:部分不可数名词我们需要用到量词来形容。比如一杯水,一杯牛奶,一碗饭等等。
一.名词变复数
1. pen __________ 2.cup ___________ 3.fruit __________
4.cuntry ____________ 5. family ____________ 6.chick__________
7.pint______________ 8.man ______________ 9. child__________
10.fireman ____________ 11.shelf ____________ 12. pht________
二.判断下列名词哪些是可数名词,在其后面打勾
1.paper
2.pen
3.hmewrk
4.watch
5.milk
6.water
7.cmputer
8.bag
9.umbrella
10.ring
11.rice
12.weather
巩固训练:
写出下列名词的复数形式
1、range
2、class
3、text
4、mnkey
5、pian
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、cuntry
10、family
11、ty
12、ft
13、Japanese
14、radi
15、pht
16、army _
17、tmat
18、fx
19、wman
20、knife
5.谓语动词的单复数
1.Be动词的单复数
be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词用are. 不可数名词用is。be动词分为 am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);
is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);
are用于第二人称单数(yu)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数yu;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children 、 his parents等)。
2.实义动词的单复数:
单数名词和不可数名词作主语时,实义动词用单数(+S),复数名词作主语时,实义动词用原型(不+S)
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it 和其他,如Helen 、her cusin 等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
6.名词前的冠词(a, an, the)
可数名词可以和冠词a/an连用,不可数名词前不可以用冠词a/an.
①a和an均用在单数名词之前,表示某一类人或事物中的"一个",相当于汉语的"一",但不强调数目观念。
②a用在辅音(音素)之前,an用在元音(音素)之前。如:a ntebk一个笔记本,a bk一本书,an ld man一位老人,an English class一堂英语课。
字母u读作[ju:]时,由于第一个音[j]是辅音,故前面用a,不用an。如:a useful bk一本有用的书,a university一所大学。字母h如不发音,第一个音又是元音,前面用an而不用a,如an hur一小时,an hnest persn一个诚实的人。
7. many+可数名词、much +不可数名词 (表示数量很多)
few+可数名词、little+不可数名词 (表示数量极少)没几个 a few+可数名词、a little+不可数名词(表示数量极少)有几个
sme, any , a lt f、lts f既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词 4、对可数名词的数量提问用hw many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 hw much Hw many bks d yu have?
Hw much milk des he drink in the mrning?
可数名词的表达总结
①可数名词的数量可以直接用数词来修饰 如:tw students(两个学生) 也可用many、a few 、sme、any、a lt f ,lts f ,mst f 等修饰。
不可数名词的表达总结
不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
用much ,a little ,sme,any,a lt f a lt f ,lts f ,mst f等表
多少。 如
There is much water in the bttle .瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell yu much gd news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
2) 用单位词表示。 (用a ... f 表示。)
如 a cup f ( 一杯),a bttle f (一瓶) a piece f ( 一张),a pair f shes(一双鞋) tw cups f tea(两杯茶),five pieces f paper
(五张纸)
随堂练习:
1. I have tw_____ (knife).
2. There are many _____ here. (bx)
3. There are many _____ n the rad. (bus)
4. A few _____ are drawing n the wall. (by)
5. The _____ are playing ftball nw. (child)
6.I can see a _______ standing near the dr. (pliceman)
7.D yu want sme ________ fr dinner? (ptat)
8 In autumn, yu can see a lt f _______ n the grund.(leaf)
9.He has tw _______.One is blue , the ther is yellw.( bx)
10. Tw ________ live in this building .( family )
11. There are s many________(wlf)in the frest.
12.There are three ______(chair) in the classrm.
13.These _______(tmat) are red.
14.My brther lks after tw ______(baby)
15.There are sme ______(deer) eating the grass.
16.My father likes t eat _______(ptat).
8.名词的所有格
有些名词的可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。 如Mary's father(玛丽的父亲) 、Jim's mther(吉姆的母亲) 。与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。
1)单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。 如Tm's knife(汤姆的小刀) children's bks(儿童书籍)
2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加’s,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’s。
如Jim and Mike's rm吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间 Jim's and Mike's rms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间
3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。 如the students' reading-rm(学生阅览室)
Everyne needs t have at least eight hurs' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。
随堂练习:
一 .选择
1. ----Hw’s Jy’s skirt?
----Her skirt is mre beautiful than ________.
A.her sister’s and Kate B.her sister and Kate
C.her sister and Kate’s D.her sister’s and Kate’s
2.This is _______ rm. The twin sisters like it very much.
A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy’s and Lily C.Lucy and Lily’s
3.It’s abut __________walk frm my hme.
A. ten minute B. ten minutes’ C. ten minute’s D. ten minutes
4.Every mrning Mr. Smith takes a ________ t his ffice.
A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
5.__________ mthers made them have pian lessns.
A. Peter and Anne B. Peter’s and Anne’s
C. Peter’s and Anne D. Peter and Anne’s
6.The rm n the right is ________.
A. her B. she C. Lucy’s D. Lucy
7.We’ll have a ____________ hliday. What abut ging t the West Lake?
A. tw days B. tw-day C. tw-days D. tw-days’
8.The market isn’t far frm here. It’s nly ___________ bicycle ride.
A. half an hurs’ B. half an hur’s
C. half an hur D. an hur and a half
9.Where’s yur father ? At _________.
A. Mr Green’s B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Green’s
10.The twin brthers always put small presents in ___________stckings n Christmas Day.
A. each ther’s B. each ther C. each thers D. each thers’
二 填空
1. __________________________(李明的父母)wrk in a big hspital.
2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)
3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice.
4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a htel manager.
5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ?
6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师).
7. ___________________________(教师节) is n September 10th .
8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new.
9. We are very happy n ____________________________________(儿童节).
10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) nw.
<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、range
2、class
3、text
4、mnkey
5、pian
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、cuntry
10、family
11、ty
12、ft
13、Japanese
14、radi
15、pht
16、army
17、tmat
18、fx
19、wman
20、knife
21、sheep
<二>、选择填空
1、There n the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are phtes B. are phts C. is a pht D. is phts
2. Hw many ______ d yu see in the picture?
A. tmats B. tmates C. tmat D. the tmat
3. ______ and ______ are nt friends.
A. Fxs…wlfs B. Fxes…wlfs C. Fxes…wlves
4. That’s art bk.
A. an B. a C. the D are
5. The bys get .
A. tw bread B. tw breads
C. tw pieces f bread D. tw piece f bread
6. The ld man wants .
A. six bxes f apples B. six bxes f apple
C. six bx f apples D. six bxs f apples
7. There sme in the river.
A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish
8. There tw in the bx.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
9. We shuld clean twice a day.
A .ur tth B. ur tths C.teeth D.ur teeth
10. They cme frm different ______
A. cuntry B. cuntries C. a cuntry D. cuntrys
11. They are______.
A . wman teachers B. wmen teachers
C. wmen teacher D. wman teacher
12. Wuld yu like _______ ,please?
A. tw glass f water B. tw glasses f water
C. tw glass f waters D. tw glasses f waters
13. These are the ______ f ur natinal ______.
A. phts … heres B. phtes … heres C. phts … hers
14. There are sme ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-bxes B.knives…pencils-bx
C.knives…pencil-bx D.knives…pencil-bxes
15. There is n ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. ranges C. rice D. eggs
16. _______ are gd fr ur health.
A. Tmats B. Tmates C. Tmat
17. I like t eat cake with ______.
A. cherries B. cherry(樱桃) C.cherrys
18. The ______ are running n the ______.
A. deer … grasses B. deers … grass C. deer … grass
19. I was s hungry and I eat tw ______.
A. bwls f ndle B. bwls f ndles C. bwl f ndles
20. Hw many _____ are there in yur class ?
A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian
21. Mst f ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
<三>、将以下单复数句进行转换
1 This is a knife. ______________________________________
2 That is a tmat. ______________________________________
3 That child is very gd._____________________________________
4 These are mice. ______________________________________
5 Thse are children. ______________________________________
<四>、选择正确的词形
1 Hw many (radies, radis) can yu see?
2 There are 36 (bys, bies) in my class.
3 Lk at thse (sheeps, sheep).
4 I dn’t want (a, an) ld cup.
5 Give me that (bx, bxes), please.
教案课题
名词
教师姓名
学生姓名
上课日期
学科
英语
适用年级
五年级
教材版本
学习目标
掌握名词单复数以及谓语单复数
重难点
名词单复数所对应的谓语单复数
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