高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案设计

高中英语（外研版）必修三

UNIT-3 The World of Science

Period-3 Developing ideas

导学案

1. 本课生词、词组
2. 被动语态知识梳理（复习+新知识点）

被动语态的构成

英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。主动语态是无标记的，而被动语态则是有标记的。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，口语中也有用“get / become + 过去分词”表示。助动词be随着主语的人称、数和句子的时态、语气的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式见下表：

2. 使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。

(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。

My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.

直接宾语变为主语：An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.

间接宾语变为主语：I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.

(2)主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变），（作补语的）不定式前需加to。

The boss made him work all day long.

He was made to work all day long (by the boss).

(3)动词短语的被动语态：含有动词短语的句子变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。

The children were taken good care of (by her).

Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.

(4)句子谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等，被动语态用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：

People say he is a smart boy. =It is said that he is a smart boy. =He is said to be a smart boy.

People know paper was made in China first.

= It is known that paper was made in China first.

= Paper was known to be made in China first.

类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped / thought that…

(5)不能用被动语态的几种情况。

①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词短语都不能用于被动语态中。

②表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等

③表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。

④表示状态的动词(短语)不用于被动语态，此类动词(短语)主要是表示“容纳、适合、缺少”等意思的动词(短语),如hold, contain, fit, lack, benefit, cost, join, mean, last, look like, consist of等。

The rain lasted three days. 雨持续了三天。

(6)主动形式表被动意义。

①“系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构。

The steel feels cold. 钢摸起来很凉。

The milk has gone bad. 牛奶已经变质了。

②表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。

Work began at 7 o’clock this morning. 今天早上7点钟开始工作的。

The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 这个商店每天下午6点关门。

③表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, iron, cut, draw, drive, sell, wash, clean, wear, cook, lock, dry, eat, drink等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。

This coat dries easily. 这件外套容易干。

Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。

Your article reads very well. 你的文章读起来很不错。

This material has worn thin. 这个材料已经磨薄了。

④want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

The plant needs watering/ to be watered. 这棵植物需要浇水了。

⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。

The girl isn’t easy to get along with. 这个女孩不容易相处。

注意：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。

1. (2019·广东六校第一次联考)The phrase __________(create) for the first time in 2014 in Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path.

2. (2018•广东肇庆蓝精灵中学第一次月考)Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast. Recently a test __________(give) in the United Sates.

3. (2019•福建闽侯第四中学开学考试)Last month, an unforgettable adult ceremony __________(hold) for all the senior 3 students in our school.

4. (2017•石嘴山三中月考)The camera __________(reduce) to half the original price last year.

5. (2017•漳州一中高三期末)Sailing races __________(hold) on the lake at 11:30 next Tuesday.

6. As a foreigner, I __________(absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of welcome and unique culture during the trip.

1. 根据要求写出对应汉语意思和词性

(1)draft __________________

(2)declaration __________________

(3)experiment __________________

(4)lighting __________________

(5)fiction __________________

(6)metal __________________

(7)attach __________________

(8)flash __________________

(9)conduct __________________

(10)scientific __________________

(11)entirely __________________

(12)gravity __________________

(13)account __________________

(14)proof __________________

(15)procedure __________________

1. More than one generation of schoolchildren has been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth.

[句式分析] 词组“approach to sth/doing sth”译为“做某事的方法”，此处注意to是________，若接动词要变成___________。

[尝试翻译] ____________________________________________________________________。

2. In fact, more than one account suggests that while Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there’s no proof that it hit him on the head.

[句式分析] 本句需要掌握两个知识点。①句型“there’s no proof that...”译为“没有证据表明...”that后引导___________，that________省略。②短语“hit sb on/in....”，译为“…打到某人…部位”，其中介词的选择取决于具体语境。

[尝试翻译] __________________________________________________________________________。

一、单句语法填空

1．The manager is ready________(shoulder) the blame.

2．The film star’s__________(attend) to the party came as a great shock to the participants.

3．The achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade have been__________ (astonish).

4．The___________ (care) waiter dropped the soup onto the ground.

5．My father is always_____________(patience) and is very good at solving problems.

6．The boys went to play football________________(instant) they finished their homework.

7．It was reported that the goods________(ship) to the island before the police arrived.

8．The nonstop speech for three hours made him__________(exhaust).

9．I was walking to school this morning when I witnessed a terrible traffic accident, which was really_______(frighten).

10．Good teamwork is a ____________(power) tool for effective management.

【答案】：

小试牛刀：

1. was created;  2. was given;   3. was held;  4. was reduced;

5. will be held;   6. was absorbed

合作探究：

1. 介词；动名词；不止一代的学生为其（本杰明·富兰克林）勇气和探索真相的科学方法所惊叹。
2. 同位语从句；不可以；实际上，很多说明表明：尽管牛顿确实是受到一个正掉落的苹果启发，但却没有证据表明这个苹果砸到了牛顿头上。

自主探究：

1．to shoulder  2．attendance  3．astonishing  4．careless  5．patient

6．instantly  7．had been shipped  8．exhausted  9．frightening  10．powerful