2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：板块4第1讲定语从句
展开第1讲 定语从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，which she opened with her late husband Les. 2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. 3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which/that_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. | 1.考查定语从句的关系词，which、that和who考查居多； 2．有时考查非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法。 |
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·石家庄检测一)A new teacher ________ will teach you German will come here tomorrow.
who [考查定语从句。从结构上看，空处是关系代词，修饰先行词A new teacher，指人，并且在从句中作主语，所以要用who。]
2．(2019·重庆第一次调研)The park offers visitors a sight of nature at________ majorities of people never have the chance to take a look.
which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句中的“The park offers visitors a sight of nature”是主句，“at________majorities...a look”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作at的宾语，代指a sight of nature，故填which。]
3．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The WHO says superbugs can also pass along genetic material________helps other bacteria become resistant to drug treatment.
that/which [考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词genetic material。]
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的作用 |
who | 人 | 主语、宾语 |
whom | 人 | 宾语 |
which | 物 | 主语、宾语 |
that | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
whose | 人或物 | 定语 |
as | 人或物 | 主语、宾语、表语 |
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
2．that和which的用法区别
只用that 的情况 | 先行词是all，few，little，much， something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时 |
先行词被the only，the very， the same，all等修饰时 | |
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 | |
先行词既有人又有物时 | |
只用which 的情况 | 引导非限制性定语从句时(逗号隔开时) |
关系代词指物，且前有介词时 |
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今日中国》有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3．as和which的区别
as | as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 |
which | which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 |
“You can't judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.
正如老话说的那样：“人不可貌相”。
[易错提醒] as用在限制性定语从句中时，先行词必须有such，so，as或the same等修饰，且as在从句中作宾语时不能省略。 |
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·河北五个一名校联盟第二次模拟)There are many good websites ________you can check out the latest in the science world.
where [考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。]
2．(2019·河北衡水中学调考)After living in Australia for many years, Louise finally returned to the country________she was born.
where [句意：在澳大利亚生活了许多年之后，路易丝最后回到了她出生的那个国家。先行词为the country，将先行词代入定语从句后为：She was born in the country.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中与介词in一起作地点状语，故填关系副词where。]
3．(2019·山东烟台期末)His interest started a few years ago，________he was in college and studying wildlife science.
when [句意：他的兴趣始于几年前，当时他正在上大学研究野生动物科学。先行词为a few years ago，将先行词代入定语从句后为：He was in college and studying wildlife science a few years ago.，由此可知关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故填when。]
关系副词的基本用法
关系副词 | 先行词 | 在从句中的作用 |
when | 时间名词 | 时间状语 |
where | 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，position，case，stage等) | 地点状语 |
why | the reason | 原因状语 |
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
学生们应该参与社团活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?
你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2019·山西四校联考)In their class there are altogether 54 students, half of ________ wear glasses.
whom [考查定语从句。句意：他们班总共有54名学生，其中有一半学生戴眼镜。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是students，指人，关系词作介词of的宾语，所以用whom。]
2．He wrote many children's books，nearly half of______were published in the 1990s.
which [此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是children's books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。]
3．(2019·沧州二模)We expect you to become someone of________we'll feel very proud in the future.
whom [句意：我们希望你将来能成为我们会为之骄傲的人。feel proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，引导词置于介词of后作宾语，且先行词为someone，指人，故填whom。]
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体的关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newlybuilt café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．首先找准先行词，分析句子结构，根据从句所缺的成分确定关系词的使用。
①如果缺少主、宾、表作定语，需用关系代词；如果缺少状语，则用关系副词。
②确定所缺成分之后，再看先行词是人还是物，是表示时间的名词还是表示地点的名词，是reason还是way等，从而最后确定答案。
2．若先行词指人，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中关系代词用whom，若指物，则用which。牢记that与which, as与which的区别。
