2020新课标高考牛津版英语第一轮总复习讲义：第2部分第八讲　名词性从句

第八讲　名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)是高考卷中的难点，一般情况下，语法填空与短文改错中会出现一道题目。书面表达中的名词性从句绝对是“增分点”。命题趋势：名词性从句的考查点主要集中在宾语从句上，特别是引导词的选择与判断，其中what和that是考查的重点。考点一　that引导的名词性从句1．that引导主语从句①That you didn't know the rules won't be the excuse for your failure.你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。②As I searched the name Linda on the Internet，it became evident that there're two with the same name who look completely different.当我在网上搜索琳达这个名字的时候，很显然有两个看着完全不同但姓名相同的人。③It is announced in today's newspaper that Trump will pay a visit to China next week.今天报纸上宣称特朗普下周将访问中国。[规律总结]连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可以省略。1．that引导主语从句位于句首时，本身无意义，但是不可以省略。2．that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：①It＋be＋形容词(obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.)＋that从句。②It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that从句。③It＋be＋过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.)＋that从句。2．that引导宾语从句①Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为必要的时候才购物可以减少食物的浪费。②Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school.汤姆是个很棒的男孩，除了有时候上学迟到外。③I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.我发现我们有必要花更多时间练习英语口语。[规律总结]1．常见的可以接that(that可以省略)从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know，imagine，discover，believe，tell，show，think，consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。2．that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句①My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。②He has made a promise to his boss that he'll return in three days as long as he can get to the destination in time.(同位语从句)他向他的老板承诺只要他能及时到达目的地就会在三天后回来。[规律总结]1．that引导表语从句时，一般不能省略。2．that引导同位语从句时，放在某些抽象名词如fact，hope，desire，thought，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但一般不能省略。考点二　whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句①It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice.(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。③The question is whether it is worth trying.(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)问题是值不值得试一试。④He asked her the question whether they can be friends.(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)他问了她一个问题：他们能否成为朋友。⑤I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.(介词后的宾语从句中，不可用if代替whether)我担心他是否能熬过这次病危。[规律总结]1．whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。(1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether；(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。2．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。考点三　who，why，how，where，when等引导的名词性从句①As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.普韦布洛印第安人确切地知道，要想使这个循环大部分时间都在运行，土坯墙需要多厚。②When opportunity knocks，please answer the door.Don't keep asking who it is.当机会来敲门时，请开门，不要总是问那是谁。③I don't know why it was that our headmaster was absent from such an important meeting.我不知道到底为什么我们的校长会缺席如此重要的会议。④Some students even have no idea of why they are studying，so they waste much time playing.有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。⑤We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。[规律总结]1．who，why，how，where，when等引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。2．能接who，why，how，where，when等引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有see，tell，ask，answer，know，decide，imagine，suggest，doubt，wonder，show，discuss，understand，inform，advise等。3．who，why，how，where，when等可引导介词的宾语从句。4．who，why，how，where，when等还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。考点四　what，wh­ever引导的名词性从句①“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(表语从句)“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。③We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.(宾语从句)我们承诺无论谁参加晚会，都有一次机会与这位电影明星合影。④Whatever/No matter what you say，I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，我都不相信。[规律总结]1．what引导名词性从句时，what可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。2．“疑问词＋­ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。3．“疑问词＋­ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。考点五　同位语从句与定语从句的区别①The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句，进一步解释the news的内容)他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。[规律总结]1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可以省略。2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.2．(2018·辽宁重点高中协作校段考)Ann stepped outside the front door to see ________ the weather was like.3．(2017·山东济南一中月考)________ you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it up again.4．(2017·高考天津卷)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.5．(2016·高考天津卷)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.6．(2015·高考北京卷)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.7．(2015·高考安徽卷) A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not ________ ships are built for.8．(2015·高考浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.9．(2015·高考福建卷)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.10．(2015·高考湖南卷)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】1.which　2.what　3.What　4.whether　5.when　6.that 或不填　7.what　8.what　9.how　10.whereⅡ.单句改错1．(2018·河南南阳一中第三次模拟考试) And that's which I want to do: make a difference to them and let them know that people do care._____________________________________________________________2．(2018·沈阳铁路实验中学月考)The reason for this is why I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems._____________________________________________________________3．(2018·豫西南部分示范性高中联考) I'd appreciate it that you could be so kind to give me some useful advice._____________________________________________________________4．(2016·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ) The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday._____________________________________________________________5．The last moment for the football players was that they scored the winning goal._____________________________________________________________【答案】1.which→what　2.why→that　3.that→if4．how→what　5.that→whenⅢ.语法填空AI am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorly­dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1.________ he was.We wondered 2.________ he was so hungry.We were surprised 3.________ he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.________ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.________ he took out of a letter——a million pound bank note.I asked Mr.Clements 7.________ it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.________ the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false.9．________ a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe 10.________ excited I was.【答案】1.who　2.why　3.that　4.whether/if　5.whether/if　6.that　7.whether/if　8.what　9.Why　10.howBMiss Lee and her classmate Mary went to Guizhou and worked as volunteer teachers 1.________ they graduated from university.It took them three hours to reach the top of the mountain from 2.________ they could see the whole village and the school 3.________ they were looking forward to for long.The moment they arrived at the school 4.________ there were beautiful flowers and tall trees，they felt quite relieved.5.________ impressed them most was 6.________ the students studied extremely hard though they even lacked textbooks.It struck them 7.________ they had collected some textbooks and cartoon books 8.________ they came to the school.There is no denying the fact 9.________ Lee and Mary would never forget the big smiles on the students' faces 10.________ encouraged them a lot.【答案】1.after　2.where　3.that/which　4.where5．What　6.that　7.that　8.before　9.that　10．which/that