2020高考英语新创新大一轮复习人教全国版讲义：写作增分自主化第三编第一讲词汇营造亮点4角度

要想作文得高分，首先要让作文的亮点飞。如果作文没有一点萤萤亮点，那作文只能在基础等级徘徊。如何营造些许亮点，本部分从两大方面词汇、句式、18个角度给予细化讲解。 第一讲  词汇营造亮点4角度 扮亮词汇(一)　特别的爱给特别的你——名词名词属于实词，名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称，名词同时也分为专有名词和普通名词。名词用得好更能出众脱俗，让阅卷老师眼前一亮。名词的种类：普通名词专有名词可数名词不可数名词专门指代某一人、物、地点等的名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词 [典题1]　(一般词)Now we have a chance to develop a greater understanding of each other.(高级词)Now we have an opportunity to develop a greater understanding of each other.现在我们有一个好机会，可以大大增进对彼此的了解。[典题2]　(一般词)There are four basic choices; they are described briefly below.(高级词)There are four basic alternatives; they are described briefly below.有四个基本的选择，简述如下。高中阶段常见的名词及名词短语类写作高级词汇①机会 chance→opportunity②选择 choice→alternative③课程 course→curriculum④影响 effect→influence/impact⑤后果 result→consequence⑥缺点 shortcoming→drawback⑦方法way→approach⑧职业career→profession⑨建议advice→guidance⑩老人old people→the old/the elderly/the aged/senior citizens⑪青少年young people→youngsters/youths/adolescents⑫几天前a few days ago→the other day⑬一个表现好的孩子a child who behaves in a proper way→a well­behaved child [专题过关训练]先用所给的词补全句子，然后对该词进行升级1．因此，我没有足够的时间去锻炼。As_a_result,_I don't have enough time to take exercise.(result)→As_a_consequence,_I don't have enough time to take exercise.2．所有学校都设有音乐和舞蹈课。All the schools have music and dancing classes as_parts_of_the_course.(course)→All the schools have music and dancing classes as_parts_of_the_curriculum.3．他们称他们期望这次会议会对国家的未来产生显著影响。They say they expect the meeting to have_a_marked_effect_on_the_future of_the_country.(effect)→They say they expect the meeting to have_a_marked_impact/influence_on_the_future_of_the_country.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)最重要的是，老人通常是最先品尝桌上食物的人，因为他们在中国受到很好的尊重。Most importantly, old_people_are_usually_the_first_to_taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.(old people)→Most importantly, the_old/the_elderly/the_aged/senior_citizens_are_usually_the_first_to_taste the food served on the table because they are well respected in China.5．(2018·天津高考书面表达)因此，我认为这不仅是你展示自己才华的黄金机会，同时也可以为我们提供建议。Therefore, I think not_only_will_it_be_a_golden_chance_for_you_to_show_your great_talent,_but_also_you_can_offer_us_advice.(chance, advice)→Therefore, I think not_only_will_it_be_a_golden_opportunity_for_you_to_show_your great_talent,_but_also_you_can_offer_us_guidance.6．在这类职业中，只有20%的岗位是由女性担任的。Only_20_percent_of_jobs_in_the_careers are held by women.(career)→Only_20_percent_of_jobs_in_the_professions are held by women.7．激励这些年轻人的不是对成就的渴望，而是对失败的恐惧。These_young_people_are_motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.(young people)→These_youngsters/youths/adolescents_are_motivated not by a desire to achieve, but by fear of failure.8．我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。We will be exploring different_ways_to_gather_information.(way)→We will be exploring different_approaches_to_gathering_information. 扮亮词汇(二)　炫酷亮闪你的眼——动词(短语)动词根据其后是否能跟宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)，缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。[典题1]　(一般词)He likes playing football, which is his favourite.(高级词)He is fond of playing football, which is his favourite.他喜欢踢足球，这是他最喜欢的运动。[典题2]　(一般词)As for me, I believe that the number of tourists should be limited for the following reasons.(高级词)As for me, I'm firmly convinced that the number of tourists should be limited for the following reasons.就我而言，我坚定地认为游客的数量应得到限制，理由如下。高中阶段常见的动词及动词短语类写作高级词汇 ①看见see→catch sight of②遇见meet→come across③引起cause→lead to/result in/give rise to④拥有have→possess⑤提高develop/improve→promote⑥替代replace→substitute⑦面对face→be faced with⑧容忍bear→put up with⑨处理do with→deal with/cope with⑩决定decide→determine/make up one's mind⑪考虑consider→take into account/consideration⑫应该should→be supposed to⑬理解understand→make sense of/figure out⑭使用use→employ/make use of/take advantage of⑮道歉apologize→make an apology⑯记住remember→keep in mind⑰发生happen→occur/come about⑱想起think of→occur to/come up with⑲感谢thank→appreciate⑳帮助某人help sb.→do sb.a favor节省save→set aside参观visit→tour/pay a visit to分发hand out→distribute站起来stand up→get to one's feet习惯于be used to→be accustomed to一定be sure to→be bound to为……做准备prepare for→make preparations for/be prepared for反对be against→object to厌烦be bored with→be fed up with/be tired of忙于be busy in (with)→be occupied in (with)/be buried in/be engaged in闻名be famous for→have a reputation for感到舒服feel comfortable→feel at ease美化学校make the school beautiful→beautify the school置若罔闻refuse to listen to→turn a deaf ear to成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it想做某事want to do sth.→seek/intend/desire to do sth.照看look after→attend to尽力做某事try one's best to do sth.→spare no effort to do sth.向某人寻求帮助ask someone for help→turn to sb.for help我认为I think→in my opinion/as far as I'm concerned [专题过关训练]Ⅰ.选用方框中的短语替换下列句中加黑部分put up with， consist of， be devoted to， make use of， fix one's eyes upon1．The little boy looked at the picture on the wall.fixed_his_eyes_upon2．The small group has six people.consists_of3．She was afraid she couldn't bear the pain.put_up_with4．All his life was given to the Party's educational cause.was_devoted_to5．We will use her vast experience.make_use_ofⅡ.请用高级词汇替换下列句中加黑部分1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)I will be grateful if you could offer me the opportunity.give_me_a_kind_consideration2．(2016·北京高考书面表达)Our class thought of the idea to make better use of used materials.came_up_with3．(2015·湖南高考书面表达)At the same time, I decided to study harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.made_up_my_mind4．We'll try our best to develop the traditional friendship between us.promote5．Would you please help me to turn down the radio？do_me_a_favor6．Developing very quickly, the Internet causes the breakdown of face­to­face communication.gives_rise_to7．When you are bored with the people sometimes, you'd better find a quiet place, listening to some classical music.fed_up_with8．So far as I know, everyone of them wants to be a model student.intends_toⅢ.用所给动词的高级词汇补全句子1．几天前我在你的店铺买了一部手机。I purchased_a_cellphone_at_your_store the other day.(buy)2．更糟的是，暴力电子游戏可能导致进攻性行为，这比暴力电影更有害。What's worse, violent video games can_lead_to/result_in_aggressive_behaviours,_which is more harmful than violent movies.(cause)3．所有的游客都被要求不能在公园内乱扔垃圾。All the visitors were_requested_not_to_throw_litter_about in the park.(ask)4．或许我们能想到解决这个问题的更好的办法。Maybe we can_come_up_with_a_better_solution_to_the_problem.(think of)5．我们将全力以赴赶超发达的工业国家。We'll_spare_no_effort_to_catch_up_with the developed industrial countries.(try one's best)6．我们应该尝试彻底解决这个问题。We should_make_an_attempt/attempt_to_thoroughly_solve_this_problem.(try) 扮亮词汇(三)　浓妆淡抹总相宜——形容词(短语)形容词是很多语言中均有的主要词类中的一种。形容词是描述人或事物的特征、性质、属性及状态的一种开放性词类。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词。[典题1]　(一般词)Sports are helpful to building our bodies.(高级词)Sports are beneficial to building our bodies.体育运动有益于增强我们的体质。[典题2]　(一般词)He is an excellent scientist, who has made a great contribution to our country.(高级词)He is an outstanding scientist, who has made a great contribution to our country.他是一位杰出的科学家，对我们国家做出了巨大贡献。高中阶段常见的形容词及形容词短语类写作高级词汇①令人惊奇的surprising→amazing/astonishing/shocking②贫穷的poor→needy/poverty­stricken③优秀的excellent→outstanding④明显的obvious→apparent/evident⑤常见的common→universal⑥充足的enough→adequate⑦勤奋的hard­working→diligent⑧可用的useable→available⑨困难的difficult→challenging⑩坚强的strong→tough⑪重要的important→vital/significant⑫不可能的impossible→out of the question⑬有趣的interesting→absorbing/striking/appealing⑭小心谨慎的careful→cautious⑮幸运的lucky→fortunate⑯巨大的large→enormous⑰合适的proper→appropriate⑱丰富的rich→abundant⑲古老的old→ancient⑳唯一的only→unique全部的whole→entire富裕的rich→wealthy有意义的meaningful→rewarding许多的many→a large quantity of有吸引力的attractive→appealing有空的free→available有益处的be useful→be of benefit不同种类的different/kinds of→a variety of/various高兴的glad→delighted激动的excited→thrilled [专题过关训练]Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句中加黑部分1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in various activities, such as participating in some national competitions.a_variety_of2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am very glad to know you are interested in Tang poems.more_than_delighted3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I should be free any time after school next week.available4．In the coming three years, our school life will be difficult.challenging5．Developing a good habit is also very important.of_great_importance/significance6．I was excited when I heard the good news.thrilled 7．She is energetic, clever and lively.intelligent8．To our great glad, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.delighted,_appealing,_abundantⅡ.用所给形容词的高级词汇补全句子1．我的同桌是一个动人的、文雅的女孩。My deskmate is a_charming/attractive_and_elegant_girl.(beautiful)2．我的薪水不够维持一家的生活。My salary is_not_adequate_to_support_my_family.(enough)3．改变这种情形需要每个人付出很大的努力。Changing this situation requires_enormous_effort on the part of everyone.(large)4．她是一位辛勤的老师，她工作非常勤奋。She is a_diligent_teacher and she is_diligent_in_her_work.(hard­working)5．所获得的经验对我们有很大价值。The experience gained will_be_of_great_value_to_us.(valuable)6．我的手机非常有用。My mobile phone is_of_great_benefit.(useful)7．由于夜里休息不好，课堂上我总是感到筋疲力尽。Not sleeping well, I always feel_exhausted in class.(tired)8．学好英语对你未来就业至关重要。Learning English well is_significant/vital_to_your_future_employment.(important)扮亮词汇(四)　不想太低调，副词及其他词放大招大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。写作时恰当得体地使用高中学过的、别人可能想不到的高级词汇，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉，从而可以提高文章的得分档次。[典题1]　(一般词)If there is anything I can do for you, I would be very glad to help.(高级词)If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.如果有什么我能为你做的，我将非常乐意帮忙。[典题2]　(一般词)He comes to our room for a chat sometimes.(高级词)He comes to our room for a chat once in a while/occasionally.他偶尔来我们房中闲谈。高中阶段常见的副词及其他写作高级词汇①突然suddenly→all of a sudden②立即 immediately→in a flash③有时sometimes→occasionally/once in a while/from time to time④另外；况且besides→in addition/what's more/moreover⑤因此so→therefore⑥第一，首先 first→to begin/start with⑦第二，其次 second→in addition/what's more⑧最终 finally→eventually⑨和，也and→as well as⑩大多数most→the majority⑪许多 a lot of→a large quantity/amount of/endless⑫完成finish→accomplish⑬事实上in fact→as a matter of fact/actually⑭也too→as well⑮几天前a few days ago→the other day⑯故意 on purpose→deliberately/by design⑰因为 because of→on account of/due to/owing to/thanks to⑱总之 in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary⑲由……构成be made up of→consist of⑳越来越多more and more→an increasing number of否则or→otherwise/or else应当should→be supposed to如果if→suppose/supposing/on condition that即将到来coming soon→around/round the corner使某人意识到make sb. realize→raise sb.'s awareness of [专题过关训练]Ⅰ.请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分1．(2018·浙江高考写作)And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my perspective and improve my spoken English.as_well_as2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In fact, I am very fond of Tang poems.Actually3．A few days ago, I went out and I almost had an accident.The_other_day4．You must have noticed how tired he sometimes looks.occasionally/once_in_a_while5．The most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.majority 6．As high school students, we should be neatly dressed at school.are_supposed_toⅡ.用所给词的高级词汇补全句子1．我们的人口在增长，因此我们需要更多的食物。We have a growing population and therefore_we_need_more_food.(so)2．抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。Seize the chance, otherwise/or_else_you'll_regret_it.(or)3．这次比赛不仅职业运动员可以参加，而且业余运动员也可以参加。The tournament is open to amateurs_as_well_as_professionals.(and)4．第三，你们说如果我提前付费的话就可以给我打折。Thirdly, you say that there is a discount suppose/supposing_(that)_I_pay_in_advance.(if)5．我喜欢踢足球，也喜欢游泳。I like playing football and I_enjoy_swimming_as_well.(too)Ⅲ.请用高级词汇升格下面的考生作文假定你是中学生李华，家住泉州。你的英国笔友Jason来信谈到了他的家乡伦敦，并希望了解你的家乡泉州的情况。请你用英文给他写一封回信。内容包括：1．自然情况：地理位置优越、气候风景宜人等；2．发展成就：经济发展迅速、城市高楼林立等；3．存在问题：交通拥堵现象、空气污染问题等；4．对泉州发展的看法：内容由考生自己拟定。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：高层建筑 high­rise building[考生作文]Dear Jason，I'm ①very happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London.Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou.Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing ②fast during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been ③built, with high­rise buildings standing in many parts of the city.④More and more schools and hospitals are ⑤useful for the native people.It is developing into a modern and ⑥beautiful city.⑦But there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧serious air pollution, which have a bad ⑨effect on people's daily life.⑩I think Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in the future.Yours，Li Hua[升格作文]Dear Jason，I'm ①more_than happy to hear from you and know about your beautiful home city London.Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown Quanzhou.Quanzhou is a beautiful place for people to live in.Its economy has been developing ②rapidly during the past ten years.New bridges and roads have been ③set_up,_with high­rise buildings standing in many parts of the city.④An_increasing_number_of schools and hospitals are ⑤available for the native people.It is developing into a modern and ⑥attractive/charming city.⑦However,_there are still some problems, such as heavy traffic in rush hours and ⑧severe air pollution, which have a bad ⑨influence/impact on people's daily life.⑩In_my_opinion/As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_Quanzhou should develop healthily and scientifically, so that we could have a better hometown in the future.Yours，Li Hua