2020版高考英语新增分大一轮译林（江苏）版语法专题讲义：专题十

专题十　形容词和副词

形容词和副词的核心考点
1.形容词和副词的作用与位置
形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记：
(1)形容词短语作定语，定语后置。
a task difficult to finish
(2)表语形容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。
(3)用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，no，any，some和every构成的复合词如anything，something等时，通常后置。
I have something important to tell you.
(4)else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。
(5)enough修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置。
(6)几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。
We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.
(7)频度副词如often，always，usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。
(8)副词作定语，定语后置。
The person there is waiting for you.
(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词＋大小、长短或高低词＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。
a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella
(10)以-ly结尾的词性辨析。
①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。
②表原意(无-ly)和引申意(有-ly)的副词：




③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：




题组训练1
选词填空
sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，particular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite

1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is quite another to play it well yourself.
2.The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was steady，though slow.
3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character；however，they are not always permanent.
4.The state-run company is required to make its accounts as transparent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
5.The house was too expensive and too big.Besides，I’d grown fond of our little rented house.
6.She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job.
7.In that school，English is compulsory for all students，but French and Russian are optional.
8.Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
9.I’ve been writing this report occasionally for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
10.Nowadays，there is a sharp increase in children’s creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
2.形容词和副词的比较等级
(1)原级的构成和用法。
构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。
用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as)＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数＋as＋原级形容词/副词＋as”的结构。
Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.
This building looks not so(as) high as that one.
Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.
This room is three times as large as that one.
(2)比较级和最高级的构成。
掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。
(3)比较级的用法。
①表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级＋than”的结构表示。
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示。
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修饰。
He works even harder than before.
注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even，still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“……一些”或不译出，一般不可用“更”。
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
(B)by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(主语＋谓语)”的结构(意为“越……越……”)。
The harder he works，the happier he feels.
⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级＋and＋比较级”的结构。
The weather is getting colder and colder.
⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)，superior(较好的，优于……)，junior(资历较浅的)，senior(资格较老的)，prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.
⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one) on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧倍数表达法。
(A)A is three (four，etc.) times the size(height，length，etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
(B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(C)A is three (four，etc.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。
(4)最高级的用法。
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the＋最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
②最高级可被序数词以及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等词语所修饰。
This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.
③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。
He is the tallest (boy) in his class.
⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。
Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
⑥否定词＋比较级＝最高级
He has never spent a more worrying day.

(5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。
①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。
②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。
He is a most clever young policeman.(most＝very)
The film is most interesting.(most＝very)
③表示两者间“较……的一个”，比较级前加the。
Who is the older of the two boys?
④在“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构中。
The more，the better.
(6)由as组成的形容词或副词短语。
①as much as＋不可数名词 数量多达
Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.
She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.
②as many as＋可数名词 数量多达
I have as many as sixteen reference books.
③as early as早在
As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.
④as far as远到；就……而知(论)
We might go as far as(走到) the church and back.
As far as I know(就我所知)，he has been there before.
⑤may(might，could) as well不妨，不如
Then you might as well stay with us here.
⑥as...as one can尽某人所能的……
They are as unreliable as they can be.
He began to run，as fast as he could.
⑦as...as possible尽可能……的
Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.
题组训练2
1.The longer you stay(你待的时间越长)，the better it will be.
2.The new city is becoming more and more beautiful (变得越来越美丽了).
3.China is larger than any other country in Asia (比亚洲任何其他国家都大).
4.The taller of the two boys(这两个男孩中较高的那个) is my brother.
5.The road is five times as long as that one.(同义句改写)
The road is five times the length of that one.
The road is four times longer than that one.
3.几组重要的词语辨析
(1)very和much的区别。
①可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。
②表示状态的过去分词前用very。如a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very complicated problem。一般情况下，以-ing，-ed结尾的分词多用much，very much，greatly等修饰。
We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.
I was much amused by Jack’s attitude.
③已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。
④too前用much，a lot或far，不用very。如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另外，在too many/much，too few/little前用far。
There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days.
We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.
⑤关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：(a)修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very，而用quite，completely，well，entirely。如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect等。(b)修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth，much the same，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening。
(2)so...that...与such...that...的区别。


注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such，当名词前有many，much，little，few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如so much progress，so many people，so little food，so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem，so difficult problems，so hot weather。
(3)其他几组词的辨析。
①ago，before：ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。
②already，yet，still：already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。
③too，also，either：too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。
④good，well：与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。
⑤quick，fast：作形容词皆表示“快”。fast多指运动的物体，含持续的意思。quick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。
⑥real，true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；true指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。
⑦hard，difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。

1.Despite the poor service of the hotel，the manager is          to invest in sufficient training for his staff.(2018·江苏，34)
A.keen B.reluctant
C.anxious D.ready
答案　B
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：虽然宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。reluctant意为“不情愿的”，符合语境。keen渴望的，着迷的；anxious担心的，焦虑的；ready准备好的，愿意的。
2.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death，smart-phones defeated          PCs in sales.
(2017·江苏，29)
A.controversial B.contradictory
C.confidential D.conventional
答案　D
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年之后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机)，与之对应的PCs(personal computers)应该用形容词conventional修饰，表示“传统的”。controversial有争议的；contradictory自相矛盾的；confidential机密的。故选D。
3.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But         
explanations are hard to find.(2017·江苏，34)
A.alternative B.aggressive
C.ambiguous D.apparent
答案　A
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞，但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(not necessarily)呼应，这里用alternative表示“另外的，可替代的”。aggressive好斗的，挑衅的；ambiguous模棱两可的，不明确的；apparent显而易见的，明白的。
4.—I want to see Mr White.We have an appointment.
—I’m sorry，but he is not          at the moment，for the meeting hasn’t ended.(2017·天津，3)
A.busy B.active
C.concerned D.available
答案　D
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：——我想见怀特先生。我们已经约好了。——很抱歉，但是此刻他没空(available)，因为会议还没有结束。D项available可表示“(人)有空的”，符合语境。busy忙碌的；active活跃的；concerned担忧的。
5.His comprehensive surveys have provided the most          statements of how，and on what basis，data are collected.(2016·江苏，31)
A.explicit B.ambiguous
C.original D.arbitrary
答案　A
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚的，明晰的，详述的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original起初的，原来的；arbitrary任意的，随心所欲的。
6.In this article，you need to back up general statements with          examples.(2016·浙江，16)
A.specific B.permanent
C.abstract D.universal
答案　A
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这篇文章里，你需要用具体的例子来支持你的总体性陈述。specific具体的，特定的；permanent永久的；abstract抽象的；universal通用的，普遍的。根据句意可知选A。
7.I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend          in the coming years.(2016·浙江，18)
A.little more B.no more
C.much more D.many more
答案　D
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动，希望在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。many more后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。


8.I don’t think what he said is          to the topic we are discussing.He has missed the point.
(2015·湖北，28)
A.faithful B.parallel
C.relevant D.similar
答案　C
解析　考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：我认为，他说的话与我们讨论的主题无关，他偏离了重点。be faithful to忠诚于；be parallel to与……平行，与……类似；be relevant to与……相近，与……相关；be similar to与……相似。故选C。
9.The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and          review of the case.(2015·江苏，31)
A.comprehensive B.complicated
C.conscious D.crucial
答案　A
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底和全面的审查。comprehensive综合的，广泛的；complicated复杂的；conscious有意识的；crucial至关重要的。根据and判断，所填词和thorough(彻底的，细致的)意思相近，故选A项。
10.Most of us，if we know even a little about where our food comes from，understand that every bite put into our mouths was          alive.(2015·浙江，13)
A.steadily B.instantly
C.formerly D.permanently
答案　C
解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们大多数人，如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话，就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerly以前，从前，符合语境。steadily稳固地，坚定地，不动摇地；instantly立刻，马上；permanently永久地，长期不变地。
11.Listening is thus an active，not a         ，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering.(2015·浙江，14)
A.considerate B.sensitive
C.reliable D.passive
答案　D
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动的接受，它涉及听、理解和记忆。passive被动的，消极的，与前面的active对应。considerate体贴的，体谅的；sensitive易受伤害的，易受影响的，敏感的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。
12.I’m so        to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
(2015·安徽，26)
A.special B.superior
C.grateful D.attractive
答案　C
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior优越的，超过；grateful感激的；attractive有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选C。
13.It was          of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建，23)
A.careless B.considerate
C.patient D.generous
答案　B
解析　考查形容词辨析。句意为：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb. to do sth. 这一结构。careless粗心的；considerate考虑周到的；patient有耐心的；generous慷慨的，大方的。
14.The girl used to be shy，but is          getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.(2015·湖北，29)
A.gradually B.usually
C.previously D.merely
答案　A
解析　句意为：这个女孩以前很害羞，但是正        在小组活动中变得积极起来，而且更愿意表达自己了。根据题干中的is和getting可知，这里表示循序渐进的过程，故选gradually(逐渐地)。usually通常；previously先前地；merely仅仅。
15.Andy is content with the toy.It is         he has ever got.(2015·四川，7)
A.a better B.the better
C.a best D.the best
答案　D
解析　考查形容词的最高级。句意为：Andy对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。根据上一句话可知，下一句应用最高级，故选D。
16.The idea “happiness，”        ，will not sit still for easy definition.(2014·江苏，28)
A.to be rigid B.to be sure
C.to be perfect D.to be fair
答案　B
解析　考查动词不定式短语意义辨析。to be rigid刻板地说，死板地说；to be sure诚然，的确，无可否认；to be perfect完美地说，说得完美些；to be fair公平而言，说句公道话。本句主干是The idea “happiness” will not sit still for easy definition.，其意思是：给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。根据四个动词不定式短语的意义和句子主干的意思，我们可以选择B项to be sure。综合考虑可知题干句意为：诚然，给“幸福”这一概念下定义远非易事。

17.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others         .(2014·浙江，13)
A.blindly B.unwillingly
C.closely D.carefully
答案　A
解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：教育的宗旨是教会年轻人自己思考，而不是盲从别人。blindly盲目地，符合句意。unwillingly不情愿地；closely密切地；carefully仔细地。
18.It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，        ，supply more jobs.
(2014·安徽，33)
A.however B.anywhere
C.therefore D.otherwise
答案　C
解析　考查副词词义辨析。句意为：我们希望的是，我们能在市场发挥更大的作用，因此，提供更多的就业机会。however然而，表转折关系；anywhere无论何处，表条件；therefore因此，表因果关系；otherwise否则，表相反的结果。根据句意选C。
19.My good performance in the job interview left me          about my future and about what I can do here.(2014·安徽，27)
A.puzzled B.sensitive
C.optimistic D.embarrassed
答案　C
解析　考查形容词辨析。puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed尴尬的。根据句意选C项。
20.Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it         .(2014·江西，23)
A.nowhere B.however
C.otherwise D.instead
答案　C
解析　考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处；however然而；otherwise否则，要不然；instead反而。句意为：谢谢你为我们指路，要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。

1.Professor Stanley didn’t agree with all my points but wrote a very          assessment of my paper.
A.critical B.ambiguous
C.subjective D.generous
答案　D
解析　句意为：斯坦利教授并非赞同我所有的观点，但是他给我写的论文评价多有赞誉之词。generous慷慨的，宽厚的，仁慈的，符合语境。critical批评的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含混不清的；subjective主观的。
2.It’s said that the power plant is now          large as what it was.
A.twice as B.as twice
C.twice much D.much twice
答案　A
解析　句意为：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构。故选A。
3.Since we have been friends for many years，no more of this fancy playing with words—I want some          talk here.
A.straight B.informal
C.fluent D.concrete
答案　A
解析　句意为：我们多年来一直是朋友，不要再玩文字游戏了，我想(和你)坦率地谈谈。straight 坦率的，正直的，笔直的；informal非正式的； fluent 流利的；concrete具体的。根据句意可知答案为A。
4.John had planned to make a compromise，but          he changed his mind at the last minute?
(2018·泰州中学高三上期中，32)
A.anyhow B.otherwise
C.therefore D.somehow
答案　D
解析　句意为：约翰打算妥协的，但是不知道什么缘故，在最后几分钟，他改变了主意。anyhow无论如何；otherwise否则；therefore因此；somehow不知道什么缘故。故选D。
5.Although values may be          things，it’s helpful to share them with your partner for additional support.(2018·苏锡常镇四市一调)
A.terminal B.personal
C.crucial D.practical
答案　B
解析　句意为：虽然价值观可能是个人的事情，但与你的伙伴分享这些价值观来获得额外的支持是很有帮助的。terminal不治的，晚期的；personal个人的；crucial至关重要的，关键性的；practical实践的，实际的，切实可行的。根据句意可知，应选B。
6.Don’t always put me on the spot like this.You know，because of my duty，I can’t give away          information to you.(2018·泰州中学高三上期中，24)
A.contemporary B.conventional
C.confidential D.consistent
答案　C
解析　句意为：别总是让我为难，你知道由于我的职责，我不能给你机密资料的。contemporary同时代的；conventional传统的；confidential保密的；consistent 一致的。根据语境得知泄露机密让我很为难。故选C。
7.She’s added a few characters and changed some names but          this is a true story.
A.completely B.necessarily
C.gradually D.essentially
答案　D
解析　句意为：她加了几个角色，改了几个名字。但基本上，这是个真实的故事。completely完全地；necessarily必然地；gradually渐渐地；essentially本质上地。根据句意可知选D。
8.There’s little chance that we will succeed in changing our fate.        ，it is important that we try.
A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless
C.Otherwise D.Therefore
答案　B
解析　句意为：我们能成功改变命运的机会不大，虽然如此，试一试还是很重要的。nevertheless然而，不过，虽然如此，符合句意。meanwhile同时，其间；otherwise否则，另外；therefore因此，所以。故选B项。
9.—Many a student has a          opinion of him.
—But he is spoken          of by the leaders.
A.bad；worse B.badly；highly
C.bad；more D.bad；better
答案　D
解析　句意为：——很多学生对他印象不好。——但是领导对他评价好很多。把领导的意见和学生的意见作对比。
10.It was a seemingly impossible task，but Helen，though physically challenged，carried on         ，until it was completely fulfilled.
A.instead B.yet
C.regardless D.still
答案　C
解析　句意为：这好像是不可能的任务，但是海伦，尽管是对体能的挑战，不管怎样都会继续下去直到彻底完成。instead相反；yet还；regardless不管怎样；still仍然。故选C。
11.To promote a correct understanding of the Basic Law，we need the courage to clarify some          points of view and to put the system into practice.(2017·苏州调研，22)
A.artificial B.arbitrary
C.ambiguous D.absolute
答案　C
解析　句意为：为了促进对《基本法》的正确理解，我们需要勇气来阐明一些模棱两可的观点，并将这种体制付诸实施。ambiguous模糊的，模棱两可的，符合句意。artificial人工的，人造的，矫揉造作的；arbitrary武断的，任意的；absolute绝对的，完全的。故选C。
12.Sue was greatly inspired though she made          improvements in her English writing.
(2018·南通、徐州等七市联考，24)
A.modest B.brilliant
C.tremendous D.considerable
答案　A
解析　句意为：尽管苏在她的英语书写上只取得了一点点小的进步，但她仍然备受鼓舞。modest不太大的，微小的；brilliant聪明的；tremendous巨大的；considerable可观的，相当的。故选A。
13.More and more people tend to go to E-libraries in that they have access to books when they are unable to       get to a library.(2018·南京高淳区、淮海中学、盐城中学、淳辉高中等97校联考，30)
A.accidentally B.physically
C.voluntarily D.appropriately
答案　B
解析　句意为：越来越多的人倾向于去电子图书馆，因为他们在无法去图书馆的时候也能接触到书籍。accidentally偶然地； physically身体上地； voluntarily自愿地，自发地； appropriately适当地。此处指亲身去图书馆，故选B。
14.—Mom，is it really necessary to remove those smaller weeds from the flowerbed?
—Yes，they are          destructive to the flowers.
A.little more B.no less
C.not a bit D.not in the least
答案　B
解析　句意为：——妈妈，真的有必要从花坛移除那些较小的杂草吗？——是的，它们对鲜花的破坏性是同样的。little more稍多；no less不少于，不亚于，同样……，依然……；not a bit一点也不；not in the least一点也不，绝不。根据句意可知答案为B。
15.If they throw stones at you，don’t throw back.Use them to build your own foundation         .
(2017·南京三模，27)
A.somehow B.anyway
C.instead D.nevertheless
答案　C
解析　句意为：如果他们向你扔石块，别扔回去。相反，用这些石块建造你自己的地基。instead相反，反而，此处相当于instead of throwing back，符合题意。somehow以某种方式，不知怎么地；anyhow无论如何；nevertheless然而，均不符合句意。故选C项。
16.Parents sometimes          provide target models for children in their everyday activities，so they should mind their behavior.
A.smoothly B.desperately
C.ambiguously D.unintentionally
答案　D
解析　smoothly顺利地；desperately绝望地；ambiguously含糊不清地；unintentionally无意地，非故意地。句意为：父母在他们的日常活动中有时无意中就会成为孩子们模仿的对象，所以他们应该注意自己的行为举止。故选D。
17.Now both sides are reluctant to compromise，so we’re in desperate need of a solution          to both parties.
A.subject B.essential
C.familiar D.acceptable
答案　D
解析　句意为：现在双方都不愿让步，所以我们急需一个令双方都能接受的解决方案。根据句意可知，acceptable可接受的，令人满意的，符合语境。subject可能受……影响的，易遭受……的；essential必不可少的，极其重要的；familiar熟悉的。
18.The opponent made no remarks on the conflict and we，        ，were adopting a wait-and-see attitude.
A.instead B.somehow
C.however D.meanwhile
答案　D
解析　句意为：对方对此次冲突没有发表评论，与此同时我们也持观望的态度。根据句意可知，meanwhile同时，与此同时，符合语境。instead相反，而不是；somehow不知怎么地；however然而，但是。
19.I can’t thank you          much because without your help I wouldn’t have won the first prize.
A.too B.very
C.that D.so
答案　A
解析　句意为：我再怎么感激你也不过分，因为没有你的帮助我不可能赢得一等奖。cannot do something too much再怎么做某事也不过分。
20.Children are          to meet with setbacks(挫折) as they grow up so their parents don’t have to worry about it.
A.possible B.due
C.necessary D.bound
答案　D
解析　句意为：孩子在成长过程中肯定会遇到挫折，因此他们的父母没必要为此担心。be bound to do一定要……；注定。符合语境。