2021年中考英语总复习专题.19 状语从句（考点详解）

这是一份2021年中考英语总复习专题.19 状语从句（考点详解），共11页。学案主要包含了we等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点19  状语从句近几年全国各地中考对状语从句的考查是中考必考考点之一，主要考查的是状语从句，及有关连词的区别应用。考查的主要形式是单项填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。考查题型：对状语从句的考查主要分布在改错、句子运用、完形填空、词语运用题。考查重点：1. 引导状语从句的应用；2. 连词的区别应用概述 1. 状语从句的定义：状语从句指在句中用作状语，起副词作用的从句。2、状语从句的分类：状语从句可以位于句前、句中成句后。位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句中时，句前、后须用逗号，位于句后时，从句的前面可以不用逗号。 状语从句主要包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句方式状语从句和比较状语从句。当状语由一个句子来充当时，这个主从复合句就是状语从句。I get up at 7 o’clock.（时间状语）I get up when it is 7 o’clock.（时间状语从句）He plays football at school.（地点状语）He plays football where he studies（地点状语从句）She was happy to hear the news.（原因状语）She was happy because she heard the news.（原因状语从句）They get up early to catch up the bus.（目的状语）They get up early so that they can catch up the bus.（目的状语从句）He is too young to go to school.（结果状语）He is so yong that he can’t go to school.（结果状语从句） 时间状语从句时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。常用引导词 when, as ,while, before, after, till, until, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the first time…. （名词性短语）在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，可分类：一、表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。常见引导词：when（当...时），while（当...时），as（当...时）, as soon as（一...就）, once（一旦...）等典型例句1、It was raining hard when I got to school yesterday. 当我昨天到学校的时候正在下雨。2、While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. 当他正在做作业的时候，电话响了。3、As/When I came home,I met an old schoolmate of mine.当我回家的时候，我遇见了一个老同学。3、Once you see him, you will never forget him.一旦你见到他，你就不会忘记。  I will call you as soon as I get home.我一到家就给你打电话when，while，as区别1. when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。如：典型例句（1）When she came in,I stopped eating.当她进来的时候，我停止了吃饭（came瞬间性动词）（2）When I lived in the city ,I used to go to school by bus. 当我居住在这座城市的时候，我过去常常坐公交车去上学（lived延续性动词）（3）When he came in, his mother was cooking. 当他进来的时候，他妈妈正在烧饭。（4）When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在学校的时候，我们每天都会去图书馆。2. while表示时间段，因此，While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续的，并强调主句和从句两个动作同时发生，多用于过去进行时。另外while还可以表示对比。如：典型例句（1）Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候请不要大声说话。（2）Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard. 汤姆的哥哥正在玩电脑游戏然而汤姆正在努力地学习。（3）While my wife was watching TV,I was reading the newspaper.当我妻子在看电视的时候，我在读报纸（watching延续性动词，主从句都是过去进行时）（4）She was reading while I was singing.当我在唱歌时，她在读书。（reading延续性动词，主从句都是过去进行时） 3. as 表示“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性的。as也可表示一先一后。典型例句（1）We always sing as we walk.（两个动作同时发生）我们总是边走边唱。（2）As we were going out,it began to snow.（两个动作一先一后）当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（3）I saw her as I was shopping（两个动作同时发生）当我购物时，我看到了她二、表示先、或者后，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。常见的引导词：after（在...之后），before（在...之前）典型例句  After the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.在孩子们睡觉之后，她开始准备她的课了。（从句的动作发生在主句之前，所以从句用了过去完成时）  He had learned English for three years before he went to London.在他去伦敦之前，他已经学了三年的英语了。（主句的动作发生在从句之前，所以主句用了过去完成时）  He ran off before I could stop him.在我能阻止他之前他跑掉了。（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）三、表示持续性或瞬间性。常见引导词：since(自从),ever since (自从),until (直到……才), till(直到……才)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。如：The young man read till the light went out. 这个年轻人读书一直读到关灯。
Let’s wait until the rain stops. 让我们等到雨停了吧。
We won’t start until Bob comes. 保罗来了我们才会开始。
Don’t get off until the bus stops. 直达公交车停了，再下车。典型例句1.He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到这个学校他就学习很努力（主句中studied 延续性的动作，从句中came瞬间性动作）2.I have known him ever since he was a child.自从他是个小孩的时候我就认识他了。（主句中known 延续性的动作，从句中was瞬间性动作）3.He watched TV untill/till his mother came back.他看电视直到他的妈妈回来。（主句中watched 延续性的动作，从句中came瞬间性动作）till和until区别1.一般情况下两者可以互换，但在强调句型中多用until。2.till不可以用于句首，until可用于句首。3.用于肯定句中主句的动词只能是延续性的动词，用于否定句中，主句的动词可以是延续性动词也可以是非延续性动词。Since表示主句的动作，从过去的某一点时间持续到现在，从句时态常用一般过去时，主句的时态一般用现在完成时。引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词，可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的。如：He has not written to me since he graduated from high school. 自从他中学毕业以来，一直没有写信给我。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. 自从两年前来到学校以来，我们已彼此熟悉了。但是在it is +时间+since从句的句型中，从句用一般过去时.此时从句中的动词分两种情况（1）It is +时间+since+非延续性动词，译为：自从从句动作发生以来已经多长时间了。（2）It is +时间+since+延续性动词，译为：自从从句动作结束已经多长时间了。如：典型例句It is 4 years since I came here.我来这已经四年了（came非延续性动词）It is 4 years since I lived here.我不在这住已经4年了（lived延续性动词）注意：在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。典型例句I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. 我一到纽约，我就给你打电话。  I will tell him everything when he comes back. 当他回来时，我会告诉你关于他的一切。He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. 只有他亲眼看到，他才会相信。原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词：because（因为），as（由于），since（既然）now that（既然），for（因为，引导的是并列句）典型例句He didn’t come to school because he was ill. 因为生病了，所以他没来上学。  As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因为下雨了，我们不去动物园了。Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. 既然你回答不了这个问题，我就问其他人了。He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。【拓展一】because,as,since和for 的区别1.because表示直接的原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题，语气最强；。because的从句通常放在主句之后，because不能和so连用，because+从句。because of+名词短语。I went to school late because I got up late.我上学迟到了是因为我起床晚了。Why didn’t he come here?Because he was ill.他为什么没来，因为他生病了---Why didn’t you go there? ---Because I didn’t want to. 你为什么没去那里，因为我不想去。Water is very important because we can't live without it. 水非常重要因为我们生活离不开水。2. as“因为”，语气较弱，用于说明原因, 着重点在主句，常译成“由于”一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. 因为下雨了，我们不去动物园了。As he was not well,I decided to go there alone.因为他身体不好，我决定独自去那。As it was raining hard,we had to stay at home.因为雨下的很大，我们不得不待在家。He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. 他昨天没来，因为他妈生病了。3、since/ now that表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”；一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。典型例句I'll do it for you since you are busy. 既然你忙，我就帮你做吧。Since/ Now that you feel ill, you'd better not go to work.既然你觉得不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。Since/Now that this way doesn’t work,let’s try another.既然这种方式行不通，那咱们就尝试另一种。4.for是并列连词，引出的原因较间接，似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由，只陈述一般推断的理由，不一定表示产生结果的必然原因。只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚上肯定下雨了，因为地是湿的。It rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨天晚上下雨了，因为地是湿的。She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.她一定出去的很早，因为她没来吃早饭。注意：because和so不能同时在一个句子中出现。Because he spends little time learning English, he fails in the exam.=He spends little time learning English, so he fails in the exam.因为他很少花时间学英语，所以考试没过。目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连接词有:so that（以便），in order that（为了），in case（以防）。从句中常常使用一些情态动词can,could,may,might,should,will,would  He got up early so that he can catch up with the bus.=He got up early to catch up the bus.他早起以便能赶上公交车。  He was working hard in order that he can pass the examination.=He was working hard to pass the examination.他努力学习是为了能通过考试。  You need go home in case your family need you.你应该回家以防你的家人需要你。  We started early so that we could catch the first train. 我们出发的很早为了能够赶上第一班火车。  We used the computer in order that we might save time. 我们用电脑为了节省时间。【拓展二】so that的用法so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：①目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。②从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。结果状语从句前面有时会加上逗号。典型例句Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的) Jack is badly ill, so that he has to rest. (结果) 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连接词：so...that（如此...以至于），such...that（如此...以至于）So+形容词/副词+that+从句Such+形容词+名词+that+从句So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+从句但是如果名词前有many/much/little/few修饰时，要用so不能用such。如：He has so much homework that he can’t watch TV.他有如此多的作业，以至于他没时间看电视He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他的朋友是如此的少，以至于他经常感到很孤独There were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. 有如此多的鹿以至于它们吃完了所有的野玫瑰。
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. 他几乎没有时间所以不能和你一起去看电影。典型例句1. He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son. 他如此穷以至于他不能给他儿子买自行车。
2. She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. 她是个如此好的老师，以至于每个人都很喜欢她。
3. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it. 我的铅笔掉到桌子底下了，以至于我看不到它。4. He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑的如此的快以至于没人能够追上他。【拓展三】so…that与such...that可以互换。如：He is so young that he can’t go to school.=He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.=He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.他太小了以至于不能去上学。① 在so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。典型例句He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. 他如此开心，以至于说不出话来了。
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. 大厅如此之大以至于可以容纳二千人。
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 妈妈住的如此地远以至于我很少能见到他。② 在such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰名词。其结构是： “...such + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+ that + 从句”、“...such +形容词+可数名词复数+ that + 从句”和“...such +形容词+不可数名词+ that + 从句”典型例句It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天如此的热以至于没人想做事情。He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. 他胳膊如此的长，以至于他可以够到天花板。He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term exams. 他进步很快，以至于他期中考试考的很好。③ 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。典型例句It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.电影如此的好看，以至于我们都还想再看一遍。It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.这是一次非常重要的比赛，以至于没人想错过。条件转语从句一、引导条件状语从句的连接词：if（如果），unless（除非），as long as（只要）。条件状语从句要：主将从现、主情（情态动词）从现、主现从现。典型例句  If it doesn’t rain tomorrow ,we will go hiking.如果明天不下雨,我们就去远足。（主将从现）  If you work harder,you can get higher grades.如果你更加努力学习，你就能获得更高的分数。（主情从现）  I will call you as long as I get there.只要我到那了，就给你打电话。（主将从现）4. What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? 如果明天下雪，我们怎么办？   5. Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. 不要离开这栋楼除非我告诉你离开。二、在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。典型例句1. I’ll help you with your English if I am free tomorrow. 如果我明天有空，我就帮你学习英语。  2. He won’t be late unless he is ill. 除非他生病，否则他不会迟到的。三、“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。典型例句1. Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. 快点，不然你就迟到了。Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过这次考试。比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as, 比较级 + than…等连词引导。典型例句Tom runs faster than John does. 汤姆跑的比约翰快。    This classroom is as big as that one. 这个教室和那个一样大。让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连接词：although，though，while,as,even if,even though,whether...or,no matter+疑问词，疑问词+ever。一般翻译为：尽管...,即使...，无论...1.though和although表示“虽然，尽管”，在一般情况下可以互换，在口语中，though比较常用，although比though正式，二者都可以和yet,still连用，但是不能和but连用。典型例句My will remain firm though I must lower my physical sights. 尽管我得降低体育（锻炼）的目标，但我的意志是坚强的。Though I believe it,yet I must consider. 尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。Althoug/Though he was tired,he kept on working.尽管他很累，但是他仍然继续工作2. as引导的让步状语从句要部分倒装，被倒装的部分可以是表语，状语或动词原形Child as he is ,he is very brave.尽管是个孩子，他仍然很勇敢。Hard as he worked,he didn’t suceed.尽管他努力了，但是还是没有成功。3. even if/even though表示即使，纵使，含有假设含义，两者通常可以互换。典型例句We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.即使天气不好，我们也要作一次旅行。Even if he is poor,she loves him. 即使他很穷，但她还是爱他。Even though he is poor,she loves him. 尽管他很穷，但她还是爱他。He seemed youthful even though he was an old man. 尽管他已经是老年人，但看上去仍然是朝气蓬勃的。We will go hiking even if/though the weather is bad.尽管天气不好，我们仍然要去远足。4. whether...or引导让步状语从句表示“不论是否……”，“不管是……还是……”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结。典型例句You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not,it's true. 无论你是否相信，这都是真的。Whether or not they win this battle,they won't win the war. 不管他们是否能赢得这次战役，他们绝不会赢得这场战争。You have to finish you homework whether you are free or busy.不管你忙不忙，你都必须完成作业。Whether you believe it or not,it’s true.不管你信不信，它都是真的。5. “no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……；不管……都……”它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened ,he would not mind.无论发生什么他都不不在意。No matter who you are ,you must follow the rules.=Whoever you are ,you must follow the rules.无论你是谁，都必须遵守规则。典型例句No matter what happened,he would not mind. =Whatever happened,he would not mind. 无论发生了什么事情，他都不会介意的。No matter who you are,you must keep the law. =Whoever you are,you must keep the law. 不管你是谁，你都需要遵纪守法。Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. 无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连接词：where，wherever1.We should camp where we can get water.我们应该在能找到水的地方露营2.You can go wherever you like.你可以去你想去的任何地方。3. Go where you like. 去你想去的地方。     4. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。注意where也可以引导定语从句。Where引导的状语从句和定语从句区别就看前面有没有先行词。1.Go back where you come from.你从哪来回哪儿去。（where引导的地点状语从句）2.Go back to the village where you come from.回到你来的那个村子里。（where引导的定语从句，其前面有先行词village）方式状语从句一、as或(just) as引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，意思是“正如…”，“就像”。典型例句Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, we should sweep backward.ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落。二、as if和as though引导方式状语从句，意为"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"。典型例句They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看来天气很快就会好起来。学记状语从句种类口诀：状语从句有八种，时地原因条件补，目的结果方让步，连词引导各不同。主句通常前面走，连词引从紧随后。从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗。