2021年上海市中考英语冲刺专题讲义-宾语从句&状语从句 (教师版+学生版)

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英语学科讲义

中考冲刺讲义：宾语从句&状语从句


知识典例

宾语从句
一、结构：
主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句

二、宾语从句种类
Ø a. 由that引导的宾语从句，that无任何意义，可以省略。
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.
注意：
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的
从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam.

Ø b. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导
I want to know if /Whether you still work in the factory.
He asks if /Whether we will go to visit the museum next week.
注意：
一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

Ø c. 由疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问代词或疑问副词有意义，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when,
where, how, why）引导
Do you know when we are going to Beijing?
He wants to know who lives in this room.
I wonder what he is doing now.
I am really surprised at why he said so.
注意：
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .
Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?
Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan ?

三、宾语从句语序
　宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
　Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
　Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
注意:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及疑问词做主语(常用：which, who)作主语时，语序不变：
What’s wrong?/What’s the matter?/What’s happening?/What’s the proble?/What’s the trouble?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter./Can you tell me who is over there?

四、宾语从句时态
Ø 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定。
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Ø 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行
时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. ( √)
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. ( √)
I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
注意：
Ø 当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
Ø Could you.......?引导的宾语从句时态不用过去时，根据主句来决定时态。could是委婉语气。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

五、宾语从句和状语从句的区别
Ø I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
→状语从句，表示“条件”，修饰主句，意为：如果。
Ø I don’t know if the train has arrived.
→宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，意为：是否。

判断方法：
1、从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词
义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……
的时候”。
3．从时态看。
if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，一般遵从“主将从现”的用法。
They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend.(宾语从句)
We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(状语从句)
=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
Could you tell me when（什么时候）the train arrives ? (宾语从句)
Every thing is coming to life when（当……时候）spring comes.(状语从句)

六、宾语从句中的从句简化（难点）
在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station?

按照要求完成下列题目：
1.考查时态一致性
( ) 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3. The students want to know whether they___ dictation(背诵) today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. have
( ) 4. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled

2.考查连接词
1.He said, “You are younger than I”.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He said_________ I_________ younger than him.
2."Will they go to visit the Great Wall?" he asked.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He asked _________they_________ go to visit the Great Wall.
3.He asked me, “Why are you late for school?”（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He asked me _________ _________ was late for school.

3.考查陈述句语序
( ) 1. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when they would leave Beijing
( ) 2.Please tell me ______ last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

4. 考查.If/when 的区别
1. If it _______(rain) tomorrow，I won’t come.
2. He didn’t tell me if it _________(rain) tomorrow.
3. I don’t know if he __________(come) tomorrow. If he______ (come), I’ll tell you.
4. When it ________ (stop) raining, we’ll go swimming.
5. Could you tell me when the film ____________(start)? I’ll leave for a moment.
Keys:
1. 1-5 ADCBC
2. 1.that,was 2.if (whether) ,would 3.why I
3. 1-5 CDBAA
4. 1. rains 2.would rain 3.will come, comes 4.stops 5.will start


状语从句
一、分类
从句类型
从属连词
时间
when，while, before, after, as(当…时），since(自从），as soon as，not...until
条件
if，unless,as long as
原因
because，since (既然），as (由于），now that
目的
so that (为了），in order that
结果
so ... that… (如此……以至于）such...that.....,so that(结果是)
让步
though, although,even though,even if
比较
than, as ... as , not as/so ... as ...

二、句法功能：

★时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）
时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：
when(当……的时候)；while（当……的时候） as(当……的时候) ；since(自从 ……)
till/ until（一直到……； 否定：not…until 直到……才）；by the time(到……时)
as soon as（一……就）；before(在……前) after(在……后)




It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.
While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.
After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

Ø 易混引导词while, when的区别：
　　when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用（=while）。
While表示时间段,因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
练习：用while或when填空
1. Please don't talk so loud ______ others are working.
2. ______ he came in, his mother was cooking.
3. ______ we were at school, we went to the library every day.

Ø 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习：
1. I’ll ring you up as soon as I ______（get） to New York.
2. I will tell him everything when he ______ (come) back.
3. He won’t believe it until he ______ (see) it with his own eyes.
结论: 主将从现的原则

Ø 在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
例如：（注意粗体单词）
1. The young man read till the light went out.
2. Let’s wait until the rain stops.
3. We won’t start until Bob comes.
4. Don’t get off until the bus stops.

★条件状语从句
（主句用将来时从句用现在时）
1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：
What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习：
1. I’ll help you with your English if I ______(be) free tomorrow.
2. He ______(not) be late unless he is ill.

3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：
Hurry up, or （其中文意思是什么）you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
Study hard and you will pass the exam.
=If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句型，可以
类比讲解。

★原因状语从句
1)原因状语从句通常由because, since（因为）, as（因为）引导。例如：
He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
2) because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why
提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
------Why aren’t going there?
------Because I don’t want to.
As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。

★结果状语从句
1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。
练习：
1. He is ______ poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
A.so B. such C. much D .too
2. She is ______good teacher that everybody likes her.
A .such a B. so a C. a so D .a such

2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:
“...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
例如：
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.

在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，
也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定
冠词a或an。例如：
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）
(1)It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
A so wonderful a film B so a wonderful film
(2)It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
A so an important match B an so important match C so important a match
(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
练习：
1.Soon there were ______ many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
A so B such C much

总结：
① so +形容词或者副词+that…
② such +(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词 + that
③ such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数
= so+形容词 +a/an +可数名词单数
④so + little/ many/much/ few +名词










★比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如：
Tom runs faster than John does.
This classroom is as big as that one.
批注：这里需要强调两个as后面接的词性是不同的，且第一个as后面接的必须是形容词和副词
的原级，这是考试的重点；与此不同的是，than前面必须是形容词和副词的比较级形式。

★目的状语从句
1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.
We used the computer in order that we might save time.

2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：
目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。
从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)
批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的目的不可能是为了休
息，不符合正常的逻辑。

★让步状语从句
1)让步状语从句通常由although, though，even though，even if，no matter，however等连词引导。
1.Though he is young, he knows a lot.
2. Although／Though／Even though／Even if you don’t like him you can still be polite．
尽管／即使／纵然／即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。
3. No matter what you do(Whatever your do)，don’t touch this switch．
无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。
4. However rich people are(=No matter how rich people are )，they always seem anxious to make more money．
无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。
5. However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventually．
无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。
6. Whatever you do，don’t tell him that I told you this．
无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。

2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：
我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out. 或 It was raining hard, but he still went out.
批注：这是英语和汉语说话习惯不同的地方，需要重点讲解。另外，可以类比地讲解“因为和所
以不能出现在同一个句子中”。

★地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：
Go where you like./Where there is a will, there is a way.
批注：这属于比较难的知识点，学生理解即可。
强化练习
2018-2020二模卷分类汇编
宾语从句汇编
I.Choose the best answer.选择填空。
1. These animals are in danger. We should think ________ to protect them.
A. what can we do B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do
2. Could you tell me______?
A. where is the headmaster B. whose camera it is
C. what Jack was happened D. how long does it take you to the aquarium
3. I don’t know ______ Apple iphone4s.
A. that she is so crazy about B. what is she so crazy about学科王
C. why she is so crazy about D. how she is so crazy about科王
4. I wonder________ on April 23, World Book Day. Did you find some interesting books to read?
A. what did you do B. what you did C. what do you do D. what you do学科
5.- What did the teacher say to you just now?
- She asked ______.
A. where did I learn English B. where I learned English
B. where do I learn English D. where I learn English
6. —Can you guess ______ the new schoolbag yesterday?
—Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A. how much did he pay for B. how much he spent
C. how much he paid for D. how much did he spend
7. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ________ our school sports meeting tomorrow?　　
—I think she will come to school if she _________ free.　　
A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is
C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be
8. The policeman asked the small girl __________
A. why she was crying B. why was she crying
C. why she is crying D. why is she crying
9. Could you tell me ______ after this exam ?
A. what you did B. what did you do C. what will you do D. what you will do
10. He said that light ______much faster than sound.
A. has travelled B. went C. travels D.travelled
11. Could you tell me ________ find another interesting detective story to read?
A) where I can B) where can I C) where I could D) where could I
12. Could you tell me ________ late for the meeting yesterday?
A. why were you B. why you were C. why are you D. why you are
13. Mr. King doesn't know what time ________ back home yesterday evening.
A. does his son come B. his son comes C. did his son come D. his son came
14. A: Show me the map, please. I wonder ________.
B: Look, it’s here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.
A.where is Diaoyu Island B. where is Diaoyu Island located
C. where does Diaoyu Island lie D.where Diaoyu Island is located
15. I don't know________ the day after tomorrow．
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
Keys:1-5BBCBB 6-10CCADC 11-15ABDDD
II. Rewrite the following sentences as required.
1. He asked: “ How can I get to the Bund?” (改为间接引语)
He asked___________ he __________ get to the Bund.
2. Mrs. Lin asked me “Have you finished drawing the picture?” (合并为一句)
Mrs. Lin asked me ________ I ________ finished drawing the picture.
3. When will we take an English exam? We wanted to know. (改为宾语从句)
We wanted to know we take an English exam.
4. “Can you help me repair the bike?” Mary asked Jack. (改为宾语从句)
Mary asked Jack _____________he _____________ help her repair the bike.
5.“Do you always catch such an early train?” The policeman asked the man.（合并为一句）
The policeman asked the man ________ he always ________ such an early train.
6. Frank asked me, "Have you ever created a comic strip?" (改为宾语从句)
Frank asked me whether ________ ________ ever created a comic strip.
7. “Mum, was the telephone invented by Bell?” the girl asked. (改为宾语从句)
The girl asked her mum ________ the telephone ________ invented by Bell.
8. I wondered. Will Jack recognize me after such a long time? (合并两句)
I wondered ________ Jack ________ recognize me after such a long time.
9. When are we going to visit the museum? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)
Do you know when _______ _______ going to visit the museum?
10. “What are you doing?” My teacher asked us .（合并为一句）
My teacher asked us what ________ ________doing.
11. We haven't decided where will hold the meeting.（改为简单句）
We haven't decided ________ ________ hold the meeting.
12. Diana is thinking about what she can do to solve the serious problem.（改为简单句）
Diana is thinking about ________ ________ do to solve the serious problem.
13. When will they come back? The readers always asked. (改为宾语从句）
The readers always asked _______ they________ come back.
14. “What kind of stories have you read these years?” Bob asked me.（改为宾语从句）
Bob asked me _________ kind of stories I _________ read these years.
15. “How did the ancient people build that stone bridge?” asks Tom. （改为间接引语）
Tom wants to know _________ the ancient people _________ that stone bridge.
16. "Roddy, do you enjoy working as an extra?" asked the journalist,（改为间接引语）
The journalist asked Roddy_________ _________enjoyed working as an extra.
17. Did Bob catch the plane last weekend? Could you tell me?（改为含宾语从句的主从复合句）
Could you tell me_______Bob _______the plane last weekend?
18. ‘How have they managed to get everything finished so quickly?’ Mike wondered.（改为宾语从句）
Mike wondered _________ they _________ managed to get everything finished so quickly.
19. “What will we have for dinner?” Nina asked her mother.（改为间接引语）
Nina asked her mother _________ they _________ have for dinner.
20. John asked his teacher Sandy, “What do you think of our suggestions to the school?（改为宾语从句）
John asked his teacher Sandy __________ she __________ of their suggestions to the school.

Keys: 1.how could 2.whether had 3.when would 4.whether could 5.whether caught
6.I had 7.whether was 8.whether would 9.we are 10.we were 11. where to 12. what to
13. when would 14. what ,had 15. how, built 16. whether/if, he 17. whether/if; caught
18. how ,had 19. what , would 20. what thought


状语从句汇编
I. 单项选择
1.Fresh water is ______ precious ______ it is sometimes called liquid gold.
A. such…that B. too…to C. as…as D. so…that
2. Peter knew the solution to the maths problem, _____ he was too shy to answer it.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
3.Please practice playing the violin regularly, ______ you will improve your skills.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
4. Do you still want to go camping in such cold weather ____ have you changed your mind?
A. and B. or C. but D. so
5.Jerry lost his way in the field, ________ the ground was covered with thick snow.
A. or B. for C. but D. so
6. _______ most of the earth’s surface is covered with water, fresh water is very rare and precious.
A. Since B. While C. Because D. Although
7. We will achieve good marks _____ we keep working hard.
A.even if B. so that C. as long as D. instead of
8. Jimmy set out early for the airport, ______ he wouldn’t catch the plane.
A. and B. then C. so D. or
9. I’m going to buy my mum a blouse ______ I can think of a better idea for a present.
A. because B. after C. until D. unless
10. Mom hated the latest action movie, ______dad thought it was a good one.
A. so B. and C. or D. but
11. The Trojan War continued for several hours _____ darkness came.
A. as soon as B. if C. since D. until
12. My mother has little interest in football ________ she didn’t watch the live match on TV yesterday
evening.
A. so B. if C. though D. when
13. You’ll not make any progress________you get rid of your bad habit of study.
A. because B. after C.if D. unless
14. The British swimmer received a lot of cheers from the audience _____ he lost the race.
A. as soon as B. though C. until D.before
15.Betty didn’t notice the mistake she made at all _______she read the article again carefully.
A. after B. when C. as soon as D. until
16. At school, we are taught______ knowledge_______ how to behave well.
A) neither; nor B)either; or C)not only; but also D)not; but
17.Work really hard, ______you can realize your dream of becoming a pilot.
A. but B. so C. or D. and
18.The Italian woman didn’t feel a culture shock________it was her first time to Shanghai.
A) though B) since C)if D)when 
19.Your mother will be happier________you can help with the housework when you have time.
A. if B. until C. where D. unless
20. I don't feel lonely_______I make an effort to make friends with people.
A. while B. because C. before D. unless
Keys:1-5 DCABB 6-10 DCDDD 11-15 DADBD 16-20 CDAAB

II. 句型转换
1. We’d better set out early so that we won’t hurry on the way.（保持句意基本不变）
We’d better set our early _________ _________ not to hurry on the way.
2. Be strict with yourself or you will fall behind.（保持句意基本不变）
You will fall behind ________ you ________ strict with yourself.
3. Protecting ourselves is important. So is protecting the medical workers. (保持句意不变）
Protecting the medical workers is just ______ important ______ protecting ourselves.
4. The girl felt so lucky that she could get a chance to interview the scientist.（改为简单句）
The girl felt _________ _________ to get a change to interview the scientist.
5. Alex was proud of his father. He wrote many articles about him. （合并成一句）
Alex was _________ proud of his father _________ he wrote many articles about him.
6. The night was cold. We had to put a camping blanket around us.（保持句意基本不变）
The night was _________cold _________we had to put a camping blanket around us.
7. Lucy was very angry. She didn’t know what to say. (两句合并为一句)
Lucy was_________ angry________ she didn't know what to say.
8. We don t allow fireworks here in order to prevent air pollution and fires.（保持句意基本不变）
We don't allow fireworks here_______ _______we can prevent air pollution and fires.
9. You cannot watch TV tonight unless you have done your homework. (保持句意基本不变)
You cannot watch TV tonight _________ you _________ done your homework.
10. Jack ran so fast that he caught the early train to the city. (保持句意基本不变)
Jack ran _____ _____ to catch the early train to the city
11. I don’t think Peter looks as healthy as his brother. （保持句意基本不变）
I think Peter’s brother looks _______ _______ Peter.
12. The superstar is very kind. He helps poor villages to set up schools. (保持句意基本不变)
The superstar is ______ kind ______ he helps poor villages to set up schools.
13. The waiter stopped explaining the menu after all of us understood it. (保持句意基本不变)
The waiter stop explaining the menu all of us understood it.
14. Jane cleaned out her house. She could have a party inside.（合并为一句）
Jane cleaned out her house ________ ________ she could have a party inside.
15. He went to the summer camp in order to improve his language. (保持句意不变)
He went to the summer camp __________ __________ he could improve his language.

KEYS：
1. in order/ so as 2. unless are / if aren't 3. as as 4. lucky enough 5. so, that 6. so ,that
7. so that 8. so that 9. if haven’t 10. fast enough 11. healthier than 12. so…that… 13. didn’t until
14.so that 15. so that


翻转总结

1. “主过从过”是什么意思？

2. so...that..和so that的区别是什么？它们的同义转换有哪些？


巩固提升
2020青浦二模
B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage （选择最恰当的选项完成短文）
Studies prove that there are many differences between people who own kittens and those who own puppies.
1. Cat lovers are not afraid to be alone.
Wonder why so many __75__ girls own cats? Cat people love to spend time and live alone. They prefer to stay at home rather than party all night long. Dog lovers, __76__, enjoy the company and they have trouble living alone.
2. Dog lovers seek companionship（伙伴关系）
Many people adopt or buy dogs. One of the __77__ is that they look for long-term companionship. Dogs love the company and tend to spend more time with people than just sleep the whole day on the couch. Dog owners are the same. My friend, who is a big dog lover, says, “The best thing about owning a dog is companionship: When I come home, my puppy comes to __78__ me as if he has not seen me for ages.”
3. Cat lovers tend to ignore rules
Dogs are more obedient than cats. While it is extremely hard to make a cat to walk with you in the park or teach them to sit or lie down when needed, dogs do those things easily. The same goes for dog lovers - they __79__ the rules and obey when needed. Cat people often ignore the rules they do not like.
4. Cat lovers are more __80__
Cats lovers do not bother about a single life. They have enough strength to survive the hard times all alone and deal with any problem without any help. Without someone else’s help. Dog people have trouble solving their problems.
75. A. lovely B. likely C. lonely D. friendly
76. A. indeed B. instead C. in fact D. for example
77. A. reasons B. secrets C. results D. choices
78. A. notice B. catch C. greet D. cheer
79. A. follow B. explain C. protect D. break
80. A. responsible B. powerful C. confident D. independent

C. Fill in the blanks with proper words （在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
A Welcoming Way to Show China to the World
Modern life is not easy and full of stress. It will be nicer to get away from all the noise and congestion（拥挤）and live a simpler life in the countryside. This is what popular vlogger（网络视频录制者）Li Ziqi did.
Li was raised on a farm by her grandparents, but at the age of 14 she left the farm to work in the city. However, she found that city life was d__81__ and decided to move back to the countryside. “When I worked in the city, it was only about survival,” she said, “In the countryside, I am t___82__ living.”
When Li was back, she began making videos about her daily life and posting them to the Internet. She now has more than 20 million followers on Sina Weibo and over 7.5 million subscribers on YouTube. Her fans admire the way she makes e__83__ by herself: growing food and preparing traditional Chinese dishes, cutting down bamboo and making furniture, dyeing（染色）cloth and making her own clothes. The videos are beautifully made, but Li says she hopes her videos an provide people with e__84__ as well as fun. “I want people in the city to know where their food comes from. Some children b__85__ rice grows on trees!”
The idyllic（田园诗般的）countryside life Li shows has the magical power of making people feel comfortable and relaxed. When we talk about Chinese culture, the first things that come to many people might be bullet trains. 5G technology and fast-developing cities. However, it is actually the more traditional side of China that is much more a__86__ to people from other cultures. Through her videos. Li lets the world know that Chinese people are good at making works of a__87__ out of even the simplest materials -- this is definitely a way to show China to the world.
B. 75. C 76. B 77. A 78. C 79. A 80. D
C. 81. difficult 82. truly 83. everything 84. education 85. believe 86. attractive 87. art