【尖子生暑假拔高】初中英语专题讲义：2冠词（教师版+学生版）

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课程主题：2冠词
学习目标
1．掌握不定冠词a/an和定冠词的基本用法。
2．了解在哪些情况下不用冠词。
一、定冠词
1．定冠词the的用法
1)定冠词the用在单数或复数名词前，特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，往往有限制性定语修饰。如：
(1) Here is the bk yu want．这就是你要的那本书。
(2) Did yu hear the talk given by Prfessr Li? 你听了李教授作的报告吗？
2)用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前。如：
(3) Lk at the blackbard，please．请看黑板。
(4) - Where's the ftball? 足球在哪儿？
- It's under the chair．在椅子下面。
3)指上文已提到的人或事物。如：
(5)I bught a dictinary yesterday. The dictinary is nw n my bkshelf,
我昨天买了本词典，那词典现在在我的书架上。
4)指世界上独一无二的事物。如：
(6) The earth mves arund the sun．地球绕着太阳转。
(7) We have friends all ver the wrld．我们的朋友遍天下。
5)用在方位名词、序数词和形容词最高级前面。如：
(8) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west太阳从东边升起，西边落下。
(9) Our mnitr is always the first t cme and the last t leave.
我们班长总是第一个来，最后一个走。
(10) This is ne f the mst interesting nvels I've ever read
这是我看过的最有趣的小说之一。
6)用在单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物。如：
(11) The bike is very useful.自行车很有用。
7)和某些形容词连用表示一类人。如：
the rich富人 the pr穷人 the sick病人
the wunded伤病员 the ld老人 the yung年轻人
the blind盲人 the deaf聋于 the dead死者
the living生者 the explited被剥削者 the ppressed被压迫者
the unemplyed失业者
8)用在专有名词前。如：
A)在江河、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前
the Yellw River黄河 the Ural Muntains乌拉尔山脉
the Yangtze River长江 the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉
the English Channel英吉利海峡 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
the British Isles不列颠群岛 the Philippines菲律宾群岛
the West Lake西湖 the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡
B)用在含有普通名词的专有名词前
the Peple's Republic f China中华人民共和国 the United Natins联合国
the Great Hall f the Peple人民大会堂 the White Huse白宫
the Ministry f Educatin教育部 the Capital Theatre首都剧场
C)用在姓氏的复数形式前表示全家人
(12) The Greens will visit China．格林一家将访问中国。
(13) The Wangs have mved t Beijing．王家已搬到北京。
9）用在乐器名称前。
（14）She plays the pian every day.她每天弹钢琴。
10)用在某些固定搭配中。如：
in the mrning/afternn/evening在早晨／下午／晚上
n the ne hand…n the ther hand…一方面……另一方面……
in the end最后；终于 n the left/right在左边／右边
in the daytime茌白天 in the middle在中间
by the way顺便说一下 the day befre yesterday前天
例1．Christine is selling her huse, but n ther hand she desn't want t mve.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
例2． singer ver there is very ppular. She has lts f fans frm hme and abrad.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. /
【答案】C
例3． elderly man ver there is university prfessr.
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】C
例4．The main purpse f internatinal laws f war is t prtect inncent.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
例5．It's cmmn sense that everyne shuld respect and take care f ld.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
例6．Thank yu very much. I really like scarf yu gave me yesterday. It lks very nice.
A. a
B. the
C. /
D. an
【答案】B
例7．D yu think AI will take place f humans in the future?.
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. /
【答案】A
例8．We shuld give blind a hand when they crss the busy crssing rad.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
【答案】D
例9．Linda tk ut a ntebk frm her bag. ntebk was very ld but very beautiful.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. /
【解答】本题考查定冠词the的用法。第一次提到一个物品用a,第二次再提到这个物品就用the来表示,因此本题选择C。
【答案】C
例10．The gvernment is trying t take actin t help pr all ver the cuntry.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
【巩固练习】
1．D yu knw abut elderly man in a blue T-shirt?
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. /
【答案】A
2．In the past, desktp cmputers were same size f televisins.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
3．We have t share the kitchen fr time being.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
4．Culd yu please pass me dictinary n the table?
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
5．What d yu think f result f yur prject?
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
6．Nbdy at the party culd recgnize man in a blue jacket except me.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
7．We shuld help develp the educatin in west part f ur cuntry.
A. a
B. /
C. the
D. an
【答案】C
8．The fisherman's wife said she wanted t be mayr f the city.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
9．Grace tld us a funny stry, but she frgt ending herself.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
10． Elderly man ver there is interested in paper-cutting.
A. A
B. An
C. The
D. /
【答案】C
二、零冠词
1．在以下情况下常不用冠词
1)在专有名词、抽象名词和物质名词前。如：
(1) China lies in the east f Asia．中国位于亚洲的东部。
(2) Knwledge begins with practice．知识从实践开始。
(3) Water bils at 100℃. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。
2)在一类人或事物的复数名词前，或不可数名词前表示泛指时。如：
(4) Hrses run fast．马跑得快。
(5) Water is changed int steam by heat and int ice by cld. 水受热变成蒸汽，遇冷变成冰。
3)在表示季节、月份、星期、节日、学科等名词前。如：
(6) If winter cmes，can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
(7) September l0th is Teachers' Day．九月十日是教师节。
(8) We have n classes n Sunday. 星期天不上课。
(9) What's this in English? 这个用英语怎么说？
4)称呼语或表汞头衔、职务的名词前。如：
(10) What are yu ding，Dad? 爸爸，你在干什么？
(11) We chse him mnitr f the class．我们选他当班长。
(12) The guards tk the American t General Hwe, cmmander f the British frces.
士兵们把这个美国人送到英军司令豪将军那里。
5)在三餐、球类、棋类运动名词前。如：
(13) He ften ges t schl withut breakfast.他经常不吃早饭去上学。
(14) Many students like t play table tennis．许多学生喜欢打乒乓球二
(15) They are playing chess ver there．他们正在那边下棋。
6)在名词前已有作定语的指示代词或物主代词所修饰。如：
(16)I think the shp is clsed at this time f day.我想商店这时候已关门了。
(17) Is it in yur pcket? 它在你口袋里吗？
7)在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。
（18）N.25 Middle Schl
8)用在某些固定搭配中。如：
g t schl上学 g t cllege上大学 n ft步行
g t bed去睡觉 g t hspital去看病 at table吃饭
at hme在家 in class在课堂上 ut f class课外
in fact事实上 at schl在学校 g t twn进城
learn... by heart熟记 frm dr t dr挨家挨户 frm mrning till night从早到晚
by bus/train/car/plane乘公共汽车／火车／轿车／飞机
at nn/night/dawn／mid night在中午／晚上／黎明／半夜
注意：
(1)表示某一类人或事物，有三种表达法。如：
A camel is a very useful animal.
The camel is a very useful animal.
Camels are very useful animals.
骝驼是一种很有用的动物。
(2)在某些短语中，冠词使用不同，意思大相径庭；
take a chair就座 take a rest休息
take the chair主持开会 take (ne's) rest就寝
in frnt f在……前面 keep huse管理家务
in the frnt f在……前部 keep the huse待在家里
in a way在某种程度上 in a family way不拘礼节
in the way挡路，碍事 in the family way怀孕
take place发生 a mst beautiful park非常美丽的公园
take the place f代替 the mst beautiful park最美丽的公园
ut f questin毫无疑问 He was sent t hspital．他被送往医院就医。
ut f the questin不可能的 He wrks in the hspital.他在那所医院里工作。
We were at table when he came in．他进来时，我们正在吃饭。
She sat at the table reading.她坐在桌边读书。
例1．We gt here an hur ag．
A. since
B. /
C. fr
D. in
【解答】答案：B．考查冠词．A自从，通常用于现在完成时态．C为了．D在…里．由an hur ag一小时前，可知，时间前通常不用冠词．选B。
【答案】B
例2．I think it's really hard wrk fr me t finish the jb in twenty minutes．
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. 不填
【解答】答案：D 根据hard wrk可知，wrk是抽象名词，为不可数名词，且不可数名词前不加任何冠词，所以此处为零冠词．故选D。
【答案】D
例3．My sister is gd at playing vlleyball.
A. an
B. the
C. a
D. /
【解答】本题考查零冠词的用法。三餐、球类、棋类、及假日的短语里，使用零冠词，是固定用法。
【答案】D
例4．Please take the precius glass there with great care. I dn't want it t be brken.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
例5．-What wuld yu like fr breakfast，Mr．Smith？
-Three pieces f bread and cup f black tea，please．
A. a；a
B. /；the
C. a；the
D. /；a
【解答】答案：D根据冠词的用法，一日三餐前使用零冠词/，另外冠词a 表示泛指，且有一…的含义，一杯用a cup f，用a，所以选D。
【答案】D
例6．I can't g t sleep withut ding a few minutes' reading.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
例7．The night scene f the Bund f Shanghai is beautiful and attractive n night f Natinal Day.
A. a,the
B. /,the
C. the,/
D. the,a
【答案】C
例8．I have useful bk．It is abut hw t play basketball．
A. an. /
B. a. /
C. an. the
【解答】答案：B 根据空格后useful bk，useful的音标是['jusfl]，是以辅音音素开头的，表示一个，一本时用a，play与球类连用时不能加定冠词，故选B。
【答案】B
例9．It is dark utside nw. It's time t g t sleep.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
例10．Many students in my class have lunch at schl fr free.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
【答案】D
【巩固练习】
1．Sme girls get sick after they try s hard t lse weight.
A. a
B. the
C. /
D. an
【答案】C
2．Tmrrw is Teachers' Day and we'll make card fr ur teacher.
A. the; a
B. a; the
C. /; the
D. /; a
【解答】节日前不加the，为老师做卡片，make a card.
【答案】D
3．Lucy smetimes plays badmintn with her cusin at the weekend.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
【答案】D
4．My father will have dinner with Brwns in a restaurant this evening.
A. a,the
B. / the
C. a, /
D. / ,/
【答案】B
5．Playing basketball with my brther at weekends is ne f my favrites.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
【答案】C
6．(上海崇明县二模)We are ging t have a barbecue in the park n Sunday.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
7．Students in the ftball class usually play ftball when schl is ver.
A. the
B. /
C. a
D. an
【答案】B
8．Mst f students have watched the Wrld Cup 2018 at hme
A. /, the
B. the,/
C. the, the
D. /,/
【答案】D
9．This is my secnd visit t Beijing and I find there have been great changes here.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
10．My brther liked playing ftball and was n schl team.
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】B
三、不定冠词
1．不定冠诃a/an的用法
不定冠词用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”或“一个”。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如：a by，an apple，a questin，an idea，a useful bk, an umbrella,a hneydew, an hnest man。
1)第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词起介绍作用。如：
(1)-What's his jb? 他是干什么工作的？
- He is an engineer. 他是位工程师。
(2) There is a new dictinary n the desk. 课桌上右一本新词典。
2)泛指某一类人或事物中的一个。如：
(3)I saw an Indian elephant in the z yesterday.我昨天在动物园看到了一头印度象。
(4) She picked up a magazine and began t read．她拿起一本杂志，开始看起来。
(5)A hrse runs fast．马跑得快。
3)表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有ne强烈。如：
(6)I have a sister.我有一个妹妹。
I have nly ne sister．我只有一个妹妹。
(7) I'll be ready in a minute r tw．(=ne r tw minutes)我一两分钟就准备好。
(8) We have seven lessns a day．我们每天有七节课。
4)用在抽象名词前，使抽象名词具体化；用在某一个人名或地名前，将专有名词普通化。如：
(9) The by is a jy t his parents.这孩子给他父母带来乐趣。
(10)A Mr Wang is asking fr yu．有位王先生要见你。
5)表示“每一”，相当于every 如：
（11）I g t schl five days a week.我一周上五天课。
6)用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。如：
（12）I have three bks. I want t buy a furth ne.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。
7)用在某些固定搭配中。如：
a few 一些 a cup f/a glass f 一杯 a little/a bit 一点
a cuple f几个 a lt f许多 a piece f一片
a bttle f 一瓶 in a hurry匆忙 nce in a while偶尔
a kind f/a srt f 一种 nce upn a time从前 in a wrd简而言之
in a mment/after a while一会儿 put an end t结束 as a result结果是
have a gd time玩得愉快 as a whle总体上 at a distance隔开一点
have a rest休息一下 have a lk看一看 take a shwer淋浴
take a break休息一下 get a cld患感冒 take a bath洗澡
get a fever发烧 make a living谋生 in a mment过一会儿
例1．He is such a naughty by that he keeps making nise there.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】A
例2．The sldier came dwn the stairs three at time.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】A
例3．It takes me abut half hur t get t schl by undergrund.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【解答】B
【答案】B
例4．The teenagers had gd time in the summer camp in their sister schl.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【解答】考查冠词的用法。句意: 青少年们在他们姐妹学校的夏令营活动中玩得很开心。固定短语have a gd time意为“玩得开心”符合题意，故选A。
【答案】A
例5．Can yu suggest sme places where I can make ne-day trip frm Shanghai?
A. an
B. a
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
例6．There is ‘u’in wrd“Eurpe''.
A. an, a
B. an, the
C. a, the
D. an, a
【解答】字母u是辅音音素发音，特指Eurpe这个单词，故答案选C。
【答案】C
例7．There was apple tree behind my huse. tree was higher than huse.
A. a; The; a
B. an; A; a
C. a; The; the
D. an; The; the
【解答】D
【答案】D
例8．He wrte 800-wrd letter t his father, talking abut his life in Shanghai.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
例9．As the rain was nt stpping he went t buy umbrella in the nearest shp.
A. \
B. an
C. the
D. a
【答案】B
例10．-Have yu finished reading interesting stry?
-Yes. It is wrth reading secnd time.
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】A
【巩固练习】
1．The yung man sitting beside me is university student.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
【答案】A
2．It's cmmn knwledge that he has practical knwledge f cmputer science.
A. a, a
B. /,/
C. /,a
D. a,/
【答案】C
3．I always take my sn fr walk in the park after supper.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】A
4．My little neighbur likes playing trick n us.
A. the
B. /
C. a
D. an
【答案】C
5．A cmic strip is usually abut interesting stry with an unfrgettable end.
A. /
B. an
C. the
D. a
【答案】B
6．Lk! There is army n the square. They are standing in line.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
7．As landmark f Shanghai, Shanghai Disney Resrt attracts millins f visitrs every year.
A. the
B. an
C. a
D. /
【答案】C
8．It usually takes me hur t g t wrk by train.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
9．Learning music is imprtant way t becme cnfident.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
10．In rder t keep fit, Simn ges fr swim after wrk every day.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
【答案】B
课后巩固
1．31.Can I have lk at the pht f yur pen friend?
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
【答案】A
2．There is "r" in the wrd "surface", but yu missed it.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
3．Smething unusual happened in middle f the class.
A. a
B. /
C. the
D. an
【答案】C
4．Shanghai Disneyland will cver area f 1.5 square kilmeters.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
5．What are yu hping t d when yu leave schl?
A. the
B. /
C. a
D. an
【答案】B
6． man with black glasses is my hst father in Britain.
A. An
B. A
C. The
D. /
【答案】C
7．A: Which girl is yur cusin, Jessica? B: Oh, lk, that little girl in green.
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
【答案】C
8．New Year’s Eve is always nisiest night thrughut China.
A. a
B. the
C. an
D. /
【答案】B
9．The imprtant meeting which lasted fur days finally came t end.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
10．Damin is fisherman. He wrks with his crmrants every day.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】A
11．Are yu in favr f using an iPad in class?
A. a
B. an
C. /
D. the
【答案】C
12．The elderly businessman has managed t help pr in west China.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
13．31.This nvel can make yu laugh and cry at same time.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】C
14．Japan attacked Pearl Harbr (珍珠港) f the united States in December, 1941.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
【答案】A
15．It is great fun t play in Shanghai Disneyland.
A. the
B. a
C. an
D. /
【答案】D
16．It is cmmn knwledge that the light travels faster than sund.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
【答案】A
17．We usually g t schl n weekdays, and smetimes g t cinema at weekends.
A. /； the
B. the； the
C. the； /
D. /；/
【答案】A
18．It is a gd habit t g t bed early and get up early.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
19．What valuable advice it is!It will be f great value t me.
A. a ;the
B. /;/
C. /;the
D. a;/
【答案】B
20．Crmrant fishing is traditinal Chinese skill, prbably mre than a thusand years ld.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】A
21．Miss Lin is nw n diet. She has nly a cup f milk fr breakfast every day.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
22．Shirley is glad she'll take eight-day trip t Italy.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】B
23．Frank is nw n a diet because he wants t lse weight.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
24．Nw the headmaster ges t schl by undergrund instead f driving a car.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
25．Australia is a great cuntry with amazing places and lvely animals.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
26．Smetimes I have n time t have breakfast because I get up t late.
A. an
B. a
C. /
D. The
【答案】C
27．Jn preferred playing baseball t .
A. the ; play the rugby
B. / ;playing rugby
C. a ;play a rugby
D. /;play rugby
【答案】B
28．Miss Lin is nw n diet. She has nly a cup f milk fr breakfast every day.
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
【答案】D
29．My father always ges t bed late at night.
A. an
B. /
C. a
D. the
【答案】B
30．It is gd t have sme free talks with ur family at supper.
A. /
B. a
C. an
D. the
【答案】A