2019年上海市高考模拟1英语试题(解析版)
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上海市英语高考模拟试卷(一)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A (10%)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation,a question will he asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. $11. B. $6. C. $4. D. $7.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
2.
A. An appointment. B. A surprise party. C. A picnic. D. A concert.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
3.
A. In a bank. B. At an airport. C. At a station. D. In a post office.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
4.
A. Happy. B. Regretful. C. Disappointed. D. Sad.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
5.
A. The class usually begins at three.
B. Professor Smith didn’t have class today.
C. The woman’s class was allowed to leave ahead of time.
D. The woman wasn’t with the others.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
6.
A. A cup of tea is enough. B. She doesn’t like tea.
C. She wants another cup of tea. D. She doesn’t know why she likes tea.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
7.
A. She is much surprised. B. She is very excited.
C. She is unhappy. D. She is amused.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
8.
A. Come back again to apply for the job.
B. Think about whether she should quit her job.
C. Get some training before she quits her job.
D. Apply for an additional part-time job.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
9.
A. They are studying hard for finals.
B. The school year seems to go by very quickly.
C. They’ve been in school for a few weeks.
D. Even though finals are over, they still have to study for a few weeks.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
10.
A. He went home early. B. He went to see Mary.
C. He was badly hurt. D. He came home later than expected.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
Section B (15%)
Directions : In Section B,you will hear two passages and one Longer conversation. After each passage and conversation,you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide -which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.
11.
A. The layout of the laboratory. B. A laboratory experiment.
C. The workbook for the laboratory course. D. A piece of equipment.
12.
A. The activities are to be done during class.
B. The activities take less time.
C. No equipment is needed for the activities.
D. Few instructions are given for the activities.
13.
A. After the first laboratory experiment.
B. When the students need to be motivated.
C. At the beginning of the semester.
D. When the students have done good work.
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. C
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
14.
A. The streets of London were full of rich people.
B. Both his parents were dead.
C. The streets of London were covered with gold.
D. He was an orphan.
15.
A. He sent goods to trade in Africa. B. He sold his cat.
C. He found a job with a rich merchant. D. He found some gold.
16.
A. Because Dick was made Lord Mayor of London.
B. Because Dick became a close friend of the King of England.
C. Because Dick traded a lot of goods.
D. Because Dick became rich.
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
17.
A. Her story of completing a task. B. Her experience of being lost.
C. Her trip abroad D. Her success in career.
18.
A. Met his friends. B. Attended a lecture.
C. Gave a performance. D. Had a trip.
19.
A. By following a man. B. By looking at a map.
C. By asking an old woman. D. By asking the policeman for help.
20.
A. He cannot stand the noise in the bar. B. He has a poor memory.
C. He doesn't speak German. D. He doesn’t like to wear T-shirts.
【答案】17. B 18. C 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【原文】此题为听力题,解析略。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (10%)
Directions : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given "word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word ; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.
The British actress, Emma Watson, finally got to bring her childhood hero to life. She played the beautiful Belle in Disney’s new live-action version of its classic animation (动画片) Beauty and the Beast. Watson also sang in the film -- the first time she ___21___ (do) so in her career.
To be able to play ___22___ role,Watson turned down the offer of La La Land, ___23___ ended up winning six awards, ___24___ Best Actress,at this year's Oscars.
However, she doesn't regret it. She told Vanity Fair that she believes the movie says something important that people ___25___ hear.
___26___ (see) the kind-hearted Belle as a better role model than La La Land’s career-obsessed (沉迷于事业的)Mia,Watson happily took on this character. But ___27___ (build) her own version of Belle, Watson had a hand in shaping the character. In the original Disney movie, Belle is an assistant to her inventor father, ___28___ the remake sees her as a creator in her own right.
Not content with being a global movie star, Watson also spends time being creative elsewhere. Her house is full of paintings that she created ___29___. One in particular stands out—a self-portrait (自画像)of her holding a camera. Her work wouldn't be ___30___ place hanging on the wall of a New York art gallery.
【答案】21. has done
22. the 23. which
24. including
25. should 26. Seeing
27. to build
28. but 29. herself
30. out of
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。说明了英国女演员艾玛·沃森为了能够出演迪士尼最新的经典动画《美女与野兽》真人版中美丽的贝尔这个角色,沃森拒绝了《爱乐之城》的邀请,参与塑造了这个角色。沃森并不满足于成为一名全球电影明星,他还花时间在其他地方进行创作。
【21题详解】
考查动词时态。句意:沃森也在电影中演唱,这是她职业生涯中第一次这样做。固定短语the first time sb.+现在完成时,表示“第一次做……”,故填has done。
【22题详解】
考查冠词。句意:为了能够出演这个角色,沃森拒绝了《爱乐之城》的邀请,这部电影在今年的奥斯卡上获得了包括最佳女主角在内的六个奖项。此处特指上文沃森在《美女与野兽》中的角色,故填定冠词the。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词La La Land,且先行词在从句中做主语,故填which。
【24题详解】
考查介词。根据句意可知表示“包括……在内”应填介词including。
【25题详解】
考查情态动词。句意:她在接受《名利场》杂志采访时表示,她认为这部电影传达了一些人们应该听到的重要信息。根据句意可知表示“应该;应当”故填情态动词should。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:在看到善良的贝儿比《爱乐之城》中痴迷事业的米娅更好的榜样后,沃森很高兴地接受了这个角色。本句中see做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成主谓关系,故用现在分词Seeing。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:但是为了塑造她自己版本的贝尔,沃特森参与塑造了这个角色。本句中build做非谓语动词表示目的,故填不定式to build。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意:在第一部迪士尼电影中,贝尔是她的发明家父亲的助手,但在翻拍版中,她把自己视为一个创造者。根据句意可知上下文语境为转折关系,故填but。
【29题详解】
考查反身代词。句意:她的房子里摆满了她自己画的画。根据句意可知表示“她自己”应填反身代词herself。
【30题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:她的作品挂在纽约艺术画廊的墙上不会显得格格不入。短语out of place“不合适的;不相称的”。故填out of
Section B (10%)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. shamefully B. unfolded C. parties D. shocked E. household F. crew
G. incident H. diagnosed I. concerned J. entitled K. scheduled
The Zalmanovich family, from Hod HaSharon, Israel, has told of their anger after they were told to leave the plane and had their return tickets cancelled without a refund.
The drama ___31___ as eight-year-old Yaheli Zalmanovich began to sob uncontrollably minutes before the family’s connecting flight from Zurich to Geneva was ___32___ to take-off. There were no problems on the flight from Tel Aviv and despite his parents’ best efforts, the boy could not be calmed down.
His mother, Noa, told the Israel Hayom newspaper that Swiss air cabin ___33___ apologized to other passengers and did not ask the family if they needed help, even though the boy vomited on himself. They were soon told they would have to leave the plane and miss their flight to Geneva,where relatives were waiting for them, she said.
Mrs. Zalmanovich told the newspaper: “They ___34___ kicked us off the flight. We were left with our luggage, ___35___ and humiliated. It was 10 p. m. and luckily we were able to catch the last train to Geneva. ”
“In an age when one in every 68 children is ___36___ as being on the autistic(患自闭症的)spectrum, I would expect a slightly more understanding response from a company that calls itself a luxury airline. ”
Making matters worse for the family, they were declared a “no show” for the connecting flight and as a result their return tickets were cancelled and they were not ___37___ to a refund, she added.
A Swissair spokesman told MailOnline Travel: “We are aware of this deeply regrettable ___38___. We are still clarifying exactly what happened and why with all the ___39___ involved, so we are unable to make any further comment at the present time. But I can assure you that our staff in Tel Aviv are in close contact with the family ___40___.”
【答案】31. B 32. K
33. F 34. A
35. D` 36. H
37. J 38. G
39. C 40. I
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了扎尔马诺维奇一家来自以色列的哈萨伦,他们被告知离开飞机,返程机票被取消,没有退款。事件起因是他们8岁患有自闭症的孩子在家人原定从苏黎世飞往日内瓦的联航航班起飞前几分钟,开始无法控制地啜泣。瑞士航空公司的一位发言人就此作出了回应。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意:当八岁的亚赫利·扎尔马诺维奇开始无法控制地抽泣时,戏剧性的一幕发生了。根据句意可知表示“展开;发生”应填动词unfolded。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意:这家人从苏黎世飞往日内瓦联程航班原定起飞。短语be scheduled to“预定;计划做”,故填scheduled。故选K。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意:他的母亲Noa告诉以色列《Hayom》报,瑞士航空机组人员向其他乘客道歉,尽管男孩呕吐了,并没有问他们是否需要帮助。短语cabin crew“航班空服人员”,故填crew。故选F。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意:他们无耻地把我们赶下了飞机。根据句意可知修饰动词kick应填副词shamefully,表示“无耻地”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意:我们带着行李离开了,感到震惊和羞辱。根据下文and humiliated以及句意可知应填shocked“震惊的”。故选D。
36题详解】
考查动词。句意:“在这个年龄,每68个孩子中就有一个被诊断出患有自闭症,我希望这家自称为豪华航空公司的公司能给出稍微更能让人理解的回应。”根据句意可知表示“诊断”应填diagnosed。故选H。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意:她补充说,对这家人来说,更糟糕的是,他们被宣布不能乘坐这班联程航班,因此他们的返程机票被取消,他们没有资格获得退款。短语be entitled to“有权;有资格”。故填entitled。故选J。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意:我们意识到这一令人深感遗憾的事件。根据句意可知表示“事件”故填incident。故选G。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意:我们仍在与有关当事人就事件的真相和原因进行沟通,目前无法做进一步评论。根据句意表示“当事人”应填parties。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:但我可以向你保证,我们在特拉维夫的工作人员正与有关家属保持密切联系。根据句意可知表示“有关;相关”应填过去分词concerned。故选I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15%)
Directions : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
China recently launched a diplomatic and economic development campaign called “One Belt, One Road”.
The name comes from the “Silk Road” -- the ___41___ system of roads that linked China with Central Asia and other areas. Traders used those paths centuries ago to transport Chinese silk, spices and other goods to the West. ___42___,China received gold, ivory, glass and other products from as far away as Europe.
Chinese President Xi Jinping says the One Belt, One Road program is aimed at ___43___ international cooperation. But former American officials and some business leaders have expressed ___44___. They say China is not as interested in opening up to foreigners as it claims.
China’s plan is to build ports,railroad links, roads and other infrastructure across Asia, Africa and Europe. The Reuters news agency reports the project is depending ___45___ on two lenders,the China Development Bank and the Export-Import Bank of China. It says they have already provided $ 200 billion in loans to countries throughout Asia,the Middle East and Africa.
At a recent conference in Beijing, President Xi described the effort as a win-win situation for the countries and companies ___46___ in the project.
Because of the business climate in China, the country is ___47___ considered a top investment choice for a growing number of foreign companies. This was the finding of a study- done by The American Chamber of Commerce in China.
William Zarit is head of the trade group. “… some companies are looking back to North America where especially energy ___48___ are much lower, and perhaps labor is not that great a ___49___ in their manufacturing product. ”
Observers note that China no longer depends on foreign technology and investments ____50____ it once did. ____51____,they say,Chinese officials are less concerned about companies leaving the country. But some critics say China may pay a price for ____52____ investment because of the government’s policies.
Ted Moran studies ____53____ issues for the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
“China is already such a huge presence on the world economic stage, so I’m not predicting any kind of ____54____,I just think that there will be much slower growth and much less robust growth over the next decade.”
While China’s president spoke about inclusiveness at the recent conference, some American companies remain concerned that it may be more talk than ____55____.
41. A. domestic B. ancient C. foreign D. modern
42. A. In result B. In reward C. In exchange D. In fact
43. A. strengthening B. defending C. preventing D. establishing
44. A. enthusiasm B. concern C. interest D. excitement
45. A. heavily B. nearly C. luckily D. likely
46. A. introduced B. enrolled C. engaged D. involved
47. A. in particular B. no longer C. at any cost D. by the way
48. A. conservations B. costs C. efficiencies D. consumptions
49. A. instance B. factor C. phenomenon D. event
50. A. as B. though C. but D. unless
51. A. For example B. By the way C. In any case D. For that reason
52. A. shrinking B. increasing C. expanding D. rising
53. A. environmental B. physical C. economic D. political
54. A. entertainment B. luck C. fortune D. disaster
55. A. resistance B. resource C. substance D. conference
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. D 47. B 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。中国最近发起了一场名为“一带一路”的外交和经济发展运动。中国国家主席习近平表示,“一带一路”计划旨在加强国际合作。但前美国官员和一些商界领袖对此表示担忧。他们说,中国并不像它声称的那样对向外国人开放感兴趣。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这个名字来源于“丝绸之路”——连接中国与中亚和其他地区的古老道路系统。A. domestic国内的;B. ancient古老的;C. foreign国外的;D. modern现代的。“丝绸之路”是古老的道路。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:作为交换,中国收到了远至欧洲的黄金、象牙、玻璃等产品。A. In result结果;B. In reward作为报酬;C. In exchange作为交换;D. In fact实际上。根据下文China received gold, ivory, glass and other products from as far away as Europe.可知是两国之间的互换,故选C。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:中国国家主席习近平表示,“一带一路”计划旨在加强国际合作。A. strengthening巩固;B. defending防御;C. preventing防止;D. establishing建立。根据下文international cooperation可知是为了加强、巩固国际合作。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:但前美国官员和一些商界领袖对此表示担忧。A. enthusiasm热情;B. concern担心;C. interest兴趣;D. excitement激动。根据下文They say China is not as interested in opening up to foreigners as it claims.可知美国官员和商界领袖表达出了对此的担忧。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:路透社报道说,这个项目严重依赖中国国家开发银行和中国进出口银行这两家贷款机构。A. heavily沉重地;严重地;B. nearly差不多;C. luckily幸运地;D. likely可能的。根据句意可知选A。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:在最近于北京举行的一次会议上,习主席称这对涉及该项目的国家和公司来说是一个双赢的局面。A. introduced介绍;B. enrolled登记;C. engaged雇用;吸引住;D. involved涉及。短语involved in“卷入;涉及”,故选D。
【47题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:由于中国的商业环境,越来越多的外国公司不再把中国视为首选投资目的地。A. in particular尤其;B. no longer不再;C. at any cost不惜任何代价;D. by the way顺便说一句。根据句意可知选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:一些公司正将目光投向北美,尤其是那里的能源成本低得多。A. conservations保存;B. costs花费;成本;C. efficiencies效率;D. consumptions消费。短语energy costs“能源成本”,故选B。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:也许劳动力并不是他们生产产品的重要因素。A. instance例子;B. factor因素;C. phenomenon现象;D. event事件。根据句意可知表示“因素;要素”故选B。
【50题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意:观察人士指出,中国不再像过去那样依赖外国技术和投资。A. as因为;正如;B. though虽然;C. but但是;D. unless除非。根据下文it once did可知表示“正如;像……”故选A。
【51题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意:他们说,出于这个原因,中国官员不太担心企业离开中国。A. For example例如;B. By the way顺便说说;C. In any case无论如何;D. For that reason因此;出于……原因。根据句意可知选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:但一些批评人士表示,由于政府的政策,中国可能会为投资减少付出代价。A. shrinking缩水;减少;B. increasing增加;C. expanding扩大;D. rising上升。根据上文China may pay a price for可知是为投资减少付出代价,故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Ted Moran为彼得森国际经济研究所研究经济问题。A. environmental环境的;B. physical物理的;C. economic经济的;D. political政治的。根据下文Peterson Institute for International Economics可知是经济研究所研究经济问题,故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:中国已经在世界经济舞台上有如此巨大的影响力,所以我并不预测会发生什么灾难,我只是认为,未来10年中国的经济增长将会放缓,也不会那么强劲。A. entertainment娱乐;B. luck幸运;C. fortune运气;D. disaster灾难。根据句意可知选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:一些美国公司仍然担心,这可能只是多说少做而已。A. resistance阻力;B. resource资源;C. substance物质;D. conference会议。短语be more talk than substance“多说少做”。故选C。
Section B (22%)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
My guide Farah, a tall, slim woman in her late 30s,wears jeans and a simple manteaux -- the required robe women must wear in public, covering neck to knee. Her long, straight black hair is hidden beneath her headscarf, but visible as it curls at her neck.
We’re heading to Tajrish Bazaar, in north Tehran (capital of Iran),to explore 10 different kinds of dried plums, and other goodies. We choose the Metro—Farah for its convenience, and I,for a chance to go underground in Tehran, because it provides a picture of the city most tourists never see.
It's mid-morning. Women and men sit separately, but the rule relaxes during busy times, like now. We, along with a few other women, clasp our hands around a pole, standing next to men, young and old in the air-conditioned, modern carriage. Two stops later, and about 20 commuters fewer, segregation happens naturally -- women at one end, men at the other, still within view, but separate.
A handful of fashionable girls admire their own reflections in the window. They wear tight leggings under their brightly coloured robes, pushing back headscarves and boundaries. We find seats next to a group of conservative women dressed in black cloaks called chador. They’re nothing like the other women I have met, a sisterhood of outspoken opinions, most of them liberal. “We are a nation with one language,” Farah says, “divided in two—-traditional and modern. ” Farah tells me it all began, not with imports from the West, but with the 1979 revolution. A combination of access, education and a bad economy created a society where women now have independence, careers and husbands happy to help around the house with chores and children*
56. We are setting out for Tajrish Bazaar most probably at __________.
A. 3 a. m. B. 1 p. m. C. 10 a. m. D. 5 p. m.
57. Why did the author choose to take the subway?
A. Because it’s cheap.
B. Because it’s convenient.
C. Because she can see more beautiful women on the subway.
D. Because it offers her an opportunity to see a different city from what most tourists see
58. What does the underlined word segregation in the 3rd paragraph probably mean?
A. isolation B. disaster
C. departure D. combination
59. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Women in Iran must wear manteau in public.
B. Fashionable girls can dress as freely as they like.
C. Iran is divided in two parts by the western forces.
D. Men in Iran won't help with the housework.
【答案】56. C 57. D 58. A 59. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者在伊朗首都德黑兰北部的Tajrish市场关于伊朗女性和男性之间的种族隔绝的所见所闻。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句It's mid-morning. Women and men sit separately, but the rule relaxes during busy times, like now.(这是上午。女性和男性分开坐,但在像现在这样的繁忙时间,这条规则会放松下来。)可知作者大概上午10点动身去Tajrish市场的。故选C。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句We choose the Metro-Farah for its convenience, and I,for a chance to go underground in Tehran, because it provides a picture of the city most tourists never see.(我们选择Metro-Farah是因为它方便,而我选择德黑兰的地铁是因为它提供了一个大多数游客从未见过的城市的图片。)可知作者选择乘坐地铁是因为这给她提供了一个机会去看一个不同于大多数游客所看到的城市。故选D。
【58题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文women at one end, men at the other, still within view, but separate.(一端是女人,另一端是男人,仍然在视线之内,但彼此分开了。)可知男女之间是分开隔绝的,故可推测划线部分单词意思为“隔离;隔绝”。A. isolation隔离;B. disaster灾难;C. departure离开;D. combination结合。故选A。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句My guide Farah, a tall, slim woman in her late 30s,wears jeans and a simple manteaux-the required robe women must wear in public, covering neck to knee.(我的向导Farah是一位30多岁的高挑苗条女性,她穿着牛仔裤和一件简单的长袍——这是女性在公共场合必须穿的长袍,从脖子到膝盖。)以及最后一段中They wear tight leggings under their brightly coloured robes, pushing back headscarves and boundaries. We find seats next to a group of conservative women dressed in black cloaks called chador.(他们在鲜艳的长袍下穿紧身裤,把头巾和界线往后推。我们在一群穿着黑色长袍的保守派妇女旁边找到了座位,她们的名字叫查多尔。)可知伊朗女性必须在公共场合穿戴长袍。故选A。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一,可以大致分为
① 定义猜词,可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to,be called或that’s to say,such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义,例如,similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等,所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词,可以根据构词法,再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词,猜测词义离不开上下文的语境,通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析,同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容,做题时要注意指代词的位置,以便于判断,然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词,核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致,最后比较所找部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。
如第三小题,根据下文women at one end, men at the other, still within view, but separate.(一端是女人,另一端是男人,仍然在视线之内,但彼此分开了。)可知男女之间是分开隔绝的,故可推测划线部分单词意思为“隔离;隔绝”。A. isolation隔离;B. disaster灾难;C. departure离开;D. combination结合。故选A。
(B)
Last week Amazon announced Word Runner, a new tool for reading Kindle books. Word Runner is a software update that shows one word at a time, instead of words, sentences and paragraphs on one page.
Amazon says Word Runner was developed to make reading faster. By seeing one word at a time on the screen, you will not lose your place on the page. It may help you to focus on what you are reading.
Opinions about Word Runner are mixed. Carmen Blyth, Ph. D., and a teacher of English as a Second Language (ESL), says Word Runner is not optimal reading.
In the Kindle Forums at Amazon, a commenter called CB Retriever says, “Thanks,but that absolutely will not work for me as I too do lines and blocks of text at a time ___60___ I think the last time I read word by word was back when I was learning to read. ”
Len Edgerly, business journalist and host of The Kindle Chronicles podcast, had a chance to try out Word Runner. In his podcast, Edgerly said that Word Runner is “a dramatically different way to read”.
Brake
You can pause Word Runner by tapping the pause button, called Brake. Brake lets you move words forward and backward. You can go back and re-read words using Brake.
Availability
According to Amazon, Word Runner will be available soon for some English-language books on the Kindle app for Android devices and on Fire tablets.
Word Runner will work with select English-language Kindle books from Amazon sites in all countries, says an Amazon representative. Amazon has not yet said whether Word Runner will be coming to the Kindle app for iPhone and iPad.
Dynamic Pacing
Word Runner uses a feature called “Dynamic Pacing” to adjust the speed around complicated words. Dynamic Pacing automatically slows the speed of Word Runner for complicated words, punctuation, and paragraph breaks. It makes changes based on the natural rhythm of your reading.
60. In CB Retriever’s opinion, _____________.
A. Word Runner provides one with necessary information to understand what he is reading
B. good readers can read four words at a time
C. Word Runner is not so practical for him as he reads lines and blocks of text at a time
D. Word Runner is “a dramatically different way to read”
61. From the passage, we can draw the conclusion that ___________.
A. Word Runner will soon be available for iPhone and iPad
B. Word Runner will work with all English language books in all countries
C. Word Runner is a software which updates one word at a time
D. people will soon be able to use Word Runner to read some English-language books on Android devices and Fire tablets
62. “Dynamic Pacing” is designed to _________.
A. regulate the speed of reading
B. quicken the speed of reading something easy
C. let you move words forward and backward
D. allow you to see all of the words on a page on your screen
【答案】60. C 61. D 62. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马逊上周宣布了一款阅读Kindle电子书的新工具Word Runner。Word Runner是一个软件更新,每次只显示一个单词,而不是在一页上显示单词、句子和段落。亚马逊表示,开发Word Runner是为了提高阅读速度,可以帮助你专注于你正在阅读的内容。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句In the Kindle Forums at Amazon, a commenter called CB Retriever says, “Thanks, but that absolutely will not work for me as I too do lines and blocks of text at a time(在亚马逊Kindle论坛上,一个名为CB Retriever的评论者说:“谢谢,但这对我来说绝对行不通,因为我一次只能写几行或几段文字。)可知在CB Retriever看来,Word Runner对他来说不太实用,因为他一次只能阅读几行和几段文字。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段According to Amazon, Word Runner will be available soon for some English-language books on the Kindle app for Android devices and on Fire tablets.可知据亚马逊称,Word Runner很快就会在Android设备和Fire平板电脑上的Kindle应用程序上推出一些英文书籍。即人们很快就能使用Word Runner在Android设备和Fire平板电脑上阅读一些英语书籍,故选D。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Word Runner uses a feature called “Dynamic Pacing” to adjust the speed around complicated words.(Word Runner使用一个名为“Dynamic Pacing”的功能来调整复杂单词的速度。)可知“Dynamic Pacing”旨在调节阅读速度。故选A。
(C)
Steve Jobs was 52 when he announced the iPhone. That was in 2007. Years later, the Apple co-founder introduced the MacBook Air, App Store and iPad. Tim Cook, who was 51 when he took over from Jobs, is building on his legacy. They both shattered a myth that the young rule the technology industry.
Silicon Valley's venture capitalists speak openly of their bias toward the young. “People under 35 are the people who make change happen; people over 45 basically die in terms of new ideas,” Vinod Khosla, a prominent investor, said at a conference.
The result of this bias is that older entrepreneurs often are ignored while younger entrepreneurs receive attention and funding. This is hurting the venture-capital system as well as Silicon Valley—because the stereotypes are flawed.
Research on successful technology firms looked only at companies that had made it out of the garage and were making at least $ 1 million in profits. The research revealed that the average and medium age of their founders was 39. Twice as many were older than 50 as were younger than 25. And twice as many were older than 60 as were younger than 20. In a follow- up project, we studied the backgrounds of 549 successful entrepreneurs in 12 high-growth industries. The average and medium age of male founders in this group was 40,and a significant proportion were older than 50.
There are lots of young founders in Silicon Valley, some of whom drop out of school to start their companies. The vast majority of these start-ups fail, however, because there is no substitute for experience and knowledge. These come with age.
Young entrepreneurs surely have an advantage in social media and app building. They understand these new technologies better than their parents do because they have grown up using them. It is also easier to write code for a cellphone than to learn how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products. But building a business requires all of those skills. That is why older entrepreneurs have more success. As baby boomers become as familiar with Internet and mobile technologies as their children are,they surely will give the youngsters a run for their money. They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.
That is why we need to get beyond the stereotypes and realize that baby boomers are going to better the world.
63. Which age group might the baby boomers belong to?
A. Under 20. B. 20 to 30. C. 35 to 45. D. 55 to 65.
64. From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A. people in their 50s are absolutely unable to come up with new ideas
B. the average and medium age of the founders of technology firms was 50
C. some young founders in Silicon Valley quit school to start their companies
D. younger people tend to have a better understanding of the markets than old ones
65. All the following statements explain why older entrepreneurs are more successful in building a business EXCEPT that _____.
A. they are more experienced and knowledgeable
B. they know how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products
C. they have greater buying power than younger ones
D. they are more familiar with Internet and mobile technologies
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Why baby boomers are an important part of technology's future.
B. Some Silicon Valley's venture capitalists speak openly of their bias toward the young.
C. The young have an advantage in social media and app building than the old.
D. The young rule the technology industry.
【答案】63. D 64. C 65. D 66. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要内容为论述婴儿潮一代人成为了年长的企业家,并因为自身知识经验、懂得如何激励和促进员工、管理财务和营销产品以及更强的购买力的优势成为了科技未来的重要组成部分。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中Twice as many were older than 50 as were younger than 25. And twice as many were older than 60 as were younger than 20.(50岁以上的人数是25岁以下人数的两倍。60岁以上的人是20岁以下的人的两倍。)以及下文As baby boomers become as familiar with Internet and mobile technologies as their children are,they surely will give the youngsters a run for their money. They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.(随着婴儿潮一代和他们的孩子一样熟悉互联网和移动技术,他们肯定会让年轻人与他们竞争。他们还拥有更强的购买力,对下一代技术的市场有更好的了解。)可知是对婴儿潮年龄段的描述,分析选项可知婴儿潮应属于55岁到65岁年龄段的人。故选D。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句There are lots of young founders in Silicon Valley, some of whom drop out of school to start their companies.(硅谷有很多年轻的创业者,其中一些人辍学创业。)可知硅谷的一些年轻创业者辍学创业。故选C。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中The vast majority of these start-ups fail, however, because there is no substitute for experience and knowledge. These come with age.(然而,这些初创企业中的绝大多数都以失败告终,因为经验和知识是无法替代的。这些是随着年龄增长而来的。)可知年长创业者比年轻人企业家更有经验和知识,因此更成功。故排除A选项;倒数第二段中It is also easier to write code for a cellphone than to learn how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products. But building a business requires all of those skills. That is why older entrepreneurs have more success.(编写手机代码也比学习如何激励和激励员工、管理财务和营销产品更容易。但创业需要所有这些技能。这就是为什么年长的企业家更成功。)可知年长的企业家在创业方面更成功因为他们知道如何激励和促进员工、管理财务和营销产品。故排除B选项;以及倒数第二段最后一句They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.(他们还拥有更强的购买力,对下一代技术的市场有更好的了解。)可知年长的企业家比年轻企业家拥有更强的购买力,因此在创业方面更成功。故排除C选项。只有D选项“他们更熟悉互联网和移动技术”属于年轻企业家的特点,故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容为论述婴儿潮一代人成为了年长的企业家,并因为自身知识经验、懂得如何激励和促进员工、管理财务和营销产品以及更强的购买力成为了科技未来的重要组成部分。故选A。
【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路:
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题,它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键,也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息,或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节,做这类题一般采用寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子,再对相关部分进行分析对比,找出答案。
如第三小题,根据倒数第三段中The vast majority of these start-ups fail, however, because there is no substitute for experience and knowledge. These come with age.(然而,这些初创企业中的绝大多数都以失败告终,因为经验和知识是无法替代的。这些是随着年龄增长而来的。)可知年长创业者比年轻人企业家更有经验和知识,因此更成功。故排除A选项;倒数第二段中It is also easier to write code for a cellphone than to learn how to motivate and inspire employees, manage finances and market products. But building a business requires all of those skills. That is why older entrepreneurs have more success.(编写手机代码也比学习如何激励和激励员工、管理财务和营销产品更容易。但创业需要所有这些技能。这就是为什么年长的企业家更成功。)可知年长的企业家在创业方面更成功因为他们知道如何激励和促进员工、管理财务和营销产品。故排除B选项;以及倒数第二段最后一句They also have greater buying power and a better understanding of the markets for the next generation of technologies.(他们还拥有更强的购买力,对下一代技术的市场有更好的了解。)可知年长的企业家比年轻企业家拥有更强的购买力,因此在创业方面更成功。故排除C选项。只有D选项“他们更熟悉互联网和移动技术”属于年轻企业家的特点,故选D。
Section C (8%)
Directions : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Environmental pollution kills 1. 7 million children under the age of five every year worldwide. This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO warns that child deaths will increase greatly if pollution continues to worsen.
The most common causes of death among children aged one month to five years are diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia. This is according to the WHO. ___67___ This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.
___68___ The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year. That number includes nearly 600, 000 deaths of children under age five. Most of these deaths take place in developing countries.
Air pollution is a leveler between rich and poor, according to WHO environment and health chief Maria Neira. ___69___ And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating. “Almost half of the world population is using dirty fuels for cooking, heating, and lighting at home. And, this is affecting very much mothers who are staying and cooking at home, but the children who are around mothers -- they are exposed as well. ” Early exposure to harmful pollutants can lead to increased risk of chronic respiratory disease, asthma, heart disease, stroke and cancer later in life.
Cleaning up how the world cooks, heats and lights homes and other buildings is a big- picture goal. The WHO is advising government departments and industries such as construction and the health sector to work together to clean up their environment.
___70___ The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions:
• Avoid walking where there is a high volume of vehicle traffic.
• Equip homes with air filters and air conditioning units.
• Limit your time outside if you live in an area that issues warnings about air quality.
• Wear high-grade, rated face masks tightly to the face when air quality is poor.
• Remove your clothes and wash immediately after entering your house if you live or commute in a very polluted area.
A. However, of all the environmental pollutants, air pollution is being called the most dangerous.
B. But what can individuals do to limit our family's exposure to air pollution?
C. Therefore, the WHO stresses that governments around the world need to take the lead on ensuring that children grow up in a clean environment.
D. The organization also says reducing environmental risks can prevent such deaths.
E. A polluted environment is a deadly one—particularly for young children.
F. Everybody, she says, needs to breathe.
【答案】67. D 68. A
69. F 70. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。全世界每年有170万5岁以下儿童死于环境污染。然而,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被称为最危险的。减少空气污染最重要的方法之一是生产更清洁的燃料用于烹饪和取暖。同时文章提供了一些个人可以避免家庭暴露在空气污染中的建议。
【67题详解】
根据下文This means providing access to safe water and sanitation, limiting exposure to dangerous chemicals, and improving waste management.(这意味着提供安全用水和卫生设施,限制接触危险化学品,改善废物管理。)可知列举的都是改善环境的举措,可知减少环境风险可以防止此类死亡。故选D。
【68题详解】
根据下文The WHO estimates that air pollution is responsible for about 6. 5 million premature, or early, deaths every year.(据世界卫生组织估计,空气污染约占全球空气污染的六分之一。每年有500万人过早死亡。)中的air pollution可对应到A选项中air pollution,表示“然而,在所有的环境污染物中,空气污染被称为最危险的。”代入符合语境。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据下文And one of the most important ways to reduce air pollution is to produce cleaner fuels for cooking and heating.(减少空气污染最重要的方法之一是生产更清洁的燃料用于烹饪和取暖。)可推知这么做的原因是每个人都需要呼吸。其中F选项中she对应上文Maria Neira。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据下文The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has the following suggestions(美国环境保护局有以下建议:)为个人限制家庭接触空气污染的举措。可知选B。
IV. Summary Writing (10%)
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point is) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Optimism and pessimism represent your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think.
A new study suggests that people who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic. Researchers at Harvard University’s School of Public Health in Boston compared women with “a general expectation that good things will happen” to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including cancer, heart disease, stroke, respiratory disease and certain types of infection.
Eric Kim, one of the study leaders, says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by exercising, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep.
When compared to the least optimistic women in the study, the optimistic women had:
• an almost forty percent lower risk of dying from heart disease, stroke and respiratory disease
• a fifty percent lower risk of dying from infection
• and a sixteen percent lower risk of dying from cancer
Leslie Ralph, a clinical psychologist and counselor at the University of Arizona in Tucson, has several ideas about how to increase optimism.
She says each night plan to do two or three simple, enjoyable activities the next day, such as watching the sun rise, visiting a friend, dancing to a favorite song or reading a story with your child.
She also suggests that if your day starts badly, simply close your eyes for a moment and take a deep breath. When you open your eyes, imagine your day has started over. It’s like having your own restart button.
Offering praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and “thank you” from another person may help you feel more optimistic.
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【答案】According to a new study, optimistic people may live longer and are less likely to catch some deadly diseases than pessimistic ones in that they live a healthier life through exercise, health diet and adequate sleep. People can learn to be optimistic by planning some pleasant activities for the following day, trying to restart a bad day and complimenting others.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握文章主旨。文章说明了根据一项新的研究,乐观的人可能比悲观的人活得更长,更不容易染上一些致命的疾病,因为他们通过锻炼、健康饮食和充足的睡眠过着更健康的生活。人们可以学会乐观,为第二天计划一些愉快的活动,尝试重新开始糟糕的一天,并赞美他人。
2)弄清结构,归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要,不是写某一部分概要,或者就某些问题写出要点。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构,将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4)在写作时要特别注意下面几点:
(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬
(4)不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。
【点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如optimistic people may live longer and are less likely to catch some deadly diseases than pessimistic ones in that they live a healthier life through exercise运用了原因状语从句;People can learn to be optimistic by planning some pleasant activities for the following day, trying to restart a bad day and complimenting others.运用了非谓语动词。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。
V. Translation (15%)
Directions : Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.
72. 两天之后他才回我短信。(before)
__________
73. 只有成年人提高了意识才能保护儿童不吸二手烟。(Only)
__________
74. 当学生在校园里发生意外状况时,及时告知家长很重要。(inform)
__________
75. 这所学校之所以不受欢迎,是因为该校校长过于重视提高学生的学业成绩而忽略对学生全 面发展能力的培养。(emphasis)
__________
【答案】72. It was two days before he messaged / texted me back.
73. Only when adults have raised their awareness can children be protected from secondhand smoke.
74. It’s very important to inform the parents in time when something unexpected happens to students on campus.
75. The reason why this school is unpopular is that the headmaster lays too much emphasis on improving students’ academic performance instead of cultivating their all-around abilities.
【解析】
【分析】
考查汉译英。
【72题详解】
考查固定句式。句型It's + some time + before从句,表示“过了多久……才……”。根据句意应用一般过去时,故译为It was two days before he messaged / texted me back.。
【73题详解】
考查部分倒装。only+ 副词/介词/状语从句位于句首,要部分倒装。本句中时间状语从句需用现在完成时,主句主语children与谓语动词构成被动关系,故译为Only when adults have raised their awareness can children be protected from secondhand smoke.。
【74题详解】
考查固定句式。句型It’s very important to do sth.“做某事很重要”,根据句意可知应用时间状语从句,故译为It’s very important to inform the parents in time when something unexpected happens to students on campus.。
【75题详解】
考查固定句式和固定短语。句式The reason why…is that从句,表示“……的原因是”。短语lay too much emphasis on doing sth.“太过于强调做某事”。故译为The reason why this school is unpopular is that the headmaster lays too much emphasis on improving students’ academic performance instead of cultivating their all-around abilities.。
【点睛】部分倒装
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。比如:I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
2)否定词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,要倒装。例如:
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
3) so, neither, nor作部分倒装
用这些词表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。例如:
Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
If you won't go, neither will I.
4)only+ 副词/介词/状语从句位于句首,要部分倒装
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
如第二小题,only+ 副词/介词/状语从句位于句首,要部分倒装。本句中时间状语从句需用现在完成时,主句主语children与谓语动词构成被动关系,故译为Only when adults have raised their awareness can children be protected from secondhand smoke.。
VI. Guided Writing (25%)
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120 -- 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你校正在举办英语节,你参加了其中的演讲比赛,演讲的主题是“Finding Me-time is Important”,根据主题写一篇演讲稿,内容须包括:拥有自我专属时间的重要性以及对老师和同 学的建议。(注意:你的文章中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。)
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【答案】Hello, my dear teachers and fellow students. I feel greatly honored to be here to share with you my view on “me-time”.
In my opinion, finding me-time is very important. With the development of modern society, we students in China are faced with more and more pressure. We have to spare every time to study hard and attend various after-class training courses to improve ourselves. Take me as an example. Four hours of homework and two piano lessons every day make me exhausted. How I miss my childhood when I was an active basketball player on my school team. But now, basketball has become a memory. Me-time seems to have become a luxury.
However, excessive schoolwork cannot guarantee that we grow into healthy and well-rounded adults. So, my dear teachers, please assign less homework so that we students can find time to refresh and energize ourselves. It will definitely be beneficial to us both physically and mentally. My dear friends, why not stop for a while and do something you like? Finding me-time will surely make your life rich, colorful and rewarding.
Thank you for your attention!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文写作。
【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,本篇为一篇演讲稿;你校正在举办英语节,你参加了其中的演讲比赛,演讲的主题是“Finding Me-time is Important”,根据主题写一篇演讲稿,内容须包括:拥有自我专属时间的重要性以及对老师和同学的建议。
第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:honored to(很荣幸),be faced with(面对),spare(抽空);exhausted(筋疲力尽的),luxury(奢侈);excessive schoolwork(过度的学校作业)等。
第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如With the development of modern society, we students in China are faced with more and more pressure.运用了with的复合结构;However, excessive schoolwork cannot guarantee that we grow into healthy and well-rounded adults.运用了宾语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。