2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit2Heroes课时作业2b北师大版必修1 练习

课时作业2　HeroesⅠ.阅读理解(2019·福州一中月考)There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.” Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name­calling or even the so­called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain. The study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical School in Massachusetts. Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults, aged 18 to 25. These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents. The researchers asked the young people to rate their childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and right side of the brain. The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum. This was the area that was underdeveloped.The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing. So, unkind, hurtful comments from children or adults during this period have the greatest effect. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.The researchers published their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatry's website.Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children.文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响。1．Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?A．To show the power of words.B．To introduce an opposite view.C．To prove the author's argument.D．To show ancient people's wisdom.答案：B解析：作者意图题。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name­calling or even the so­called ‘the silent treatment’ can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选B。2．What did the subjects of the study have in common?A．They were hurt by unkind words.B．They performed poorly in imaging tests.C．They had their brain slightly damaged.D．They experienced no physical abuse at home.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents”可知，这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待，也就是说，他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。故选D。3．What will be discussed in the next paragraph?A．Comments on the findings.B．Approaches to further studies.C．Suggestions to parents.D．Different opinions on the matter.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Parents cannot control what other people say to their children, but they can prepare their children”可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选C。4．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The way we speak matters.B．Verbal violence should be stopped.C．Unkind words hurt the brain.D．Words are worse than sticks and stones.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据第二段中的“verbal (言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选C。Ⅱ.阅读填句(2019·南师附中月考)You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers, or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. __1__ However, it can also be a great part of your college experience. Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year.Be clear from the beginning.Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning. Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. __2__ It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.__3__This may seem simple, but it's probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts. Don't you think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game? For all you know, you just stepped over an uncrossable line. Don't borrow, use, or take anything without getting permission first.Be open to change.You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. __4__ As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you. Be comfortable addressing things that unexpectedly come up, setting new rules, and being flexible to your changing environment.Follow the Golden Rule.__5__ No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year, you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.A．Respect your roommate's things.B．Let your roommate know about your preferences.C．Treat your roommate like you'd like to be treated.D．Living with a roommate is really a wonderful thing.E．Having a roommate surely has its challenges.F．You should correct your bad habits first.G．And the same should happen to your roommate, if all goes well.本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。1．E解析：根据后面的However, it can also be a great part of your college experience.可知，上下文是转折关系，也就是前面应该是与这段意思相反的句子。故选E。2．B　解析：根据后面的It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away, and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.可以看出，马上就指责他们是不公平的，而沟通则是最好的解决问题的方式，因此应该首先告诉他们你的喜好。故选B。3．A　解析：第五段主要是讲与室友之间的冲突大多是因为没有尊重室友，比如你想要借室友的鞋去踢球，但首先你得先征求室友的同意，如果没有，那么就不要拿别人的东西。故选A。4．G　解析：根据前面的You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school.可以看出你会期待你在学校的期间能够学习、成长和改变，而后面As the term progresses, realize things will change for both of you.当学期进行时，要意识到你们两个都会改变。所以可以得知不仅是你想改变，你的室友也想。故选G。5．C　解析：根据you can take comfort knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect可以看出，你可以安心地知道你表现得像个成年人而且尊重你的舍友。既然你希望自己被尊重，首先应该尊重别人。故选C。Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·河北省正定中学月考)I found one time that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.I was in the __1__ (nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl __2__ (sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn't understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me __3__ I had an extra pen. She showed me that __4__ (her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk.Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher __5__ (ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was __6__ (stand) on my own two __7__ (foot) and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact __8__ when people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think __9__ (serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me __10__ all those things.Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated on the test.帮助别人有时会招致麻烦。考试时，“我”为了帮助一位女生，将一支备用的钢笔给她，未料监考老师却认为“我”作弊。1．ninth　解析：考查序数词。根据the和grade可以判断，此处表示那时“我”在九年级，空处表示“第九”，故用ninth。2．sitting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处修饰前面的名词the girl，两者存在主谓关系，故用动词­ing形式作后置定语。3．if/whether　解析：考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，“我”终于明白她在试图问“我”是否有多余的钢笔。空处引导宾语从句，故用if或whether。4．hers　解析：考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处充当宾语从句的主语，故用名词性物主代词hers，指代“她的钢笔”。5．asked　解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的were dismissed并结合语境可知，该句叙述的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。6．to_stand　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，该句中的it作形式主语，故用动词不定式作真正的主语，后面的be也是提示。7．feet　解析：考查名词的数。根据空处前的two可知，空处应用复数，意为“双脚”，故用feet。8．that　解析：考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，该句为同位语从句，空处后的内容说明名词fact的具体内容，故用that引导同位语从句。9．seriously　解析：考查副词。根据空处前的think可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。10．about　解析：考查介词。talk to sb. about sth.为固定搭配，意为“就某事和某人交谈”。Ⅳ.短文改错(2019·长沙一中月考)I have been in love a cool bicycle for almost a fortnight. Its brand is Giant, what is very famous. However, its price is too expensive for me. I don't want to ask my parents for money; instead I want to buy one by my own. Now I'm considering doing the part­time job in my spare time so as to earning more money. Maybe it is the only way in that I can think of to save enough money. Through doing part­time jobs, not only can I earn some money, and also I can get some work experiences. What fun it was to kill two birds with one stone!答案与解析I have been in love  a cool bicycle for almost a fortnight. Its brand is Giant,  is very famous. However, its price is too  for me. I don't want to ask my parents for money; instead I want to buy one  my own. Now I'm considering doing  part­time job in my spare time so as to  more money. Maybe it is the only way 或 I can think of to save enough money. Through doing part­time jobs, not only can I earn some money,  also I can get some work . What fun it  to kill two birds with one stone!1．love后加with　考查介词短语。be in love with为固定搭配，意思是“爱上”。 2．what→which　考查定语从句的引导词。which is very famous在这里引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Giant，而what不可以引导定语从句。3．expensive→high　考查形容词。修饰price的形容词是high或者low，而expensive可以直接修饰商品。4．by→on　考查介词短语。可以说by oneself，而on one's own为固定搭配，意思是“靠自己”。5．the→a　考查冠词的用法。此处表达“一份兼职工作”，因此不是特指。6．earning→earn　考查非谓语动词。so as后面跟的是不定式作目的状语。7．去掉in或that→which　考查way后面的定语从句。way后面跟that或者in which引导的定语从句。8．and→but　考查连词的用法。not only...but also为固定搭配，可以将also省略。9．experiences→experience　考查名词的单复数形式。experience作“经验”讲为不可数名词，作“经历”讲是可数名词。10．was→is　考查时态。此句是作者对此事的评价，因此并非过去。Ⅴ.书面表达(2019·合肥六中模拟考试)假如你是李华，你朋友Brian把他新买的U盘(flash drive)借给你用，但是你不小心把它弄丢了。现在，请用英文给他写封信，内容包括：1．告知U盘遗失的事并致歉；2．描述遗失经过；3．说明暂时无法赔偿及原因；4．承诺一定赔偿并请求原谅。注意：1．词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．信的开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数。Dear Brian，I'm_sorry_to_tell_you_that_I've_lost_your_new_flash_drive._Now_I'm_expressing_my_deepest_apology_for_my_carelessness.Actually,_I_put_the_flash_drive_in_my_schoolbag_after_we_met_in_the_library_yesterday._But_to_my_sorrow,_it_was_lost_on_my_way_home._I_tried_to_get_it_back_but_failed._How_sorry_and_guilty_I_felt!This_morning,_I_went_to_buy_the_same_flash_drive_in_some_stores_but_it_is_too_expensive_for_me._However,_I_promise_that_I'll_tighten_my_belt_these_days_to_get_you_a_completely_new_one_by_the_end_of_this_month._Please_forgive_me_and_accept_my_sincere_apology.Best wishes!Yours，Li Hua