(人教版)2019届高考英语一轮复习练习案：选修八 Unit 5 (含解析)

选修八 Unit 5

[基础回顾]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516357)
1．　It　 is assumed that stress is mainly caused by too much work.
2．If you don't like the school lunch, you have 　the　 alternative of bringing your own.
3．She has kept up physical training for several years without 　interruption　 (interrupt)．
4．The more we are aware of the 　significance　 (significant) of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
5．If you study in a 　systematic　 (system) way, you won't leave anything out.
6．The plants need the right amount of sunlight and rain to grow and 　ripen　 (ripe)．
7．The mechanic who wishes to do his work well, must first 　sharpen　 (sharp) his tools.
8．The escaped prisoner got 　arrested　 (arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
9．Scientists 　have identified　 (identify) more than forty chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals.
10．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in poverty­stricken areas are suffering from 　starvation　 (starve)．
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516358)
1．I had no alternative but report him to the headteacher.　report前加to　
2．Assumed that the weather is favorable, farmers will have a good harvest.　Assumed→Assuming/Assume　
3．He could have finished it on schedule, but anyhow he fell behind.　anyhow→somehow　
4．I'm very sorry to interrupt with you, but I have something very important to tell you.　去掉with　
5．The significance attaching to a national day is very different from country to country.　attaching→attached　
Ⅲ.佳句写作(导学号02516359)
1．他们急匆匆地到达公司，结果了解到他们被开除了。(only to作结果状语)
答案：They hurried to the company，only to learn that they were fired.
2．看看我们现在所处的困境。要是我们接受了他的建议就好了。(if only)
答案：Look at the trouble we are in now.If only we had taken his advice.
3．看，我的妈妈正在切碎包饺子的肉。(cut up)
答案：Look，my mother is cutting up the meat for making dumplings.
4．假设他在七点回来的话，我们就开会。(assume)
答案：Assume/Assuming that he comes back at seven，we will have a meeting.
5．尽管下大雨，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故现场。(in spite of)
答案：In spite of the heavy rain，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident.
[技能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(导学号02516360)
The ancient Mayan civilization collapsed due to a century­long drought, new research suggests.

Minerals taken from Belize's famous underwater cave，known as the Blue Hole，as well as lagoons (环礁湖) nearby, show that an extreme drought occurred between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, right when the Mayan civilization ended. After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north－but they disappeared again a few centuries later, and that disappearance occurred at the same time as another dry period, the sediments (沉积物)reveal.
Although the findings aren't the first to tie a drought to the end of the Mayan culture, the new results strengthen the case that dry periods were indeed the cause. That's because the data come from several spots in a region central to the Mayan heartland, said study co­author Andre Droxler, an Earth scientist at Rice University.
From A. D. 300 to A.D．700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula. These ancient Mesoamericans built great pyramids, mastered astronomy, and developed both a writing system and a calendar system, which is famous for predicting that the world would end in 2012.
But in the centuries after A. D. 700, the civilization's building activities slowed and the culture fell into war and unrest.
The evidence for a drought has been growing in recent years. A 2012 study in the journal Science analyzed a 2,000­year­old stalagmite(石笋) from a cave in southern Belize and found that sharp decreases in rainfall coincided with periods of decline in the culture. But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole，Droxler said.
To look for signs of drought, the team drilled the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon, as well as one in the Rhomboid reef. The lagoons were surrounded on all sides by thick walls of coral reef. During storms or wetter periods, excess water runs off from rivers and streams，overtops the retaining walls, and is deposited in a thin layer at the top of the lagoon. From there, all the sediments from these streams settle to the bottom of the lagoon, piling on top of each other and leaving a record of the historical climate.
The team found that during the period between A. D. 800 and A. D. 1,000, when the Mayan civilization collapsed, there were just one or two tropical cyclones (气旋) every two decades, as opposed to the usual five or six. After that, the Maya moved north, building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico.
[语篇解读]　玛雅文化如何消失是一个神秘话题。新研究发现：古玛雅文化的消失可能与长达一个世纪的干旱有关。
1．What happened after an extreme drought between A．D. 800 and A. D. 1,000?
A．The Mayans were suffering a heavy flood.
B．The Mayans suddenly disappeared from the earth.
C．The Mayans were often attacked by tropical cyclones.
D．The Mayans moved to places in what is now called Mexico.
解析：D　[细节理解题。根据第二段“After the rains returned, the Mayans moved north”和最后一段“After that, the Maya moved north，building at sites such as Chichen Itza, in what is now Mexico”可知D为正确选项。]
2．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．The achievements of the Mayan civilization.
B．The prediction the Mayan civilization made.
C．The effects the Mayan civilization had on humans.
D．The background where the Mayan civilization began.
解析：A　[段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“From A．D. 300 to A. D. 700, the Mayan civilization flourished in the Yucatan peninsula”以及后面举的例子可知本段主要介绍玛雅文明的繁荣。]
3．Why did the team drill the sediments in the Blue Hole of Lighthouse Lagoon?
A．To learn how the Blue Hole came into being.
B．To know what lies on the bottom of the lagoon.
C．To study the record of the historical climate.
D．To see how excess water runs off from rivers and streams.
解析：C　[细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“To look for signs of drought”和最后一句“leaving a record of the historical climate”可知C为正确选项。]
4．What did Andre Droxler think of the analysis of the 2,000­year­old stalagmite?
A．Amazing.　　　　　 B．Ridiculous.
C．Reasonable. D．Unreliable.
解析：D　[推理判断题。根据第六段最后一句“But the data came from just one cave, which meant it was difficult to make predictions for the area as a whole, Droxler said”可知来自一个洞穴的数据，很难对整个地区做出正确的预测。]
Ⅱ.完形填空(导学号02516361)
(2018·河北衡水中学一模)While I was waiting in line at a coffee shop earlier, a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter (踏板车). There was only a 　__1__　 space between the line of people and the tables, which she 　__2__　 to drive along. She drove over my foot and didn't 　__3__　 saying nothing at all. I got annoyed and expected she would have　__4__　，but then I just decided to 　__5__　 it and got down to selecting which pastry (点心) to go with my coffee. The lady and I ended up sitting at adjacent (邻近的) tables. She was on the end of a row so that she could park her 　__6__　. After about half an hour，when she had 　__7__　 her coffee, she got up and back onto her scooter. It 　__8__　 start. She tried to turn the key several times 　__9__　 she telephoned the place she purchased (购买) it from.
An engineer 　__10__　 within 5 minutes. The place must have been local. I couldn't 　__11__　 overhearing (偷听) their conversation, and it turned out she had just 　__12__　 the scooter that morning. This was her very first outing in it. She felt really 　__13__　 about driving it. 　__14__　，she wasn't used to its speed, nor its 　__15__　， and this combination made it quite 　__16__　 to drive it through narrow gaps.
Suddenly，I felt 　__17__　 for the lady. It really didn't 　__18__　 me at all that she'd driven over my foot. I had made an assumption, 　__19__　， that a person doing that should apologize.
Next time you're about to 　__20__　 someone，pause for a second and remind yourself that people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life.
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者在被一个第一次骑踏板车的女性轧到脚，又目睹了对方骑车时的不安以及无法启动车子的遭遇后，开始变得同情对方并最终原谅对方的故事。
1．A.private B．vast
C．public D．narrow
解析：D　[考查形容词辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“to drive it through narrow gaps”可知，人群与桌子之间的空间狭小。D项意为“狭窄的”，符合语境。A项意为“私有的，私人的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“公共的”，均与语境不符。]
2．A.attempted B．promised
C．declined D．guaranteed
解析：A　[考查动词辨析。根据上文可知，人群与桌子之间的空间很狭小；又根据下文中的“drive along”以及“She drove over my foot”可知，她试图从中穿过。A项意为“试图”，attempt to do sth.意为“试图做某事”，符合语境。B项意为“承诺”；C项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“保证”，均与语境不符。]
3．A.call back B．give up
C．look back D．cheer up
解析：C　[考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知，她从作者的脚上面开了过去，没有回头看一下，并且什么都没有说。A项意为“回电话”；B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“回头看一下，回顾”；D项意为“使振作起来”。]
4．A.ignored B．apologized
C．explained D．forgiven
解析：B　[考查动词辨析。根据第三段最后一句中的“that a person doing that should apologize”可知，作者当时很生气，希望她能道歉。A项意为“忽视，不理会”；B项意为“道歉”；C项意为“解释”；D项意为“原谅”。]
5．A.dismiss B．make
C．replace D．inspect
解析：A　[考查动词辨析。根据该句“I got annoyed and...and got down to selecting which pastry(点心)to go with my coffee.”并结合语境可知，前后表示转折，作者起初很生气，希望这位妇女能道歉，可一会儿之后，便不再理会这件事，开始认真挑选自己的点心了。A项意为“不予理会，不予考虑”；B项意为“制作”；C项意为“代替”；D项意为“视察，检查”。]
6．A.truck B．bike
C．car D．scooter
解析：D　[考查名词辨析。根据文章第一句“...a woman drove alongside the queue in a mobility scooter(踏板车)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是可以停放她的踏板车，此处与开头的“scooter”照应。]
7．A.poured B．finished
C．ordered D．purchased
解析：B　[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“she got up and back onto her scooter”并结合语境可知，此处应指她喝完了咖啡然后起身去骑踏板车。A项意为“倾，倒”；B项意为“完成”；C项意为“命令，订购，点(酒菜等)”；D项意为“购买”。]
8．A.needn't B．shouldn't
C．wouldn't D．mustn't
解析：C　[考查情态动词辨析。根据下文中的“she telephoned the place she purchased(购买)it from”以及第二段第一句“An engineer 　__10__　 within 5 minutes.”可知，踏板车坏了，启动不了。由此可知，C项“wouldn't”符合语境。A项意为“不必”；B项意为“不应该”；D项意为“禁止”，均与语境不符。]
9．A.so B．until
C．unless D．before
解析：D　[考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，她在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之前，又尝试转动了几下钥匙。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“直到”；C项意为“除非”；D项意为“在……之前”。]
10．A.broke in B．turned up
C．ran away D．settled down
解析：B　[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文中的“she telephoned the place she purchased(购买)it from”可知，在给卖踏板车的地方打电话之后，工程师在五分钟之内就到了。A项意为“闯入，打断”；B项意为“出现，露面，到达”；C项意为“逃跑”；D项意为“定居，安定下来”。]
11．A.tolerate B．allow
C．resist D．postpone
解析：C　[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“overhearing(偷听)their conversation”并结合语境可知，作者忍不住偷听了他们的谈话。A项意为“容忍”；B项意为“允许”；C项意为“抵制”；D项意为“推迟”。can't/couldn't resist doing sth.意为“忍不住做某事”，符合语境。]
12．A.collected B. stolen
C．fixed D．abandoned
解析：A　[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“This was her very first outing in it”可知，她那天上午刚从店里取了车，这是她第一次把它骑出来。A项意为“收集，领走”；B项意为“偷”；C项意为“固定，修理”；D项意为“放弃，遗弃”。]
13．A.concerned B．excited
C．confident D．nervous
解析：D　[考查形容词辨析。根据下文中的“she wasn't used to its speed”并结合常识可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车，所以她应该是很紧张。A项意为“担心的，忧虑的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“有信心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。]
14．A.Doubtfully B．Certainly
C．Fortunately D．Surprisingly
解析：B　[考查副词辨析。根据上文中的“This was her very first outing in it”可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车出门，当然会不习惯它的车速。A项意为“怀疑地”；B项意为“当然，肯定”；C项意为“幸运地”；D项意为“吃惊地”。]
15．A.width B．length
C．weight D．height
解析：A　[考查名词辨析。根据上文中的“she wasn't used to its speed”和下文中的“to drive it through narrow gaps”可知，她既不习惯车速，也不习惯它的宽度。width意为“宽度”，与下文中的“narrow gaps”照应，符合语境。]
16．A.cool B．convenient
C．stressful D．desperate
解析：C　[考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，她那天早上是第一次骑踏板车出门，她既不习惯它的车速，也不习惯它的宽度，这让她在狭小的空间里驾驭踏板车很有压力。A项意为“凉爽的，冷静的，酷的”；B项意为“方便的”；C项意为“有压力的”；D项意为“令人绝望的，极度渴望的”。]
17．A.pleasure B．regret
C．appreciation D．sympathy
解析：D　[考查名词辨析。根据语境并结合上文描述这位女士骑车时的艰难可知，当了解到实情后，作者突然对这个妇女的遭遇感到同情。A项意为“快乐”；B项意为“后悔”；C项意为“感激，欣赏”；D项意为“同情”。]
18．A.strike B．bother
C．satisfy D．motivate
解析：B　[考查动词辨析。作者在知道了这位妇女的情况之后，很同情她，也不再恼火她轧到了自己的脚。A项意为“给人印象，让人觉得”；B项意为“烦扰，使恼怒”；C项意为“使满足，使满意”；D项意为“激励，激发”。]
19．A.otherwise B．therefore
C．however D．besides
解析：C　[考查副词辨析。分析句子逻辑关系及语境可知，“It really didn't 　__18__　 me at all”与“a person doing that should apologize”前后两部分构成转折关系，且中间用逗号隔开，故此处应用转折词however连接；此处表示作者虽不再恼火她轧到了自己的脚，然而，作者之前却认为一个人应当为此道歉。]
20．A.judge B．hug
C．persuade D．tease
解析：A　[考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“people have judged you without knowing what was going on in your mind or your life”可知，下一次当你打算对人作出评判时，应该停下来想一想。A项意为“判断，评判”；B项意为“拥抱”；C项意为“说服”；D项意为“取笑，戏弄”。]
Ⅲ.短文改错(导学号02516362)
Dear Jane，
How's everything going? I'm glad to have met you and become friend with you. I miss you very well and thus I'm writing to tell you anything about my new life at college.
My new school is so beautiful as a huge garden. There are green grass and colorful flowers everywhere. My teachers are all kind and I believe, with time go by, I'll make a great progress. My classmates are very friendly and I made many new friends here.I feel that my new life is very excited, but I also realize that it is full of challenges. I've decided to work hard so that I'll have a brightly future. Of course, I'll also do more exercise to keep fit.
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Tom
答案：