

所属成套资源:2020-2021学年中考英语语法专题复习
2020学年中考英语语法专题复习 考点(二):形容词、副词的用法
展开
2021年中考英语语法专题考点(二):形容词、副词的用法复习目标: 1、形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法及常用副词的用法;2、形容词(副词)原级、比较级和最高级的常见用法和句型;3、易混淆的形容词(副词)用法辨析等。形容词的用法:
1、 什么是形容词?形容词(Adjective 简称adj.)用来描述或修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、 状态、特征或属性,常用作定语,也可作表语或补语。例如:hot 热的,beautiful美丽的。有的形容词只能作表语,没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。例如:afraid害怕的,asleep睡着的。2、 形容词的用法1) 作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前面。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的词语即复合不定代词时,要放在这些词之后。例如:What an interesting movie it is! 多有趣的一部电影啊!There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么有趣的内容。2) 作表语放在系动词后面。例如:The food smells delicious. 食物闻起来很香。3) 位于宾语后做宾语补足语。例如:You must keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们必须保持教室干净整洁。4) 少数形容词只能作表语,如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, well(健康的),ill,sorry,glad,sure,pleased等。例如:He is alone in the classroom.他独自在教室。She has been asleep for three hours.她睡了三个小时了。5)某些形容词之前加上冠词the表示一类人,如 the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the deaf, the blind, the living, the dead, the hungry等。例如:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。The young should be polite to the old.年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。 【注意:】① 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。如:How long is the river?It"s about two thousand metres long.这条河有多长?大约2000米长。② 只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep 睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的。如:The man is ill.(正)The ill man is my uncle.(误)③ 貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。如:It"s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我,真好。It"s not easy to learn a foreign language.学好一门外语不容易。副词的用法: 1、 什么是副词?副词(Adverb 简称adv.)是指在句子中表示修饰行为或状态特征的词,如修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。2、 副词的分类和用法1) 时间副词:如now,today,yesterday,soon等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。例如:There is going to be a class meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个班会。They visited the aquarium yesterday. 他们昨天参观了水族馆。2) 频度副词:如sometimes,often, always, usually等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。例如:They have never seen each other before.他们以前从未见过面。What do you usually do on weekends?你们周末通常做什么?3) 地点副词:如here, there, home, somewhere, anywhere,outside等,在句子中担任地点状语。例如:I have looked for my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.我到处找了我的钢笔,但哪儿都没看见。4) 方式副词:如slowly, quickly, fast, luckily, easily等,在句子中担任方式状语。这类副词大都由“形容词+ly”构成。例如:Please speak more slowly so that we can hear you clearly.请慢点说以便我们能够听清楚你说的内容。5) 程度副词:如very, quite, rather, too, much, so等,在句子中修饰形容词或其他副词,作状语。例如:It’s much too hot in Changsha these days.这些天长沙太热了。The little boy can play the guitar very well.这小男孩吉他弹得非常好。6) 疑问副词:如when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far,how old等,放在句首构成特殊疑问句。例如:How soon will your father be back home? 你爸过多久回到家?How often do you go to the movie? 你们隔多久看一次电影?7) 关系副词:如when, where, why, how等,用来引导相关从句。例如:What were you doing when the UFO landed? UFO着陆时你在干什么?I ‘d like to go somewhere where people are friendly. 我想去人们友好的地方。3、副词的位置总的来说,很多副词的位置比较灵活,在句子开头、中间、结尾都可以。但是请注意下面几点:1) 频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。例如:He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。He usually goes to see his grandparents on Saturday. 他通常周六去看望爷爷奶奶。2) enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰词的后面。例如:The little boy isn’t old enough to go to school. 小男孩没到上学的年龄。He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得够快,抓住了小偷。形容词 (副词) 等级的用法: 1.形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成①规则变化构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级(1)一般单音节词末尾加-er,-est ,如:small→smaller→ smallest fast→faster→fastest quick→quicker→quickest (2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词末尾加-r,-st 如:nice→nicer →nicest fine→finer→finest (3)以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词,先把y变为i,再加-er,-est 如:lonely→lonelier →loneliest happy→happier→happiest (4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est 如:hot→hotter→hottest big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner →thinnest (5)部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,most 如:interesting→more interesting →most interesting tired →more tired→most tired②不规则变化原级 比较级 最高级good/well → better → bestbad/ill/badly → worse → worstlittle → less → leastmany/much → more → mostfar → farther → farthestold → older/elder → oldest/eldest③下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级 比较级 最高级like(相似的,同样的) → more like → most likereal(真的) → more real → most realtired(疲乏的) → more tired →most tiredpleased(高兴的) → more pleased → most pleasedoften(经常) → more often →most often2.形容词、副词等级的用法❶ 原级的用法① 只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too,rather。如:He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。② as...as...和……一样(中间用原级)not as(so)...as和……不一样(中间用原级) 如:Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。This room is not so/as big as that one.这个房间不如那个大。❷ 比较级的用法①可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still。② ...than……比……如:Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。③ 选择疑问句中,二选一时如:Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?④ 用比较级表示最高级的意思如:The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何一条河都长。⑤ “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”如:He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮了。⑥ “the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”如:The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you"ll make.你越认真,犯的错误就越少。⑦ 在比较级中为了避免重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。如:The weather here is warmer than that in Shanghai.这里的天气比上海的暖和。⑧ 表示倍数的比较如:This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大3倍。❸ 最高级的用法① 形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略the。② 有范围(in,of,among或从句等)修饰的用最高级。如:Winter is the coldest season of the year.冬季是一年里最冷的季节。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最好的电影。③ “主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。如:Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。④ 选择疑问句中用于三者或三者以上的比较。如:Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?哪一个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?⑤ 表示“第几个最……”时,用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数”的结构。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。
