2021年中考英语总复习专题.05 形容词和副词(考点详解)
展开命题趋势:
形容词、副词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。近年来中考加大了对这部分内容的考查,约占全卷总分的6%左右。预计以后中考将继续考查形容词和副词用法的区别及它们比较级的用法。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
考查题型:形容词和副词常出现在以下题型中:单项选择,完形填空和词语运用等。
考查重点:对形容词和副词的考查重点是:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法,形容词的位置,意思相近或相同的形容词和副词之间的辨析和使用。
形容词及其用法
定义:修饰名词/不定代词,用来说明事物或人的性质或特征的词叫形容词。一般放所修饰名词前作定语,也可独立作表语/宾补等。
1、形容词的作用。其作用如下图表。
2、一些形容词的特殊用法
(1)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰smething, anything, nthing等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。例如:
Yu'd better tell us smething interesting.
(2)形容词名词化:用形容词表示类别和整体
= 1 \* GB3 ①某些形容词加上定冠词可泛指一类人,谓语用复数。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the pr,the blind,the hungry。———— The pr are lsing hpe.
= 2 \* GB3 ②有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese. ————The English have wnderful sense f humr.
(3)else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如:Did yu see anybdy else?
(4)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如:He is careful. He drives carefully.
(5)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别)
① a small rund table ② a tall gray building a dirty ld brwn shirt
a famus German medical schl an expensive Japanese sprts car
◆【知识拓展】一
一、形容词分成性质形容词+叙述形容词,不一定都放在名词前面。
1、直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:ht 热的。
2、叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill.
(错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid.
这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alne,asleep,awake 等。
3、以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词后。 例如:smething nice
二、以-ly结尾的形容词
1、大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lvely,lnely,likely,lively,ugly,brtherly,仍为形容词。
改错:(错) She sang lvely. (错) He spke t me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lvely. (对) He spke t me in a very friendly way.
2、有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。 daily,weekly,mnthly,yearly,early
① The Times is a daily paper. ② The Times is published daily.
副词及其用法
副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。在句子中作状语或表语的一类词。
一、副词的分类:
时间副词(nw, tday, early, smetimes, already等);
地点副词(utside, inside, upstairs, here, there, hme等);
方式副词(quickly, ludly, suddenly, fast, luckily等);
程度副词(very, quite, rather, t, much, s等);
疑问副词(when, where, why, hw, hw lng, hw ften等);
关系副词(when, where, why, hw等)
二、副词的位置
多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如:He runs slwly.
时间副词、地点副词和方式副词一般放在句末。如:
They went t the park yesterday mrning.
I heard him sing English sngs ver there.
频度副词一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后,实义动词之前。如:
He is seldm ill.
Yu must always remember this.
I ften write t my parents.
程度副词修饰动词时,与频度副词相同,修饰形容词和副词时,放在它所修饰的词前面。如:
I nearly missed the bus.
否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如:
She seldm ges ut at night.
I am never late fr schl.
疑问副词放在特殊疑问句的句首。如:When can yu cme?
还有what,hw,why,hw many等词。
同时存在时间状语和地点状语时,时间状语一般放在后面。如:
The meeting will be held in the classrm tmrrw.
三、副词的排列顺序:
1、时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。
2、方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。
Please write slwly and carefully.
3、多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。
注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。
改错:(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.
注意:副词enugh要放在形容词的后面,形容词enugh放在名词前后都可。
I dn't knw him well enugh. 2、There is enugh fd fr everyne t eat.
There is fd enugh fr everyne t eat.
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。
2、不规则变化
3、表示比较的基本句型
as+形容词或副词原级+as
(1)在否定句或疑问句中可用s… as。 He cannt run s/as fast as yu.
(2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词;as + many/ much +名词
This is as gd an example as the ther is.
I can carry as much paper as yu can..
(3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。
This rm is twice as big as that ne.
Yur rm is the same size as mine.
(4)倍数+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍数+ then + f
① This bridge is three times as lng as that ne. ② This bridge is three times the length f that ne.
Yur rm is twice as large as mine.
Yur rm is twice the size f mine.
比较级形容词或副词+than
Yu are taller than I. They lights in yur rm are as bright as thse in mine.
注意:
(1)要避免重复使用比较级。
(错) He is mre cleverer than his brther. (对) He is mre clever than his brther.
(对) He is clever than his brther.
(2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
(错) China is larger that any cuntry in Asia. (对) China is larger than any ther cuntries in Asia.
(3)要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。
The ppulatin f Shanghai is larger than that f Beijing.
It is easier t make a plan than t carry it ut.
(4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有名词。
比较:Which is large, Canada r Australia? Which is the larger cuntry, Canada r Australia?
She is taller than her tw sisters. She is the taller f the tw sisters.
the+最高级+比较范围
(1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the wrld.
形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用。
形容词mst前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常"。
It is a mst imprtant prblem. =It is a very imprtant prblem.
注意: 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。
(错)Tm is the tallest f his three brthers. (对)Tm is the tallest f the three brthers.
(2)下列词可修饰最高级,by far, far, much, mstly, almst
This hat is nearly / almst the biggest.
注意:a. very可修饰最高级,但位置与much不同。
This is the very best. This is much the best.
b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。
Africa is the secnd largest cntinent.
(3)句型转换:
Mike is the mst intelligent in his class.
Mike is mre intelligent than any ther students in his class.
(4)"否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ s… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nthing is s easy as this. =Nthing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing.
一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。
三者三者往上比,最高级的用法起。
若要比项掌握齐,比较范围要搞细。
比较级二句型记,做出句子没问题。
若甲乙程度相同,as…as结构体。
甲某方面不及乙,用nts/as…as表示。
上述内容全记起,比较等级谈完毕。
◆【知识拓展】二
1、可修饰比较级的词
(1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lt, lts, a great deal, any, still, even等
(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
典型例题
(1)---- Are yu feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine nw.
A. any well B. any better C. quite gd D. quite better
答案:B. any可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.
(2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A.mr e B.much mre C.much D.mre much
答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需mre,因此C为正确答案。
(3)If there were n examinatins, we shuld have ___ at schl.
A. the happiest time B. a mre happier time C. much happiest time D.a much happier time
2、many, ld和far
(1)如果后接名词时,much mre +不可数名词
many mre +可数名词复数
(2)ld 有两种比较级和最高级形式: lder/ldest 和elder/eldest。 elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。
My elder brther is an engineer. 2、 Mary is the eldest f the three sisters.
(3)far 有两种比较级,farther,further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。
在美语中,father 表示距离,further表示进一步。
I have nthing further t say.
3、already和yet的区别
already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,;yet用来谈某事在预料之中,用于疑问句时译为“已经”,用在否定句中译为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。
如:① the train has already arrived. i have already read the bk.
4、和mre有关的词组
(1)the mre… the mre…越……就越……
The harder yu wrk,the greater prgress yu'll make.
(2)mre B than A与其说A不如说B ;less A than B
He is mre lazy than slw at his wrk. = He is less slw than lazy at his wrk.
(3)n mre… than… 与……一样……,不比……多
The fficials culd see n mre than the Emperr.
(4)n less… than…与……一样…… He is n less diligent than yu.
(5)mre than不只是,非常
She is mre than kind t us all.
5、兼有两种形式的副词
(1)clse与clsely clse意思是"近"; clsely 意思是"仔细地"
1、He is sitting clse t me.
2、Watch him clsely.
(2)late 与latelylate意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
1、Yu have cme t late.
2、What have yu been ding lately?
(3)deep与deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
1、He pushed the stick deep int the mud.
2、 Even father was deeply mved by the film.
(4)high与highly
high表示空间高度; highly表示程度,相当于much
1、The plane was flying high.
2、I think highly f yur pinin.
(5)wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"
1、He pened the dr wide.
2、English is widely used in the wrld.
(6)free与freely
free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"
1、Yu can eat free in my restaurant whenever yu like.
2、Yu may speak freely; say what yu like.
◆【知识拓展】三
形容词变副词方式:
1、在形容词词尾直接加-ly,构成副词。如:usual-usually, bad-badly等。
[注]:不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可以转化为形容词。如:
sisterly, brtherly, friendly, cmradely, lvely等。
2、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的单词,变y为i,再加-ly,如:heavy-heavily, happy-happily等,并且要注意这些单词的变化:plite-plitely, true-truly, terrible-terribly等。作 用
例 句
定 语
① this is an interesting stry.② kitty is a clever cat.
表 语
① Ya Ming is very tall.② ur classrm is big and bright.
宾语补足语
① dn't make yur hands dirty.②we're trying t make ur schl beautiful.
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)
great(巨大的)
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice(好的)
large(大的)
able(有能力的)
Nicer;larger
abler
Nicest;largest
ablest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的)
ht (热的)
bigger
htter
biggest
httest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er,-w结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever(聪明的)
narrw(窄的)
cleverer
narrwer
cleverest
narrwest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加mre,mst来构成比较级和最高级。
imprtant(重要的)
easily(容易地)
mre imprtant
mre easily
mst imprtant
mst easily
原级
比较级
最高级
gd(好的);well(健康的)
better
best
bad (坏的);ill(有病的)
wrse
wrst
ld (老的)
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
mre
mst
little(少的)
less
least
far (远的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
2021年中考英语总复习专题.05 形容词和副词(考点专练): 这是一份2021年中考英语总复习专题.05 形容词和副词(考点专练),共4页。学案主要包含了单项填空,用括号内所给词的适当形式填空,词语运用,完形填空等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2021年中考英语总复习专题.28 词汇运用(考点详解): 这是一份2021年中考英语总复习专题.28 词汇运用(考点详解),共43页。学案主要包含了答案与解析等内容,欢迎下载使用。
2021年中考英语总复习专题.07 连词(考点详解): 这是一份2021年中考英语总复习专题.07 连词(考点详解),共17页。学案主要包含了bell,nt,Li,will,students,will,yu,water,_____,achieve等内容,欢迎下载使用。