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2020届山东省潍坊市昌乐县高三4月高考模拟英语试题 Word版含答案
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昌乐县2020届高三4月高考模拟
英语试题
2020.4
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Drone X Pro is a shining star on the drone(无人机) market. Here's why it's gone viral.
How does Drone X Pro work？
Start by installing the Drone app to your smartphone (Android and iOS). It takes just minutes. After that, just install（安装）the battery in your drone and launch the app. You're now ready to fly your Drone X Pro！
Why is this drone so special？
The drone is about the size of a large screen smartphone. It's so small that it fits in any pocket or handbag！
Here's the best part: flying is extremely easy. There's no experience required to fly this drone. You can easily control and fly this drone，even if you've never flown a drone in your life. Flying the drone is smooth and natural as riding a bike. Our friend’s son came over to the office, and he figured out how to fly the drone in just minutes. You can't imagine how stable and smooth his controls are！
Once you own this drone，you can enjoy amazing HD pictures of nature，friends，and families. It's a blast！
How much does it cost？
Now，Drone X Pro sells for ＄150 each online and two at a discount of 80％. It's a great deal！If you're not satisfied, return it and you can get your money back.
Because of the easy use，portability, low price，and small size，it's absolutely worth it！
Just imagine amazing pictures and videos you'll be taking with your new Drone X Pro. If you've never flown a drone before，this is the time to start！
Call now！ 400-800-7832 or order yours from the official website www. dronexpro. com.
1. What makes Drone X Pro different from the other drones？
A. It is easy to carry. B. It is unnecessary to install.
C. It is complex to control. D. It is expensive to afford.
2. How does the advertisement prove flying Drone X Pro easy？
A. By sharing some experience. B. By presenting a vivid picture.
C. By stating its operating steps. D. By giving a specific example.
3. How much should you pay to purchase two such drones online？
A.＄120. B.＄150. C. $240. D. $ 300.
B
Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn’t new at all — in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth’s temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier’s ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius’ findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect — still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The climate change. B. The greenhouse effect.
C. The atmosphere. D. The heat from the sun.
5. When did the scientists first find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?
A. In 1824. B. In 1903. C. In 1950. D. 200 years ago.
6. What’s the author’s attitude towards Arrhenius’ wish?
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Ambiguous.
7. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Causes of climate change. B. Effects of greenhouse gases.
C. Findings about global warming. D. Explorations on climate change.
C
It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.
A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.
Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.
So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.
8. What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”?
A. She attracts the viewers to look back.
B. She seems mysterious because of her eyes.
C. She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers.
D. She looks at the viewers wherever they stand.
9.What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?
A. B.
C. D.
10 . Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted?
A. To confirm Horstmann’s belief.
B. To create artificial-intelligence avatars.
C. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze.
D. To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied.
11.What can we learn from the text?
A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.
B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.
C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.
D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgment.
D
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain’s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers’ spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额) .
These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
12. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A. The number of its customers was declining.
B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C. It was in need of financial support.
D. Most of its restaurants were closed.
13. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A. To build a good relationship with the public.
B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C. To learn about customers’ spending power.
D. To meet the challenge from Marcy’s restaurants.
14. What do know about the TV ads of Sparrow?
A. They changed people’s views on pop stars.
B. They amused the public with original songs.
C. They focused on the superiority of its products.
D. They influenced the eating habits of the audience.
15. What was Pearson’s achievement as a CEO?
A. He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.
B. He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C. He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship. 16 Here are some rules you should follow to make sure your next trip with friends goes as smoothly as possible.
17 Sure，you and your friends probably have some similar interests，but that’s not always the case. In an effort to keep everyone happy，go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time. Have each person categorize activities or sights into “must-see” “want to see” and “would go if we have time”. Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top attractions.
Communicate and respect each other. Everyone has personal preferences when travelling—from getting the bed closest to the bathroom or sitting in the airplane’s window seat. But sometimes things don’t go as you like. In this case，share your requirements directly with your travel companions. 18 Have a conversation when problems arise，for communication is the key.
Don’t disappear. When travelling with a group—or even just one other person—you may want some alone time. That’s completely fine，but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you. 19
Get off your phone. Of course，your friends will understand if you need to take a call from a family member，or in the event of a work emergency，but other than that，try to stay off your phone. 20 After all，the appeal of this type of trip is to spend time with friends. Just enjoy it!
A. Give each other some space.
B. Include at least one activity for everyone.
C. And remember that consideration and respect go a long way.
D. At the same time，listen to their concerns and be respectful of them.
E. Don’t respond to non-urgent work contact or send messages frequently.
F. It’s especially true of travelling in foreign countries or unfamiliar places.
G. So it's important to make sure you and your friend(s)are on the same page.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed how the way you feel about yourself sometimes depends on whether or not you get confirmation of your value from others?
I have 21 a lot about nurturing a positive identity of love and appreciation from the man who taught me to train dogs.
First, he started out by 22 his dogs with love and respect, and by showing them an infinite amount of 23 as they were learning.
Then, the 24 thing he did was a true stroke of genius. He would cut a small piece of 25 for each dog. He would place it in the dog's sleeping area, for him to 26 each night. He would also take this carpet during the 27 and set it down in various locations, and sit the dog on the carpet, as he 28 the dog for being good.
Next, Frank would teach the dog to 29 the carpet himself, and carry it to 30 they were going. The dog would then set the carpet down when they 31 , with Frank all of the time praising him. Now Frank said, "The dog begins to feel that he truly 32 in every place he travels to, and no matter where he goes, he 33 my love and appreciation. "
If this strategy 34 so brilliantly with dogs, would it not work just 35 with human beings?
21. A. learned B. accumulated C. improved D. distinguished
22. A. pleasing B. treating C. surrounding D. chasing
23. A. sympathy B. comfort C. patience D. honor
24. A. first B. last C. next D. least
25. A. cloth B. meat C. area D. carpet
26. A. lie on B. hide in C. stand beside D. play with
27. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day
28. A. blamed B. encouraged C. praised D. accompanied
29. A. carry with B. care for C. cut up D. pick up
30. A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
31. A. ran B. stopped C. stood D. turned
32. A. participated B. breaks C. belongs D. corresponds
33. A. receives B. expects C. ignores D. takes
34. A. works B. goes C. agrees D. applies
35. A. as possible B. as well C. better than D. still less
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda，also 36 (know)as panda bear or simply panda，is a bear native 37 south central China. In the past many years，the giant panda 38 (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming，deforestation and other 39 (develop). Wild population estimates vary：one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals 40 (1ive)in the wild，while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that 41 number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.
The West first learned of the giant panda on March 11,1869， 42 the French missionary(传教士) Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter. In 1936，Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner 43 (bring) a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. To protect the pandas，in 2012，Earthwatch Institute，a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important 44 (science) research，launched a program called “On the Trail of Giant Panda”. This program，based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve，allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity (圈养)，and help them 45 (gradual) adapt to life in the wild.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校计划成立“读英文名著”小组，请用英语给你的外教Wilson写一封信邀请他加入，内容包括：
1. 成立的目的；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3. 请他加入的理由。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 (满分25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The most delicious memories seem to happen during the holidays. And like a squirrel preparing for winter, I put them away to enjoy slowly during the long winter months. Sometimes, I enjoy them for years.
Among them are sweetest recollections: my little girls at the church play and the moment they got their first angel wings; a pink dolly stroller(手推车) wheeled into the bedroom with a tiny voice declaring, “Look what Santa Claus brought me!”; or New Year’s snowmen wearing bright scarves borrowed from a grandma’s fragrant drawer.
But there is one memory that is a little bittersweet -- sort of like 80% dark chocolate, but still good for you.
This story brings to mind a colorful candy dish and a very little boy. The occasion was somewhere between Christmas and New Year’s when a few candies in a dish remained behind, a bright spot in dull winter gray.
Wrapped in December’s chill, my then 3-year old grandson, Justin, and I had dashed from the warmth of my parked car into the building where I planned to take care of a few work-related tasks.
A smiling secretary greeted us as we brushed the snowflakes and rubbed our hands to chase the cold. Then with my grandchild close to my side, I busied myself, finishing the items of business that had brought us there. But while his hand remained in mine, his eyes fell on the candy dish sitting nearby.
As we turned to leave, the thoughtful and very observant woman behind the desk asked the question all children wait to hear.
“Honey,” the kindly woman said, peering over her glasses at Justin. “Would you like a candy bar?” she asked, her hand pushing the dish close for an easier reach.
The boy looked up questioningly, his eyes meeting mine, permission hanging in the air. A slight nod from me and then a hurried beeline to the candy dish followed. One candy bar was already in his hand.
“Justin!” I said from the doorway. __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
In the humor of the moment, I felt something hard to swallow. _____________________
___________________________________________________________________________
高三英语参考答案及评分标准
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
1-5 ADCCC 6 -10 BDDBA 11-15 CCABB
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
16-20 GBDFE
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
21-25 ABCCD 26-30 ADCDA 31-35 BCAAB
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. known 37. to 38. has been driven 39. development 40. living
41. the 42. when 43. to bring 44. scientific 45. gradually
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
One possible version:
Dear Wilson,
How are you getting on these days? Our school plans to set up a Reading English Classic Group, and we’d like to invite you to join us.
Reading English classics is a good way to know about the culture of western countries. The group will gather at 4 p.m. every Friday afternoon, and the activity will last one hour. Being a native speaker, you must have a better understanding of English classics. We’ll appreciate it if you can give us some guidance.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
One possible version:
“Justin!” I said from the doorway. By this time his pudgy hands had grabbed one -- and only one -- and he made his way back to me. My voice was somewhat serious as I realized manners had been forgotten. “What do you say?” Hearing this, the little boy turned on his heel, promptly returning to the candy dish. “Get Grandma one, too!” I laughed. The secretary laughed. And even little Justin innocently giggled at the fun we were having.
In the humor of the moment, I felt something hard to swallow. There was a truth that lingered long after the strawberry candy taste had disappeared. What example had I set for this little one while often in my care? Was he learning more about “getting” and less about gratitude -- that heartfelt “thank you”? In the years since, I’ve always loved to remember that moment. But one gift I hope we all leave with our children is the importance of a grateful heart. Really, what could be sweeter?
应用文写作评分标准
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为15分，按五个档次进行评分。
2. 评分时，应主要从内容组织、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：
(1) 对内容要点的覆盖情况以及表述的清楚程度和合理性。
(2) 使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3) 上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，先根据作答的整体情况初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4. 评分时还应注意：
(1) 词数少于60或多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
(2) 单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
(3) 书写较差以致影响交际的，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 成立的目的；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3. 请他加入的理由。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档：(13-15分)能写明全部要点；语言基本无误；行文连贯，表达清楚；
第四档：(10-12分)能写明全部或绝大部分要点；语言有少量错误；行文不够连贯, 表达基本清楚；
第三档：(7-9分)能写明基本要点；语言虽有较多错误，但能基本达意；
第二档：(4-6分)能写出部分要点；语言错误多，影响意思表达；
第一档：(1-3分)只能写出一两个要点；语言错误很多，只有个别句子正确。
读后续写评分标准
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按七个档次进行评分。
2. 评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：
(1) 续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。
(2) 所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3) 上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4. 评分时还应注意：
(1) 词数少于120的，酌情扣分；
(2) 书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分；
(3) 单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第七档
(22—25分)
——创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高；
——使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误很少，且完全不影响理解；
——自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。
第六档
(18—21分)
——创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高；
——使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解；
——比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第五档
(15—17 分)
——创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性,续写基本完整，与原文情境相关；
——使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解；
——使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第四档
(11—14 分)
——创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情境基本相关；
——使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不恰当之处，个别部分影响理解；
——尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第三档
(6—10分)
——内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节；
——所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解；
——未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义欠连贯。
第二档
(1—5分)
——内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节；
——所使用的词汇非常有限,语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解；
——几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
第一档
(0分)
——未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
英语试题
2020.4
注意事项:
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Drone X Pro is a shining star on the drone(无人机) market. Here's why it's gone viral.
How does Drone X Pro work？
Start by installing the Drone app to your smartphone (Android and iOS). It takes just minutes. After that, just install（安装）the battery in your drone and launch the app. You're now ready to fly your Drone X Pro！
Why is this drone so special？
The drone is about the size of a large screen smartphone. It's so small that it fits in any pocket or handbag！
Here's the best part: flying is extremely easy. There's no experience required to fly this drone. You can easily control and fly this drone，even if you've never flown a drone in your life. Flying the drone is smooth and natural as riding a bike. Our friend’s son came over to the office, and he figured out how to fly the drone in just minutes. You can't imagine how stable and smooth his controls are！
Once you own this drone，you can enjoy amazing HD pictures of nature，friends，and families. It's a blast！
How much does it cost？
Now，Drone X Pro sells for ＄150 each online and two at a discount of 80％. It's a great deal！If you're not satisfied, return it and you can get your money back.
Because of the easy use，portability, low price，and small size，it's absolutely worth it！
Just imagine amazing pictures and videos you'll be taking with your new Drone X Pro. If you've never flown a drone before，this is the time to start！
Call now！ 400-800-7832 or order yours from the official website www. dronexpro. com.
1. What makes Drone X Pro different from the other drones？
A. It is easy to carry. B. It is unnecessary to install.
C. It is complex to control. D. It is expensive to afford.
2. How does the advertisement prove flying Drone X Pro easy？
A. By sharing some experience. B. By presenting a vivid picture.
C. By stating its operating steps. D. By giving a specific example.
3. How much should you pay to purchase two such drones online？
A.＄120. B.＄150. C. $240. D. $ 300.
B
Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. But the concept itself isn’t new at all — in fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth’s temperature. Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: As light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. As Fourier’s ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”.
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. After years of work, Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures.
Arrhenius found that CO2, and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. At a lecture later that year, Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”.
While Arrhenius’ findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. By the end of the 1950s, American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect — still, maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The climate change. B. The greenhouse effect.
C. The atmosphere. D. The heat from the sun.
5. When did the scientists first find evidence for the bad effect of global warming?
A. In 1824. B. In 1903. C. In 1950. D. 200 years ago.
6. What’s the author’s attitude towards Arrhenius’ wish?
A. Optimistic. B. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Ambiguous.
7. What’s the main idea of the text?
A. Causes of climate change. B. Effects of greenhouse gases.
C. Findings about global warming. D. Explorations on climate change.
C
It’s common knowledge that the woman in Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous painting seems to look back at observers, following them with her eyes no matter where they stand in the room. But this common knowledge turns out wrong.
A new study finds that the woman in the painting is actually looking out at an angle that’s 15.4 degrees off to the observer’s right—well outside of the range that people normally believe when they think someone is looking right at them. In other words, said the study author, Horstmann, “She’s not looking at you.” This is somewhat ironic, because the entire phenomenon of a person’s gaze (凝视) in a photograph or painting seeming to follow the viewer is called the “Mona Lisa effect” . That effect is absolutely real, Horstmann said. If a person is illustrated or photographed looking straight ahead, even people viewing the portrait from an angle will feel they are being looked at. As long as the angle of the person’s gaze is no more than about 5 degrees off to either side, the Mona Lisa effect occurs.
Horstmann and his co-author were studying this effect for its application in the creation of artificial-intelligence avatars(虚拟头像) when Horstmann took a long look at the “Mona Lisa” and realized she wasn’t looking at him. To make sure it wasn’t just him, the researchers asked 24 people to view images of the “Mona Lisa” on a computer screen.
So why do people repeat the belief that her eyes seem to follow the viewer? Horstmann isn’t sure. It’s possible, he said, that people have the desire to be looked at, so they think the woman is looking straight at them. Or maybe the people who first coined the term “Mona Lisa effect” just thought it was a cool name.
8. What is generally believed about the woman in the painting “Mona Lisa”?
A. She attracts the viewers to look back.
B. She seems mysterious because of her eyes.
C. She fixes her eyes on the back of the viewers.
D. She looks at the viewers wherever they stand.
9.What gaze range in a painting will cause the Mona Lisa effect?
A. B.
C. D.
10 . Why was the experiment involving 24 people conducted?
A. To confirm Horstmann’s belief.
B. To create artificial-intelligence avatars.
C. To calculate the angle of Mona Lisa’s gaze.
D. To explain how the Mona Lisa effect can be applied.
11.What can we learn from the text?
A. Horstmann thinks it’s cool to coin the term “Mona Lisa effect”.
B. The Mona Lisa effect contributes to the creation of artificial intelligence.
C. Feeling being gazed at by Mona Lisa may be caused by the desire for attention.
D. The position of the ruler in the experiment will influence the viewers’ judgment.
D
Sparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.
Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.
Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Sparrow brand. The chain’s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers’ spending power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.
The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intention was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.
Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover (营业额) .
These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.
12. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?
A. The number of its customers was declining.
B. Its customers found the food unhealthy.
C. It was in need of financial support.
D. Most of its restaurants were closed.
13. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?
A. To build a good relationship with the public.
B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow.
C. To learn about customers’ spending power.
D. To meet the challenge from Marcy’s restaurants.
14. What do know about the TV ads of Sparrow?
A. They changed people’s views on pop stars.
B. They amused the public with original songs.
C. They focused on the superiority of its products.
D. They influenced the eating habits of the audience.
15. What was Pearson’s achievement as a CEO?
A. He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.
B. He made Sparrow much more competitive.
C. He helped Sparrow take over a company.
D. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travelling with friends can be an absolutely amazing experience where you could make lifelong memories or it could end up ruining your friendship. 16 Here are some rules you should follow to make sure your next trip with friends goes as smoothly as possible.
17 Sure，you and your friends probably have some similar interests，but that’s not always the case. In an effort to keep everyone happy，go over travel plans and expectations ahead of time. Have each person categorize activities or sights into “must-see” “want to see” and “would go if we have time”. Plan accordingly and make sure everyone can see some of their top attractions.
Communicate and respect each other. Everyone has personal preferences when travelling—from getting the bed closest to the bathroom or sitting in the airplane’s window seat. But sometimes things don’t go as you like. In this case，share your requirements directly with your travel companions. 18 Have a conversation when problems arise，for communication is the key.
Don’t disappear. When travelling with a group—or even just one other person—you may want some alone time. That’s completely fine，but make sure your friends know where you are and have a way of contacting you. 19
Get off your phone. Of course，your friends will understand if you need to take a call from a family member，or in the event of a work emergency，but other than that，try to stay off your phone. 20 After all，the appeal of this type of trip is to spend time with friends. Just enjoy it!
A. Give each other some space.
B. Include at least one activity for everyone.
C. And remember that consideration and respect go a long way.
D. At the same time，listen to their concerns and be respectful of them.
E. Don’t respond to non-urgent work contact or send messages frequently.
F. It’s especially true of travelling in foreign countries or unfamiliar places.
G. So it's important to make sure you and your friend(s)are on the same page.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever noticed how the way you feel about yourself sometimes depends on whether or not you get confirmation of your value from others?
I have 21 a lot about nurturing a positive identity of love and appreciation from the man who taught me to train dogs.
First, he started out by 22 his dogs with love and respect, and by showing them an infinite amount of 23 as they were learning.
Then, the 24 thing he did was a true stroke of genius. He would cut a small piece of 25 for each dog. He would place it in the dog's sleeping area, for him to 26 each night. He would also take this carpet during the 27 and set it down in various locations, and sit the dog on the carpet, as he 28 the dog for being good.
Next, Frank would teach the dog to 29 the carpet himself, and carry it to 30 they were going. The dog would then set the carpet down when they 31 , with Frank all of the time praising him. Now Frank said, "The dog begins to feel that he truly 32 in every place he travels to, and no matter where he goes, he 33 my love and appreciation. "
If this strategy 34 so brilliantly with dogs, would it not work just 35 with human beings?
21. A. learned B. accumulated C. improved D. distinguished
22. A. pleasing B. treating C. surrounding D. chasing
23. A. sympathy B. comfort C. patience D. honor
24. A. first B. last C. next D. least
25. A. cloth B. meat C. area D. carpet
26. A. lie on B. hide in C. stand beside D. play with
27. A. morning B. afternoon C. evening D. day
28. A. blamed B. encouraged C. praised D. accompanied
29. A. carry with B. care for C. cut up D. pick up
30. A. wherever B. whenever C. however D. whatever
31. A. ran B. stopped C. stood D. turned
32. A. participated B. breaks C. belongs D. corresponds
33. A. receives B. expects C. ignores D. takes
34. A. works B. goes C. agrees D. applies
35. A. as possible B. as well C. better than D. still less
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The giant panda，also 36 (know)as panda bear or simply panda，is a bear native 37 south central China. In the past many years，the giant panda 38 (drive) out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming，deforestation and other 39 (develop). Wild population estimates vary：one estimate shows that there are about 1,590 individuals 40 (1ive)in the wild，while a 2006 study estimated that this figure could be as high as 2,000 to 3,000. Some reports also show that 41 number of giant pandas in the wild is on the rise.
The West first learned of the giant panda on March 11,1869， 42 the French missionary(传教士) Armand David received a panda skin from a hunter. In 1936，Ruth Harkness became the first Westerner 43 (bring) a live giant panda named Su Lin to the Brookfield Zoo in Chicago. To protect the pandas，in 2012，Earthwatch Institute，a global nonprofit that teams volunteers with scientists to conduct important 44 (science) research，launched a program called “On the Trail of Giant Panda”. This program，based in the Wolong National Nature Reserve，allows volunteers to work up close with pandas cared for in captivity (圈养)，and help them 45 (gradual) adapt to life in the wild.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华，你校计划成立“读英文名著”小组，请用英语给你的外教Wilson写一封信邀请他加入，内容包括：
1. 成立的目的；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3. 请他加入的理由。
注意：
1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 (满分25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
The most delicious memories seem to happen during the holidays. And like a squirrel preparing for winter, I put them away to enjoy slowly during the long winter months. Sometimes, I enjoy them for years.
Among them are sweetest recollections: my little girls at the church play and the moment they got their first angel wings; a pink dolly stroller(手推车) wheeled into the bedroom with a tiny voice declaring, “Look what Santa Claus brought me!”; or New Year’s snowmen wearing bright scarves borrowed from a grandma’s fragrant drawer.
But there is one memory that is a little bittersweet -- sort of like 80% dark chocolate, but still good for you.
This story brings to mind a colorful candy dish and a very little boy. The occasion was somewhere between Christmas and New Year’s when a few candies in a dish remained behind, a bright spot in dull winter gray.
Wrapped in December’s chill, my then 3-year old grandson, Justin, and I had dashed from the warmth of my parked car into the building where I planned to take care of a few work-related tasks.
A smiling secretary greeted us as we brushed the snowflakes and rubbed our hands to chase the cold. Then with my grandchild close to my side, I busied myself, finishing the items of business that had brought us there. But while his hand remained in mine, his eyes fell on the candy dish sitting nearby.
As we turned to leave, the thoughtful and very observant woman behind the desk asked the question all children wait to hear.
“Honey,” the kindly woman said, peering over her glasses at Justin. “Would you like a candy bar?” she asked, her hand pushing the dish close for an easier reach.
The boy looked up questioningly, his eyes meeting mine, permission hanging in the air. A slight nod from me and then a hurried beeline to the candy dish followed. One candy bar was already in his hand.
“Justin!” I said from the doorway. __________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
In the humor of the moment, I felt something hard to swallow. _____________________
___________________________________________________________________________
高三英语参考答案及评分标准
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
1-5 ADCCC 6 -10 BDDBA 11-15 CCABB
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
16-20 GBDFE
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
21-25 ABCCD 26-30 ADCDA 31-35 BCAAB
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. known 37. to 38. has been driven 39. development 40. living
41. the 42. when 43. to bring 44. scientific 45. gradually
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
One possible version:
Dear Wilson,
How are you getting on these days? Our school plans to set up a Reading English Classic Group, and we’d like to invite you to join us.
Reading English classics is a good way to know about the culture of western countries. The group will gather at 4 p.m. every Friday afternoon, and the activity will last one hour. Being a native speaker, you must have a better understanding of English classics. We’ll appreciate it if you can give us some guidance.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
One possible version:
“Justin!” I said from the doorway. By this time his pudgy hands had grabbed one -- and only one -- and he made his way back to me. My voice was somewhat serious as I realized manners had been forgotten. “What do you say?” Hearing this, the little boy turned on his heel, promptly returning to the candy dish. “Get Grandma one, too!” I laughed. The secretary laughed. And even little Justin innocently giggled at the fun we were having.
In the humor of the moment, I felt something hard to swallow. There was a truth that lingered long after the strawberry candy taste had disappeared. What example had I set for this little one while often in my care? Was he learning more about “getting” and less about gratitude -- that heartfelt “thank you”? In the years since, I’ve always loved to remember that moment. But one gift I hope we all leave with our children is the importance of a grateful heart. Really, what could be sweeter?
应用文写作评分标准
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为15分，按五个档次进行评分。
2. 评分时，应主要从内容组织、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：
(1) 对内容要点的覆盖情况以及表述的清楚程度和合理性。
(2) 使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3) 上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，先根据作答的整体情况初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4. 评分时还应注意：
(1) 词数少于60或多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
(2) 单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
(3) 书写较差以致影响交际的，将分数降低一个档次。
二、内容要点
1. 成立的目的；
2. 活动时间和地点；
3. 请他加入的理由。
三、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档：(13-15分)能写明全部要点；语言基本无误；行文连贯，表达清楚；
第四档：(10-12分)能写明全部或绝大部分要点；语言有少量错误；行文不够连贯, 表达基本清楚；
第三档：(7-9分)能写明基本要点；语言虽有较多错误，但能基本达意；
第二档：(4-6分)能写出部分要点；语言错误多，影响意思表达；
第一档：(1-3分)只能写出一两个要点；语言错误很多，只有个别句子正确。
读后续写评分标准
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按七个档次进行评分。
2. 评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：
(1) 续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。
(2) 所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3) 上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3. 评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。
4. 评分时还应注意：
(1) 词数少于120的，酌情扣分；
(2) 书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分；
(3) 单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第七档
(22—25分)
——创造了新颖、丰富、合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高；
——使用了多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达流畅，语言错误很少，且完全不影响理解；
——自然有效地使用了段落间、语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，前后呼应，意义连贯。
第六档
(18—21分)
——创造了比较丰富、合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度较高；
——使用了比较多样且恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达比较流畅，有个别错误，但不影响理解；
——比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第五档
(15—17 分)
——创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性,续写基本完整，与原文情境相关；
——使用了比较恰当的词汇和语法结构，表达方式不够多样性，表达有些许错误，但基本不影响理解；
——使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
第四档
(11—14 分)
——创造了基本完整的故事内容，但有的情节不够合理或逻辑性不强，与原文情境基本相关；
——使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有部分语言错误和不恰当之处，个别部分影响理解；
——尚有语句衔接的意识，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第三档
(6—10分)
——内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节；
——所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多且比较低级，影响理解；
——未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义欠连贯。
第二档
(1—5分)
——内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基本脱节；
——所使用的词汇非常有限,语法结构单调，错误极多，严重影响理解；
——几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。
第一档
(0分)
——未作答；所写内容太少或无法看清以致无法评判；所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求完全不相关。
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