2021届高考英语通用版一轮复习考点专讲：考点22关系副词引导的定语从句学案

考点22  关系副词引导的定语从句高考频度：★★★★☆  关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用＂介词＋which＂结构替换。☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。关系代词和关系副词的选择用法依据根据从句谓语动词若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物动词则用关系副词。根据关系词在从句中作的成分把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词；作状语则用关系副词。 1.（2019·新课标II卷·语法填空）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.【参考答案】where【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。2.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that         B. whereC. which        D. when【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。3.（2018·新课标II卷·短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish.【参考答案】which前加in 或which改为where 【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。4.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。【易错提醒】当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用when引导；若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that或which作spent的宾语）5.Experiments with domestic dogs,             one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. what      B. where     C. that     D. which【参考答案】B【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，表示抽象地点，where相当于in which。故选B。【易错提醒】1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。如：☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用which/that，而不用where）2. 当position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导。如：☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。3. 关系副词why指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason。☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗？6. Do you know the reason             Mary is crying? A. when      B. where     C. why     D. that 【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：你知道玛丽哭的原因吗？the reason why...是一个固定句型，why在此引导原因状语从句，并在从句中作原因状语，故选C。【易错提醒】若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which来引导定语从句。如：☛I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以要用which/that，而不用why）   题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的关系词填空1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking?2. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,             we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.3. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village.4. Do you know the reason             John is so angry?5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting.6. The reason ________________ he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense.7. I still remember the night ________ she left the house.8. However, this was a time             one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.9. Today we have reached a stage             we have almost no rights at all.10. The days are gone             physical strength was all you needed to make a living.题组二能力提升I．单项填空1.Experiments with domestic dogs,            one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. what     B. where     C. that     D. which2.Do you know the reason             Mary is crying?   A. when     B. where     C. why     D. that 3.The latest trend is the ＂A4 waist challenge＂            women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部).A. which     B. where     C. when     D. as4. The exact year__________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. When            B. where           C. why               D. which5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position             she didn’t know which side she should support.  A. where     B. that     C. which     D. when6. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?—You should try the barber’s             I go. It’s only $15.A. as           B. which          C. where          D. that7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet            life has developed gradually.A. that         B. where           C. which          D. whose8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory            we are working.A. where          B. that             C. which         D. thereII．语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top   1  (attract).     So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I   2 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be   3  (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back   4  my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,  5  I was the first Western TV reporter  6   (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include   7  (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by   8   (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few   9  ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,  10  other is with mum-she never suspects.题组三体验真题1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. why     B. where     C. which    D. what2.（2019·新课标I卷·短文改错）One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.3.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.4.（2018·新课标I卷·短文改错）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.5.(2015·北京)Opposite is St. Paul's Church, _________ you can hear some lovely music.A. which      B. that      C. when      D. where6.(2015·陕西) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time    __  he should be able to be independent.A. which        B. where        C. whom           D. when7. (2014·浙江)I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, ______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.    A. when           B. where          C. which          D. why8. (2015·天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere             his employees enjoy their work.A. where        B. which     C. when     D. who  题组一 基础过关 I. 用适当的关系词填空1. where　   2. where　   3. when         4. why5. why　    6. that/which   7. when    8. when9. where    10. when题组二能力提升I．单项填空 1.B  【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用家犬做试验，试验中一只给了食物，而另一只没有，这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知，先行词是Experiments，where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in which。故选B。2.C 【解析】句意：你知道玛丽哭的原因吗？the reason why...是一个固定句型，why在此引导原因状语从句，并在从句中作原因状语，故选C。3.B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最新的趋势是A4腰挑战。女性把A4纸放在上腹部前面然后拍照。先行词是＂A4 waist challenge＂，表示抽象的地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where来引导定语从句，B项正确。4. D 【解析】句意：Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2008年。这句话使用了定语从句，先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不能用关系副词。所以选D。5. A  【解析】先行词是an embarrassing position，所填词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。6. C　【解析】答句前句句意为：——你应该去我去的那家理发店尝试一下。where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作状语，并替代先行词the barber’s(理发店)。其余选项不能在定语从句中作地点状语。7. B　【解析】句意：斯蒂芬•霍金认为，地球不大可能是有生命逐渐进化的唯一星球。先行词是planet，限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语，where在此处引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语。A、C和D三个选项都不能在从句中作状语。8. A　【解析】where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。II．语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。1. attraction 【解析】考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为＂吸引人之物＂。2. was allowed 【解析】考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的＂was＂表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。3. officially 【解析】考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。4.to 【解析】考查介词。go back to是固定搭配，意为＂追溯到＂。5.when 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。6. permitted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。7. introducing  【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。8. its 【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。9. days 【解析】考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。 every few days是＂每隔几天＂的意思。10.the  【解析】考查冠词。这里考查的是one...the other...这一固定搭配，意为＂一个……另一个……题组三 体验真题1.B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。2.One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one  afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。3.where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。4. which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。5.D 【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用关系副词where。故选D。6.D  【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。7.A  【解析】这里先行词是the fifth grade，指的是时间；后面是when引导的定语从句。句意：我没有成为一个认真的攀登者，直到我上五年级的时候，那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在树上的风筝。分析句子结构可知，______ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree是定语从句，先行词是the fifth grade，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故选A。8. A  【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。