奉贤区2019届高三二模英语试题

2018学年奉贤区二模        高三英语试卷（2019.04）Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with your colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours ___21___（get）shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees ___22___（ask）to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are datable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline ___23___ their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, ___24___ the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control—was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment ___25___ other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?___26___ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a ___27___（calm）effect, and while it reduces intellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which ___28___ be an important feature of some work tasks.But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out ___29___ since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position ___30___（think）creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches. Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. involving      B. distinguish      C. adapted      D. tailored      E. mediumF. gains          G. partially      H. amazing   I. definitely   J. steer   K. implicationsGenes That Make You SmarterThe contributions genes make to intelligence increase as children grow older. This goes against the idea most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy（遗产）we are born with and may have ___31___ for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Robert Plomin.“What we found was quite ___32___ and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are ___33___ due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team gathered data from six separate studies carried out in 4 countries, ___34___ a total of 11000 pairs of twins. The researchers tested twins on reasoning, arithmetic etc, to measure a quantity called “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same genes, and Lateral twins（异卵双生）, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to ___35___ the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores. Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one ___36___ knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at handing their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “Kids with high G will use their environment to develop their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. ” Children with ___37___ to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability（遗传可能性）doesn’t mean at all that there is nothing you can do about it,”says Susanne Jaeggi, “from our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher ___38___ after training.”Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being ___39___ to children’s natural abilities. “My tendency would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researchers Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to ___40___ kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.” Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension.Section ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.  Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are ___41___ to post the results of their own labours online.　Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository（库）, and astronomers are accustomed to ___42___ images of galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the ___43___, not the rule Historically, scientists have ___44___ sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist; grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.　But the ___45___ are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data ___46___. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to“___47___ a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve”. Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products ___48___ and enable other researchers to discover and cite（引用） them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the ___49___ advantages of sharing, the practice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved ___50___ and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used. ___51___, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been ___52___ 5,700 times. Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees.“I’d much prefer to have my data used by the ___53___ number of people to ask their own questions,”she says.“It’s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be ___54___.”Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize and label files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding ___55___ later on. 41. A. restricted   B. reluctant   C. desperate   D. generous42. A. accessing   B. processing   C. analyzing   D. identifying43. A. assumption   B. mystery   C. exception   D. phenomenon44. A. longed for   B. appealed to   C. focused on   D. objected to45. A. symptoms   B. barriers   C. advantages   D. consequences46. A. controllable   B. unique    C. reliable   D. public47. A. shift away from  B. end up with   C. give rise to   D. build up48. A. secretly    B. digitally   C. ethically   D. fairly49. A. material    B. individual   C. moral    D. economic50. A. visibility   B. awareness   C. condition   D. confidence51. A. On the contrary  B. As a result   C. For example  D. After all52. A. downloaded   B. updated   C. optimized   D. addressed53. A. moderate   B. maximum   C. average   D. estimated54. A. reversible   B. profitable   C. reproducible  D. recognizable55. A. crisis    B. confusion   C. risk    D. conflict Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. AIt was 1961 and I was in the fifth grade. My marks in school were miserable and, the thing was, I didn’t know enough to really care. My older bother and I lived with Mom in a humble house in Detroit. We watched TV every night.But one day Mom changed our world forever. She turned off the TV. Our mother had only been able to get through third grade. But, she was much brighter and smarter than we boys know at the time. She had noticed something in the suburban houses she cleaned--books. So she came home one day, snapped off the TV, sat us down and explained that her sons were going to make something of themselves. “You boys are going to read two books every week,” she said. “And you’re going to write a report on what you read.”
  We complained about how unfair it was. Besides, we didn’t have any books in the house other than Mom’s Bible. But she explained that we would go where the books were: “I’ll drive you to the library.”
  So pretty soon there were these two peevish boys sitting in her car on their way to Detroit Public Library, depressed and restless. I wandered reluctantly among the children’s books. I loved animals, so when I saw some books that seemed to be about animals, I started leafing through them.
  The first book I read clear through was Chip the Dam Builder. It was about beavers. For the first time in my life I was lost in another world. No television program had ever taken me so far away from my surroundings as did this virtue visit to a cold stream in a forest and these animals building a home.
  It didn’t dawn on me at the time, but the experience was quite different from watching TV. There were images forming in my mind instead of before my eyes. And I could return to them again and again with the flip of a page.
Soon I began to look forward to visiting this quiet refuge from my other world. Now my older brother is an engineer and I am a doctor. Sometimes I still can’t believe my life’s journey, from a failing and indifferent student in a Detroit public school to this position, which takes me all over the world to teach and perform critical surgery.
  But I know when the journey began the day Mom switched off the TV set and put us in her Oldsmobile for that drive to the library. 56. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that ____.A. the author and his brother had done well in schoolB. the author had been very concerned about his school workC. the author had spent much time watching TV after schoolD. the author had realized how important schooling was57. According to the passage, which of the following words can best describe the author’s mother?A. Tolerant and decisive.B. Aggressive and open-minded.C. Determined and farsighted.D. Persistent and literate.58. The underlined word“peevish”in the passage can be replaced by ____.A. naughty   B. bad-tempered   C. patient   D. obedient59. The author began to love books for the following reasons EXCEPT that ___.A. he could constantly review the plots in the booksB. he could visualize what he read in his mindC. he could get many rewards from his motherD. he realized that books offered him new experience BNANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE（PG）Age 10+Sparkling book adaptation has great characters, some scares. “Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase”is based on a classic 1930 Nancy Drew mystery book and is aimed at teens and young teens. Although the story involves a politically motivated kidnapping and a supposedly haunted house, the scariest moment is during what turns out to be a dream sequence. Positive messages include courage and teamwork, and strong role models（mostly female）are at the center of the action.（89 minutes）WONDER PARK（PG）Age 8+Imaginative but intense adventure deals with worry and fear. “Wonder park”is an animated adventure about an imaginative girl named June（voiced by Brianna Denski），who’s spent years dreaming up a magical amusement park named Wonderland with her mom（Jennifer Garner）. You can expect plenty of action（including explosions and peril），as well as the looming presence of worry and sadness, since June is dealing with the fact that her mom has a serious illness. The film celebrates imagination, curiosity and perseverance, and it underlines the importance of not letting fear stop you from being yourself and doing what you love.（93 minutes）CAPTIVE STATE（PG-13）Age 14+Dark, disconnected but smart alien invasion movie.“Captive State”is an alien-invasion movie set in a future Chicago. Some humans try to cooperate with the conquering aliens, while others try to rebel; there’s a very complex plan at the heart of the story. Violence is the biggest issue: Humans are killed, both vaporized by aliens and shot by guns. There are explosions, blood splatters, gory surgeries, gross alien effects, cyanide pills and lots of chaos and stress. The movie is more about its own big ideas than characters or emotions, but it’s smart enough that it should please most teen and adult sci-fi fans. John Goodman and Vera Farmiga co-star.（109 minutes）FIVE FEET APART（PG-13）Age 13+Strong acting saves predictable, sentimental love story. “Five Feet Apart”is based on the best-selling YA novel about Will（Cole Sprouse）and Stella（Haley Lu Richardson），two hospitalized 17-year-olds with cystic fibrosis（囊胞性纤维症）who fall in love. The story promotes treasuring those closest to you and has themes of perseverance and empathy.（115 minutes） 60. If you are hooked on science fictions, which movie will you prefer according to the passage? A. WONDER PARK       B. NANCY DREW AND THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE C. FIVE FEET APART       D. CAPTIVE STATE61. Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. It’s appropriate to watch the film“Captive State”with a younger sister aged 5. B. The movie“Wonder Park”can teach you to be brave enough to face fear. C. It’s advisable of you to watch“Five Feet Apart”if you are free for one and half hours. D.“Nancy Drew and the Hidden Staircase”is adapted from a best-selling novel.62. After reading the passage, we can _____. A. know about the background of the film production B. learn about the popularity of these films C. gain a thorough understanding of the films D. have the best option for the film we want C  The company that revolutionized the delivery of information now aims to do the same with electricity. Technology powerhouse Google today announced it would spend "tens of millions" of dollars next year in research and development and investments in an effort to drive down the cost of large-scale renewable energy to make it cheaper than coal. Not only will Google be hiring engineers and energy experts for its new initiative, known as RE<C (renewable energy at less cost than coal), but it also will make investments in new companies—starting with those that focus on solar-thermal technology, enhanced geothermal, and high-altitude wind power. "Cheap renewable energy is not only critical for the environment but also vital for economic development in many places where there is limited affordable energy of any kind," said Sergey Brin, Google co-founder and president of technology, in a prepared statement.Coal supplies 40 percent of the world's electricity and more than half of U.S. power, and if current trends continue, it is expected to grab an ever increasing share because it is a plentiful and cheap fuel for big consumers like the United States and Russia. But coal is also the worst fuel in its production of the global warming gas carbon dioxide. Google co-founder Larry Page said the company's goal is to produce one gigawatt（十亿瓦特） of renewable energy capacity that is cheaper than coal within "years, not decades." Google says that's enough electricity to power a city the size of San Francisco (about 330,000 households).Google, located in Mountain View, Calif., said it was initially working with two other California companies. They are eSolar, of Pasadena, which is specializing in solar-thermal power, using large fields of mirrors to concentrate sunlight and generate steam to run utility-scale electric turbines（涡轮）, and Makani of Alameda, which is developing wind energy technology that takes advantage of the much stronger and more reliable currents available at high altitudes.　　Google did not specify how much money it was putting into its projects with these companies but said they both had "promising scalable energy technologies." This portion of the initiative will be funded through the company's philanthropic arm, Google. org, which is not a traditional charity but can make equity（股票）investments in companies. Brin and Page have pledged（抵押）1 percent of Google's equity and profits toward efforts including climate change and global poverty.The RE<C program is the latest of a series of steps Google has taken on climate change. The company says it is on track in its goal to be carbon neutral in the near future. 63. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the coal? A. It is a kind of controversial fuel given its large quantity and its harm to the environment. B. It is a plentiful and cheap fuel that will surely earn more market share. C. It will be totally replaced by the renewable energy in years because it produces the worst gas-carbon dioxide. D. It is supported by some enthusiastic countries like U.S. and Russia which rely heavily on the coal64. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. Google. org has made some crucial decisions in expanding the company B. Google. org has focused on exploiting alternatives to traditional energy C. Google. org is a charity organization committed to funding the projects benefiting mankind D. Google. org is an environmental organization that specializes in promoting green fuel65. What can Not be learned about the Re<C Programme? A. It will come true in a few years with the efforts made. B. It is a programme of environmental protection. C. It is one of the measures taken to neutralize carbon. D. It will be realized through investment in solar and wind energy companies.\66. The best title of this passage is ___. A. Google’s RE<C Programme B. Google, the Energy Revolutionary C. Google, the Environmental Protector D. Google’s Renewable Energy Project Section CDirections：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. This year’s Carnival festivities kicked off on February 16 and go on until March 5.B. During the 18 days of Carnival, the city fills with thousands of tourists from across Italy and around the world.C. Parts of Venice are well known for the beauty of their settings, their architecture and artwork.D. The Italian government decided to bring back the history and culture of Venice by seeking to use the traditional Carnival.E. It doesn’t have to be traditional.F. Carnival virtually disappeared when Napoleon’s troops brought an end to the Venetian Republic in 1797.Venice CarnivalThe annual Venice Carnival is in full swing, with thousands of revelers（狂欢者）gathering the city’s canals and squares in elaborate costumes and extraordinary masks. ___67___The Carnevale di Venezia is thought to date back to the 11th century, making it one of the world’s oldest. Carnivals are held in many Catholic countries; such as Spain and Brazil, where they serve s a last chance to eat, drink and be merry before the deprivation of Lent, the 40 days of fasting（斋戒）that precede Easter.It is thought that the masks allowed Venetians to hide their identities, allowing the poor to mix with the wealthy, breaking strict social order, even if only for a brief and controlled period.___68___ The theme of Carnival 2019 is“Tutta colpa della Luna,”or“Blame the moon,”marking a half-century since man first walked on the satellite.To prevent overcrowding, authorities have installed turnstiles at the entrances to the historic St. Marks’ Square, closing it off to new visitors once 23,000 revelers have entered. Costumed revelers are also searched as they enter the square.Venice is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. ___69___ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.Although most visitors stick to the traditional Carnival costumes of baroque gowns and bejeweled masks for women and black capes and threatening masks for men, more and more people are opting for their own unique interpretations.Some visitors use Carnival as an opportunity to show off a fantastic creation they’ve always dreamed of wearing. It doesn’t have to be Venetian. ___70___ At Carnival, everybody is free to be who—or what—they want to be. Perhaps a different gender—or even species. That’s the joy of the mask—nobody knows who or what the person wearing it was before Carnival. Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Gardening can have many positive effects on your physical and mental health. Whether you’re growing fruit and veggies, flowers or succulents, getting your green thumb on can have a surprising number of health benefits for you and your family.Depending on the size of your garden, maintaining it can be a great way to be physically active. This could be as tough as mowing the lawn, or as gentle as getting a good stretch and practice stabilizing yourself while kneeling, sitting or reaching. In fact, gardening is a recommended activity as it can encourage the use of many motor skills, improve endurance and strength and keep you moving.These days, we can buy pretty much any fruit and vegetable we want from the supermarket, at any time of year. But gardening enables us to eat seasonally, which has important benefits for our bodies. For example, asparagus and apricots grow in spring and summer, while Brussels sprouts get going in winter. Eating seasonally can keep healthy eating exciting by encouraging you to try new recipes using in-season produce. You will also get a wider variety of different coloured produce, providing nutritious vitamins and minerals in your diet throught the year as the produce you eat changes with the seasons.Gardening is also a great way to relax, providing opportunities to still the mind and get away from the busyness of everyday life. There is even evidence to suggest that gardening can help case symptoms of mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. Whether you’re gardening by yourself, or getting the whole family involved, it’s a great way to spend some time outdoors, away from screens and to-do lists, and engage with nature. From repetitive tasks like weeding that provide opportunity for meditation, to practicing patience while waiting for plants to grow, gardening is a great exercise for your mind as well as your body.   Ⅴ. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这项新颁布的规定仅适用于一些突发情况。（apply） 73. 你越向别人敞开心扉，你心灵所承受的痛苦就越少。（The more…） 74. 北京之行最令我印象深刻的是故宫的雪以及其优质的导游服务。（impress） 75. 我国政府从未对垃圾分类问题那么重视过，相信通过大家齐心协力，我们的居住环境会变得更好。（Never…） Ⅵ. Guided WritingDirections：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.  每年五月的第二个周日是母亲节，你所在的班级准备以母亲节为契机筹划一次班级主题活动，你积极参与筹划并设计了一个活动方案，请你在全班同学面前介绍你的方案。介绍包括以下两个方面：1. 简述你活动方案的主题和内容。2. 谈谈你设计该活动方案的理由。（文中不能涉及真实信息）                             参考答案 Ⅱ. 21. are getting  22. asked  23. in  24. while  25. where  26. Whichever/Whatever  27. calming  28. can/may  29. that  30. to think31-35 KHGAB  36-40 IEFDJⅢ. ReadingSection A41-45  BACDB  46-50  DABCA  51-55  CABCBSection B56-59  CCBC   60-62  DBD   63-66  ACDBSection C67-70  BACE Ⅳ. Summary writingGardening may bring positive benefits to your fitness physically and mentally. It keeps you physically active, because it involves using motor skills and improves endurance and strength. Besides, gardening helps you to eat seasonally, through which you can maintain healthy eating and get adequate nutrition. Also, it’s a great way to calm your mind and ease your daily stress.（60）