人教版 (新课标)必修3&4Unit 2 Working the land教案

Periods 1　Warming up and Reading

The General Idea of This Period

This period includes Warming up,Pre-reading,Reading and Comprehending of Unit 2.It introduces something about agriculture,especially about Dr Yuan and his super hybrid rice.It can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture.In fact this world faces a serious problem—starvation.

So after reading the passage about Dr Yuan the students will know the importance of his achievement to man.Of course they will learn from Dr Yuan some noble characters,and learn how they should try their best to make contributions to the society.

Teaching Important Points

Help the students to understand the passage better.

Learn and master the important words and phrases in this period.

How to help the students make up their minds to make contributions to the society in the future like Dr Yuan.

Teaching Difficult Points

How to help the students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.

How to master the important language points in this passage.

Teaching Methods

Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.

Detail reading to understand the passage better.

Explanation to help the students master some language points.

Discussion to help the students understand better what they’ve learned and to use the knowledge they’ve learned in this period.

Teaching Aids

A tape recorder

A multimedia

Three Dimensional Teaching Aims

Knowledge and Skills

Train the students’ reading ability.

Learn the following useful words,expressions and drills:

Words:sunburn,struggle,super,expand,circulate,equip,export

Expressions:rid...of,be satisfied with,lead a...life,search for,would rather,thanks to,with the hope of,rather than 

Drills:

1) This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.

2) He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.

3) He also doesn’t care about being famous.

4) He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.

5) His other hobbies include playing mah-jong,swimming and reading.

6) Wishing for things,however,costs nothing.

Enable the students to learn more about agriculture,countryside and farming.They can exchange their experience with each other by talking and realize the role that agriculture plays in human life from this part.

Process and Strategies

Fast reading to make the students get the main idea of the passage.

Explanation to make the students master some language points.

Feelings and Value

It can help the students,especially the students in cities,know something about agriculture.

Teaching Procedures

Step 1 Warming up 

T:Good morning / afternoon everyone.

Ss:Good morning / afternoon,teacher.

T:In unit 1 the previows we learnt some great women.Today we’ll learn something about a famous man.At first let’s look at the following pictures and tell me what the people are doing?

Ss:They are farming.

T:Are you from a farmer’s family?What do you know about farming?

(Show the following chart word by word on the screen,and ask them to tell more.)

T:Maybe everyone knows something about the modern agriculture,but do you know anything about the agriculture in the past?Then show the students the following pictures:

Agriculture in the past

The modern agriculture

Step 2 Pre-reading 

The purpose of this step is to let the students know the importance of rice.By answering the two questions,the students can easily understand why we call Dr Yuan Longping a pioneer for all people,and why he devotes all his life to the rice research.

T:What is the main food in all East Asian and Southeast Asian countries?

Ss:Rice.It is said that there are 2.4 billion people to eat rice every day throughout the world.

T:What do you think would happen if there was suddenly no rice to eat?

Ss:If that happened,people there would suffer from starvation.People would be panic(惊慌) and the whole country would get into trouble.

T:But today it will not happen because Dr Yuan Longping helps us.So today we’ll learn a passage about Dr Yuan,the Father of hybrid rice.Let’s come to the text.

Step 3 Fast reading

The reading material is about an agricultural pioneer named Yuan Longping who worked hard at a new strain of rice.It has proved so successful that his technology spread into other countries.The purpose of the fast reading is to let the students find some useful information，and get familiar with the text.So in this step,the teacher can design some questions the for the students,so that they can easily find the answers and finish the reading task.

T:Read the text fast and find out the answers to the questions on the screen.Then I’d like to ask you to answer them.

Show the questions on the screen and give the students three minutes to read the text quickly.

Three minutes later.

T:Now who would like to answer the first question?

S:1.He has a sunburnt face and arms and a slim,strong body.He is more like a farmer than a scientist.

T:You are right,very good!What about the second one?

S:2.He grows what is called super hybrid rice,which makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.Using his hybrid rice farmers’ producing harvests twice as large as before.

T:Do you think he is a great man?Why?

(Ss give their own answers.)

Step 4 Detailed reading

T:Please read the text again,and try to find the answers for the following questions:

 I’ll give you four minutes.

Four minutes later.

T:Who have found the answer for the first question?

Suggested answers:

1.Dr Yuan wanted to increase the rice output because he saw many people go hungry when he was young.

2.He helps the world get rid of hunger by producing a hybrid strain of rice which increase the harvest.

3.Dr Yuan is leading a simple life,doing his research,listening to his music and riding his motor-bike.

4.Dr Yuan is a simple,academic man who is more interested in helping others than being famous.

Step 5 Extensive reading 

T:Now please read the text for the third time,then fill the following chart:

Ss read and fill the chart:

Step 6 Discussion

Do you want to end the famine(饥荒)in the world?If you had the chance to do one thing to help end hunger in the world,what would you do ? 

Invent a new kind of plant to produce more food.

Find a sort of fertilizer(肥料)to give rice enough nutrition.

Stop the pollution to the environment and protect the soil in the field.

Step 7 Language points

The teacher explains the important words and expressions from the reading.Try to use as many examples as possible to illustrate the point.After illustration,the teacher can give the students some exercise to consolidate their understanding.

Step 8 Homework

Finish the exercises on Workbook.

Prepare for the next class.

The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Record after Teaching

Activities and Research

Research on crops

This activity is intended for group cooperation.The students have to assign themselves the work.The students are asked to study three or four crops that are grown on the land,including where it grows;the varieties;its ideal environment.This activity is important for the students as it encourages independent learning and develops research skills.

1.Assign each group to find out the information of one kind of crop.

2.Students can search some information on the Internet,they can also gain a lot of information from a good set of encyclopedia.

3.Encourage them to do the work out of school as homework or independent project work.

4.Help the students organize their information under the three headings:geography,varieties and environment.

5.When students present their work,praise their efforts in class and give them encouragement and suggestions to improve the quality of their future projects.

6.Teacher can also display the students’ projects for other classes and their parents to see.

Reference for Teaching

Background Information

1.Crops

1)Cucumbers

Cucumbers are grown for eating fresh or preserving as pickles.They must be grown in warm temperatures and full sunlight,and will not stand frost.Cucumbers mature quickly and are best suited to large gardens but can be grown in small areas if caged or trellised.

Cucumbers do best in loose,sandy loam soil but can be grown in any well drained soil.Remove rocks,large sticks and trash before preparing the soil.Leave fine pieces of plant material such as dead grass and small weeds.They will help enrich the soil when turned under.Spade the soil to a depth of 8 to 12 inches.This is about the depth reached by most shovels or spading forks.Turn each shovel of soil completely over so all plant materials are covered with soil.

2)Tomatoes

Tomatoes are warm season plants requiring at least six hours per day.Temperatures are very important.Most varieties of tomatoes will not set fruit unless the average nighttime temperature stays above 55 degrees.If nighttime temperatures are expected to drop below 55 degrees,protect the plants using a polyethylene film.

One of the most common problems with tomatoes is called blossom end rot which appears as a gray or dark leathery scar or rot on the blossom end of the fruit.It is usually caused by sudden or inconsistent moisture levels in the soil.It can also be caused by a lack of calcium in the soil.Another common problem of tomatoes is blossom drop.This can occur if nighttime temperatures drop below 55 degrees and plants are not protected.Germination and tube growth are so slow that the blossoms drop off before they can be fertilized.

3)Peas

Peas are a frost-hardy,cool-season vegetable that can be grown throughout most of the United States,wherever a cool season of sufficient duration exists.For gardening purposes,peas may be classified as garden peas (English peas),snap peas and snow peas (sugar peas).Garden pea varieties have smooth or wrinkled seeds.The smooth-seeded varieties tend to have more starch than the wrinkled-seeded varieties.The wrinkled-seeded varieties are generally sweeter and usually preferred for home use.The smooth-seeded types are used more often to produce ripe seeds that are used like dry beans and to make split-pea soup.Snap peas have been developed from garden peas to have low-fiber pods that can be snapped and eaten along with the immature peas inside.Snow peas are meant to be harvested as flat,tender pods before the peas inside develop at all.The Southern pea (cowpea) is an entirely different warm-season vegetable that is planted and grown in the same manner as beans.

2.Is Organic Food Safe?

Yes.Organic food is as safe to consume as any other kind of food.Just as with any kind of produce,consumers should wash before consuming to ensure maximum cleanliness.As cited above,organic produce contains significantly lower levels of pesticide residues than conventional produce.It is a common misconception that organic food could be at greater risk of E.coli contamination because of raw manure application although conventional farmers commonly apply tons of raw manure as well with no regulation whatsoever.Organic standards set strict guidelines on manure use in organic farming:Either it must be first composted,or it must be applied at least 90 days before harvest,which allows ample time for microbial breakdown of any pathogens.

Why does organic cost more?

The cost of organic food is higher than that of conventional food because the organic price tag more closely reflects the true cost of growing the food:substituting labor and intensive management for chemicals,the health and environmental costs of which are borne by society.These costs include cleanup of polluted water and remediation of pesticide contamination.Prices for organic foods include costs of growing,harvesting,transportation and storage.In the case of processed foods,processing and

packaging costs are also included.Organically produced foods must meet stricter regulations governing all these steps than conventional foods.The intensive management and labor used in organic production are frequently (though not always) more expensive than the chemicals routinely used on conventional farms.There is mounting evidence that if all the indirect costs of conventional food production were factored into the price of food,organic foods would cost the same,or,more likely,be cheaper than conventional food.

3.International Coalition Proposes World Hunger Reforms

Rome,Italy,May 28 \—An international coalition promoting plant-based solutions to world hunger proposed sweeping reforms to delegates to the Food and Agriculture Organization meeting on world food security in Rome.The purpose of the meeting was to repair a flawed process that was supposed to reduce the number of chronically hungry people in the world by half by the year 2015.

The coalition’s position paper makes several creative points to clear the impasse:

A key root cause of world hunger,aside from natural disasters,pests,and wars,has been the insistence first by colonial powers and now by corporate interests on production of cash crops for export,in place of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible food for the local population.

International trade can not solve world hunger because it shifts limited agricultural resources to production of cash crops for export,and people who don’t have access to food and other basic necessities of life have nothing to trade.

Western meat industries,facing public awareness of the health impacts and strict environmental regulations at home,seek to exploit the natural resources,cheap labor,and potential markets of low-income food-deficient nations (LIFDNs).

The definition of food security as the sustainable availability of sufficient amounts of nutritious,safe,and accessible foodstuffs leads inevitably to the choice of plant-based solutions and the avoidance of animal-based solutions.

Affluent nations should act upon their moral obligation to provide the resources necessary to transport and distribute western food surpluses to the world’s hungry people and to help set up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible locally grown plant-based foods.They should reduce their own dependence on animal-based diets to release foodstuffs for the hungry.

LIFDNs should scrutinize carefully all offers of resources to make sure that these truly meet their needs,rather than those of western corporate interests.They should insist on building up sustainable production of sufficient nutritious,safe,and accessible locally grown plant-based foods.

In addition to distributing the position paper to the delegates,coalition activists also handed out leaflets at the FAO Rome headquarters.Additional actions are planned in connection with the World Food Summit to be held in Rome in November.

Members of the coalition include FARM,a U.S.non-profit organization which has promoted sustainable,humane farming practices since 1976，and two Italian groups,Societa Vegetariana (Milan) and Progetto Vivere Vegan (Florence).

4.Hunger:Vegetarian Solutions Now—Vegfam

Vegfam is a charitable organization with the mission to feed the hungry without exploit in animals.

It was founded in 1963 in England by Chris and Janet Aldous.Later Ruth and Friedenstern Howard became Trustees.Frieden and others continue its work today out of the office in Devon,England.(VEGFAM,The Sanctuary,Nr Lydford,Okehampton,Devon EX20 4AL,England)

For over 30 years,Vegfam has been working with and influencing major charities around the world,by co-financing projects that do not exploit animals.Vegfam works through indigenous on-the-spot representatives,and works with existing charities to support immediate and long-term food and water-aid projects.In working with existing charities,Vegfam educates these groups about the need for relief efforts that do not feed the hungry at the expense of animals and the environment.

Short-term aid for famine victims includes purchasing grains,legumes,fruits,nuts,and vegetables,and providing water supplies.Long-term aid includes providing seeds for planting,irrigation projects,digging water wells,providing fruit and nut trees,providing vegetable plots and/or training people to grow vegetables,and Leaf Concentrate projects.Some of the countries aided by Vegfam are India,Bangladesh,Vietnam,Sudan,Ethiopia,Nigeria/Biafra,Somalia,Syria,Lebanon,Zimbabwe,and many more.

In 1994 help was sent to Angola,Rwanda,and Bosnia.Donations made in 1995 were,in sterling;(1 = about $1.60),and the amounts are small compared to need,to:

MALAWI (Monkey Bay) 1000 to finance running a Fruit Tree Nursery.The project is done in conjunction with Concern Universal and the Wildlife Society of Malawi.

INDIA (Madurai) 1265 for two wells in Karumbalai for poor villagers who would otherwise have to walk afar.1935 to feed orphans in the orphanage at Chathirpatti.(The orphans are taken in from various disasters in India:flood,earthquake,plague,etc.) Both of these efforts are in support of the work of Pastor Jesudoss.

INDIA (Jaipur) 500 for the leaf concentrate child feeding programs run by Find Your Feet.

INDIA (Himalayas Kumaon) 500 for a medicinal and culinary herb nursery which will help subsistence farmers earn a living and overcome a food shortage,and preserve the wild-growing herbs that are being excessively harvested.

EL SALVADOR 2500 for growing and drying cowpea leaves to add to children’s snacks to alleviate malnutrition,in cooperation with a local agency,and Find Your Feet.

So far in 1996 donations have been made to:

INDIA,through Pastor Jesudoss:500 to help feed refugees from Sri Lanka,and 1220 to the orphanage.

ZAMBIA:3000 for a maize grinding mill,donated through the Zambian Society Of Vegetarians.

MEXICO:2000 for a dried leaf project of FIND YOUR FEET with cooperation of a local agency.

NIGERIA，and awaiting funding,is a soy flour distribution project to be conducted by the Nigerian Vegetarian Society.

5.Something About Chinese Agriculture

China is a country whose population ranks the first in the world.In order to feed the whole population,Chinese farmers must produce enough food.On the other hand,they should produce more and better products which can be exported to improve their living standard.But China only has 7% of the land which can be used for farming.Therefore,farmers in China have always been looking for better methods and techniques to produce more food.They have also had to find ways to work on more land with fewer hands.In the past 20 years,great achievements have been made in China and China’s farming.With the help of new techniques and the outstanding work of scientists,China has not only solved the problem of hunger but also taken a lead in agricultural research,especially in super hybrid rice,crop genome,fertilizer and so on,causing products to multiply.

 It is a kind of agriculture although there are differences between land agriculture and water agriculture.Fish farming involves human help and produces fish protein crops rather than vegetable or meat protein crops.It has been used for 2000 years in China,Egypt and Rome.Fish can either be kept in earthen ponds or in cages with flowing water passing over the fish.If fish are kept in earthen ponds they can be fed either with extra natural food or with specially produced fish food.If fish are kept in cages they have to be fed on the specially produced fish food.When the fish are ready to be harvested and sold for eating,the earthen ponds can be emptied (if all the fish are to be harvested) or the water reduced (if some of the fish are to remain).In the cages all the fish would be harvested together.There is the problem of disease with fish kept in cages.They are generally too close together so they get lice.These parasites can be killed by giving medicine to the fish.But as time goes by,the medicine is not able to kill all the lice.So if some of the lice get onto the wild fish they kill many of them as wild fish have no medicine to protect them.So fish farming can cause problems for wild populations of fish.

6.Modern Agriculture

For thousands of years traditional agriculture in China did not change very much.Most farms were one-family businesses.Although China is a very big country,only 7% of the land can be used for farming.It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population of China.

It is from the early 1990s that scientists started to develop new techniques to increase agricultural production without harming the environment.Chemical fertilization,for example,helps to produce better crops,but is harmful to the environment.New techniques should increase agricultural production but also be friendly to environment.Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment.

The biggest problem of Chinese farmers is the shortage of arable land.Using the latest technologies,Chinese scientists grow vegetables in greenhouses.The roots of these vegetables are not planted in earth but hang in water that contains all the nutrients they need to grow.Today,many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.They are protected from the wind,rain and insects.The temperature is controlled with computers,or kept the same,no matter how the weather is outside.

Language points

1.Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice.

袁博士种植了被人称作超级杂交水稻的稻谷。

what=the thing(s) that

This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.

这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

it 在句中作形式宾语,真正的宾语为to produce...,结构为:动词（make,feel,think,regard...）+it +adj.+ to do。

e.g.We think it important to learn English well.

2.Since then,he has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice.

从那以后,他就把毕生精力投入到水稻高产的研究中。

devote oneself to+n./doing 献身于,致力于

注意:to 为介词,后面接v.-ing。类似的短语还有look forward to,listen to,get to,reply to,apologize to,belong to,agree to等等。

3.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvest without expanding the area of fields.

袁博士寻求一种在不扩大种植面积的情况下提高水稻产量的方法。

注意:search强调搜查,一般表示目标明确范围较小。search sb.搜身;search some place 搜查某地search for 强调寻找,一般表示范围较大。

search for sb.寻找某人

e.g.The police searched the woods for the lost child.

警察在树林里寻找失踪的小孩。

Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.

科学家们仍然在寻找普通感冒的治疗方法。

4.Thanks to his research,the UN is trying to rid the world of hunger.

由于他的研究,联合国正在努力清除世界饥饿。

thanks to=because of;owing to 

e.g.Thanks to your support,we won the game.

由于你的支持,我们赢得了比赛。

5.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.

用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出比以前多一倍的粮食。

倍数词（twice/half/three times/a quarter,etc.）+as + 形容词原级 +as...表示“是……的多少倍”。

e.g.The number of the students in our school is twice as large as that in their school.

我们学校学生的数量是他们学校的两倍。

6.However,he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.

但是他很少想到要把钱花在自己的身上,或享受舒适的生活。

lead a...life 过……生活。英语中少数动词,包括一些不及物动词的宾语可能是与它同源的名词类似的短语动词有:die a...death,smile a...smile,dream a...dream,live a...life,sigh a...sigh,etc.。

care (little/much) about:be concerned about“关心,介意”,后面跟从句时,about常省略。

care for:look after 照料;like or want 想要,喜欢

e.g.Albert Einstein didn’t care much about what to wear.

Would you help to care for my pet while I am away?

7.Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.

与其说袁博士是一个科学家不如说他是一个农民。

be more than=not only 不仅仅,超过

e.g.Learning is more than reading.

be more +A +than +B　与其说是B还倒不如说是A

e.g.He is more an ordinary person than a leader.