2021年上海市中考英语冲刺专题讲义-首字母填空 (教师版+学生版)

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英语学科讲义  知识梳理：首字母填空专项训练一、首字母填空解题技巧：1. 通读短文，了解大意；2. 判断句子成分；3. 确定空格单词词性；4. 联系上下文，找线索，推测答案；5. 通读短文，检查答案。注意语法问题； 二、解题技巧详解从句子成分角度分析一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语、补语等。          对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。注意名词单复数。【随堂测练1】(1)      The I________ brings us closer than before.(2)      Doing some r________ before the test is necessary.(3)      Three r________ happened yesterday. But today all the robbers have been caught by the police.(4)      The children are all working in the classroom. Some of them are cleaning the windows and o_______ are sweeping the floor. 此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。eg: The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。          对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。注意时态的问题。【随堂测练2】(1)      My mum always e________ me to be a brave boy when I was young.(2)      This kind of new mobile phone costs so much that I can hardly a________ one.(3)      Knowing more than one language i ________ your knowledge of other cultures.(4)      The students in our school always c________ about the food. 时态:  ①       一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式②       一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式③       现在进行时：考虑动词的现在分词形式④       现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式          对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词，代词，动名词。【随堂测练3】(1)      The doctors are busy o________ on the seriously injured man at the moment.(2)      If you feel nervous, take a deep b________ and I'm sure you'll feel better.(3)      He had to make a c________ between studying in Shanghai and going abroad.(4)      If you meet with any d________, you can ask me for help.          对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练4】(1)      He is p________ of his daughter, for she always gets A grades in all subjects.(2)      The sick man is getting w________. Maybe he will die soon.(3)      Such cold weather is quite u________ in May and people have to wear warm clothes again. (4)      She was a________ a big prize for her hard work.          对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。注意形容词比较级和最高级。【随堂测练5】(1)      I’ve been used to the c________ weather in London.(2)      The visit to Chongming Island was really u________, it left us a sweet memory.(3)      That’s only my p________ opinion. Everyone is welcome to share yours.(4)      The French artist said, “It is my f_______ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much.”          对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。【随堂测练6】(1)      The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so e________. She remembered it was hard.(2)      I thought I was wrong. A________, it is a wise decision.(3)      B________, you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one?(4)      As you climb, your partner pulls you climbing rope t________ something called a belay device (绳索控制器).          对连词的判断:并列连词and, but, or, so , not only…but also, either …or, neither…nor, as well as, both…and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 从属连词although/though /because/ if/unless/when/until/after/before/as/...等连接从句。因此，首字母中一个句子中有从句的话，就考虑从属连词。【随堂测练7】(1)      Work harder, a________ you’ll make great progress in English.(2)      My job is to protect the innocent as well a________ find the guilty.(3)      A ________Walt Disney made many of his most famous movies many years ago, they are as popular now as they were when he made them.(4)      You will fail in the exam u ________ you study harder than before. 其他做题思路：          依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如:W ________ his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.          依据语法知识进行填词：如: These people often have thin walls which can’t s ________ the noise from next door.根据句意我们了解道墙壁很薄，所以不能阻止隔壁的噪音。根据中考词组“stop…from”，所以填stop。          依据常识的积累进行填词：如:But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S________.” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S          .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.          依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如：One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friend’s house happily. He wanted to p ________ his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick. 三、通关秘籍：             四、典型案例分析：2018年静安区二模There’s no place like homeSome people dream of having a home ‘just like the ones in decorating magazines’. That sort of beautifully stylish home may be n  81  , but for a truly special place to live, why not choose a home unlike any other in the neighbourhood? The unique(独一无二的) houses on these pages challenge people to reconsider what a home is s  82   to look like.Environmentally friendly homes are getting a lot of a  83   these days. Earthships, for example, are unusual homes made from materials like mud, straw and reused wood. The designers of earthships combine these natural materials with recycled i  84  , such as bottles, cans and old tyres. These homes show their belief that, when it comes to saving the environment, ‘if you aren’t part of the solution, you’re part of the problem.’Additionally many of these homes use wind or solar power. They are designed to collect and recycle water, and the people who live in them often add a greenhouse in which to grow food. As a result, if you live in an earthship, your monthly living costs will d  85   to almost zero. For people who want to try one out, the Phoenix Earthship in the US is available as holiday accommodation(住宿).Shipping containers are now being reused to make a  86   type of environmentally friendly home. A number of architects have started changing individual containers into holiday homes. Alternatively they can be combined to make office blocks and blocks of flats, such as those Container City in London, England.With all of the examples of imaginative homes, it is clear that people no longer need to settle for ordinary living spaces. One thing is sure: people living in homes that look as s  87   as these never have to give anyone their address. They can just say, ‘Look for the weird house. You will know it when you see it.’ 强化练习：(基础篇)2018年普陀区二模C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分)When children play games, they don’t need a referee(裁判). They have their own rules in playing games. They seldom find it necessary to keep scores because they don’t worry about who wins or loses. They even don’t c     81     if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their a    82     are not so important. They also enjoy games that move in stages in which they choose leaders and pick up sides. Grown-ups r    83    find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for some important r    84    . He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a u     85     partner to someone who is more popular in real life. When it is his turn to be the leader, everyone follows his orders. This makes him feel more c    86    .It seems that when children play a game, they i     87      a situation under their control. Unlike real life, in this situation they make the rules themselves, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win. (2)2018年虹口区二模C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)  (14分)                           The rise of the Emoji(表情符号)Happy, angry, amazed－these are some of the emotions we like to express these days when we’re sending a message on our mobile phones. We’re also using them as a quick way of telling someone how we’re f________(81). Yes, emojis have become a very important tool for communication.Let’s clear one thing up first－there are emojis and emoticons. The latter are little images which are made using normal keys on a keyboard. For example, a colon(冒号), two dots, followed by a close bracket(右括号) is a “smiley face”. But as technology has improved, many images have been created and they can be simply a________(82) to your messages, which is great!The emoji was first invented in Japan in the late 1990s and the word “emoji” comes from the Japanese words for “picture” and “character”. The number of different images has greatly i________(83) since then. Now we have a picture of every mood or situation. Another a________(84) of emojis is that they are an international language－they don’t use word but tell a message in pictorial form so they can be e________(85) translated whatever your native language is. However, the emojis you send need some thought as they can sometimes be misunderstood. If a friend sends you an emoji of a hammer(锤), you may think he is angry when really he is s________(86) he has hurt!But as Linguist Neil Cohn says, “To many, emojis are an exciting development of the way we communicate; to others, they are linguistic decline(语言的衰退).” It shows there is a lot more to our communication than words a________(87), but does this mean the decline in traditional writing? (3)2018年长宁区二模C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给) (14分) I rely a lot on my phone to help me when I study in America. Here are some of the most useful apps I have used but never paid for!     Calendar     All phones come with an inbuilt calendar app. I’ve found myself using the app quite a lot recently. It is important to know your date when p   81    a weekend away. It is also comforting to check the app when I’m feeling homesick –it helps to remind me that I will be home soon, so I should make the most of my time  a   82   .     Google Translate     It’s that moment when the word is on the tip of your tongue, but you just can’t r   83    it! Don’t worry; Google Translate can lend you a hand! Just make sure you double-check if you are translating longer texts, as the software does make some very humorous m   84   !     Gmail     Personally, I really like the Gmail app because it automatically puts emails, based on different items,  into different categories. The important mail goes straight to my inbox (信箱), while l   85    important mail is put into other categories.     Headspace     After an exhausting day of work, I needed a way to help calm and focus my mind. This is how I found Headspace. Sign up for free to try some easy meditations (冥想) – they only take ten minutes. I’ve found them a great way to relax a   86    a stressful day.     Trip Advisor When exploring a new town, it’s good to know the best places to eat and the most interesting attractions to see. I always turn to Trip Advisor for information. Here, you can find hotels, restaurants and attractions which are l   87    together with other visitors’ ratings (等级) and comments. It makes it a lot easier to choose a good hotel. (4)2018年黄浦区二模C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）:（14分）Grades are important, but they are not the only measure.I have come to understand that exam grades are not the only purpose of schools, and grades a  81   are not enough. Studies show that some of the high-flying students have troubled lives, finding it difficult to get good jobs or become great parents or partners. A  82   graduation, students come to realize what they have learned at school has not really prepared them for the next step.Increasingly, teachers are getting to know the idea of “learning from our failures.” If you’ve never failed at anything, you’ve certainly never t  83   anything new. Exam grades are important and we encourage all students to aim high and to do well. But they don’t m  84  success.I once asked my students to consider the chef Gordon Ramsay, and how he became so successful. They were surprised to find that he didn’t have a good performance at school and he didn’t s  85   become a great chef. In an interview, he explained that he worked long hours for very little money, learning everything he could. He took chances even if they seemed i  86  . He made mistakes but he cheered himself up and moved forward. His success didn’t come from grades, it came from his character: courage, effort and confidence. We should develop social skills through the whole school as an important p  87   of learning. This is why there is a focus on performance, sport and other activities. These life skills will work hand-in-hand with knowledge to enable students to do well in their future life.   小结：       课后作业：   (提高篇)2020杨浦一模C. Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）A rare experienceImagine the situation. You’re walking down the crowded high street and s___56___  a complete stranger stops you and says, “Hi! You were on the beach in the south of Spain six years ago. How are you doing?” This stranger isn’t necessarily m ___57___ . He or she might be a “super - recogniser”. These are people who have the unusual ability to recognise people they have seen only once -- a long time ago, maybe in a crowed.Whatever the differences in looksIt doesn’t matter what the person looks like now. People change, get different hair styles, dye their hair or go grey. Wrinkles, new glasses and makeups give them new a___58___ , but the “super - recognisers” can still recognise them.An inborn skillAlthough scientists have known for a long time that about 2% of people suffer from face - blindness, which means that they have huge problems recognising faces, they are only new realising that some people are the exact o ___59___ .Tests have shown that a “super - recogniser” can identify people that they only saw for a brief moment --  and this is not an ability that we can d____60____  , it’s something we are born with.A great h  ___61___The police are starting to use “super - recognisers” to spot criminal faces in videos of crowds. They look for people with a specific build and facial features like beards and moustaches but they can even recognise quite o___62___people, with no noticeable features at all. As well as surprising our holidaymaker in Spain six years later, this ability can be used for a very practical purpose indeed. 2020闵行一模Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）I don’t believe it! It’s 11p.m. and I’m still sitting here writing this article for the school magazine !I’ve had two weeks to write it and my teacher wants it tomorrow . She’s always c____56____ that I leave things to the last minute. Maybe she’s right. A month ago, I made up my mind to be more efficient this year and not to leave thing to the last minute. But I’ve failed. I’ve also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now. I’ve started going to the gym. I’ve taken up karate lessons and I’ve changed my diet. I’ve even been going to bed earlier. But I’m not feeling any fitter. I felt just a little u____57____. I miss my bad habits. Why is leading a better life so hard?I’ve just read an article on a website and I’ve found out that it isn’t my fault! In fact, it isn’t anyone’s fault! It’s our brains. They’re programmed, therefore, it is difficult to break bad habits. There’s nothing we can do . Scientists have done experiments that show we use one part of our brain when we think about o____58____and another when we think about other people. However, when we think about the ‘future us’, we use the part of the brain that we usually use to think about other people. In other words, the brain sees the ‘future you’ as a different person to your ‘present you ’. And that’s why we don’t always find it easy to make sensible d____59____ in the future when we face difficulties.But that’s not all. Scientists have also found out that it takes around ten weeks to form a good habit. For example , if I want to keep fit, it’s going to take me ten weeks to go to the gym and then it will become an automatic part of my life. That’s because ten weeks is the amount of time the brain needs to change and a____60____new ways of behavior as a part of everyday life. The good news is that once you make it to ten weeks, everything becomes much easier. The bad news is that ten weeks is a really long time, so it’s easy to give up on （打消）your good plan s_____61_____So there you are. Maybe we want to change our ways and become better people but our brains won’t let us . or is this just an e____62____? Look! I’ve finished my article on time. Anything is possible! 2020徐汇一模Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):If you have ever had trouble doing things you should do or would like to do, you have experienced procrastination(拖延症). When you procrastinate, instead of working on important meaningful tasks, you find yourself performing meaningless activities.If you are a procrastinator, perhaps you spend lots of time watching TV, playing video games, checking Facebook, eating, cleaning or walking back and forth through the room. Afterwards, you feel powerless and have the f___56___ of guilt and trouble. Once again, you end up doing nothing. Sound familiar? L___57___ people don’t do anything and are just fine with it. Procrastinators, however, want to actually do something but can’t force themselves to s___58___. Another fact about procrastination is that it is d___59___ from relaxation. Relaxing recharges you with energy. But procrastination makes you not energetic. The less energy you have, the greater the chances of you putting off your responsibilities, and, once more, you will achieve nothing. My dad always used to say, “Peter, you need to learn how to give yourself orders.” I would always answer, “I tell myself what to do, I just don’t listen.”Most likely, failure of the ability to listen to o___60___ is the main reason. The scientific name of this ability is self-regulation. Self-regulation is the ability to actively control your emotions. The more developed this ability is, the more often you will do what you tell yourself to do. Good news is it is possible to have self-regulation by t___61___. You need to begin by setting the bar as low as possible. Creating habits isn’t about quantity; it’s about small steps and regular repetition.Once you learn a new habit, you can exercise your willpower muscle(肌肉). As you s___62___ raise the bar, your willpower will gain strength day by day. Gradual changes are more pleasant than sudden, great changes. Therefore bigger success can be made.