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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修1学案1Unit1 Friendship
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．survey n． 调查；测验
2．loose adj. 松的；松开的
3．vet n. 兽医
4．series n. 连续；系列
5．thunder vi.& n. 打雷；雷鸣；雷；雷声
6．loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞
7．highway n. 公路；大路
8．overcoat n. 大衣；外套
9．suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
10．gossip vi.& n. 闲话；闲谈
11．swap vt. 交换
12．item n. 项目；条款
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦；打乱
2．calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定
adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
3．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
4．outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
5．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
6．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
7．dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
8．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
9．settle__vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
10．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt. 倾斜；翻倒
11．pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
n. 小包；包裹
12．exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．power n．能力；力量；权力；动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无能为力的；无权的
2．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
3．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
4．entire adj.完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
5．recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复
6．dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘
7．disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．协议；同意，一致
1.dis否定前缀高频词集锦
①disagree vi. 不同意
②dislike vt. 不喜欢
③disappear vi. 消失
④distrust vt. 不信任
⑤disobey vt. 违反
2.“感谢”家族
①grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
②gratitude n. 感激
③appreciate v. 感激；感谢
appreciation n. 感激
④thank v. 感谢
thankful adj. 感激的
⑤acknowledge v. 致谢；感谢
3.表示“沮丧的，不安的”的形容词荟萃
①upset 心烦意乱的；
不安的；不适的
②frustrated 失意的；挫败的
③blue 沮丧的；悲观的
④depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑤down 情绪低落的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．add__up 合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
2．calm__(...)__down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be__concerned__about 关心；挂念
4．go__through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查；
通过；查阅，浏览
5．set__down 记下；放下；登记
6．a__series__of 一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on__purpose 故意；有目的地
8．at__dusk 在黄昏时刻
9．face__to__face 面对面地
10．no__longer/not...any__longer
不再……
11．get/be__tired__of 对……厌烦
12．pack__(sth.)__up 将(东西)装箱打包
13．get__along__with 与……相处；进展
14．fall__in__love 相爱；爱上
15．join__in 参加；加入
1.“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语积累
①face to face 面对面地 ②heart to heart 心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ④hand in hand 手拉手地
2.“at＋n.”表时间小结
①at dusk 在黄昏时刻 ②at dawn 在拂晓
③at midnight 在午夜 ④at noon 在中午
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：状语从句的省略
While__walking__the__dog,__you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
句型2：before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before__they__were__discovered． 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
句型3：强调句型：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
I wonder if it’s__because__I__haven’t__been__able__to__be__outdoors__for__so__long__that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句型4：it was the first time that sb. had done sth.这是某人第一次做某事
...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d__seen__the__night face to face...
……这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would be__grateful(感激的) if you could offer me the opportunity to be a volunteer.
2．(2019·北京卷书面表达)When I got home，I packed (打行李) up my luggage for the trip.
3．Teenagers(青少年) are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
4．We should keep calm(镇静的) in face of danger, which counts much in case of emergency.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips (tip) from her.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All across the country, recovery(recover)centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and coauthor of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.系列
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)In one study, Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys.调查研究
3．(浙江卷阅读A)An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.闲话，闲谈
4．(天津卷阅读A)The following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.物品
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The room was very dusty when I walked in. All the furniture was covered with dust．(dust)
2．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I’m concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)
3．A few people agreed while most people disagreed，so no agreement was made.(agree)
4．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What’s worse，he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
5．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
suffer from; be concerned about; get along with; fall in love with; be upset about; a series of; calm sb. down; add up to
John had so much difficulty in learning English that his score in each exam never 1.added__up__to over 60. As a result, he 2.was__quite upset__about it. His deskmate, Mary, 3.was__concerned__about him very much. She understood exactly what he was 4.suffering__from. So she did everything in her power to 5.calm__him__down and shared 6.a__series__of__learning tips with him. With Mary’s help, John 7.fell__in__love__with English and 8.got__along__with it. Therefore, it wasn’t long before he made great progress. When he expressed his gratitude to his deskmate, Mary said while helping him, she learned a lot.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)总之，我可以在指导他们的同时有效地向我们的贵宾介绍中国画。
In a word, I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished guests efficiently while__offering__them__guidance．
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你错过了今年的音乐节，可能要过很长一段时间才能有机会再次参加这样的音乐会。
If you miss this year’s music festival, it__may__be__a__long__time__before you can get another chance to attend such a music concert.
3．(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)正是在你的帮助下我在英语方面才取得了巨大进步。
It__is__with__your__help__that I have made great progress in English.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你说这是你第一次在中国被邀请参加晚宴。
You said this was the first time that you had__been__invited__to__attend the dinner party in China.
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心烦；打乱
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She was upset to__know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were__upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
(普通表达)You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)
③(高级表达)You will return to your country soon, which__makes__me__upset. (非限制性定语从句)
④(高级表达)What__upsets__me__is__that you will return to your country soon. (what引导的主语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
让某人心烦的是……
[佳句背诵] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them. 人们有时会对他们应该投票给那些更优秀的人还是他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江苏卷书面表达)
concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
②We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned(concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the environment from being polluted.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
④(高级表达)From__my__point__of__view,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
⑤(高级表达)As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
(1)show/express concern about/for
对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的
be concerned about/for
担心……；关心……
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as...be concerned
就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及
[佳句背诵] If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！ 如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心学校的未来， 你不要错过这次极好的机会！(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
[联想发散] “就某人而言”的种种表达：
①in__one’s__opinion/view；
②from__one’s__point__of__view；
③as__far__as__sb.__be__concerned．
power n．能力；力量；权力；动力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately, it’s beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
③(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer work.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
(高级表达)I’ll do__everything__in__my__power to perform well in the volunteer work.
(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政(表动作)
be in power 执政；当权(表状态)
in one’s power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in one’s power＝do/try one’s best
尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；有力的
[佳句背诵] As the saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” 俗话说，“知识就是力量。”
[联想发散] 表示“竭尽全力”的常用表达有：
①do/try__one’s__best；②make__every__effort；③spare__no__effort；④do__everything__in__one’s__power．
settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
②There was so much noise that we were unable to settle down to studying(study)．
③It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement(settle) with the employers.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④由于有许多难题要解决，今晚我不能来参加这个聚会了。
With__a__lot__of__difficult__problems__to__settle,__I won’t come to the party this evening.
(1)settle in/into sth. 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle down to (doing) sth.
着手认真(做)某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 解决；协议
[佳句背诵] Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids. 布朗夫妇希望看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。(2017·天津卷)
suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①About 30 percent old people suffer from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer) during the war.
③To our delight, the sufferer(suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)He had never suffered__such__a__great__loss(遭受那么大的损失) in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
⑤(高级表达)Not__having__suffered__such__a__great__loss__in__his__life,__he almost lost the hope for life. (分词作状语)
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
[佳句背诵] The Summer Palace, one of the most famous gardens in the world, suffered severe damage during various periods of wars.
颐和园， 世界上最著名的花园之一，在不同的战争时期遭受了严重的破坏。
recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To__recover(recover) the lost time, he is working harder than ever before.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery(recover)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后他终于康复了。
③Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally recovered__from it. (recover)
④Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally made__a__recovery__from it. (recovery)
(1)recover from 从……中恢复
recover oneself 恢复知觉
(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；康复
make a recovery from...
从……中恢复
[佳句背诵] If you like, I’d like to go there together with you in August when I have recovered. 如果你愿意，我想在8月份康复后和你一起去。(北京卷书面表达)
add up 合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
[基础练习]——对比填空/单句语法填空
①You’d better add__up your score now and see if you have passed the exam.(add up与add up to)
②The money he spent within a month added__up__to more than 1，000 dollars.(add up与add up to)
③As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片一定会加深你对我们学校发展的进一步了解。
The short film will surely add__to__your__further__understanding__of__the development of our school.
(1)add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达
(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添
add that... 补充说……
(2)addition n. 增加；增加物
in addition/besides 另外
in addition to 除……之外
[佳句背诵] My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates, adding that everyone should learn from me. 我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样，他补充说每个人都应向我学习。
go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查；通过；查阅，浏览
[一词多义]——写出下列句中go through的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’d appreciate it if you could take some time to go through my application.查阅，浏览
②The plan went through, which made us all happy.通过
③(2017·江苏卷书面表达)However, the film market may go through a slowdown in the near future.经历
④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我也复习了语言点。
Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I also went__over__the__language__points at the same time.
go against 违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go on 继续；进行；发生
go out 出去；熄灭
go over 复习；仔细检查
go up 上涨；上升；攀登
[佳句背诵] Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①In addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get__along__with them.
②Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get__through．
③I don’t know how we’re going to get__over this problem.
④It’s time that I__got__down__to__thinking about my future.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)作为一个中国画爱好者，我对这种艺术形式很了解。我坚信我能顺利地完成我的工作。
As a Chinese painting lover, I know a lot about this art form. I hold the firm belief that I can__get__along__smoothly__with__my__work．
(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb.
与某人相处得好
get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.
某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
get over 克服
get through (电话)接通；完成；通过；度过
[佳句背诵] I’m more than delighted to tell you I’m getting along well with all my teachers and classmates.
我很高兴地告诉你，我和我所有的老师和同学相处得很好。(2017·天津卷书面表达)
状语从句的省略
(教材P1)While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can email me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
(高级表达)If__accepted,__I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which__can__help__them__know__more__about__Chinese__culture．(合并升级为定语从句，省略句)
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句背诵] If it is possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
＝If possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”
(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend...
②He was told that it would be at least three months before he could recover and return to work.
③As a matter of fact, it was a long time before I knew the truth.
④(2017·天津卷)It has been two weeks since you returned to your home country and I’ve been missing you very much.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(天津卷书面表达)时间过得真快！不知不觉两个星期过去了。
How time flies！Two weeks has gone by before__we__know__it．
before作连词，用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。
[佳句背诵] If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过这次机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
[名师点津] “It be＋时间段＋since”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．Though Tim and Mike come from entirely(entire) different backgrounds, they are close friends.
2．He stood up suddenly, upsetting(upset) a cup of milk on my coat.
3．Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
4．Concerned(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)Here are a few tips(tip) to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
6．(2017·浙江卷11月)．..it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading(read) an interesting piece of literature.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．It is the first time that the students have__won(win) the first prize in such a big competition.
2．It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.
3．Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding(find) the way to the History Museum.
4．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.
5．(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
6．To raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment, they took a series of effective steps, thus arousing some positive changes.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.v.补充说
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.一群
3．(浙江卷)The evening walk was a time to shake off the day’s upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.n.让人心烦意乱的事情
4．They have invented a new car, which is powered by solar batteries.vt.供以动力
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Last year, Li Hua set out for America, which was the first time that he 1.had__gone(go) abroad for further study. As a result, he missed his parents very much.Meanwhile, his parents were very concerned 2.about his life and safety.Happily, he has been getting along well 3.with his classmates.When in trouble, he tries to find ways to get it 4.over．It is these little steps in his daily life 5.that have added up to his complete independence.
(二)
1．Having__suffered(suffer) such a heavy loss, my father doesn’t have the courage to go on with his business.Therefore, he feels very upset and disappointed.As far as I’m 2.concerned(concern), it’s beyond my power to help him go 3.through the difficulty, because I can’t give him some 4.tips(tip) on how to overcome it.However, I do believe we need to get to the root of the problem 5.before we can settle it.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说因和朋友产生分歧而感到不快。请你给他回信，内容包括：①表示理解并给予安慰；②提出具体的建议。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你和你的朋友有一系列的分歧，我很担心。
Learning that you__and__your__friend__have__had__a__series__of__disagreements,__I’m__concerned．
②没有必要为此感到难过，因为对事情的看法人人不同，这就会导致分歧。
There__is__no__need__for__you__to__get__upset,__as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
③你必须冷静下来解决分歧。(get＋宾语＋宾补)
You__have__got__to__calm__down__to__get__the__disagreements__settled.
④如果可能的话，和他面对面交流是一个很好的消除你们之间误会的办法。
Whenever it is possible, communicating__with__him__face__to__face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you.
⑤设身处地为他着想可以帮助你与你的朋友相处得好并更好地理解你的朋友。
Putting yourself into his shoes can help you get__along__well__with__your__friend and understand him better.
⑥我希望你认为我的建议有用，祝愿你在学校过得更开心。
I__hope__you__will__find__my__tips__helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用状语从句的省略句式升级句④
Whenever__possible,__communicating__with__him__face__to__face__is__a__great__way__to__clear__up__the__misunderstanding__between__you.
⑧用强调句式升级句⑤
It__is__putting__yourself__into__his__shoes__that__can__help__you__get__along__well__with__your__friend__and__understand__him__better.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, to begin with, secondly, as far as I’m concerned)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Learning that you and your friend have had a series of disagreements, I’m concerned. However, there is no need for you to get upset, as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
To begin with, you have got to calm down to get the disagreements settled. Secondly, whenever possible, communicating with him face to face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you. As far as I’m concerned, it is putting yourself into his shoes that can help you get along well with your friend and understand him better.
I hope you will find my tips helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·浙江卷1月)I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs.Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults，” Mother said.
Mrs.Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this__feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer—in character—“The better to eat you with, my dear，” and go back to her place in the magazine article.
1．Which of the following best describes Mrs.Calloway?
A．Quiet. B．Strict.
C．Humorous. D．Considerate.
B
2．What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Desire to read. B．Love for Mrs.Calloway.
C．Interest in games. D．Fear of the library rules.
A
3．Where is the text probably from?
A．A guidebook. B．An autobiography.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
B
B
(2020·金华十校模拟)Every year around the world, humans waste an estimated 1.3 billion tons of food. This happens even though many people go hungry. So some people have made it their life’s work claiming food before it goes to waste and then giving it to people who are hungry.
One of those people is Brett Myers. In 2011, Myers started Nourish Now, a food recovery and food bank in the U．S. state of Maryland. This nonprofit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．
“Nourish Now is a food recoverybased food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more, and then donates that food directly to families in need and kids in need at local schools.”
Each month, it recovers more than 20，000 kilograms of food and serves 700 needy families, schools and social organizations. Every day, staff and volunteers repackage the donations and distribute them to recipients(接受者)．
A woman named Rhoda is one of the recipients. She describes the quality of the food delivered to her family by Nourish Now.“It consists of fresh food, fruits and vegetables. You will get bread. Sometimes you get dairy products such as yogurt or milk. And you will get some meat items also. And if you get lucky you might get cooked food, or prepared salads, and stuff like that.”
The supplies can feed a family for five days. Each recipient is able to receive food every 30 days. And the packages are made to fit the dietary needs of each family.
Besides families, the organization also donates small meals called snacks to several nearby schools and social organizations.
Nourish Now has grown considerably since it opened. Brenda is one of them. Part of her job as a volunteer is to make sure that none of the food goes to waste.
“In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.”
【解题导语】 针对每年大量食物被浪费的现状，Brett Myers在美国马里兰州成立了一个名为Nourish Now的非营利食物银行组织，该组织收集剩余的食物捐赠给贫困人群和供养贫困人群的组织。
4．What do we know about Nourish Now?
A．It donates money to the poor.
B．It benefits from collecting food.
C．It gets food from many places.
D．It distributes food only to the poor.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nourish Now is a food recoverybased food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more”可知，Nourish Now是一个以食物回收为基础的食物银行，从餐馆、餐饮公司、杂货店、酒店、农场等回收食物。故C项正确。
5．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Nourish Now. B．Food banks.
C．The poor. D．Organizations.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段尾句“This nonprofit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．”可知，该非营利组织收集食物，然后把食物送给穷人和供养他们的组织。据此可推知，画线词them指代该句中的the poor，故C项正确。
6．What does the author want to clarify with the example Rhoda in paragraph 5?
A．She can get food donations every five days.
B．She isn’t satisfied with the food supplied.
C．Eating better can keep people healthier.
D．The recovered food is fresh and rich.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Rhoda所说的话可知，她得到的食物有新鲜的水果和蔬菜，还会得到面包、乳制品以及肉类等。据此可推知，作者以Rhoda为例是为了说明收集的食物新鲜且种类丰富，故D项正确。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Group Uses Leftover Food to Feed the Hungry
B．The Poor Are Suffering from Starvation
C．Nourish Now Calls on People to Save Food
D．People Should Take Care of the Weak
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了非营利组织Nourish Now从各个地方收集剩余的食物以捐赠给需要帮助的人，故A项最适合作本文标题。
【难句分析】 In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.
分析：该句为复合句，句中第一个that引导宾语从句，作make sure的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the things, that在从句中作主语；last前的that指代all the things that came late yesterday; so that引导目的状语从句。
译文：在早上，我确保所有昨天晚到的食物都被收集起来，这样我们就可以到最后使用，我们先用前一天到的东西，这样我们就可以一直提供新鲜的食物，而不会扔掉任何东西。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·浙江十校联盟适应性考试)
Dear teenage boy at the skate park，
You’re probably about 15 years old, so I don’t expect you to be very __1__ to want a little girl on your skate ramp(坡道) for that matter.
What you don’t know is that my daughter has been wanting to skateboard for months. I actually had to __2__ her that skateboarding wasn’t __3__ for boys. So when we walked up to the skate park and saw that it was full of teenage boys who were smoking and __4__， she immediately wanted to __5__ and go home.
I __6__ wanted to go too because I didn’t want to have to put on my mom __7__ and exchange words with you. I also didn’t want my daughter to feel like she had to be __8__ of anyone.
So when she said，“Mom, it’s full of __9__ boys.” I calmly said，“So what? They don’t __10__ the skate park.” She then went down the ramp in spite of you and your friends __11__ past her.
She only had two or three runs before you __12__ her and said “Hey, excuse me...” I immediately prepared to deliver my “She’s __13__ to use this park just as much as you guys” __14__ when I heard you say，“Your __15__ are wrong. Can I help you？”
You spent almost an hour with my daughter showing her how to __16__， and you held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down.
I know you live nearby and I am proud that you are part of my __17__， and I want to thank you for being __18__ to my daughter. Finally she left the skate park with a sense of __19__ and with the confidence that she can do __20__， because of you.
Jeanean Thomas, Cambridge
【解题导语】 作者带女儿去滑板公园学习滑滑板，公园里都是抽烟、说脏话的男孩子，女儿想要回家；作者鼓励女儿，女儿滑了几圈后一个男孩主动提出帮助女儿学习滑滑板，最后女儿带着自豪和自信离开了公园。作者因此特地给男孩写了这封感谢信。
1．A.loyal B．naughty
C．sincere D．considerate
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者并没有期望这个才15岁的男孩会体贴到想让一个小女孩出现在他的坡道上。故选D。
2．A.warn B．remind
C．convince D．inform
C 解析：通读下文可知，作者鼓励女儿在满是男孩子的公园练习滑滑板，故此处表示作者让女儿相信滑板运动不仅仅适合男孩子。convince“使相信”。故选C。
3．A.just B．even
C．yet D．ever
A 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.inquiring B．swearing
C．dancing D．negotiating
B 解析：根据句中的“smoking and”和下文小女孩看到这些男孩就想要回家可推知，swear“说脏话”符合语境。
5．A.get along B．escape
C．turn around D．compete
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，并结合空后的“and go home”可知，看到这样的场景女儿立即想转身回家。turn around意为“转身”，故选C。
6．A.secretly B．exactly
C．generally D．finally
A 解析：上文提到了女儿想转身回家，本句中的too表示作者也想回家，但是下文作者并没有和女儿回家，因此这里表示“我暗自也想回家”，故选A。
7．A.look B．voice
C．status D．competence
B 解析：根据句中的“exchange words with you”并结合语境可知，此处表示“我不想以母亲的口吻和你争论”。put on my mom voice这里指“以母亲的口吻”。competence“能力，胜任”。
8．A.guilty B．aware
C．scared D．ashamed
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，由此可推知，女儿对此感到害怕。scared“害怕”符合语境。guilty“内疚的”；aware“意识到的”；ashamed“羞愧的”。
9．A.skillful B．young
C．quiet D．older
D 解析：根据第一段中的“a little girl”和第二段中的“full of teenage boys”可知，这些男孩比作者的女儿大。
10．A.care B．move
C．make D．own
D 解析：根据该句中的“So what？”并结合语境可知，此处表示“那又怎样？他们又不拥有这个滑板公园”。
11．A.flying B．driving
C．floating D．diving
A 解析：根据上文并结合语境可知，男孩们滑着滑板从作者女儿旁边飞驰而过，此处用fly形容他们的滑速很快。
12．A.impressed B．recognized
C．approached D．encouraged
C 解析：根据该句中的“Hey, excuse me”可知，这个男孩走近作者的女儿和她说话。approach“走近，靠近”。
13．A.invited B．allowed
C．delighted D．accustomed
B 解析：根据空后的“to use this park just as much as you guys”并结合语境可知，作者想告诉这个男孩，她的女儿也可以使用这个场地。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
14．A.speech B．excuse
C．message D．comment
A 解析：根据句中的“deliver my”可知，此处应用speech。deliver a speech意为“发表讲话”，这里指告诫对方的言辞。
15．A.feet B．tools
C．marks D．senses
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，那个男孩说作者女儿的脚不对。
16．A.react B．answer
C．balance D．calculate
C 解析：根据空后的“held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down”可知，男孩教作者的女儿如何保持平衡。react“作出反应”；balance“保持平衡”；calculate“计算”。
17．A.story B．memory
C．family D．community
D 解析：根据句中的“I know you live nearby”可知，男孩也是作者所在社区的一员。
18．A.fair B．kind
C．similar D．responsible
B 解析：根据上文可知，男孩教作者的女儿滑滑板，故这里表示男孩对作者的女儿很友好。
19．A.duty B．pride
C．sorrow D．humor
B 解析：根据下文中的“with the confidence”可推知，作者的女儿离开公园时很自豪，故选B。
20．A.nothing B．little
C．enough D．anything
D 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示因为那个男孩，作者的女儿有信心做任何事情。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．survey n． 调查；测验
2．loose adj. 松的；松开的
3．vet n. 兽医
4．series n. 连续；系列
5．thunder vi.& n. 打雷；雷鸣；雷；雷声
6．loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞
7．highway n. 公路；大路
8．overcoat n. 大衣；外套
9．suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱
10．gossip vi.& n. 闲话；闲谈
11．swap vt. 交换
12．item n. 项目；条款
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦；打乱
2．calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定
adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
3．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
4．outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外
5．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年
6．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人
7．dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚
8．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视
9．settle__vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
10．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费
vt. 倾斜；翻倒
11．pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李
n. 小包；包裹
12．exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．power n．能力；力量；权力；动力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无能为力的；无权的
2．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
3．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
4．entire adj.完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地
5．recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复
6．dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘
7．disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．协议；同意，一致
1.dis否定前缀高频词集锦
①disagree vi. 不同意
②dislike vt. 不喜欢
③disappear vi. 消失
④distrust vt. 不信任
⑤disobey vt. 违反
2.“感谢”家族
①grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的
②gratitude n. 感激
③appreciate v. 感激；感谢
appreciation n. 感激
④thank v. 感谢
thankful adj. 感激的
⑤acknowledge v. 致谢；感谢
3.表示“沮丧的，不安的”的形容词荟萃
①upset 心烦意乱的；
不安的；不适的
②frustrated 失意的；挫败的
③blue 沮丧的；悲观的
④depressed 消沉的；沮丧的
⑤down 情绪低落的
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．add__up 合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
2．calm__(...)__down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be__concerned__about 关心；挂念
4．go__through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查；
通过；查阅，浏览
5．set__down 记下；放下；登记
6．a__series__of 一连串的；一系列；一套
7．on__purpose 故意；有目的地
8．at__dusk 在黄昏时刻
9．face__to__face 面对面地
10．no__longer/not...any__longer
不再……
11．get/be__tired__of 对……厌烦
12．pack__(sth.)__up 将(东西)装箱打包
13．get__along__with 与……相处；进展
14．fall__in__love 相爱；爱上
15．join__in 参加；加入
1.“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语积累
①face to face 面对面地 ②heart to heart 心连心地
③shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ④hand in hand 手拉手地
2.“at＋n.”表时间小结
①at dusk 在黄昏时刻 ②at dawn 在拂晓
③at midnight 在午夜 ④at noon 在中午
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：状语从句的省略
While__walking__the__dog,__you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
句型2：before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”
She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before__they__were__discovered． 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
句型3：强调句型：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他
I wonder if it’s__because__I__haven’t__been__able__to__be__outdoors__for__so__long__that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
句型4：it was the first time that sb. had done sth.这是某人第一次做某事
...it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d__seen__the__night face to face...
……这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I would be__grateful(感激的) if you could offer me the opportunity to be a volunteer.
2．(2019·北京卷书面表达)When I got home，I packed (打行李) up my luggage for the trip.
3．Teenagers(青少年) are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
4．We should keep calm(镇静的) in face of danger, which counts much in case of emergency.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home for dinner, get a few cooking tips (tip) from her.
6．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All across the country, recovery(recover)centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and coauthor of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.系列
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)In one study, Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys.调查研究
3．(浙江卷阅读A)An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.闲话，闲谈
4．(天津卷阅读A)The following items are approved for use in residential(住宿的) rooms: electric blankets, hair dryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players.物品
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The room was very dusty when I walked in. All the furniture was covered with dust．(dust)
2．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I’m concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)
3．A few people agreed while most people disagreed，so no agreement was made.(agree)
4．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What’s worse，he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
5．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
suffer from; be concerned about; get along with; fall in love with; be upset about; a series of; calm sb. down; add up to
John had so much difficulty in learning English that his score in each exam never 1.added__up__to over 60. As a result, he 2.was__quite upset__about it. His deskmate, Mary, 3.was__concerned__about him very much. She understood exactly what he was 4.suffering__from. So she did everything in her power to 5.calm__him__down and shared 6.a__series__of__learning tips with him. With Mary’s help, John 7.fell__in__love__with English and 8.got__along__with it. Therefore, it wasn’t long before he made great progress. When he expressed his gratitude to his deskmate, Mary said while helping him, she learned a lot.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)总之，我可以在指导他们的同时有效地向我们的贵宾介绍中国画。
In a word, I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished guests efficiently while__offering__them__guidance．
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你错过了今年的音乐节，可能要过很长一段时间才能有机会再次参加这样的音乐会。
If you miss this year’s music festival, it__may__be__a__long__time__before you can get another chance to attend such a music concert.
3．(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)正是在你的帮助下我在英语方面才取得了巨大进步。
It__is__with__your__help__that I have made great progress in English.
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你说这是你第一次在中国被邀请参加晚宴。
You said this was the first time that you had__been__invited__to__attend the dinner party in China.
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.(upset, upset, upsetting)使不安；使心烦；打乱
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She was upset to__know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day, all my plans were__upset(upset) by the sudden change of the bad weather.
[能力提升]——词汇/句式升级
(普通表达)You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)
③(高级表达)You will return to your country soon, which__makes__me__upset. (非限制性定语从句)
④(高级表达)What__upsets__me__is__that you will return to your country soon. (what引导的主语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)upset oneself about sth. 为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb.to do sth./that...
让某人心烦的是……
[佳句背诵] People sometimes feel very upset about whether they should vote for those who are better or who are more familiar to them. 人们有时会对他们应该投票给那些更优秀的人还是他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。(江苏卷书面表达)
concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
②We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned(concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the environment from being polluted.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m writing to express my opinion concerning(concern) Chinese customs, which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
(普通表达)In my opinion, it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
④(高级表达)From__my__point__of__view,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
⑤(高级表达)As__far__as__I’m__concerned,__it is necessary for you to have a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.
(1)show/express concern about/for
对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的
be concerned about/for
担心……；关心……
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as...be concerned
就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及
[佳句背诵] If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future, you mustn’t miss this excellent opportunity！ 如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心学校的未来， 你不要错过这次极好的机会！(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
[联想发散] “就某人而言”的种种表达：
①in__one’s__opinion/view；
②from__one’s__point__of__view；
③as__far__as__sb.__be__concerned．
power n．能力；力量；权力；动力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.
②Unfortunately, it’s beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
③(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power) animal on earth.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I’ll try my best to perform well in the volunteer work.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
(高级表达)I’ll do__everything__in__my__power to perform well in the volunteer work.
(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政(表动作)
be in power 执政；当权(表状态)
in one’s power 在某人的掌控中
beyond one’s power 某人力所不能及的
do everything in one’s power＝do/try one’s best
尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj. 强大的；有力的
[佳句背诵] As the saying goes, “Knowledge is power.” 俗话说，“知识就是力量。”
[联想发散] 表示“竭尽全力”的常用表达有：
①do/try__one’s__best；②make__every__effort；③spare__no__effort；④do__everything__in__one’s__power．
settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.
②There was so much noise that we were unable to settle down to studying(study)．
③It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement(settle) with the employers.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④由于有许多难题要解决，今晚我不能来参加这个聚会了。
With__a__lot__of__difficult__problems__to__settle,__I won’t come to the party this evening.
(1)settle in/into sth. 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle down to (doing) sth.
着手认真(做)某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 解决；协议
[佳句背诵] Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down, get married, and have kids. 布朗夫妇希望看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。(2017·天津卷)
suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①About 30 percent old people suffer from high levels of blood sugar and fat.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer) during the war.
③To our delight, the sufferer(suffer) has decided to give up smoking.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)He had never suffered__such__a__great__loss(遭受那么大的损失) in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life.
⑤(高级表达)Not__having__suffered__such__a__great__loss__in__his__life,__he almost lost the hope for life. (分词作状语)
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage
遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 受难者；患病者
[佳句背诵] The Summer Palace, one of the most famous gardens in the world, suffered severe damage during various periods of wars.
颐和园， 世界上最著名的花园之一，在不同的战争时期遭受了严重的破坏。
recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To__recover(recover) the lost time, he is working harder than ever before.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery(recover)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后他终于康复了。
③Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally recovered__from it. (recover)
④Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally made__a__recovery__from it. (recovery)
(1)recover from 从……中恢复
recover oneself 恢复知觉
(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；康复
make a recovery from...
从……中恢复
[佳句背诵] If you like, I’d like to go there together with you in August when I have recovered. 如果你愿意，我想在8月份康复后和你一起去。(北京卷书面表达)
add up 合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
[基础练习]——对比填空/单句语法填空
①You’d better add__up your score now and see if you have passed the exam.(add up与add up to)
②The money he spent within a month added__up__to more than 1，000 dollars.(add up与add up to)
③As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片一定会加深你对我们学校发展的进一步了解。
The short film will surely add__to__your__further__understanding__of__the development of our school.
(1)add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达
(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添
add that... 补充说……
(2)addition n. 增加；增加物
in addition/besides 另外
in addition to 除……之外
[佳句背诵] My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates, adding that everyone should learn from me. 我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样，他补充说每个人都应向我学习。
go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查；通过；查阅，浏览
[一词多义]——写出下列句中go through的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’d appreciate it if you could take some time to go through my application.查阅，浏览
②The plan went through, which made us all happy.通过
③(2017·江苏卷书面表达)However, the film market may go through a slowdown in the near future.经历
④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我也复习了语言点。
Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I also went__over__the__language__points at the same time.
go against 违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go on 继续；进行；发生
go out 出去；熄灭
go over 复习；仔细检查
go up 上涨；上升；攀登
[佳句背诵] Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①In addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends, which makes it easy for you to get__along__with them.
②Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get__through．
③I don’t know how we’re going to get__over this problem.
④It’s time that I__got__down__to__thinking about my future.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)作为一个中国画爱好者，我对这种艺术形式很了解。我坚信我能顺利地完成我的工作。
As a Chinese painting lover, I know a lot about this art form. I hold the firm belief that I can__get__along__smoothly__with__my__work．
(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb.
与某人相处得好
get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.
某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事
get over 克服
get through (电话)接通；完成；通过；度过
[佳句背诵] I’m more than delighted to tell you I’m getting along well with all my teachers and classmates.
我很高兴地告诉你，我和我所有的老师和同学相处得很好。(2017·天津卷书面表达)
状语从句的省略
(教材P1)While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening(listen) patiently.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)If interested(interest) in the Chinese folk art, you can email me.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)If I am accepted, I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. It can help them know more about Chinese culture.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
(高级表达)If__accepted,__I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors，which__can__help__them__know__more__about__Chinese__culture．(合并升级为定语从句，省略句)
省略句的条件
状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
[佳句背诵] If it is possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
＝If possible, I’ll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。
before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”
(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend...
②He was told that it would be at least three months before he could recover and return to work.
③As a matter of fact, it was a long time before I knew the truth.
④(2017·天津卷)It has been two weeks since you returned to your home country and I’ve been missing you very much.
[能力提升]——微写作
⑤(天津卷书面表达)时间过得真快！不知不觉两个星期过去了。
How time flies！Two weeks has gone by before__we__know__it．
before作连词，用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。
[佳句背诵] If you miss this chance, it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过这次机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
[名师点津] “It be＋时间段＋since”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．Though Tim and Mike come from entirely(entire) different backgrounds, they are close friends.
2．He stood up suddenly, upsetting(upset) a cup of milk on my coat.
3．Ignoring(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
4．Concerned(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
5．(2018·浙江卷6月)Here are a few tips(tip) to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.
6．(2017·浙江卷11月)．..it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading(read) an interesting piece of literature.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．It is the first time that the students have__won(win) the first prize in such a big competition.
2．It is no pleasure staying(stay) at home doing homework all day.
3．Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding(find) the way to the History Museum.
4．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.
5．(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
6．To raise people’s awareness of protecting our environment, they took a series of effective steps, thus arousing some positive changes.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.v.补充说
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs, seven to be exact.一群
3．(浙江卷)The evening walk was a time to shake off the day’s upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.n.让人心烦意乱的事情
4．They have invented a new car, which is powered by solar batteries.vt.供以动力
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Last year, Li Hua set out for America, which was the first time that he 1.had__gone(go) abroad for further study. As a result, he missed his parents very much.Meanwhile, his parents were very concerned 2.about his life and safety.Happily, he has been getting along well 3.with his classmates.When in trouble, he tries to find ways to get it 4.over．It is these little steps in his daily life 5.that have added up to his complete independence.
(二)
1．Having__suffered(suffer) such a heavy loss, my father doesn’t have the courage to go on with his business.Therefore, he feels very upset and disappointed.As far as I’m 2.concerned(concern), it’s beyond my power to help him go 3.through the difficulty, because I can’t give him some 4.tips(tip) on how to overcome it.However, I do believe we need to get to the root of the problem 5.before we can settle it.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说因和朋友产生分歧而感到不快。请你给他回信，内容包括：①表示理解并给予安慰；②提出具体的建议。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①得知你和你的朋友有一系列的分歧，我很担心。
Learning that you__and__your__friend__have__had__a__series__of__disagreements,__I’m__concerned．
②没有必要为此感到难过，因为对事情的看法人人不同，这就会导致分歧。
There__is__no__need__for__you__to__get__upset,__as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
③你必须冷静下来解决分歧。(get＋宾语＋宾补)
You__have__got__to__calm__down__to__get__the__disagreements__settled.
④如果可能的话，和他面对面交流是一个很好的消除你们之间误会的办法。
Whenever it is possible, communicating__with__him__face__to__face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you.
⑤设身处地为他着想可以帮助你与你的朋友相处得好并更好地理解你的朋友。
Putting yourself into his shoes can help you get__along__well__with__your__friend and understand him better.
⑥我希望你认为我的建议有用，祝愿你在学校过得更开心。
I__hope__you__will__find__my__tips__helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用状语从句的省略句式升级句④
Whenever__possible,__communicating__with__him__face__to__face__is__a__great__way__to__clear__up__the__misunderstanding__between__you.
⑧用强调句式升级句⑤
It__is__putting__yourself__into__his__shoes__that__can__help__you__get__along__well__with__your__friend__and__understand__him__better.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, to begin with, secondly, as far as I’m concerned)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
Learning that you and your friend have had a series of disagreements, I’m concerned. However, there is no need for you to get upset, as people often have different views on things, which can lead to disagreements.
To begin with, you have got to calm down to get the disagreements settled. Secondly, whenever possible, communicating with him face to face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you. As far as I’m concerned, it is putting yourself into his shoes that can help you get along well with your friend and understand him better.
I hope you will find my tips helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·浙江卷1月)I never knew anyone who’d grown up in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs.Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson’s Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read.
My mother was not afraid of Mrs.Calloway. She wished me to have my own library card to check out books for myself. She took me in to introduce me. “Eudora is nine years old and has my permission to read any book she wants from the shelves, children or adults，” Mother said.
Mrs.Calloway made her own rules about books. You could not take back a book to the library on the same day you’d taken it out; it made no difference to her that you’d read every word in it and needed another to start. You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the minute I reached our house, I started to read. I knew this was extreme happiness, knew it at the time.
My mother shared this__feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of “Little Red Riding Hood” with my brother’s two daughters. She’d just look up at the right time, long enough to answer—in character—“The better to eat you with, my dear，” and go back to her place in the magazine article.
1．Which of the following best describes Mrs.Calloway?
A．Quiet. B．Strict.
C．Humorous. D．Considerate.
B
2．What do the underlined words “this feeling” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Desire to read. B．Love for Mrs.Calloway.
C．Interest in games. D．Fear of the library rules.
A
3．Where is the text probably from?
A．A guidebook. B．An autobiography.
C．A news report. D．A book review.
B
B
(2020·金华十校模拟)Every year around the world, humans waste an estimated 1.3 billion tons of food. This happens even though many people go hungry. So some people have made it their life’s work claiming food before it goes to waste and then giving it to people who are hungry.
One of those people is Brett Myers. In 2011, Myers started Nourish Now, a food recovery and food bank in the U．S. state of Maryland. This nonprofit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．
“Nourish Now is a food recoverybased food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more, and then donates that food directly to families in need and kids in need at local schools.”
Each month, it recovers more than 20，000 kilograms of food and serves 700 needy families, schools and social organizations. Every day, staff and volunteers repackage the donations and distribute them to recipients(接受者)．
A woman named Rhoda is one of the recipients. She describes the quality of the food delivered to her family by Nourish Now.“It consists of fresh food, fruits and vegetables. You will get bread. Sometimes you get dairy products such as yogurt or milk. And you will get some meat items also. And if you get lucky you might get cooked food, or prepared salads, and stuff like that.”
The supplies can feed a family for five days. Each recipient is able to receive food every 30 days. And the packages are made to fit the dietary needs of each family.
Besides families, the organization also donates small meals called snacks to several nearby schools and social organizations.
Nourish Now has grown considerably since it opened. Brenda is one of them. Part of her job as a volunteer is to make sure that none of the food goes to waste.
“In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.”
【解题导语】 针对每年大量食物被浪费的现状，Brett Myers在美国马里兰州成立了一个名为Nourish Now的非营利食物银行组织，该组织收集剩余的食物捐赠给贫困人群和供养贫困人群的组织。
4．What do we know about Nourish Now?
A．It donates money to the poor.
B．It benefits from collecting food.
C．It gets food from many places.
D．It distributes food only to the poor.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nourish Now is a food recoverybased food bank that recovers food from restaurants, catering companies, grocery stores, hotels, farms and more”可知，Nourish Now是一个以食物回收为基础的食物银行，从餐馆、餐饮公司、杂货店、酒店、农场等回收食物。故C项正确。
5．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Nourish Now. B．Food banks.
C．The poor. D．Organizations.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段尾句“This nonprofit organization collects food and then gives it to the poor and organizations that support them．”可知，该非营利组织收集食物，然后把食物送给穷人和供养他们的组织。据此可推知，画线词them指代该句中的the poor，故C项正确。
6．What does the author want to clarify with the example Rhoda in paragraph 5?
A．She can get food donations every five days.
B．She isn’t satisfied with the food supplied.
C．Eating better can keep people healthier.
D．The recovered food is fresh and rich.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段Rhoda所说的话可知，她得到的食物有新鲜的水果和蔬菜，还会得到面包、乳制品以及肉类等。据此可推知，作者以Rhoda为例是为了说明收集的食物新鲜且种类丰富，故D项正确。
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Group Uses Leftover Food to Feed the Hungry
B．The Poor Are Suffering from Starvation
C．Nourish Now Calls on People to Save Food
D．People Should Take Care of the Weak
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段并结合全文其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了非营利组织Nourish Now从各个地方收集剩余的食物以捐赠给需要帮助的人，故A项最适合作本文标题。
【难句分析】 In the morning, I make sure that all the things that came late yesterday get put away so that we use that last, and we used the things that came the day before first, so that we’re always giving fresh food and we’re not throwing out anything.
分析：该句为复合句，句中第一个that引导宾语从句，作make sure的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all the things, that在从句中作主语；last前的that指代all the things that came late yesterday; so that引导目的状语从句。
译文：在早上，我确保所有昨天晚到的食物都被收集起来，这样我们就可以到最后使用，我们先用前一天到的东西，这样我们就可以一直提供新鲜的食物，而不会扔掉任何东西。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·浙江十校联盟适应性考试)
Dear teenage boy at the skate park，
You’re probably about 15 years old, so I don’t expect you to be very __1__ to want a little girl on your skate ramp(坡道) for that matter.
What you don’t know is that my daughter has been wanting to skateboard for months. I actually had to __2__ her that skateboarding wasn’t __3__ for boys. So when we walked up to the skate park and saw that it was full of teenage boys who were smoking and __4__， she immediately wanted to __5__ and go home.
I __6__ wanted to go too because I didn’t want to have to put on my mom __7__ and exchange words with you. I also didn’t want my daughter to feel like she had to be __8__ of anyone.
So when she said，“Mom, it’s full of __9__ boys.” I calmly said，“So what? They don’t __10__ the skate park.” She then went down the ramp in spite of you and your friends __11__ past her.
She only had two or three runs before you __12__ her and said “Hey, excuse me...” I immediately prepared to deliver my “She’s __13__ to use this park just as much as you guys” __14__ when I heard you say，“Your __15__ are wrong. Can I help you？”
You spent almost an hour with my daughter showing her how to __16__， and you held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down.
I know you live nearby and I am proud that you are part of my __17__， and I want to thank you for being __18__ to my daughter. Finally she left the skate park with a sense of __19__ and with the confidence that she can do __20__， because of you.
Jeanean Thomas, Cambridge
【解题导语】 作者带女儿去滑板公园学习滑滑板，公园里都是抽烟、说脏话的男孩子，女儿想要回家；作者鼓励女儿，女儿滑了几圈后一个男孩主动提出帮助女儿学习滑滑板，最后女儿带着自豪和自信离开了公园。作者因此特地给男孩写了这封感谢信。
1．A.loyal B．naughty
C．sincere D．considerate
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者并没有期望这个才15岁的男孩会体贴到想让一个小女孩出现在他的坡道上。故选D。
2．A.warn B．remind
C．convince D．inform
C 解析：通读下文可知，作者鼓励女儿在满是男孩子的公园练习滑滑板，故此处表示作者让女儿相信滑板运动不仅仅适合男孩子。convince“使相信”。故选C。
3．A.just B．even
C．yet D．ever
A 解析：参见上题解析。
4．A.inquiring B．swearing
C．dancing D．negotiating
B 解析：根据句中的“smoking and”和下文小女孩看到这些男孩就想要回家可推知，swear“说脏话”符合语境。
5．A.get along B．escape
C．turn around D．compete
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，并结合空后的“and go home”可知，看到这样的场景女儿立即想转身回家。turn around意为“转身”，故选C。
6．A.secretly B．exactly
C．generally D．finally
A 解析：上文提到了女儿想转身回家，本句中的too表示作者也想回家，但是下文作者并没有和女儿回家，因此这里表示“我暗自也想回家”，故选A。
7．A.look B．voice
C．status D．competence
B 解析：根据句中的“exchange words with you”并结合语境可知，此处表示“我不想以母亲的口吻和你争论”。put on my mom voice这里指“以母亲的口吻”。competence“能力，胜任”。
8．A.guilty B．aware
C．scared D．ashamed
C 解析：根据上文可知，公园里都是吸烟、说脏话的男孩子，由此可推知，女儿对此感到害怕。scared“害怕”符合语境。guilty“内疚的”；aware“意识到的”；ashamed“羞愧的”。
9．A.skillful B．young
C．quiet D．older
D 解析：根据第一段中的“a little girl”和第二段中的“full of teenage boys”可知，这些男孩比作者的女儿大。
10．A.care B．move
C．make D．own
D 解析：根据该句中的“So what？”并结合语境可知，此处表示“那又怎样？他们又不拥有这个滑板公园”。
11．A.flying B．driving
C．floating D．diving
A 解析：根据上文并结合语境可知，男孩们滑着滑板从作者女儿旁边飞驰而过，此处用fly形容他们的滑速很快。
12．A.impressed B．recognized
C．approached D．encouraged
C 解析：根据该句中的“Hey, excuse me”可知，这个男孩走近作者的女儿和她说话。approach“走近，靠近”。
13．A.invited B．allowed
C．delighted D．accustomed
B 解析：根据空后的“to use this park just as much as you guys”并结合语境可知，作者想告诉这个男孩，她的女儿也可以使用这个场地。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。
14．A.speech B．excuse
C．message D．comment
A 解析：根据句中的“deliver my”可知，此处应用speech。deliver a speech意为“发表讲话”，这里指告诫对方的言辞。
15．A.feet B．tools
C．marks D．senses
A 解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，那个男孩说作者女儿的脚不对。
16．A.react B．answer
C．balance D．calculate
C 解析：根据空后的“held her hand and helped her get up when she fell down”可知，男孩教作者的女儿如何保持平衡。react“作出反应”；balance“保持平衡”；calculate“计算”。
17．A.story B．memory
C．family D．community
D 解析：根据句中的“I know you live nearby”可知，男孩也是作者所在社区的一员。
18．A.fair B．kind
C．similar D．responsible
B 解析：根据上文可知，男孩教作者的女儿滑滑板，故这里表示男孩对作者的女儿很友好。
19．A.duty B．pride
C．sorrow D．humor
B 解析：根据下文中的“with the confidence”可推知，作者的女儿离开公园时很自豪，故选B。
20．A.nothing B．little
C．enough D．anything
D 解析：根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示因为那个男孩，作者的女儿有信心做任何事情。
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