必修3 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars（核心素养过关练）-2021年高考英语一轮复习学与练

必修3 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars
基础练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. Not long ago a violent earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.
2. Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.
3. Fresh air is fundamental to good health.
4. He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.
5. Whenever recession strikes, it sets off a chain reaction in the international money market.
6. Mr Smith pulled the drawer open, and found the old photo still hidden in the crack.
7. There are different theories (理论) related to changes in sea temperatures in the world.
8. A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus.
9. Accustomed to the climate in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.
10. There is a friendly atmosphere (气氛) of helping each other with difficulties in study in our class.
11. Continuous exposure to sound above 80 decibels could be harmful to our ears.
12. Her school report shows that she is weak in maths and biology (生物学).
13. He was interested in astronomy (天文学) and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.
14. Neither of them thought of turning on the lunchtime news. Thus (因此), Caroline didn’t hear of John’s death until Peter telephoned.

Ⅱ.单句填空
1. There was a puzzled look on the little girl’s face because a puzzling problem puzzled her. (puzzle)
2. In face of violence, people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)
3. Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health. So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
4. His presence (present) at the meeting took us aback, for he was supposed to be on a business tour then.
5. You need someone who’s outgoing and adventurous (adventure), artistic and self-assured.
6. The medication helps to lessen (less) your pain and reduce sufferings.
7. The long talk exhausted (exhaust) my strength and patience. Eventually, I burst out.
8. Now that Tony was no longer present, there was a distinct change in her attitude.
9. The constitution, unlike other forms of laws, is fundamental to keep (keep) our social system working properly.
10. The government has to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river being polluted (pollute).
11. There is a lot of rubbish floating (float) on the surface of the river.
12. 10.A boy who has good manners (manner) stands up in an automatic movement when a lady enters the room.
13. The government have taken measures to stop using fossil fuels and limit global (globe) warming.
14. Unlike (like) traditional amusement parks, theme parks often teach visitors something.

Ⅲ.短语检测
1. In his turn (轮到他时), Mr.Yang expressed his thanks to his colleagues for their help.
2. My sister gave birth to (生产) a healthy baby last night, which made all my family very happy.
3. Cheer up (打起精神,振作), and better times may be ahead.
4. Now that (既然) you have grown up, you should not depend on your parents.
5. Watch/Look out for (当心) the cars when you cross the street.
6. With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions (四面八方,四处), but apparently no one came to meet her.
7. We put a curtain across the window to block out (挡住) the sunlight.
8. Press the button when the light goes on—you will soon get the hang of (掌握) it.
9. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn (反过来) creates further problems.
10. A car came from nowhere, and I had to jump back into the bushes just in time (及时).
11. Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe. War was soon to break out (爆发).
12. Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to (危害) people.
13. Nothing can prevent my dreams from coming true (阻止我的梦想成真).

Ⅳ.重点句型
1. Last month I was lucky enough to seize the opportunity (足够幸运获得了机会) to make a trip into space with an astronaut.
2. What is even more important (更重要的是) is that you put your heart into what you are doing.
3. The electronic waste stream is increasing twice as fast (快两倍) traditional garbage as a whole.
4. The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
5. There existed (exist) a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work at that time.
6. Whether he will come (他是否会来) depends on the weather.
7. They want to make it clear to the public that the clean workers do an important and necessary job.

Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Different religions and cultures have their own ideas about how the universe came into 1.exixtence (exist).According to a 2.widely (wide) accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that exploded loudly with fire and rock and threw matter 3.in all directions. Several billion years after that, the dust 4.settled (settle) into a solid globe—the earth—5.where the continual presence of water makes life possible. Life developed from simple plants to complicated mammals, 6.moving (move) from water to land. At last, mammals saw a new species appearing — humans — 7. which spread all over the earth. Together with their civilization, a series of problems 8.have arisen (arise), making the earth far from a paradise. 9.Whether life will survive on the earth for millions of years 10.to come(come) will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

必修3 Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars
提升练
I. 阅读理解
A
【2018北京卷】 Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空) Center
If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they’re studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water- and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www.oursac.com.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要从辉煌历史、学习内容和招收成员的要求三个方面介绍了SAC（宇航中心）
1. Why do people come to SAC?
A. To experience adventures.
B. To look for jobs in aviation.
C. To get a degree in engineering.
D. To learn more about medicine.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的”If you’re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.”可知,SAC可以提供独一无二的冒险经历。故选A。
2. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .
A. fly to space
B. get an Aviation badge first
C. study the principles of flight
D. build and fire model rockets
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的”At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.”可知,要想得到徽章,需要制作火箭模型并点火。故选D。
3. What is the most important for trainees?
A. Leadership. B. Team spirit.
C. Task planning. D. Survival skills.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第四段”With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.”可知,团队合作是被训练者最重要的素质。故选B。
B
【2019全国卷II】 Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It’s turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re close to a solution(解决方案). “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
“There are no tests,” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than’Are you working towards your goal?’ Basically, it’s ‘I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very nice thing at time. It’s a hard business review of your product.”
Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don’t teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术,把空间技术与带进课堂,与学校教育相结合,从而最终影响到大学入学。
4. What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?
A. They are hard to get rid of. B. They lead to air pollution.
C. They appear different forms. D. They damage the instruments.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的”Bacteria are annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms form our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知,细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长,宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的”the microorganisms”包括”bacteria”。由此可知, A项符合题意。
5. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships. B. To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C. To allow students to experience zero gravity. D. To link space technology with school education
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的 “HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity,...”可知,Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌, ...”。结合最后一段中的”Gordon students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,...”可知,学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出HUNCH program的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
6. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的”I’ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year ,present it to NASA, ““Engineers come and really do an in-person review,and ...It’s not a very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.”可知,NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意,故选A。
7. What is the best title for the text?
A. NASA: The Home of Astronauts.
B. Space: The Final Homework Frontier.
C. Nature: An Outdoor Classroom.
D. HUNCH:A College Admission Reform.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头,引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班,此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里,学生们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空,因此”太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选B。
C
【晋冀鲁豫中原名校2019年高三第三次联考】 Dutch designer Daan Roosegaarde has spent much of his time seeking artistic solutions(解决方案) to solve our environmental problems. His past projects include “Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees” to light streets, a “Smog-Free Tower” to clean Beijing’s polluted air and “Gates of Light” which uses the headlamps of passing cars to light up the 60 floodgates of the Afsluitdijk, a major dam in the Netherlands. Now, he is hoping to use his skills to solve a pressing global problem-space junk!
Scientists guess that there are over 500,000 bits of large rubbish. To deal with the problem, Roosegaarde intends to achieve his goal by educating the public about the need of the situation and coming up with possible solutions. The plan called the Space Waste Lab. started in October 2018 with a laser(激光)show in the Netherlands. The unique outdoor artwork of LEDs used real-time tracking information to point at pieces of space junk floating at altitudes of 200 to 20,000 kilometers. The experience was designed to make the public know more about how much space junk there are.
To find a solution, the designer has been thinking with experts. One of the projects being considered is “Shooting Stars”, which attempts to reintroduce the trash to the atmosphere in a controlled way. Upon reentry, the waste would burn in the atmosphere like a shooting star. Roosegaarde envisages that if successful .burning space trash could someday replace fireworks at large public events!
In September 2018, the RemoveDEBRIS satellite successfully sent a net to catch a target while orbiting at an altitude of about 300 kilometers (190 miles). Sometime this year, the capsule will set free a harpoon that has been designed to remove space trash. At the end of its task,RemoveDEBRIS will let go a sail to bring the satellite itself and hopefully some trash, back into the atmosphere where it will burn up.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位荷兰设计师试图通过艺术形式有创意地解决太空垃圾问题。
8. What can we infer about Daan Roosegaarde?
A. He is too aggressive to put forward good plans.
B. He is creative in solving environmental problems.
C. He is fond of spending all of his time seeking art skills.
D. He is sensitive to art reflected in environmental projects.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段”His past projects include’Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees’ to light streets, a ‘Smog Free Tower’ to clean Beijing s polluted air, and ‘Gates of Light’, which uses the headlamps of passing cars to light up the floodgates of the Afsluitdijk, a major dam in the Netherlands”可知,他过去的项目包括点亮街道的生物发光树,净化北京污染空气的雾霾净化塔以及荷兰一座大坝的防洪闸,由此可知,丹•罗斯加德在解决环境问题上很有创造力,故B项正确。
9. Why was a laser show held in October 2018?
A. To confirm real-time information about space trash.
B. To show the great beauty of LEDs to common people.
C. To raise public awareness of the amount of space trash.
D. To inspire people to consider the solution to space trash.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段”The unique outdoor artwork of LET used real-time tracking information to point at pieces of space junk floating at altitudes of 200 to 20,000 kilometers The experience was designed to make the public know more about how much space junk there are”可知,举办这个激光秀的目的是提高公众对太空垃圾数量的认识,故C项正确。
10. What does the underlined word “envisage” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Suspect. B. Demand. C. Advise. D. Imagine.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词后的”...if successful, burning space trash could someday replace fireworks at large public events!”可知,丹•罗斯加德的设想,如果成功的话,焚烧太空垃圾有一天会取代大型活动中的烟火,由此可知画线词为”设想、想象”,故D项正确。
11. What is the function of a sail?
A. Bringing the satellite to atmosphere to burn.
B. Keeping trash traveling along its own orbit.
C. Taking the satellite away from atmosphere.
D. Removing space trash out of the capsule.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段”At the end of its task, RemoveDEBRIS will let go a sail to bring the satellite itself, and, hopefully some trash, back into the atmosphere, where it will burn up.”可知,在帆的作用是在任务结束时将卫星带入到大气层中自动焚毁,故A项正确。
D
【2020贵阳市高三摸底考试】Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”
However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults(断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.
According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon’s surface continues to push up.“Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale(里氏震级),” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US.
But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us.
The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong.“We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.
【语篇解读】月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。
12. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?
A. It stays the same as before.
B. It is becoming slightly smaller.
C. It is getting older and older.
D. It has passed away.
【答案】B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study... shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time”可知，一项新的发表在《自然•地球科学》上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。
13. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?
A. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.
B. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.
C. It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.
D. It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.
【答案】D
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born”“But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。
14. Who thinks that we needn’t worry about the moon?
A. Zhang Ruoxu. B. Thomas Watters.
C. Nathan Williams. D. The journalist.
【答案】B
【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isn’t anything to worry about... It’s not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。
15. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?
A. It is a dead and boring place.
B. It has lots of faults on the surface.
C. It is valuable to do more science.
D. It isn’t a place where we can live.
【答案】C
【解析】考查推理判断。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science... we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索；据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。
II. 完形填空
Coming to the end of my assistantship in Barcelona, I start to expect what the future might hold.
It’s been 1 seven months since I arrived here and things have changed so much in 2 some might call a short period of time. When I first arrived in Terrassa I was excited and nervous to start a new 3 in a country I love. The first few days seem so long ago now. I was alone, trying to find a place to live, 4 my timetable with the schools and meeting new people.
After a couple of weeks, the excitement started to 5 , however, and homesickness started to set 6 . It wasn’t powerful homesickness 7 enough to make me spend more than a few nights 8 my family and friends back home, wondering if I should be there with them.
All that started to 9 after meeting some new friends and spending good time with them — I suppose we should never forget how 10 it is to have good people in life, because they can make such a(n) 11 .
Coming back to Terrassa after visiting home felt like returning to a second home, to a place that was mine with people I 12 . Things got even busier and more people came into my 13 ; new friends, romance and a whole lot of good food 14 by in what seems to have been weeks, not months. I realized that to travel and visit other places is one of the most 15 things you can do in life.
16. A. approximately B. extremely C. regularly D. absolutely
17. A. which B. when C. that D. what
18. A. dilemma B. adventure C. program D. relationship
19. A. clarifying B. exchanging C. organizing D. following
20. A. flash B. fade C. escape D. expand
21. A. in B. out C. apart D. back
22. A. and B. so C. but D. then
23. A. calling on B. thinking of C. responding to D. consulting with
24. A. withdraw B. recover C. change D. progress
25. A. complex B. normal C. natural D. important
26. A. difference B. choice C. attempt D. advance
27. A. benefited from B. reflected on C. cared about D. complained about
28. A. existence B. life C. expectation D. mind
29. A. flowed B. walked C. dropped D. stood
30. A. relaxing B. satisfying C. confusing D. embarrassing
【答案】16-20 ADBCB 21-25 ACBCD 26-30 ACBAB
【解析】刚来到Terrassa，由于身边没有熟悉的人，“我”感到非常孤独，并且想家；后来，随着朋友数量的增多，“我”的异国生活充满欢乐，甚至感觉它是“我”的第二故乡。
16．A A项意为“大概”；B项意为“极其”；C项意为“经常”；D项意为“绝对地”。根据空后的“seven months”可知，这里表示时间的长短，故选A。
17．D 根据空前的介词“in”可知，空处引导的是宾语从句，并且从句中缺少宾语，故选D。
18．B A项意为“困境”；B项意为“冒险”；C项意为“程序”；D项意为“关系”。根据上文中的“excited and nervous”可推知，在这个陌生的国家，“我”开始了新的冒险旅程。故选B。
19．C 根据下文中的“timetable with the schools”可知，这里表示分配好自己的时间。故选C。
20．B A项意为“闪现”；B项意为“逐渐消逝”；C项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“扩大”。根据下文中的“homesickness”可推知，兴奋渐渐消退，“我”开始想家。故选B。
21．A 参见上题解析。set in意为“开始”，故选A。
22．C 根据语境可知，想家的感觉虽然不是那么强烈，但却足以让“我”花好几个晚上想起(thinking of)“我”的家人与老家的朋友。故选C。
23．B 参见上题解析。A项意为“探访，号召”：B项意为“想起”；C项意为“回应”；D项意为“咨询”。
24．C A项意为“撤退”；B项意为“恢复”；C项意为“改变”；D项意为“进步”。根据上文内容可知，刚开始“我”孤身一人很想家，但是，在“我”遇到一些新朋友之后，处境开始发生改变。故选C。
25．D A项意为“复杂的”；B项意为“正常的”；C项意为“自然的”；D项意为“重要的”。根据语境可知，“我”认为我们应该不要忘记生活中有好人是多么重要，因为他们对我们的生活大有影响(difference)。故选D。
26．A 参见上题解析。
27．C A项意为“从……受益”；B项意为“给……带来影响”；C项意为“在意，关心”；D项意为“抱怨”。根据语境可知，重返Terrassa作者感觉回到了第二个家，回到了一个“我”关心、在乎的人所在的地方。故选C。
28．B 根据语境可知，“我”的事务更加繁忙，并且更多的人进入到“我”的生活；新朋友、浪漫和一大波美食，在看起来只有几周而不是几个月的时间里，都向“我”涌(flowed)来。故选B。
29．A 参见上题解析。
30．B A项意为“令人放松的”；B项意为“令人满意的”；C项意为“令人困惑的”；D项意为“令人尴尬的”。根据语境可知，在其他地方旅游、参观是你在生活中可以做的最令人满意的事情之一。故选B。
III.语法填空
The Moon’s near side, the one we all see, has been the target of many robotic and human missions. However, its far side, also 31. (call) the dark side because it faces away from the Earth and little 32. (know) about it,has never been explored. That changed on Jan.2, 2019, when Chinese spacecraft Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on 33. is often referred to as the dark side.
The landing is 34. example of China’s growing desire 35. (compete) with the American, Russian and European space programmes. China also wants to 36. (strength) its position as a regional and international power.
One of the great 37. (difficulty) in exploring the far side of the Moon is that it blocks all radio signals, 38. (make) it impossible to communicate with the Earth. To overcome this difficulty, in 2017, the Chinese National Space Administration launched a satellite to orbit the Moon and relay the signals. Once a 39. (rely) communication path was in place, Chang’e 4 could send back information.
Chang’e 4 will make astronomical observations and examine the structure and mineral composition of the ground above and below the surface, 40. researchers believe will provide insights into the solar system’s early days and perhaps even the origin of the first stars.
【答案】 31. called 32. is known 33. what 34. an 35. to compete
36. strengthen 37. difficulties 38. making 39. reliable 40. which
【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章简单介绍了嫦娥四号的相关信息。
31.called 考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,它较远的那一面,也叫作暗月面,因为没有面对地球,人们知之甚少,也从来没有去探索过。分析句子可知,call作非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语far side为动宾关系,故用过去分词called。
32.is known 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知, know与faces并列作谓语,与其主语it为动宾关系,故用被动语态,因此处为陈述事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态is known。
33.what 考查名词性从句。句意:这种情况在2019年1月2日发生了改变,在那一天,嫦娥四号在月球的暗月面软着陆。此句为宾语从句,从句缺乏主语,故用what。
34.an 考查不定冠词。句意:这次着陆是中国越来越大的企图要与美国、俄罗斯以及欧洲空间项目竞争的一个例子。example为可数名词,第一次提及,故用不定冠词an。
35.to compete 考查非谓语动词。解析参考上一题。分析句子可知,compete作定语修饰desire,故用不定式to compete。
36.strengthen 考查动词。句意:同时,中国也想加强地区性和国际的影响。分析句子可知,不定式to后接动词原形,故用strengthen。
37.difficulties 考查名词复数。句意:探索月球暗月面最大的困难之一就是月球阻挡了信号,让暗月面和地球进行通讯成为不可能。one of后接可数名词复数,difficulty指代具体的事情,困难的事情,故用复数形式difficulties。
38.making 考查非谓语动词。句意参考上一题。分析句子可知,make作非谓语动词,在此作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果,故用现在分词形式making。
39.reliable 考查形容词。句意:一旦一个可靠的信号通道准备就绪,那么嫦娥四号就会发回信号。修饰名词用形容词,故用reliable。
40.which 考查定语从句。句意:嫦娥四号将会进行天文观测,分析检测月球表面和地下的结构和矿物组成成分,研究人员认为这些信息可以帮助我们了解太阳系早期信息,甚至第一批星星起源的信息。此句为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,从句中缺乏主语,其中researchers believe为插入语,故用关系代词which。