2019届北京市东城区高三下学期综合练习（一）英语试卷（解析版）

北京市东城区2018—2019学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）
英语试题
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Tons of waste is being left on Mount Qomolangma by a ___1___ (grow) number of visitors, which bothers many people. A team will deal with the task ___2___ the climbing season ends this May, by which time there will be fewer visitors. Garbage ___3___ (collect) on Qomolangma requires two to three years of training, according to Cering Dandar, a mountaineer and guide.
【答案】1. growing
2. when/after
3. collection
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。讲述了珠穆拉玛峰上随着游客增多而带来的成吨的垃圾困扰了许多人。
【1题详解】
考查形容词。句意：越来越多的游客在珠穆朗玛峰上留下了大量的垃圾，这让很多人感到困扰。number为名词，需要形容词修饰，故填growing。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：一个团队将在今年5月登山季节结束后处理这项任务。表示“在五月登山季节结束之后”应用after；也可以填when，表示“当五月登山季节结束时”，引导时间状语从句。
【3题详解】
考查名词。句意：登山运动员兼导游Cering Dandar表示，珠峰上的垃圾收集工作需要两到三年的培训。此处作句子的主语，需要名词形式，且根据谓语requires为第三人称单数形式，故填单数collection。
B
Food is one of the most basic and important daily needs. It gives us the strength and energy we need ___4___ (work) and play. Food also plays a role in our social interactions. Whether we ___5___ (celebrate) important occasions or just relaxing with friends, eating is an important social pastime. It is also an important part of our culture. ___6___ a particular people like to eat can tell us a lot ___7___ a country’s geography, history and traditions.
【答案】4. to work
5. are celebrating
6. What 7. about
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。描述了食物是最基本和最重要的日常需求之一。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它给了我们工作和玩耍所需要的力量和能量。此处不定式表目的，故填to work。
【5题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：不论我们是否正在庆祝重要的时刻或是和朋友休闲，饮食都是一个重要的社交娱乐。根据下文并列位于relaxing可知，本句用现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，且主语为we，故填are celebrating。
【6题详解】
考查连接词。本句为主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指物，故用关系代词what。
【7题详解】
考查介词。短语tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人关于某事”后跟介词about，故填about。
C
Going to museums has become a trendy thing to do during the holidays in China. A popular choice this Spring Festival was the Palace Museum, ___8___ a special exhibition was staged to provide a virtual royal experience for visitors. The entire museum ___9___ (decorate) with newly-restored ancient royal lanterns and spring couplets, including a set of the Chinese character “Fu” ___10___ (write) by five Qing Dynasty emperors.
【答案】8. where
9. was decorated
10. written
【解析】
这是一段说明文。讲述了在中国节假日去博物馆已经成为一件时髦的事情。
【8题详解】
考查连接词。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the Palace Museum，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，故用关系副词where。
【9题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：整个博物馆用新修复的古代皇家灯笼和春联装饰。本句主语和谓语构成被动，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时，主语为单数，故填was decorated。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故write只能做非谓语与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用过去分词written。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
During my second year in high school, I got sick and missed a few days. When I ___11___, I was greeted with two essays due, three days of math and history homework, plus several tests. ___12___ I went home from school that day exhausted, I had to stay up really late to finish them all.
The next day at school, I got a rude awakening: I’d totally forgotten to prepare for the ___13___ on Romeo and Juliet, which I’d take ___14___ my lunch hour! Worse still, I had ___15___ the in-class discussion and all the notes. When lunch came, I went to the English room to face my certain doom(厄运). All I could do was try to ___16___ on the questions I didn’t know.
As it turned out, I didn’t know the majority of the questions. I was just about to give ___17___ when my pencil accidentally fell and broke. Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil, I ___18___ down and there in full view lay the answer sheet for the test! What good fortune! I can kiss good-bye to all my ___19___ of failing the test! My heart started beating, and my brain ___20___, Yes! Read over the answers—quickly! This was quickly followed by another voice, No! You’ll get caught! My mind turning back and forth, Yes! No! Yes! No! …This went on for ten of the ___21___ seconds in my entire life.
Finally, I decided to finish the test on my own, without ___22___! I was satisfied with my decision but pretty ___23___ I had failed the test.
The next day when I walked into the English room, my great joy of having been an ___24___ soul changed into a wave of doom as I saw my test paper lying face down on my desk. I knew what awaited me. I stared at it a few seconds before I got up the ___25___ to turn it over.
You can only imagine my ___26___ when I learned that I had passed the test! I have never in my whole life been so happy to see my ___27___, a C-.
My mom says the victories that ___28___ the most courage are won within. Now I know ___29___ what she means. Now not only can my conscience(良心) rest easy, but I don’t have to worry about getting caught and meeting a sad ___30___ like Romeo and Juliet.
11. A. arrived B. returned C. appeared D. finished
12. A. If B. Because C. Until D. Although
13. A. lecture B. essay C. play D. test
14. A. by B. upon C. over D. toward
15. A. missed B. carried C. lost D. dropped
16. A. depend B. agree C. guess D. improve
17. A. in B. off C. out D. away
18. A. wrote B. settled C. calmed D. looked
19. A. boredom B. worries C. loneliness D. tiredness
20. A. whispered B. warned C. persuaded D. chanted
21. A. coldest B. saddest C. longest D. fastest
22. A. suffering B. checking C. cheating D. thinking
23. A. certain B. regretful C. annoyed D. relieved
24. A. open B. honest C. optimistic D. energetic
25. A. wisdom B. encouragement C. intention D. nerve
26. A. anxiety B. shock C. fear D. appreciation
27. A. paper B. credit C. rate D. grade
28. A. take B. put C. find D. gain
29. A. gradually B. exactly C. willingly D. seemingly
30. A. film B. fact C. ending D. love
【答案】11. B 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者由于生病缺席了课业，结果忘了准备一次测试，只能靠猜答案来做题。在考试途中作者的笔偶然摔断了，因此在黑板旁边削笔时发现可以看到答案，因此内心挣扎要不要靠作弊来通过考试。结果作者还是诚实地完成了测试，本以为一定会不及格，结果得到了C-的故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. arrived到达；B. returned回到；C. appeared 出现；D. finished完成。根据下文two essays可知作者回到了学校，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. If如果；B. Because因为；C. Until直到才；D. Although尽管。根据下文I had to stay up really late to finish them all可知“尽管”作者每天疲惫地从学校回到家，还是要熬夜到很晚。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. lecture演讲；B. essay散文；C. play剧本；D. test测试。根据第三段the answer sheet for the test可知这是一次关于罗密欧和朱丽叶的测试，故选D。
【14题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. by借助；B. upon在……之上；C. over越过；D. toward朝着。作者因为没有准备考试，因此只能“占用”午饭时间来准备考试。take over“占用”，故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. missed错过；B. carried搬运；C. lost失去；D. dropped掉下。根据上文Worse still可知作者错过了课堂讨论和笔记。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. depend依靠；B. agree同意；C. guess猜测；D. improve促进。作者没有准备只能“猜”问题的答案。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。A. in屈服；B. off发出；C. out分发；D. away赠送。根据下文可知作者刚要屈服的时候，作者的笔偶然掉下去摔断了。give in“屈服”故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. wrote书写；B. settled解决；C. calmed冷静；D. looked看着。根据上文Standing by the blackboard可知作者站在黑板旁边，向下看可以看到试卷的答案。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. boredom厌倦；B. worries担忧；C. loneliness寂寞；D. tiredness疲惫。句意：我再也不用担心考试不及格了!故选B。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. whispered耳语；B. warned警告；C. persuaded劝说；D. chanted吟唱。句意：我的心脏开始狂跳，我的大脑在对我私语。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. coldest最冷的；B. saddest最悲伤的；C. longest最长的；D. fastest最快的。句意：这是我人生中最长的十秒钟。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. suffering遭受；B. checking检查；C. cheating欺骗；D. thinking思考。根据上文I decided to finish the test on my own可知作者决定不作弊自己完成测试，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. certain确信；B. regretful后悔的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. relieved减轻。作者没有准备因此非常确信自己会不及格。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. open打开的；B. honest诚实的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. energetic精力充沛的。作者没有作弊，因此是诚实带来的愉悦。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. wisdom智慧；B. encouragement鼓励；C. intention意图；D. nerve神经。句意：我盯着它看了几秒钟，才鼓起勇气把它翻过来。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. anxiety焦虑；B. shock震惊；C. fear害怕；D. appreciation欣赏。根据下文when I learned that I had passed the test可知作者通过了测试非常震惊，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. paper纸；B. credit信用；C. rate比率；D. grade成绩。根据下文C-可知是看到了成绩，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. take带走；B. put放；C. find发现；D. gain获得。句意：我妈妈说，最需要勇气的胜利是发自内心的。take courage“鼓起勇气”，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. gradually逐渐地；B. exactly精确地；C. willingly乐意地；D. seemingly看来似乎。句意：现在我完全明白她的意思了。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. film电影；B. fact事实；C. ending结束；D. love爱。句意：现在，我的良心不仅可以得到放松，而且我也不必担心会被抓住，像罗密欧与朱丽叶那样遭遇悲惨的结局。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Perfect Sleep Chair is designed to be the most comfortable recliner chair. Whether you are sitting upright, relaxing in your favorite TV viewing position, or lying completely flat for sleeping, it’s like being on a cloud. A cloud that has built-in heat and massage settings to match your own personal comfort level. It even has a battery backup in case of a power cut.

With Perfect Sleep Chair, there’s a perfect position for everybody, even those that prefer to lie flat but want the additional support that most mattresses(垫子) don’t provide. At the touch of a button, the Perfect Sleep Chair gently lifts you to an almost standing position so you can get back on your feet with ease. Some owners use this feature daily, while others use it when recovering from an illness.
Time and time again, our customers tell us they are tired of having to replace their recliners due to quality issues. We hear you! That is why the Perfect Sleep Chair is handmade in the USA using quality hardwoods and only the highest quality upholster(垫衬物). Each chair is carefully crafted by workers and not just a bunch of robots. Every chair structure is guaranteed for life and the electronic components are generously warranted for three years. Simply put, it’s the highest quality chair on the market—but it doesn’t end there…
When you purchase the Perfect Sleep Chair, you’ll get your choice of cloth and colors! You’ll also receive White Glove Delivery. Professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it, unpack it, inspect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away!
To ensure that your product and purchase process is of the highest quality, our customer service team is here to answer any question, five days a week, from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. Please call us at 800-958-8324.
31. According to the advertisement, Perfect Sleep Chair . （事实信息）
A. helps detect illnesses
B. supports various body positions
C. comes with an additional mattress
D. adjusts its temperature accordingly
32. What is the key feature of Perfect Sleep Chair introduced in Paragraph 3? (推理判断)
A. It is safe. B. It is lasting.
C. It is portable. D. It is comfortable.
33. What service can customers receive?
A. Home delivery. B. Free replacement.
C. A 24-hour hotline. D. A money-back guarantee.
【答案】31. B 32. B 33. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。介绍了一种支持各种各样身体姿势的椅子Perfect Sleep Chair以及它的特色。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。第一段第二句Whether you are sitting upright, relaxing in your favorite TV viewing position, or lying completely flat for sleeping, it’s like being on a cloud.可知不管你是笔直地坐着，还是以你最喜欢的看电视的姿势放松，还是完全平躺着睡觉，Perfect Sleep Chair都可以。故Perfect Sleep Chair支持各种各样的身体姿势。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句Every chair structure is guaranteed for life and the electronic components are generously warranted for three years.可知每一把椅子的结构都是终身保修的，电子元件的保修期为三年。可推理得第三段介绍了Perfect Sleep Chair的一个重要性能是持久耐用，故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句You’ll also receive White Glove Delivery. Professionals will carry the chair to the exact spot in your home where you want it, unpack it, inspect it, test it, position it, and even take the packaging away!可知专业人士会把椅子搬到你家里你想要的地方，打开它，检查它，测试它，定位它，甚至把包装拿走!可知顾客可以收到送货上门服务，故选A。
B
In the short time Steve and Zach had been inside their tent packing their tools, wind-blown flame had skipped from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer had turned the forest into a tinderbox.
“Let’s go! We can make it back to the river we crossed today!” Steve kept Brady on the lead and their heads down against the fire-wind. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. The dog was pulling at his lead trying to draw them away from the smoke, and yet Steve was uneasy. It seemed to him that they were moving away from the river.
Suddenly, Zach cried. “Zach!” Steve shouted. “Are you OK? Where are you?” Then Brady pulled Steve down a sharp slope(坡). At its base, Zach was rubbing his ankle.
As Steve helped his friend to his feet, Brady lifted his head and snuffed(嗅) the smoke-laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared. The boys shouted for him, but he didn’t come back. Steve couldn’t blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.
Steve and Zach hadn’t gone far when there was a familiar bark, and Brady came bounding, stopped directly in front of Steve and hit him with his head, pushing him back toward the slope they’d just climbed. But Steve didn’t get it. Then Brady grabbed the boy’s jeans and started pulling. The message was clear, but Steve hesitated. Of course he remembered Brady saving his uncle’s life when the dog was much younger. Was he still sharp enough to get them through this?
Nearby, a pine went up in a whoosh of smoke. Brady pulled again, urgently. “OK, big guy,” Steve gritted(咬紧牙关). Brady led them back down the slope and into the trees. Not far from them fire was touching underbrush. Several times the big dog stopped. Often he changed directions. Steve was so tired that he just wanted to rest, but Brady wouldn’t have it. The dog bullied both boys to go on. How long they’d walked Steve had no idea. He was almost numb when he heard it—the wonderful sound of rushing water!
34. What happened to Steve and Zach at first?
A. They got injured. B. They lost their dog.
C. They were trapped. D. They became separated.
35. Brady ran away to ______.
A. seek help B. find a way out
C. rescue Zach D. escape for life
36. How did Steve feel after Brady pulled his jeans?
A. Uneasy. B. Impatient.
C. Numb. D. Uncertain.
37. The passage basically describes ________.
A. an adventure B. an exploration
C. an escape game D. a training program
【答案】34. D 35. B 36. D 37. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了Steve 和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。第三段第二句Steve shouted. “Are you OK? Where are you?”可知一开始Steve 和Zach走散了，故选D。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。第四段最后一句He himself wanted to run even though he didn’t have a clue which way.可知Brady奔跑的原因是想要找到路。故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段The message was clear, but Steve hesitated.可知当Brady脱下牛仔裤后，Steve犹豫了，故选D。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要记叙了Steve 和Zach在森林里一次遇到大火的冒险故事。故选A。
C
Most groups of plants and animals are richer in species and more plentiful near the equator. In the ocean, that holds true for cold-blooded predators(掠食者). But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots. Why?
John Grady, an ecologist, and his team considered the possibility—warm-blooded animals need a lot to fuel their metabolism(新陈代谢). Perhaps colder waters are just richer in small fish? But they found that at higher, colder places, there isn’t actually much more food around. It’s more that warm-blooded animals are eating a much bigger share of it than their cold-blooded competitors.
The real explanation is simple. An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive. By contrast, the fish they hunt become slower and duller. At some tipping point of temperature, seals, dolphins, and penguins start outswimming their prey(猎物). They become more likely to come upon targets and outpace the cold-blooded predators of their own.
In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals. By keeping food to themselves in the poles, these creatures can then specialize on specific types of prey, which makes them more likely to split into separate species. The killer whales of the North Pacific, for example, include mammal-eating transients and fish-eating, year-round residents.
But the world is changing. It’s likely that the surface of the oceans will warm by 2 to 3℃ within this century. Grady’s team estimates that every time the ocean’s surface warms by 1℃, populations of sea mammals will fall by 12%, and populations of seals and sea lions will fall by 24%.
But “predictions are hard,” Donna Hauser from the University of Alaska Fairbanks notes. “Polar bears are losers of a warming world, but some populations are still doing well. Some groups of whales have changed the timing of their migrations; others are hunting in deeper, colder waters. These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates. Maybe they just need to find the places where fish remain slow, stupid and cold.”
38. Why are there more types of warm-blooded predators near the poles?
A. Because there is more food.
B. Because there are fewer enemies.
C. Because they are faster and wiser.
D. Because they consume less energy.
39. The author mentions the killer whales to show ______.
A. the benefit of biological evolution
B. food preference of different sea mammals
C. the distinction of specific types of predators
D. the advantage of constant body temperature
40. What is Donna Hauser’s attitude towards the future of the sea mammals?
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Sceptical.
41. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Are the Poles Heaven for Sea Predators?
B. How Do Sea Mammals Track Their Prey?
C. Why Do the Warm-Blooded Like Food Cold?
D. Is the World Too Hot for the Warm-Blooded?
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。在赤道附近，大多数动植物种类更丰富，数量也更多。但是温血食肉动物在两极的分布更加多样化，在一些温暖的热点地区明显缺失。文章并且分析了这一想象的原因。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。第三段第二句An animal’s speed, swiftness, and intelligence depend on its metabolism, which in turn depends on its temperature. Since birds and mammals can keep heating their bodies in icy conditions, they remain fast and attentive.可知动物的速度、速度和智力取决于它的新陈代谢，而新陈代谢又取决于它的体温。由于鸟类和哺乳动物可以在寒冷的环境中保持体温，所以它们保持快速和专注。因此极地附近有更多种类的温血掠食者是因为他们更快更聪明。故选C。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第一句In Grady’s words, “Warm-bodied predators are favoured where preys are slow, stupid and cold.” That’s why sharks and other predatory fish dominate near the equator, but colder waters are the kingdom of whales and seals.可知 “身体温暖的捕食者更喜欢那些行动缓慢、愚蠢和寒冷的猎物。”“这就是为什么鲨鱼和其他掠食性鱼类在赤道附近占统治地位，而较冷的水域则是鲸鱼和海豹的王国。故作者提到鲸鱼是为了说明恒温动物的优点，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句These changes might make sea mammals more adaptable to changing climates.可知Donna Hauser认为这些变化可能使海洋哺乳动物更能适应不断变化的气候。他对于海洋哺乳动物的未来是积极乐观的。故选A。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段第三句But warm-blooded predators are more diverse toward the poles and noticeably missing from several warm hot spots.以及本文主要内容是分析温血食肉动物在两极的分布更多的原因，故选C。
D
Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course. The demands of his major, he said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.
The students’ conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education. In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation, sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction.
Actually, I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course. I would have started by reminding him that, for much of America’s history, college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy, literature, political theory and history. The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university’s function in society.
I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market. It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm. All these skills are developed in humanities courses.
Further, I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.
Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction. The ratio between average median(中位数) incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering, and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.
The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived. A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.
By all means, students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests, but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance, or researching into modern poetry, or even taking introductory philosophy, we will all benefit.
42. What do the students’ conversation show?
A. Students feel employment difficult.
B. Students think philosophy less important.
C. Students find scientific innovation amazing.
D. Students consider university courses unsatisfying.
43. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Highly valued. B. Equally applied.
C. Strictly assessed. D. Greatly improved.
44. The author may agree that humanities _____.
A. discover students’ artistic ability
B. prepare students for graduation
C. raise awareness of social status
D. provide great insights into life
45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者就“哲学课程是否没那么重要”展开了论述，提出自己的看法和论证依据。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句The demands of his major, he said seriously, meant he needed to take “practical” courses, and “enlightenment” would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.可知对话中学生提到他需要学习“实用”课程，而“启蒙”只能等一等。目前，就业能力是最重要的。可知学生的对话显示出学生认为哲学不那么重要。故选B。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be.可知人类独特的创造力、想象力和道德推理能力都是在人文学科课程中培养出来的，这些才是真正有价值的，故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。倒数第二段最后一句It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life’s challenges.可知作者认为人们科学培养批判性思维、自我反省、同理心和宽容，只有当一个人应对生活中的挑战时，这些品质的作用才会变得更加明显。故人文科学提供了对生活的深刻见解。故选D。
【45题详解】
文章结构类。根据文章结构首先通过学生的对话引入文章话题；然后分为三个论点；其中第二个论点中再展开了三个次要点。故D选项最符合文章结构。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? ____46____ Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
___47___ Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. ____48____ However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
___49___ We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. ____50____ Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A. Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?
B. A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C. Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?
D. The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F. People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
【答案】46. A 47. D
48. E 49. B
50. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【46题详解】
根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach?可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
【47题详解】
本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
【49题详解】
根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
【50题详解】
根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想了解北京近几年发生了怎样的变化。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1．变化；
2．原因；
3．感受。
注意：1．词数不少于50；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m very glad to know that you are interested in the changes in Beijing. Let me tell you some of the developments during the past few years.
I have witnessed many great changes in my city. The most impressive one is the rapid development of transportation. In the past, people travelled mainly by bus. Nowadays, with more and more subway lines built, it is much faster and more convenient for people to go almost everywhere. Additionally, the spread of public bikes helps people travel any distance more easily. All these couldn’t have happened without the measures taken by the government and applications of new technology.
I enjoy these conveniences every day and feel proud of my city. I am confident that Beijing will become more liveable in the future. Just come and have a look yourself!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封邮件；假设你是红星中学学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想了解北京近几年发生了怎样的变化。请给他回复邮件，内容包括：1．变化；2．原因；3．感受。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：be interested in（感兴趣），witnessed many great changes（见证了很多变化），impressive（令人印象深刻的），public bikes（共享单车）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Nowadays, with more and more subway lines built, it is much faster and more convenient for people to go almost everywhere.with的复合结构的运用。All these couldn’t have happened without the measures taken by the government and applications of new technology.非谓语动词的运用。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学学生李华。你和同学在寒假期间去医院参加了志愿者活动，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍此次经历。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：自助挂号机 self-service registration machine




____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last winter vacation, my classmates and I worked as volunteers in a hospital.
On our first morning, a doctor gave us a lecture, informing us of our roles as volunteers. It was the first time for me to know the daily routines in a hospital.
The next morning, fully prepared, we went to different posts and started our job. Together with my classmates, I assisted some patients when they didn’t know how to use the self-service registration machine. For senior citizens, we helped them register to save them the trouble.
Besides, I showed people the way to different consulting rooms. For those elderly patients, we accompanied them all the way until it was their appointment time. They really appreciated our help.
Later I shared my picture in the hospital on WeChat Moments. In no time, I received lots of likes from my friends. Some even expressed their great interest in the voluntary work. Actually, I had the most amazing experience doing very simple things for others.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇图画类写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇记叙文；假设你是红星中学学生李华。你和同学在寒假期间去医院参加了志愿者活动，请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍此次经历。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：the daily routines（日常工作），the self-service registration machine（自助挂号机），save them the trouble（避免了麻烦），consulting rooms（咨询室）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如On our first morning, a doctor gave us a lecture, informing us of our roles as volunteers.非谓语动词的运用。I assisted some patients when they didn’t know how to use the self-service registration machine.时间状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。