2021版高考英语（译林版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦学案：必修3Unit3　Backtothepast



一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．pour vi． 涌流，倾泻
vt. 倒出(液体)
2．flee vt.& vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
3．disaster n. 灾难
4．document n. 文献，文件
5．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼
6．march vi.& n. 前进，进发；游行
7．sandstorm n. 沙尘暴，风沙
8．statue n. 雕塑，雕像
9．historical adj. 历史的；与历史研究相关的
10．memorial n. 纪念馆，纪念碑
adj. 纪念的
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．lecture n. 讲座
2．found vt. 兴建，创建；建立，创办
3．gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐渐地
4．material n. 材料；物质
adj. 物质的
5．nearby adj.& adv. 在附近(的)
6．ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
7．judge v. 判断；审判
n. 法官，审判员；裁判员
8．destroy vt. 毁坏，摧毁
9．ruin n. 废墟；毁坏
vt. 破坏，毁灭
10．declare vt. 宣布，宣称
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．decorate vt.装饰，装潢→decoration n．装饰，装饰品
2．wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的→wealth n．财富，财产
3．wooden adj.木制的→wood n．木料，树林
4．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆发
5．complain vi.抱怨→complaint n．抱怨
6．expression n．表达；表情，神色→ express vt.表达，表示
7．educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家
8．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识
9._remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸→remain v．遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的
10．unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地，倒霉地；令人遗憾地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地
11．poison n．毒药，毒物vt.毒害，下毒→poisonous adj.有毒的
12．powerful adj.强有力的→power n．动力，权力

1.“走”遍天下
①wander vi.　漫步；闲逛
②pace v. 踱步；缓慢而行
③crawl v. 爬行；匍匐行进
④march v. 行军，进军
⑤rush v. 冲；奔；闯
⑥walk v. 散步；步行
2.“n.＋n.”合成词一览
①steamboat 汽船
②armchair 扶手椅
③sandstorm 沙尘暴
④teamwork 协作
⑤airfield (军用)机场
3.“仪式”面面观
①opening ceremony 开幕式
②closing ceremony 闭幕式
③wedding ceremony 结婚典礼
④funeral (ceremony) 葬礼
⑤celebration 庆典
⑥feast/banquet 宴会
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．take_over 夺取；接管
2._under_protection 受保护
3．turn_out 结果是
4．break_down 分解；失败；崩溃；抛锚
5．together_with 与……一起
6．be_divided_into 被划分为
7．on_exhibition 展出，展览
8．go_through 穿过，通过；浏览；经受
9．carry_out 执行，贯彻，完成，履行
10．in_memory_of 纪念
11．no_doubt 无疑，确实
12．rise_up_against 起义，反抗
13．stand_in_one’s_path 阻碍(某人)
14．come_down_with 患(病)
15．make_sb.aware_of 让某人意识到
16．have_enough_of 对……感到厌烦
17．take_part_in 参加
18．ahead_of 在……前面
19．less_than 少于
20．declare_war_against 向……宣战


1.“under＋n.”短语荟萃
①under protection 受保护
②under consideration 在考虑中
③under construction 在建造中
④under control 在控制中
⑤under discussion 在讨论中
⑥under guarantee 在保修期内
2.“no＋n.”短语小结
①no doubt 无疑，确实
②no wonder 难怪
③no way 没门，不行
④no hurry 不急，勿慌
⑤no problem 没问题
⑥no surprise 毫无意外
3.“对……感到厌烦”表达种种
①be/grow tired of
②be fed up with
③be bored with
④be sick of
⑤have enough of
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：介词位于句首完全倒装
Near_the_city_was_a_volcano.　离城市不远处有一座火山。
句型2：v.­ing作结果状语
It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving_empty_spaces_in_the_ash．
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
句型3：it作形式主语
It_is_believed_to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
人们认为，从公元200年到公元400年，它已被沙尘暴逐渐吞没。
句型4：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with_1，177_men_on_board．
在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 777人都沉了下去。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You also need to judge(判断) the quality and depth of your motivation.
2．The judges had different ideas about the results, so it was two hours before the results were declared(宣布)．
3．As we all know, Tsinghua University founded(成立) more than ten decades ago has developed into a world­class university.
4．We stopped at the nearby(附近的) shop to buy some drinks before climbing the mountain.
5．A new series of simple English reading materials(材料) for middle school students has come out this year.
6．(2018·北京卷)Their expressions(express)suggested they had affection for Chinese tea culture.
7．Any remaining(remain) tickets for the concert will be sold on the door.
8．His confidence built up gradually(gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.
9．Accustomed to being poor, he found it hard to adapt to a wealthy(wealth) life in a short period of time.
10．Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled(flee) the thief.
Ⅱ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is time someone made him aware of the effects of his actions.If so, he can gradually raise public moral awareness．(aware)
2．He has a wealth of experience, and often tells us that early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise.(wealth)
3．He got a little education because of poverty, so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
4．Enough rest and proper diet have brought back her strength gradually,_and it’s really a gradual process.(gradual)
Ⅲ.选词成篇
turn out; break down; together with; no doubt; take part in
During the summer holiday, I, 1.together_with some students, 2.took_part_in a voluntary activity, which focused on the education of poor children.After a hard day, we were very tired and nearly 3.broke_down. However, it 4.turned_out to be effective.There was 5.no_doubt that the activity was very significant.
take over; stand in one’s path; come down with; rise up against; in memory of
In my hometown there was a statue set up 6.in_memory_of a brave officer who called on the villagers to 7.rise_up_against the enemy in the Second World War. Even when he 8.came_down_with a serious illness, he never let it 9.stand_in_his_path. It was through thick and thin that he finally helped the villagers 10.take_over the control of our town.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．在泰山脚下坐落着一座美丽的城市——泰安。
At_the_foot_of_Mount_Tai_sits a beautiful city—Tai’an.
2．地震袭击了他的家乡，造成600多人死亡。
The earthquake struck his hometown, leaving_more_than_600_deaths．
3．令人惊讶的是他今天早上上学迟到了。
It_is_surprising_that he came late to school this morning.
4．他走出大厅，后面跟着一群记者。
He walked out of the hall with_a_crowd_of_journalists_following_him．


ruin　n．[U]毁坏；[常用复数]废墟　vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②He returned home several years later, only to be told the whole supermarket had_been_ruined(ruin) in a great fire.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他犯了个错误， 这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake, which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake, ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)

(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame/future
毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途
[佳句背诵] A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins.
许多高楼在三年前除了废墟什么也没有的地方拔地而起。
remains　n．遗迹；遗体；剩余物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·天津卷)The living environment of other species will remain unchanged(change)．
b．(四川卷)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
②It remains to_be_seen(see) whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③尽管他们有争吵，他们仍然是最好的朋友。
In spite of their quarrel, they remain_the_best_friends．

(1)remain vi． 剩下；停留；留待；保持
remain link.­v.(＋adj./n./分词/介词短语)
保持；仍然是……
remain to be done 某事有待去做
(2)remaining adj. 余下的，剩下的　
[佳句背诵] There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
人们对这一项目的实用价值仍抱有怀疑。(安徽卷)
complain　vi.抱怨；发牢骚；诉说；控诉
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷) The students began complaining about/of how cold it would be.
②In time of difficulty, what we need is not complaint(complain) to each other but understanding of each other.
③John is so offended that he threatens to make a complaint to their boss.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④一些高中学生抱怨他们没有时间阅读，因为他们有太多的家庭作业要做。
Some of the senior students complained_that_they_had_no_time_to_read because they had too much homework to do.

(1)complain (to sb.) of/about (doing) sth.
　 (向某人)投诉/抱怨(做)某事
complain (to sb.) that...
(向某人)抱怨……
(2)complaint n. 抱怨，牢骚，投诉
make a complaint to sb. about/of sth.
向某人抱怨某事　
[佳句背诵] He complained to me that he had done everything with all his strength, but failed to pass the tests. 　他向我抱怨他已经尽全力做了一切， 但是还是考试不及格。
expression　n．表达；表情，神色
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Seeing the remains of those who died in the earthquake，we have trouble finding proper words to give expression(express) to our mind.
②It’s well­known that the beauty of West Lake is beyond expression(express)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(陕西卷)我代表我校，向你表示热烈的欢迎。
On behalf of our school，I would like to_express_our_warm_welcome_to_you．

(1)beyond expression 无法表达；形容不出
give expression to 陈述；表达出
(2)express vt. 表达；表示；表露
express oneself 表达自己的思想感情　
[佳句背诵] Their answers should be based on gestures，body language and facial expression.
他们的回答应该是基于姿势、体态语言和面部表情的。
declare　vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36­year­old business.
②In 1972, President Richard Nixon declared the third Sunday of June every year to_be(be) Father’s Day in America.
③In September 1939, Britain declared_war_on_Germany(向德国宣战) after Germany invaded Poland.

declare sb./sth. to be 宣布某人/某事……
declare for/against 宣布赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare sth. open/closed 宣布……开始/结束
[佳句背诵] Li Ping, my best friend, should declare against my suggestion at the meeting.　 我最好的朋友李萍竟然在会议上宣布反对我的建议。
aware　adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and respect them.
②It is important that students develop an awareness(aware) of valuing parents’ love.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③(湖北卷)作为社会的一员， 我意识到有责任感是建设一个更好的社会所需要的。
As_a_member_of_the_society,_I_am_aware_that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.

(1)be/become aware of 知道，感觉到
be aware that... 知道……；意识到……
make sb.aware of 使某人意识到
(2)awareness n. 认识，意识
raise an awareness of... 提高……的意识　
[佳句背诵] In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.　总之，全世界的人们应该意识到水资源短缺的真实情况。(福建卷)
judge　vt.断定；判断；判决　n．裁判员；法官
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge)．
②As the saying goes，“We should never judge a person by/from his looks.”
③Judging(judge) from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don’t judge a man by his looks.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我认为，他们让一些学生带手机是错误的。
As_far_as_I_can_judge,_it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones.

(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 看法，意见；判断力；
审判，判决
[佳句背诵] I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.　我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
take over 　夺取，占据；接替；接管
[基础练习]——用take的相关短语填空
①With economy recovering，more and more workers are taken_on．
②The plane took_off in spite of the bad weather.
③Since Jerry is absent today，let’s get someone else to take_over the work where it was left off yesterday.
④I’m very sorry for having taken_up so much of your time.
⑤They will certainly need to take_in plenty of liquid.

take up 拿起；占用；从事
take on 承担；呈现；雇佣
take in 吸收，吸入；欺骗，使上当
take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；开始获得成功　
[佳句背诵] It was reported that the city had been taken over by the rebel forces.
据报道那座城市已被叛军夺取了。
in memory of　纪念；追念
[基础练习]——用右栏短语填空
①Some people are in_favour_of education reform, while others are against it.
②Could I speak to whoever is in_charge_of International Sales please?
③The couple held a dinner party in_celebration_of their wedding anniversary.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④随着端午节的临近，我们计划举行一场龙舟赛，以纪念古代著名诗人屈原。
With the Dragon Boat Festival approaching, we are planning to hold a dragon boat race in_memory_of/in_honour_of_the_famous_ancient_poet,_Qu_Yuan．

in favour of 支持；赞同；对……有利
in face of 面临；面对
in honour of 为纪念……；祝贺……；
为了向……表示敬意
in charge of 负责；掌管
in celebration of... 为了庆祝……
in search of 寻找　
[佳句背诵] They built a monument in memory of those who died in the great earthquake.
为了纪念在大地震中死去的人们，他们建了一座纪念碑。
no doubt　无疑，确实
[基础练习]——单句改错
①We have no doubt if he will succeed in the research work.if→that
②I never doubt whether special classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.whether→that
③It is no need to wait for him; he has gone abroad for long.It→There
[能力提升]——完成句子
④(广东卷)毫无疑问熬夜更有可能导致人的过分焦虑。
There_is_no_doubt_that_staying_up_is_more_likely_to result in over­anxiety.

(1)There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether... 怀疑是否……
beyond/without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don’t doubt that... 对……不怀疑
doubt whether/if... 怀疑/不相信
是否……
(3)There is no need to do sth. 做某事没必要。
There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事没意义。　
[佳句背诵] There is no doubt that children there are badly in need of care and help.
毫无疑问，那里的儿童非常需要关怀和帮助。

v．­ing形式作结果状语
(教材P43)It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.
原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving(leave) the breakfast untouched.
②I came to New York from far away to see him, only to_find(find) he had gone abroad two days before.

(1)v.­ing形式作结果状语表示一种自然而然的结果，常置于句尾。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。　
[佳句背诵] Her husband died ten years ago, leaving her with three children to look after.
她的丈夫十年前就去世了，，撇下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。
动名词的复合结构
(教材P43)The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity!
这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但那些树被砍倒了，结果这座城市被沙尘埋了起来——多么遗憾啊！
[能力提升]——完成句子
①最让那个孩子担心的是不允许他去看望生病住院的妈妈。
What worried the child most was his_not_being_allowed to visit his mother in hospital.
②他开会迟到让校长很生气。
His_being_late for the meeting made the schoolmaster very angry.

本句是but 连接的并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。
(1)在动名词的复合结构中，其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的普通格来充当。
(2)如果动名词的复合结构作主语，其逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。　
with＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材P55)In less than 9 minutes，the ship sank with 1，177 men on board.　在不到9分钟的时间里，船连同船上的1 177人都沉了下去。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average.
②a.(2018·浙江卷6月)With the night approaching(approach), I became worried and could not keep calm.
b．(山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
c．With so many essays to_write(write), she won’t have time to go shopping this morning.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)As a new stadium has been built in our school, more sports events can be held.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
(高级表达)With_a_new_stadium_built_in_our_school,_more sports events can be held.(with复合结构)

with复合结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)with＋宾语＋doing
(3)with＋宾语＋done
(4)with＋宾语＋to do　
[佳句背诵] ①He is used to sleeping with the windows open at night in the summer.
他习惯在夏天的夜晚开着窗子睡觉。
②Mr. Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.　史密斯先生手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
[名师点津] 在with复合结构中，不定式表示将来的动作；现在分词说明这一动作和前面的宾语之间是主动关系，且指这一动作正在进行；过去分词说明这一动作与前面的宾语之间是被动关系，且指这一动作已完成。


维度一　在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．It rained non­stop for half a month，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
2．Dave’s coming(come) home late worried his mother.
3．It has been more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded(found)．
4．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression(express) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
5．Unfortunately(fortune)，his father died, leaving(leave) the family even worse off.
维度二　在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．The American couple sitting next to me is complaining about the high cost of visiting Europe.
2．The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
3．Through the window I saw the girl’s room was decorated with small moons and small stars.
4．There’s some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.
5．I’d rather you got your father to take over the job now，in which case you can do everything in your power to prepare for the coming experiment.
维度三　语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are requested to make comments and express their views about the film.表达
2．(2019·北京卷)Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you’ll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.意识
3．After the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.保持
4．There is no doubt that a true friend is a person who can share your joys as well as sorrows whatever happens.无疑
维度四　易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．There is no doubt whether nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.whether→that
2．The headmaster didn’t seem to aware that there should have been so much disagreement about the decision.在to后加be
3．Judged from his expression, we know that he is pleased with it.Judged→Judging
4．Unfortunate, it rained heavily on Saturday, and I had to stay at home.Unfortunate→Unfortunately
5．Failure was slowly destroyed him.destroyed→destroying_或删除was
6．I think there is one problem remains to be solved.remains→remaining
7．After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin, but now everything has changed.ruin→ruins
8．We were taken off by his innocent, boyish looks.off→in
维度五　完成句子
1．在毕业典礼上，我们的校长要求我们提高在现代社会里的竞争意识。
At the graduation ceremony，our headmaster required us to raise_our_competitive_awareness in modern society.
2．他向我抱怨说，老师对他的学习要求太严了。
He complained_to_me_about_the_teacher，who was too strict with him in his study.
3．——我们明天做什么？
——尚不清楚会议是否会按计划举行。
—What will we do tomorrow?
—It is unclear whether the meeting will go_ahead_as_planned．
4．那位女士说她要用剩余的20美元为女儿买一份礼物。
The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with_the_remaining_20_dollars．
5．那场大火持续了近一周，没有剩下什么值钱的东西。
The fire lasted nearly a week, leaving_nothing_valuable．

提能一　语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
This morning, I planned to go to the People’s Park to enjoy myself, 1.so did Tom. On seeing the sculptures 2.founded(found) 10 years ago in 3.memory(memorize) of heroes, Tom couldn’t wait to take pictures. 4.Unfortunately(fortunate), it was at that moment 5.that we found his camera was gone. Suddenly he was aware that he might have left it in the taxi. I began 6.to_complain(complain) about his carelessness. Half an hour 7.later(late), the driver returned with the camera and you could imagine the broad smile spreading across Tom’s face 8.beyond expression. Both of us were grateful for what the driver had done. 9.There was no doubt that Tom insisted on taking a photo with him. 10.Judging (judge) from the look in the picture, he had a lot of fun today.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①古代文明的人们在世界上兴建了很多著名建筑物。
People from ancient civilization founded_many_famous_buildings．
②它们中有些逐渐成为废墟，有些仍然存在。
Some of them gradually fall_in_ruins,_while some remain today.
③为了纪念这些逝去的文明，根据文献记载，有些已经被重建或修复。
In_memory_of these lost civilizations，some of them have been rebuilt or repaired according_to_the_documents．
④由于像沙尘暴这样的自然灾害，这些遗留下的建筑物遭受到很大的破坏。
Because of natural disasters like sandstorms，the remaining buildings are_greatly_destroyed．
⑤很多研究者和学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗物。
Many researchers and scholars are_looking_for_solutions to protecting these cultural remains.
⑥越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的伟大意义并加入保护它们的行列中。
More and more people are_aware_that the cultural relics are_of_great_significance and join in protecting them.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用There is no doubt that升级句⑥
There_is_no_doubt_that_more_and_more_people_are_aware_that_the_cultural_relics_are_of_great_significance_and_join_in_protecting_them.
3．衔接成美文
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
People from ancient civilization founded many famous buildings.Some of them gradually fall in ruins, while some remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations, some of them have been rebuilt or repaired according to the documents.Because of natural disasters like sandstorms, the remaining buildings are greatly destroyed.Many researchers and scholars are looking for solutions to protecting these cultural remains.There is no doubt that more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join in protecting them.

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形
阅读理解
A
(2020·合肥高三质检)Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world. They range from the 1960s Nubian campaign to safeguard Ancient Egyptian monuments from the waters of the Aswan Dam to the removal in 2018 of the Belize Barrier Reef from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Conservation is the core purpose of the World Heritage Convention and it may also be its biggest challenge.
The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development. A year after Vienna was included on the World Heritage List in 2001, the World Heritage Committee(WHC) expressed concerns about the architectural solutions and height of four planned towers of the Wien Mitte project. This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna in the site’s buffer zone, the one that lies between two or more other areas, affected the urban scale(规模) and visual effects in and around the property(地产). As a result of the Committee’s concerns, Vienna changed its building modes and launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.
The successful practice inspired the government of the city to invite over 600 experts and professionals from 55 countries to an international conference on World Heritage and contemporary architecture, held in Vienna in May 2005. The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development, was recorded in the UNESCO Recommendation in 2011.
The Recommendation put forwards an all­round and combined approach to balancing urban heritage conservation and economic development, arguing that active protection and management of urban heritage supports the goal of sustainable development. The Recommendation supports the harmonious combination of contemporary involvement into the historic urban framework while holding on to values linked to history, memory and the environment.
【解题导语】　本文通过讲述一些具体的例子来倡导对遗产进行有效保护和可持续发展。
1．Why does the author mention the Belize Barrier Reef in paragraph 1?
A．To explain the goal of the organization.
B．To encourage the public to protect the world.
C．To show the positive effect of conservation.
D．To remind people of the environmental problems.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Examples of effective conservation of places matter to the world.”以及其和第二句之间的关系可推知，第二句所列举的例子是在证明这个观点，故选C。
2．Why was WHC worried about the Wien Mitte project?
A．Because it took up too much public land of the city.
B．Because it had a bad effect on the Historic Centre of Vienna.
C．Because its original designs were not environmentally friendly.
D．Because its architectural solutions couldn’t meet safety standards.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This development project, close to the Historic Centre of Vienna...launched a new design competition for the Wien Mitte project to work out architectural plans with reduced size in keeping with World Heritage protection.”可知，WHC之所以对Wien Mitte项目担忧是因为该项目对维也纳历史中心有不好的影响。
3．What did the global discussion focus on?
A．The ways to combine conservation and development.
B．The creation of the new UNESCO Recommendation.
C．The international urban management and development.
D．The styles of the contemporary architecture of Vienna.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“The global discussion that followed, detailing an approach to managing conservation and development”可知，这次全球讨论的焦点是详述遗产保护和发展的方法。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To examine the challenges faced by global urban planners.
B．To introduce alternative ways of protecting the environment.
C．To stress the importance of the value of history and memory.
D．To promote active conservation and sustainable development.
D　解析：写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The following example shows how successes at specific sites now serve as models for conservation and sustainable development.”并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文旨在提倡对遗产的有效保护和可持续发展。A项错在是为了检验全球城市规划者所面临的挑战，这只是其中例子所体现的问题，而非作者所表达的关键所在；B项错在为了引进保护环境的其他方法，文中未提及；C项错在为了强调历史和记忆价值的重要性，与主题无关，故排除。
B
(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi. However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．
Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and their cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “I thought it was a log，” Caid said. “I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it.” The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.
“They didn’t expect to find that，” Michael’s mom said. “Now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they’re digging up when they are digging and playing.”
“We’ve gotten a lot of petrified(石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that’s what I thought it was，” the brothers’ mother said. “This is our first set of teeth we’ve found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.”
They were exploring near the brothers’ home. It’s surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology(古生物学负责人) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual”．
The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths(猛犸)．
【解题导语】　美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸。他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。
5．How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon?
A．With great efforts. B．By chance.
C．Instructed by an expert. D．Through imagination.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves...discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon(乳齿象)．”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。
6．The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it ________．
A．helps people to know more about the Civil War
B．teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings
C．promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures
D．attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science
C　解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“who first identified the bone as a ‘very mature individual’”并结合倒数第一段可知，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the article?
A．Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi
B．Not Petrified Wood nor Civil War Relics
C．First Identifying Bone as a “Very Mature Individual”
D．Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone
D　解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。
完形填空
(2020·大连一模)Being jobless for the last three months, I am upset nowadays. My son has lost his __1__ from a good school and he might have to go to a less qualified school. I have moved from a spacious(宽敞的) apartment to a small one in order to __2__ my living expenses. My wife has built extra stress. On top of that, my father­in­law __3__ a week ago, which has added fuel to fire, __4__ our family into a more terrible state.
In these circumstances I have two mental __5__： either to feel upset and keep losing my peace of mind, or __6__ my negative thoughts with super mental powers about self­confidence and consistency, and __7__ applying for new jobs with positive attitude.
I choose the second option because I believe that the pain I am __8__ today will build up my __9__. My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) __10__ man one day. I understand that good and bad stages are parts of __11__. While good times make me happy, bad times __12__ the “inner” me.
Two months later, __13__， I have finally landed a job which is very exciting and offers a nice salary. Time has healed my wife’s mental stress __14__ the death of her father. My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still __15__！
As I am back on the track of normal life, I can __16__ say that the most important things that helped me __17__ the crisis(危机) were my consistent character of patience, and __18__ attitude towards life. So, while I wish you all the best life can __19__ you, I would highly recommend taking the same attitude towards life __20__ you are trapped in any of such situations.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要通过讲述作者成功应对困境的故事从而启迪读者要一直保持积极的生活态度。
1．A.admission B．benefit
C．diploma D．permission
A　解析：根据该句中的“he might have to go to a less qualified school”可推知，作者的儿子失去了进入好学校的资格，与下文中的“My son has already been accepted by another good school because the admissions for new academic year were still ______！”呼应。
2．A.share B．reduce
C．break D．raise
B　解析：根据上文可知，作者失业三个月，为了缩减生活开支作者从宽敞的公寓搬到了较小的公寓。
3．A.showed up B．set off
C．fell down D．passed away
D　解析：根据下文中的“Time has healed my wife’s mental stress ______ the death of her father.”可知，作者妻子的父亲过世了。pass away“去世”。
4．A.putting B．finding
C．forming D．lifting
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者的岳父一周前去世了，这使作者一家处于更糟糕的状态，put“使处于(某状态或情况)”符合语境。
5．A.problems B．concerns
C．choices D．activities
C　解析：根据空后的“either to feel upset...or ______ my negative thoughts”可推知，作者面对这种困境，有两种心理选择(choices)，与下文中的“I choose the second option”相呼应。
6．A.link B．replace
C．mix D．exchange
B　解析：固定搭配replace...with...意为“用……替代……”，与空前的“keep”形成对比，故选B。
7．A.regret B．stop
C．keep D．risk
C　解析：根据下文中的“I have finally landed a job”可推知，作者也可以保持积极的态度，继续申请新的工作。keep“继续”。
8．A.practicing B．suffering
C．producing D．relieving
B　解析：根据语境可知，作者选择以积极的态度继续申请新的工作，因为作者相信他现在遭受的(suffering)痛苦将增强他的毅力(character)。
9．A.intelligence B．body
C．character D．reputation
C　解析：参见上题解析。
10．A.careful B．hard­working
C．easy­going D．successful
D　解析：根据上文作者失去工作，儿子不能进入好的学校，岳父去世等一堆糟心的事，并结合该句“My strengths will then increase my confidence and make me a(n) ______ man one day.”可推知，作者相信自己有一天会成功。
11．A.life B．wealth
C．time D．health
A　解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，作者明白好的阶段和坏的阶段都是生活的一部分，与下文中的“As I am back on the track of normal life”呼应。
12．A.hide B．destroy
C．strengthen D．kill
C　解析：根据该段第一句并结合语境可推知，艰难的时光会让作者韬光养晦，积蓄力量。
13．A.desperately B．unwillingly
C．hopefully D．fortunately
D　解析：根据语境可知，两个月后，作者幸运地(fortunately)找到了一份称心的工作。
14．A.regardless of B．due to
C．instead of D．apart from
B　解析：根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的因果关系，前果后因。due to“由于”符合语境。
15．A.occupied B．empty
C．open D．closed
C　解析：根据语境可知，新学年入学申请依然开放(open)，因此作者的儿子被另一所好学校录取。
16．A.disappointedly B．surprisedly
C．deliberately D．confidently
D　解析：根据上文中的“My strengths will then increase my confidence”可推知，当生活回到正轨时，作者信心满满(confidently)。
17．A.fight B．meet
C．change D．delay
A　解析：根据上文可知，作者战胜了(fight)危机，生活重新步入正轨。
18．A.general B．positive
C．friendly D．honest
B　解析：根据上文中的“applying for new jobs with positive attitude”并结合语境可推知，作者始终如一的坚毅性格和积极的(positive)生活态度帮助作者战胜了生活中的危机。
19．A.offer B．expect
C．manage D．send
A　解析：根据语境可知，作者祝愿人们万事如意。offer“给予”符合语境。
20．A.as if B．in that
C．now that D．in case
D　解析：根据语境可知，作者极力建议人们如果陷入像这样的境地，也以相同的态度面对生活。in case“如果，假使”。
课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五
＋1篇改错＋1篇书面表达
阅读理解
(2020·安徽六校联考)

The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside force—were deciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic(悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a 4­year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high­school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。
1．It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ________．
A．a sense of drive and purpose
B．an advanced academic degree
C．a firm belief in his or her dream
D．an ambition to get ahead
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，过去在美国，人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。故正确答案为B。
2．What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?
A．More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.
B．It remains alive among the majority of American people.
C．An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.
D．Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。故正确答案为D。
3．What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
A．It still remains open to debate.
B．It has proved to be beyond doubt.
C．It is much better understood now than ever.
D．It is no longer as important as it used to be.
D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。由此可知，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。故正确答案为D。
4．How do some people view college education these days?
A．It helps broaden their minds.
B．It needs to be strengthened.
C．It widens cultural diversity.
D．It promotes gender equality.
A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推知，如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。故正确答案为A。
七选五
(2020·江西三校联考)Are you happy with your appearance? 1.________
“Almost all the girls with single­fold eyelids(单眼皮) in our class have had double eyelid operations，” Zeng, a Senior 2 student from Chengdu, told Xinhua. Zeng had the same surgery done this summer. 2.________
From popular photo­editing apps to plastic surgery(整形手术), it seems that large eyes, pale skin and a skinny body are the only standard for beauty these days. But can following this standard really make us feel good about ourselves?
3．________ According to Huxiu News, over six in ten girls choose not to take part in certain daily activities, such as attending school, because they feel bad about their looks. As much as 31 percent of teenagers avoid speaking up in class because they worry that others will notice their looks.
“Many teenagers are upset about their appearance because they believe in unrealistic standards of beauty，” experts say. 4.________ Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that they’re too dark, too fat, too short, or too tall.
However, trying to live up to strict standards can make us feel anxious. What troubles us is not just our “imperfect” looks, but the fact that we criticize ourselves too much.
5．________ Plus­size models are being featured in some fashion shows. All of us should be just as confident as they are.
A．Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes.
B．Some teenagers might feel negative about their appearance.
C．Body image anxiety is common among teenagers.
D．Guys care just as much as girls do about their body image.
E．She and many of her classmates believe bigger eyes look more beautiful.
F．It’s common for teenagers to feel confident about their appearance.
G．Perfect faces and bodies are everywhere in advertising, TV shows and social media.
【解题导语】　本文主要讨论了青少年如何看待自己的外貌，鼓励青少年要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式各有不同。
1．B　解析：承接上文“Are you happy with your appearance？”，并结合选项可知，选项B对此问题作出了回应，所以选B项。
2．E　解析：根据语境及空前一句“Zeng had the same surgery done this summer.”可知，Zeng也做了双眼皮手术，故E项“她和她的许多同学认为大眼睛看起来更漂亮”符合语境，承接上文。
3．C　解析：本段主要讲的是很多青少年对自己的外貌不满意，甚至感到焦虑，故C项“外貌焦虑在青少年中很普遍”适合作本段主题句。
4．G　解析：根据空后的“Seeing all these things can make anyone believe that they’re too dark, too fat, too short, or too tall.”，并结合上文“unrealistic standards of beauty”可推知，通过与非现实的审美标准形成对比，许多青少年对自己的外貌有自卑感，与选项G的内容联系紧密，所以选G项。
5．A　解析：根据下文“All of us should be just as confident as they are.”可知，本段主要讲的是要对自己的外貌有信心，美的形式多种多样，而不是只有一个标准，所以选A项。
短文改错
(2020·济南模拟)
Dear Mr. Brown，
We have learned that you were going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party which will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will possible last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of a whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and singing some English songs. In the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly making by ourselves. I believe you will have a good time together.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Frank
答案：
Dear Mr. Brown，
We have learned that you going back to America for the summer vacation. To express our for your excellent teaching in our school, we have decided have a party for you. The party 　 will start at 6：30 on Friday evening in the lecture hall. It will last an hour. To start with, our monitor will give a speech on behalf of whole class. Then we would like to invite you to join us and some English songs. the end of the party, we will present you with some gifts and cards, mostly by ourselves. I believe will have a good time together.
Looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Frank
书面表达
(2020·安徽五校质检)假定你是高三学生李华，你班的交换生Jim对中华传统文化感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程，向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐一门选修课；
2．说明推荐的理由；
3．提出学习这门课程的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Jim，
I am glad that you are interested in Chinese culture and eager to explore more.
I think the Ancient Poetry is your best choice. By learning Chinese ancient poems, you can have an extensive knowledge of history and culture in ancient China. Furthermore, you can feel the charm of the language by reading poems, which helps to improve your Chinese. To follow the course well, you’d better read and recite as many poems as possible. Besides, it is a good idea to search for related background knowledge so that you will fully understand the conception of poetry.
What do you think of the course? I am sure you will have a lot of fun from it.
Yours，
Li Hua