2020版高考英语新创新一轮复习北师大版讲义：必修3Unit7TheSea

Unit 7 The Sea










一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．chimpanzee n．　　　 黑猩猩
2．dolphin n. 海豚
3．water skiing n. 滑水
4．windsurfing n. 风帆滑浪
5．Viking n. 维京人，北欧海盗
6．AD n. 公元
7．the Antarctic 南极洲
8．iceberg n. 冰山，浮冰
9．seal n. 海豹
10．penguin n. 企鹅
11．coral n. 珊瑚
12．crab n. 蟹
13．melt vi. 融化，熔化
14．barrel n. 圆桶
15．whirlpool n. 漩涡
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．evaluate vt. 评估，评价
2．sign n. 手势；符号
3.hunt v．　　　　　　　　　　打猎，猎杀
4．actor n. 演员
5．actress n. 女演员
6．writer_n. 作者，作家
7．collection n. 收集，收取
8．explorer_n. 探险家
9．voyage n. 航海；航空
10．ban_ vt. 禁止
11．altogether adv. 完全
12．handle_ vt. 对付
13．department n. 部，系，局，部门
14．solution_ n. 解决办法；答案
15．present vt. 演示；讲演
16．trick n. 戏法，把戏
17．measure_ vi.&vt. (长度、数量)为；测量
18．escape vi. 逃脱，逃跑
19．recover_ vi. 恢复正常；康复
20．debate n. 辩论，争论
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．participate vi.参加→participation n．参加→participant n．参与者
2．arrange vt.安排，准备→arrangement n．安排
3．frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的→frighten vt.(使)惊恐→frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的→fright n．恐怖；惊恐
4．persuade vt.说服，劝服→persuasion n．说服
5．apologise vi.道歉→apology n．道歉
6．pollute vt.使污染→pollution n．污染
7．intelligent adj.有灵性的；聪明的→intelligence n．智力，理解力
8．energetic adj.有活力的→energy n．精力；活力
9．discovery n．发现→discover vt.发现
10．educate vt.教育→educator n．教育工作者→education n．教育，培养
11．attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引人的地方→attractive adj.吸引人的
12．survive vi.幸存，生存下来→survival n．幸存，生存→survivor n．幸存者，生还者
[语境活用]
1．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions,_ like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace. They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world.(attract)
2．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference. Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangement for it? (arrange)
3．Only two passengers survived the air crash. When the two survivors were interviewed, they said their survival was a wonder.(survive)
4．Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death. Whenever she thought of it, she was trembling with fright.(frighten)
5．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train. It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a high­speed train.(terrify)
6．They encouraged the participants to participate in the singing performance after the contest and their participation gave the students much delight.(participate)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活

写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.participate_in 　　　　参加
2．on_one's_own 独自地；独立地
3．fill_out 填写
4．set_sail 启航
5．according_to 根据，依照
6．deal_with 处理；对付
7．make_sense 有道理，有意义
8．in_addition_to 除……以外还有
9．get_into_trouble 陷入麻烦，陷入困境
10．make_it_to 到达
11．in_search_of 寻找，寻求
12．make_a_living 谋生
13．watch_out 注意
14．all_at_once 突然，忽然
15．pick_up 取，接载；无意中学到
16．be_covered_with 覆盖
1.In_addition_to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
2．If you sing it several times, your children will begin to pick_up the words.
3．Birds are flying to the south in_search_of the winter sun.
4．I can't do everything all_at_once — you'll have to be patient.
5．The game will be played according_to rules which were made fifty years ago when the club was founded.
6．The company got_into_trouble early on, when a major order was cancelled.
7．Even though he couldn't swim, he managed to make_it_to the riverbank with his friends' help.
8．In order to earn money to make_a_living,_Mr Smith has to find a part­time job in the evening.
9．His work experience equipped him to deal_with all kinds of people.
10．Fill_out the application carefully, and keep copies of it.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It's three times as big underwater.
(冰山)水下部分是水上部分的三倍大。
“倍数＋as ... as ...”是倍数表达法的常用句型。
杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。
Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time.
2.You certainly won't find a noisier fish.
你肯定不会找到比这更吵的鱼了。
“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
真刺激啊！我以前从未观看过比这更刺激的比赛。
How exciting! I have_never_watched_a_more_exciting_match before.
3.One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish.
那一天，我和我的两个兄弟从海上捕鱼归来，船上载满了鱼。
our boat full of fish为独立主格结构。
(四川高考书面表达)数学考试有点难，但我还是完成了所有的题目。
The_math_exam_a_bit_difficult,_I managed to work out all the problems.
4.Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the terrifying word“Whirlpool！”
我们的船幸存下来，我正竭力(从恐惧中)回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把他的嘴放到我的耳朵旁，大声说出那个令人胆战心惊的词“漩涡”。
be doing ... when ...“正在做……这时……”。
(2014·福建高考书面表达)我正要放弃的时候，我父亲来鼓励我继续前进。
I was_giving_up_when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.


二、课堂重点深化



1．arrange vt.安排，准备；整理；排列
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The manager arranged for John to_drive (drive) the guests home after supper.
②Have you arranged to_take (take) the drive test this weekend?
③If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5: 00 pm so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange)．
完成句子
④With the Nation's Day approaching, we have_already_made_arrangements_for_our_trip.
随着国庆节的临近，我们已经为我们的旅行做好了安排。
⑤I wonder whether the employer can arrange_with_employees_about_the_salary today.
我不知道今天老板是否能与雇员商定工资。
　[系统归纳]
(1)arrange to do sth.　　　　　 安排做某事
arrange for 为……做准备(安排)
arrange for sb./sth.to do sth. 安排某人/物做某事
arrange with sb.about sth. 与某人商定某事
(2)arrangement n. 整理；布置；安排
make arrangements for ... 为……做好安排
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥David arranged his assistant to drive him home.
_arranged_后加for_
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)学校安排下午2点在学校礼堂放映一部英文短片Growing Together。
An_English_short_film,_called_Growing_Together,_is_arranged_to_be_shown_in_the_school_hall_at_2：00_pm.
2．persuade vt.说服，劝服；使相信
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Mother finally managed to persuade little Tom to_go (go) out for a walk after supper.
②It is said that it is difficult to persuade the customers into purchasing (purchase) medicine on the Internet nowadays.
③In a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument.
句型转换
④I am trying to persuade him to give up the attempt.
→I am trying to persuade him into giving up the attempt.
⑤We persuaded him out of lending his money to that untrustworthy man.
→We persuaded him not to lend his money to that untrustworthy man.
　[系统归纳]
(1)　　说服某人做某事
(2) 说服某人不做某事
(3)persuade sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
persuade sb. that ... 使某人相信……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Eventually, we persuaded him with the wisdom with this decision. 第一个with→of
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·浙江高考书面表达)我的大多数同学都想去公园，而我想去爬山。我设法说服我的同学接受我的想法。
Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of climbing mountains.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.
3．apologise vi.道歉，谢罪
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I apologise to you for the damage I have done to your bicycle.
②Every time he interrupts me, he always makes an apology (apologise) to me.
句型转换
③The teacher made a suggestion that she should apologise to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
→The teacher made a suggestion that she should make an apology to her deskmate for her bad behaviour.
完成句子
④You shouldn't have spoken to your mother in a rude manner. You owe_her_an_apology (应该向她道歉) immediately.
⑤Please accept_my_apology (接受我的道歉) for the inconvenience this matter has given you.
　[系统归纳]
(1)apologise to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
apologise to sb.that ... 向某人道歉……
(2)apology n. 道歉
make an apology to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology 接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥She apologised me for not replying to my letter in time.apologised后加_to
佳句时时写
⑦(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我应为星期五下午不能和你一起去书店向你道歉。
I_owe_you_an_apology__for_the_fact_that_I_cannot_go_to_the_bookstore_with_you_on_Friday_afternoon.
4．present vt.讲演；演示；给予，赠送；颁发；提出；介绍，引见n.现在，目前；礼物adj.出席的，在场的；现在的，目前的
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中present的词性及含义
①The music can't be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.vt.演示
②The audience present shouted with joy on seeing the famous star.adj.出席的，在场的
③Mrs.Gibert presented Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.vt.赠送
④She remembered how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.n.礼物
⑤The present situation is taking a turn for the better.adj.现在的，目前的
单句语法填空
⑥Mr Smith was presented with a watch by the boss for his years' hard work.
⑦People present at the meeting were mostly scientists from different parts of the world.
⑧At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries.
　[系统归纳]
(1)present sb.with sth.＝present sth.to sb.
把某物交给/颁发给/授予某人
present sb.to sb. 把某人介绍/引见给某人
(2)at the present time＝at present　 目前，现在
for the present 就现在来说，暂时
(3)be present at 出席……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨The mayor presented him in a gold medal at an official city reception.in→with
佳句时时写
⑩(2015·江苏高考书面表达)交通问题是一个很难解决的问题。它不仅影响我们的日常生活，还可能威胁到人们的生活。以上展示的三种选择都是典型的例子。
The_traffic_issue_is_a_hard_nut_to_crack.It_not_only_affects_our_everyday_life,_but_may_also_threaten_people's_lives.The_three_selections_presented_above_are_typical_examples.
5．attract vt.吸引，引起……的注意；使喜爱；引起……的好感(或爱慕)
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①What first attracted me to her was her incredible experience of life.
②With all these attractions (attract), no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
③He was handsome and intelligent and obviously very attractive (attract) to girls.
完成句子
④I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave when something occurred that attracted_my_attention.
我感到有点失望，正要离开，这时发生了一件事引起了我的注意。
⑤I'll stay four days in Beijing to visit some_famous_tourist_attractions.
我会在北京待4天，游览一些著名的旅游景点。
　[系统归纳]
(1)attract sb.to ...　　　　　 　 把某人吸引到……
attract one's attention/interest 吸引某人的注意/兴趣
(2)attraction n. 吸引人的事物，吸引力
(3)attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的
be attractive to sb. 对某人有吸引力
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥These films actually have strong attractions to the children although the teachers and parents think them meaningless.attractions→attraction
佳句时时写
⑦(2017·江苏高考书面表达)因此，电影产业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。
Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater_efforts_to_attract_more_viewers.
6．measure vi.& vt.(长度、数量)为；测量；衡量n.计量制；计量单位；措施；尺寸
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they get online.
②Some villagers reported a huge snake, measuring (measure) over two meters long, was found dead in a nearby cave.
完成句子
③Therefore, it's high time we took_measures_to_prevent water from being polluted.
因此，是我们采取措施防止水被污染的时候了。
④The suit fits me well because it is_made_to_my_measure.
这套套装很合我身，因为是量身定做的。
　[系统归纳]
(1)measure ... by ...　　　　　 用……来衡量……
be measured by/in 用……来衡量/计算
(2)take measures/steps/action to do sth. 采取措施做某事
make sth. to sb.'s measure 照某人的尺寸做某物
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measured→measuring
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·重庆高考书面表达)它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效的措施来保护它们。
The_number_of_them_is_less_than_1,000,_so_I_hope_you_can_take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.
[名师指津]　measure作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式；作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态，若其短语作后置定语，要用现在分词形式。
7．escape vi.逃脱，逃跑 vt.被忘掉，被忽视n.逃走，逃脱
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The murderer tried to escape being_caught (catch) by the police but in vain.
②Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.
完成句子
③Last year I had_a_narrow_escape,_so I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
④We should know how to escape_from_a_fire in case of emergency.
我们应该知道如何在火灾发生时逃离火场。
　[系统归纳]
(1)escape from/out of ...　　　　从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事
(2)make one's escape 逃走
a narrow escape 九死一生
　[重点强化]
僻义牢牢记
⑤Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘
佳句时时写
⑥(2014·湖北高考书面表达)与那个从现场逃跑的司机相比，我为我所做的感到骄傲。
Compared_with_the_driver_who_escaped_from_the_spot,_I_am_proud_of_what_I_did.
8．survive vi.幸存，生存下来vt.幸免于，幸存；比……活得长
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Many of the peasants managed to survive on tiny plots of corn and beans.
②Officials said there were no survivors (survive) in the plane crash.
③For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
完成句子
④People who survive_from the earthquake will remember their terrible experiences forever.
那些在地震中幸存下来的人将永远不会忘记他们可怕的经历。
⑤The man survived_his_wife_by five years, during which he lived in a small house.
这个男子比他妻子多活了五年，在此期间他一直住在一所小房子里。
　[系统归纳]
(1)survive on　　　 　　 靠……幸存/生存
survive sb. by ... 比……活得长……
survive sth. 幸免于……；从……中活过来
survive from ... 从……存活下来/流传下来
(2)survival n. 幸存，继续存在；幸存物，残存物
survivor n. 幸存者，生还者
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥This drug can help people survive from heart attacks.去掉from
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·浙江高考书面表达)同时，我的马受惊了，突然跳起来，疯狂乱窜。有那么一瞬间，我以为自己活不下来了。
Meanwhile,_my_horse_got_frightened,_jumped_up,_and_ran_around_wildly.For_a_moment,_I_thought_I_could_not_survive.



1．get into trouble陷入麻烦，陷入困境
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①If we give way to our feelings and let them take over, we can get into trouble.
②People usually turn to Google for help when in trouble.
③Walking around downtown late at night is just asking for trouble.
完成句子
④If your knowledge is abundant enough, you'll have_no_trouble_answering these questions.
如果你的知识足够丰富，你就能毫不费力地回答这些问题。
⑤Some people always take_great_trouble_to_achieve/achieving_some_goals which are beyond their ability.
有些人总是追求一些力所不能及的目标。

　[系统归纳]
get sb.into/out of trouble　　 使某人陷入/摆脱困境
ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
in trouble 处于困境中
take trouble to do/doing sth. 尽心尽力地做某事
have trouble with sth./(in) doing sth.
在(做)某事方面有麻烦/吃力
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Last weekend I went downtown and I had trouble find somewhere to park.find→finding
佳句时时写
⑦(2014·安徽高考书面表达)重要的是要学会控制你的脾气，这样你才不会陷入麻烦，不会做任何后悔的事或说任何后悔的话。
The_important_thing_is_to_learn_to_control_your_temper_so_that_you_may_not_get_into_trouble,_do_or_say_anything_you'll_regret.
2．make it to到达(to为介词)
　[自主体验]
完成句子
①For many who made_it_to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip.
然而，对于许多成功到达道森的人来说，这次艰难的旅行是值得的。
②Let's make_it_8：00_am tomorrow if you want to go to the park with me.
如果你想和我去公园的话，让我们把时间定在明天上午8点吧。
③We should have confidence in ourselves and believe we can make_it.
我们应该对自己有信心并且坚信我们能成功。
　[系统归纳]
make it　　　　　　获得成功；准时到达(尤其在困难情况下)；幸免于难；渡过难关
make it＋时间 定在某个时间
make it through ... 挺过……，熬过……
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
④Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.to前加it
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·浙江高考书面表达)“我们可能不能及时赶回农舍吃晚饭了。”我心里想。
“We_may_not_be_able_to_make_it_back_to_the_farm_house_in_time_for_supper.”_I_thought_to_myself.
3．pick up取，接载；拾起，捡起；收听(节目)；无意中学到；廉价买到；恢复健康；情况好转；收拾
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①The room must be picked up before the guests arrive. 收拾
②My radio can pick up the BBC programmes clearly. 收听
③The school bus picks up the children three times every day. 接载
④It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long. (偶然)学会
⑤Business has been depressed but they expect it to pick up again before Christmas.情况好转
单句语法填空
⑥That pile on the left are the ones that have been picked out for the library.
⑦The insecticide might harm the flowers.Let's pick off the insects by hand.
　[系统归纳]
pick out　　　　 挑出；辨别出；挑选；领会；理解
pick off 摘掉；摘下来
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧We drove to the airport the next morning to pick off Susan to attend the wedding together.off→up
佳句时时写
⑨(2015·广东高考书面表达)萨莉走上讲台，拿起一根粉笔在黑板上写道：“规则一：我们是一家人！”
Sally_walked_onto_the_platform,_picked_up_a_piece_of_chalk_and_wrote_on_the_blackboard：“Rule_1：We_are_family！”
4．倍数表达法
　[教材原句]　It's three_times_as_big underwater.
　[自主体验]
①The red ruler is three_times_as_long_as the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three_times_longer_than the yellow one.
＝The red ruler is three_times_the_length_of the yellow one.
这把红尺子是那把黄尺子的三倍长。
②The population now in this village is five_times_what_it_was ten years ago.
现在这个村庄的人口是十年前的五倍。
③Our grain output will be 10_times_that_of 1960.
我们的粮食产量将是1960年的10倍。
　[归纳点拨]
这是一个倍数表达法的常用句型，结构为：倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...。常见的倍数表达法还有：
(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋the size (length, width, depth ...) of＋B
(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋谓语＋倍数＋what从句
(4)A＋谓语＋倍数＋that of ...
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)Our school has a gymnasium with modern facilities, it is three times bigger than a common classroom.
②(增分要点句)(2016·四川高考满分作文)Secondly, summer vacation is twice longer than the winter holiday.
5．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
　[教材原句]　You certainly won't_find_a_noisier_fish.
　[自主体验]
①The book has a greater effect on me than any_other book.
＝The book has a greater effect on me than all_the_other books.
＝The book has a greater effect on me than any_of_the_other books.
这本书对我影响最大。
②—Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
—Of course.You can_never_be_too_careful with that.
——做完饭后我必须关上煤气吗？
——当然，在用煤气方面越小心越好。
　[归纳点拨]
(1)用形容词的比较级形式表示最高级含义的结构有：
·比较级＋than＋
·not (never, nothing等表示否定意义的词)＋a/an＋比较级＋单数名词
(2)英语中其他可表示最高级意义的结构：
·完成时＋never＋
·否定词＋比较级(＋than ...)，通常译为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”
·never/not＋enough/too ...“再……也不过分；越……越……”
　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2015·四川高考满分作文)This is Li Xia.I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am quite interested in it.I think I'm not too fit for it.
②(增分要点句)(2014·江西高考满分作文)I am sure that with great efforts, you won't enjoy a more colorful and fruitful life here.
③(增分要点句)(2015·湖南高考满分作文)As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.



Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The painting comes from his private collection (收藏)．
2．In fact, Adam says the difference of opinion is a good sign (迹象)．
3．He refused to allow his secretary to handle (处理) confidential letters.
4．Only four people managed to escape (逃离) before the roof collapsed.
5．They debated (争论) for over an hour on the merits of different systems.
6．Although he may be troubled, he always presents (显露) a calm smiling face.
7．It can take many years to recover (恢复正常) from the death of a loved one.
8．Because of cheating, Charlie has been banned (禁止) from cycling for a year.
9．We measured (测量) the room and found it was 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.
10．The school has only been open for six months, so it's too early to evaluate (评价) its success.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I don't have any further information about George at present.
2．It's surprising that he survived on a bottle of water in the earthquake.
3．Can we persuade her out of carrying (carry) out the foolish plan?
4．I've arranged for the neighbors to feed the cat while we are away.
5．He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.
6．She finally received an apology (apologize) from the company.
7．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring (measure) over 90 meters.
8．A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
9．Attracted (attract) by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
10．My grandfather is as energetic (energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．I was walking in the street while the accident happened. while→when
2．The plane flew ten times as higher as the kite. higher→high
3．He has to travel around the city in search work. work前加of
4．Some strange customs have survived on earlier times. on→from
5．Nothing else is precious than water in the desert. precious前加more
6．Bill arranged this man to show us around the museum. arranged后加for
7．All in once we heard a shot and the soldier fell to the ground. in→at
8．You'd better make apology to your teacher for your being late. apology前加an
9．The little girl was so frightening that she burst out crying. frightening→frightened
10．Time permitted, we are going to visit you tomorrow. permitted→permitting
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．Though no one knew it, it was the last time he would_be_present_at_the_meeting.
尽管没人知道，但这是他最后一次出席会议了。
2．What a wonderful novel！I have_never_read_a_more_moving_one.
多么好的一篇小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
3．Our school which was built last year is three_times_as_big_as_his.
我们去年才建的学校是他的学校的三倍大。
4．We have_made_all_the_arrangements_for_the_conference that will be held next week.
我们已做好下周将要召开的会议的全部筹备工作。
5．When Peter speaks in public, he always has_trouble_(in)_thinking_of the right things to say.
彼得当众讲话时，他总是难以想到合适的内容来说。


本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自然”中的“自然环境之海洋”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点

子话题——自然环境之海洋

(一)浅易词汇温一温
①mineral　　　　②fish　　　 ③ocean　　　 ④stream
⑤valley ⑥sea ⑦animal ⑧protect
⑨environment ⑩rescue ⑪ban ⑫storm
⑬suffer ⑭seawater

(二)生疏词汇记一记
①resource n．　　资源　　 ②pollutant n．　 　 污染物
③obviously adv. 明显地 ④biodiversity n. 生物多样性
⑤explore vt. 探索 ⑥capture vt. 俘获；夺得
⑦risk vt. 冒……的危险　⑧overcome vt. 克服
⑨develop vt. 发展 ⑩scientifically adv. 科学地
⑪handle vt. 处理 ⑫vital adj. 至关重要的
⑬increase n．　　　　　　 增加，增长；提高
⑭sharply adv. 急剧地；锐利地
⑮decrease v. 减少；减小；降低
⑯situation n. 形势
⑰destruction n. 破坏；毁灭
⑱over­fishing n. 过度捕捞

(三)常用词块忆一忆
①call on　　　　　　　　　　呼吁
②take effective measures 采取有效措施
③in the future 未来
④in my opinion 在我看来
⑤lead a safe and quiet life 过着安宁的生活
⑥be located in/lie in 坐落于/位于
⑦be surrounded by 被……包围/环绕着
⑧off the coast of ... 在……海岸附近
⑨ocean resources 海洋资源
⑩make strict laws 制定严格的法律
⑪clown fish 小丑鱼
⑫commercial fishing 商业捕鱼
⑬marine reserve 海洋保护区
⑭water and air pollution 水和空气污染
⑮arouse the awareness of people 唤起人们的意识

(四)写作佳句背一背
①Great attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources.
②Now the most important thing for us to do is to take measures to protect the sea.
③We should arouse the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
　
假设你是李华，来自中国江城，你的英国朋友Peter想请你介绍一下商业捕鱼的危害及应对措施，请给他写封电子邮件。要点如下：
1．商业捕鱼的危害；
2．应对措施。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　　

[写作4步走]

第一步：句写对——给词写句

commercial fishing, decrease, pay great attention to, ocean resources, situation, in the future, environment, suffer, destruction, take effective measures, call on, make strict laws, arouse the awareness of people, vital, protect　　
1．你想让我介绍一下商业捕鱼。
You_want_me_to_introduce_commercial_fishing.
2．现在我告诉你一些有关它的事情。
Now_I_tell_you_something_about_it.
3．鱼的数量急剧下降。
The_number_of_fish_has_sharply_decreased._
4．必须高度重视海洋资源的减少。
Great_attention_has_to_be_paid_to_the_decrease_of_ocean_resources.
5．我们让这种情况任由发展。
We_let_this_situation_go_as_it_is.
6．未来我们不知道鱼会在哪里。
We_do_not_know_where_fish_will_be_in_the_future.
7．我们的环境将遭受巨大的破坏。
Our_environment_will_suffer_great_destruction.
8．我们采取有效的措施是必要的。
It_is_necessary_for_us_to_take_effective_measures.
9．我们应该呼吁政府制定严格的法律。
We_should_call_on_our_government_to_make_strict_laws._
10．我们应该唤起人们的意识。
We_should_arouse_the_awareness_of_people.
11．海洋资源对我们来说很重要。
The_ocean_resources_are_vital_to_us.
12．我们可以保护我们的海洋资源。
We_can_protect_our_ocean_resources.

第二步：量写够——语句扩充
13．添加书信常用开头语“你好吗？”
How_are_you_doing?
14．在第3句中加入介词短语“随着商业捕鱼的增加”。
With_the_increase_of_commercial_fishing,_the_number_of_fish_has_sharply_decreased.
15．在第7句中加入状语“到那时”。
By_that_time,_our_environment_will_suffer_great_destruction.
16．在第9句中加入目的状语“为了控制商业捕鱼”。
We_should_call_on_our_government_to_make_strict_laws_to_control_commercial_fishing.
17．在第12句后加入介词短语“只有用这种方式”。
We_can_protect_our_ocean_resources_only_in_this_way.

第三步：语写美——词句升格
18．用连词if连接第5句和第6句。
If_we_let_this_situation_go_as_it_is,_we_do_not_know_where_fish_will_be_in_the_future.
19．用appeal to替换第16句中call on。
We_should_appeal_to_our_government_to_make_strict_laws_to_control_commercial_fishing.
20．用that引导的同位语从句合并第10句和第11句。
We_should_arouse_the_awareness_of_people_that_the_ocean_resources_are_vital_to_us.
21．把第17句改为倒装句。
Only_in_this_way_can_we_protect_our_ocean_resources.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用therefore， for one thing ... for another ...等词汇连句成文。
Dear_Peter，
How_are_you_doing?_You_want_me_to_introduce_commercial_fishing._Now_I_tell_you_something_about_it.
With_the_increase_of_commercial_fishing,_the_number_of_fish_has_sharply_decreased._Great_attention_has_to_be_paid_to_the_decrease_of_ocean_resources._If_we_let_this_situation_go_as_it_is,_we_do_not_know_where_fish_will_be_in_the_future._By_that_time,_our_environment_will_suffer_great_destruction.
Therefore,_it_is_necessary_for_us_to_take_effective_measures._For_one_thing,_we_should_appeal_to_our_government_to_make_strict_laws_to_control_commercial_fishing._For_another,_we_should_arouse_the_awareness_of_people_that_the_ocean_resources_are_vital_to_us._Only_in_this_way_can_we_protect_our_ocean_resources.
Yours，
Li_Hua



Ⅰ.根据提示填空
The world's stocks of seafood will have ❶dropped (下降) by 2050 at present rates of ❷destruction (destruct) by fishing, a scientist said. By 2048, to be exact, catches of all the presently fished seafoods ❸will_have_decreased (decrease) on average by more than 90 percent since 1950. The study says the loss of ❹biodiversity (生物多样性) cuts down the ability of ❺oceans (ocean) to feed the world's growing human population — expected to rise by 50 percent to nine billion in 2050.
❻Over­fishing (过度捕捞) also destroys the stability of ocean environments largely, reducing the ocean's ability to produce seafood, resist diseases, filter (过滤) ❼pollutants (污染物) and rebound (回升) from stresses such as climate change. And every species matters when it comes to the ocean's ability to repair itself, says the study.
Dr. Boris Worm, of Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, the lead author, said，“This is what is projected, not predicted, to happen. I am confident we will not go there because we will do something about it. But if this trend continues in this predictable fashion, as it has for the last 50 years, the world's currently ❽fished (fish) seafoods will have reached what we define (定义) as collapse by 2048.”
“Every year a higher percentage of the currently fished stocks collapse. We are losing it piece by piece.” Prof Callum Roberts, of the University of York, who was not involved in the study, said，“The animals and plants that inhabit the sea are not merely embellishments (装饰) to be wondered at. They are essential to the health of the oceans and well­being of human society. We need to ❾ban (禁止) destructive fishing practices and create a network of large­scale marine_reserves_(海洋自然保护区) around not just Britain, but globally.”
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
explore， animal， capture， overcome， clown fish， protect， rescue， lead a safe and quiet life
Finding Nemo tells the story of ❶clown_fish Marlin and his only son Nemo. Nemo is a clown fish in Chinese. In the sea, Marlin and Nemo ❷lead_a_safe_and_quiet_life. Like all the fathers, Marlin tries to ❸protect his son from being hurt. But Nemo is eager to ❹explore the reef (岛礁)．
One day, Nemo was ❺captured by a cruel man. Then he put Nemo and many fish to a big tank. After the coward (胆小的) father knew it, he went to ❻rescue his son and of course all the ❼animals in Barrier Reef helped him find his naughty son, Nemo. In doing so, Marlin ❽overcame his fear and rescued his son.


一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection (collect) of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required to process the food that we eat, to_recover (recover) from injury and for several other bodily functions.
3．(2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening (frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.
4．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction (attract)．
5．(2015·福建高考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to_survive (survive) is to live in harmony with nature.
6．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges (arrange) quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用pick up, persuade, make, survive, measure, trouble, present填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Getting a little closer, I realized one kayak (皮划艇) was in __47__.“Something's not right！” I took off my T­shirt and dived into the water.____________
2．(2016·天津高考)Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head — to be a swimmer. Last summer, she wanted to join our local swim team. She practiced hard and finally __19__ it.____________
3．(2015·广东高考)People are living longer because more people __8__ childhood.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood diseases.Now that the chances of dying young are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.____________
4．(2015·北京高考)Finally, the day of the party arrived. Some guests brought presents. Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to share. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, __48__ Dario's mother with a book of piano music by Chopin.____________
5．(2015·浙江高考)In a society that tends to __38__ everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our decisions in financial terms.But what about the personal and social costs involved in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.____________
6．(2014·福建高考)My father had longed to play music since childhood, but his family was poor and couldn't afford lessons. He could have gone on regretting it, as too many of us do. But though he was rooted in his past, he wasn't stuck there. When he retired three years ago, he__46__ his church music director to take him as a student.____________
7．(2012·天津高考)I tried __23__ trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.____________
答案：1.trouble　2.made　3.survive　4.presented
5．measure　6.persuaded　7.picking up


二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度

新高考下的命题新视角：海洋环境及海洋资源在人类生活中起着重要作用，有关“海洋”的话题是高考经常涉及到的话题之一，该话题主要包括海洋环境、海洋生物、海洋资源的开发利用与保护等内容。通过阅读此类话题的文章，考生可以了解与海洋相关的知识，提高其对海洋资源的保护意识。在平时的话题训练中，建议考生多关注与海洋相关的一些素材。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.
For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.
Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.
The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of －1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to －2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice­salt mixture.
The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange things made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its anti­freeze quality and a lowered freezing point.
Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules (分子) held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the anti­freeze fish glycoprotein or AFGP.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了对一种能够生活在南极冰冷海水中的鱼的研究。
1．What is the text mainly about?
A．The terrible conditions in the Antarctic.
B．A special fish living in freezing waters.
C．The ice shelf around Antarctica.
D．Protection of the Antarctic cod.
解析：选B　主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了对一种能够生活在南极冰冷海水中的鱼的研究，因此B项是文章的中心意思。
2．Why can the Antarctic cod live at the freezing temperature?
A．The seawater has a temperature of －1.88℃.
B．It loves to live in the ice­salt mixture.
C．A special protein keeps it from freezing.
D．Its blood has a temperature lower than －2.05℃.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据文中第五段的内容可知，一种特殊的蛋白质使得这种鱼可以在南极冰冷的海水中生活。
3．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．A type of ice­salt mixture. B．A newly found protein.
C．Fish blood. D．Sugar molecule.
解析：选B　代词指代题。根据文中的叙述可以判断出该物质就是帮助这种鱼生活在南极海水中的新发现的蛋白质。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
读首句(段)确定文章大意
有些文章或段落开门见山，往往在开头即段首就提出主题，也就是文章的主题句，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展文章主题句所表达的主题思想，在说明文、议论文、科技文献以及新闻报道中多采用这种形式。因此，要寻找此类文章的主旨大意就需要细心研究文章的首句或首段。如上文第1题，根据文章的首段内容可知，本文主要讲述了对一种能够生活在南极冰冷的海水中的鱼的研究，因此B项是文章的主旨大意。



Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·桂林九校联考)Scientists think they have answered a mystery: How some ocean creatures got so huge so quickly.
A few million years ago, the largest whales, averaged about 15 feet long. Then seemingly overnight, one type of whale, the toothless baleen whale (须鲸类) became huge. Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet. Nicholas Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum said，“Why is that？” “It_happened_in_the_glance_of_an_evolutionary_eye,_which makes it harder to figure out what happened，” said Graham Slater, lead author of the study. Their study has suggested an answer: Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years started it, changing the oceans and food supply for whales.
The researchers used fossil records of the smaller whales to create a family tree for baleen whales which include blue whales, humpbacks and right whales. Using computer simulations (模拟) and knowledge about how evolution works, they concluded that when the size changes started, the poles got colder, ice expanded and the water circulation in the oceans changed and winds shifted, Slater and Pyenson said cold water went deep and moved closer to the equator (赤道) and then eventually moved back up with small fish and other small animals that whales eat.
Baleen whale, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of fish they capture. Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean changes that made food less evenly spread out didn't affect them as much. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.
Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences calls it “a really convincing situation”. But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue. As oceans warm from man­made climate change, the seas will be more like it was when the whales were smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。以鲸鱼为例说明了海洋生物生长变快变大的原因，并阐述了气候变化才引起了海洋变化，造成鲸鱼变小，生存困难，呼吁人们保护环境和动物。
1．What does the author mean by “It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye” in the second paragraph?
A．The change of baleen whales happened too quickly.
B．The change of baleen whales was too difficult to explore.
C．Researchers paid little attention to the change of baleen whales.
D．Researchers thought the change of baleen whales was unimportant.
解析：选A　句意理解题。根据画线句的下半句“which makes it harder to figure out what happened”可知，这使得想要弄清楚发生的事情更艰难，因此推断这种变化在进化的发展中只是匆匆一瞥，表示发生速度很快，故选A。
2．What played the key role in baleen whales' becoming huge?
A．Man­made climate change.
B．Its eating a huge amount of fish.
C．The water circulation in the oceans.
D．The increase of food supply for whales.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句和第四段最后一句“But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.”可推断，因为海水流向和鲸鱼食物来源的变化，须鲸能捕获更多食物，因此体积变大，故选D。
3．What do we know about sperm whales and blue whales according to the text?
A．Sperm whales eat more food.
B．Blue whaler live much longer.
C．Sperm whales prefer to hunt schools of fish.
D．Blue whales usually swallow schools of fish.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和最后一句以及第四段第二、三句可知，blue whales属于baleen whales，因此推断抹香鲸捕食单个的鱼类，而蓝鲸和须鲸捕获鱼群，故选D。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．There are no whale fossils now.
B．The whales may become even bigger.
C．Global warming has threatened the whales.
D．Oliviert Lamber thinks the study is perfect.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，天气变化引起海洋变化，结果导致鲸鱼变小，很难生存，故选C。
B
(2019·名校原创预测卷六)On a hot evening in September, the Highland High School team was pronouncing to win its first game of the season.“I was really excited，” said Highlanders linebacker Ryan Ferrini.“This was the game when it finally came together.” With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High School team up 29－28, all the Highlanders had to do was go one yard for a touchdown to seize a dramatic come­from­behind victory.
On the previous play, after the Highlanders had driven the ball deep into the Tompkins' territory (防守区), quarterback Will Gentry had connected with receiver Austin Brauweiler at the three­yard line.As Brauweiler turned upfield, a Tompkins' defender delivered a hit, knocking them both to the ground at the one­yard line.
“There was a huge force, as if a truck had hit me，” said Brauweiler, who suffered from the collision (撞击)．But it was the Tompkins' player who got the worst of it.He lay still on the ground and a doctor had been called.That's when the Tompkins' coach walked across the field and told Highlanders coach Colschen that his players were too upset to finish the game and they would lose the game.
“In life, the well­being of others is what's important, not the scoreboard.” said Colschen.He gathered his Highlanders and told them it was time to support their grieving (悲伤的) competitors.They agreed.
After the injured player was airlifted to a hospital, the two teams took the field again.The Highland team's teammates took a knee and didn't start any action, only waiting to the game clock hit zero.Game over.
“What my players did was amazing，” said Colschen.“I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一场比赛中发生了双方队员相撞事件后，其中一方的队员为了尊重对方队员将最后的比赛时间耗尽的故事。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．The match was coming to an end.
B．The match would end the football season.
C．The Highlanders is a difficult team to beat.
D．The Tompkins was confident of victory in the final.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High School team up 29－28”可知，比赛快要结束了。故选A。
6．Who was most injured in the collision?
A．A Highlanders' player.
B．A Tompkins' defender.
C．Austin Brauweiler.
D．Will Gentry.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a Tompkins' defender delivered a hit, knocking them both to the ground at the one­yard line”以及第三段中的“it was the Tompkins' player who got the worst of it”可知，是Tompkins的防守队员受伤最为严重。故选B。
7．Why did the Highlanders take no action until the end of the game?
A．Because they had already won it.
B．Because one of their players got injured.
C．Because they were given an unfair judgment.
D．Because they cared and respected their competitors.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四、五段的内容以及最后一段中的“I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others”可知，在相撞事件发生后，Highlanders的队员们认为在比赛中身体健康才是最为重要的，所以Highlanders的队员们在比赛结束前任凭时间一分一秒过去而不采取任何行动，这也是为了安慰因队友受伤而伤心的对方队员们，表示对对手的尊重。故选D。
8．What message is conveyed in the passage?
A．More haste, less speed.
B．All men cannot be first.
C．Better to be safe than sorry.
D．Friendship first, competition second.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The Highland team's teammates took a knee and didn't start any action, only waiting to the game clock hit zero”和最后一段中的“they were thinking not about themselves but about others”可以看出，在双方的竞争中，Highland高中的队员们没有一味地为了追求成功而不顾对方的感受，相反，他们把对对手的尊重置于个人的荣誉之上，这传达出的正是“友谊第一，比赛第二”的精神。故选D。A项意为“欲速则不达”；B项意为“不可能人人得第一名”；C项意为“安全胜过遗憾”。
C
(2019·名校原创预测卷八)With their large glass windows and clear views of the hospital's newest arrivals, it's hard to imagine hospitals without newborn nurseries. But how did this slightly unusual, if precious, concept of putting babies on show come into being?
Well, they're not really for putting babies on show. Firstly, they were created as an area for nurses to take care of all of the new babies, separate from their mothers. Newborn nurseries have been around pretty much since moms started having babies in hospitals. In the early 1900s, hospitals replaced homes as the primary place to give birth. Hospitals built maternity wards (产科病房), and those wards had nurseries with windows.
According to Smithsonian. com, a 1943 publication gave two main purposes for the nurseries. The first purpose was to allow the relatives to see the new babies. The windows, however, were to keep the babies safe and clean while they were being admired by relatives. And that sanitary concern is right and reasonable. Babies' immune systems (免疫系统) are not yet developed, which has to do with the frightening reason you should be careful about letting people kiss your new baby. However, the Smithsonian. com article does admit that solid walls would be even more effective at keeping bacteria and viruses out than windows. Not to mention they would be more cost­effective. So, yeah ... the primary purpose is still to look at the cute babies. Some hospitals would offer individual viewings so that relatives could have some quality time with their new member. In the mid­ to late twentieth century, these nursery viewings were often the first time fathers got to see their new babies.
Today, though, the nurseries mean a lot to many hospital visitors and family members. Dotti James claims that “the nursery window has become a destination for patients and families from other parts of the hospital experiencing a health crisis ... Standing outside the nursery, seeing the babies ... can give hope to families trying to deal successfully with something difficult.” It's pretty much a universal truth that healthy babies are an immediate mood booster (令人鼓舞的事情)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了医院设立育婴室的原因，育婴室的发展及作用等。
9．What's the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To attract readers' interest.
B．To summarize the whole passage.
C．To provide background information.
D．To introduce the theme of the passage.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段的内容，尤其是“But how did this slightly unusual, if precious, concept of putting babies on show come into being”及下文内容可知，文章第一段主要是用来引出文章主题的。故选D。
10．What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A．Kissing new babies may cause them harm.
B．Safety is the main focus of newborn nurseries.
C．Nurseries with windows are more cost­effective.
D．Fathers were the last to see new babies decades ago.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Babies' immune systems (免疫系统) are not yet developed, which has to do with the frightening reason you should be careful about letting people kiss your new baby”可知，新生儿的免疫系统还没有发育成熟，因此在让别人亲吻新生婴儿时要特别小心。由此可推知，亲吻新生婴儿有可能会对他们造成伤害。故选A。
11．What's Dotti James's attitude towards newborn nurseries?
A．Positive. B．Doubtful.
C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段中Dotti James所说的话可知，Dotti James认为，站在育婴室的窗外看着新生婴儿能够给努力应对困境的人们以希望，因此Dotti James对于为新生儿设立育婴室是持积极态度的。故选A。
12．What's the purpose of the passage?
A．To show the benefits of newborn nurseries.
B．To stress the importance of newborn nurseries.
C．To explain why hospitals set up newborn nurseries.
D．To state some misunderstandings of newborn nurseries.
解析：选C　写作意图题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了医院设立育婴室背后的故事，故C项最能概括作者写作本文的意图。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·名校原创预测卷四)To make sure that the foods are delicious and safe, the Food and Drug Administration provides several tips to reduce the risk of the most common foodborne illnesses.
__1__ Bacteria can spread throughout the kitchen and get onto cutting boards, knives, and counter tops.To avoid the risk of foodborne illnesses, people should pay special attention to the handling and preparation of foods.
Keep foods apart.Bacteria can spread from one food product to another.This is especially true for raw meat and seafood.__2__
Put foods in a refrigerator without delay.Public health officials advise consumers to refrigerate foods quickly.__3__ Refrigerators should be set at 40 degrees F and the freezer at 0 degrees F, and the accuracy of the settings should be checked now and then.
Keep foods at a safe temperature during thawing (解冻)．Let's take turkey for example.Thawing the turkey completely before cooking is important and necessary to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses.__4__ For example, a 20­pound turkey needs two to three days to thaw completely when thawed in the refrigerator at a temperature of no more than 40 degrees F.
__5__ Foods are properly cooked when they are heated for a long enough time and at a high enough temperature to kill the harmful bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses.
A．Cook to proper temperatures.
B．So keep them away from ready­to­eat foods.
C．Wash hands and food contact surfaces often.
D．Washing hands before meals is good for health.
E．So allow the correct amount of time to thaw a whole turkey.
F．The turkey is done when the temperature reaches 180 degrees F.
G．That's because cold temperatures stop most harmful bacteria growing.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种避免食源性疾病的方法。
1．解析：选C　根据空后的内容可知，细菌会在整个厨房内传播，切菜板上、厨房刀具上和厨房台面上都可能会有细菌，C项中的“food contact surfaces”与下文中的“cutting boards, knives, and counter tops”相对应，故C项“经常洗手并清洗接触食物的物体表面”符合语境。
2．解析：选B　根据本段的主题句“Keep foods apart”可知，本段主要讲的是要把食物分开放置，再结合空前的“Bacteria can spread from one food product to another.This is especially true for raw meat and seafood”可知，生肉、海鲜特别容易传播细菌，因此应该把它们与其他食物分开放置。故B项“因此要把它们和立即可食的食物分开放置”符合语境。B项中的“them”指代的就是上文中的“raw meat and seafood”。
3．解析：选G　根据本段的主题句“Put foods in a refrigerator without delay(将食物立即放进冰箱)”及公共卫生官员建议人们快速冷藏食物的内容可知，空处应该是说明这样做的原因，故G项“那是因为低温可以阻止最有害的细菌生长”符合语境。
4．解析：选E　根据空前一句可知，在烹饪前完全解冻火鸡对降低患食源性疾病的风险很重要，再结合下文中所举的例子可知，空处说的应是要有一定的时间来使一整只火鸡解冻。故E项符合语境。
5．解析：选A　根据空后的内容可知，当食物被加热到足够的时间时，食物就被做好了，而且足够高的温度能够杀死那些引发食源性疾病的细菌。因此本段主要讲的应是烹饪时要达到一定的温度，故A项符合语境。