高考英语语法一轮复习教案——情态动词

情态动词考点一　情态动词的基本用法情态动词基本用法也是历年考查热点之一。除了掌握它们的基本含义外，must“非得，偏要”；shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等；should“竟然”，也备受命题者的青睐。解决此类问题，一方面要注意情态动词的基本含义，另一方面，要注意特殊语境下的特殊含义。1can和could的用法    (1)表示“能力”。    —No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.—Oh, you are really his big fan.    ——在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。    ——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。注意：be able to亦是表“能力”，但更侧重于表示克服种种困难后，所能达到的能力。We were able to finish it ahead of time, though it was such a tough task.尽管任务艰巨，我们仍能提前完成。    (2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。    How could you do such a silly thing?    你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？    (3)could用于疑问句。表示礼貌地请求别人做某事，意为“能，可以”。    —This dish is really delicious.Could you please say it in Chinese?    —Sure, we call it “doufu”．——这道菜真的很好吃，你能不能用汉语说出菜名是什么？    ——当然可以，我们称之为“豆腐”。(4)表示允许或许可(口语中常用)。   —What should I wear to the party?   —Well, it isn't very formal.You can wear whatever you like.   ——晚会我应该穿什么？    ——晚会不太正式，你可以穿自己喜欢的任何衣服。    (5)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。    You can't be too careful while driving.    开车时越小心越好。2may和might的用法(用于倒装句中)    (1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”(用于倒装句中)等意义。May you succeed！祝你成功！注意：当may用于疑问句时，其否定回答是“No, ...mustn't/can't.”。    —May I take this book out of the reading room?    —No, you mustn't.You read it in here.    ——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？    ——不，决不可以，你在这儿读。(2)“may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如”。If you think the price of beef is too high, you may as well buy some pork. It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。你自己决定。(3)may well用于加强推测语气，表示有较大可能性。What you say may well be true.你说的很有可能是事实。[典例1]　[2017·陕西西工大附中二模]—Sometimes I am even sleepy in class.—It's terrible. You ________ as well go to bed earlier.[解析]　might/may　考查情态动词用法。根据句意可知填may/might。may/might as well“倒不如；最好”。3must的用法    (1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。    You mustn't park here！It's an emergency exit.    你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。    (2)表必要性，意为“必须”，强调主观方面的必须，其否定形式是needn't/don't have to。    —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?    —I am afraid you must，in case he comes late for the meeting.    ——我现在通知他日程表的变动吗？    ——恐怕你必须通知他，以免他开会迟到。注意：have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情。I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 p．m. today.今天下午五点之前我不得不交上我的试卷。    (3)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。用于疑问句或条件从句中。—Where did you get this book?—I picked it up from a second­hand bookshop if you must know.——你在哪里买的这本书？——如果你偏要知道，我是在一家二手书店买到的。4shall的用法    (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。Shall I go out for a walk after supper?    晚饭后我可以散散步吗？    (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。    —Will you read me a story, Mummy?    —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.    ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？    ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。[典例2]　[2017·北京西城区期末]The sign at Gate 8 reads that you ________ show your boarding pass and passport before getting on the plane.[解析]　must　考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知，此处表示“必须做”，故填must。[典例3]　[2017·四川资阳二诊]According to the school rules，a student ________ report any damage to school properties to a teacher or the office immediately.[解析]　shall　考查情态动词用法。根据“According to the school rules”可知，此处表示正式条规中的内容，故应填shall。5will和would的用法    (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。—Please don't tell anybody.—I won't. I promise.——请别告诉任何人。——我不会的，我保证。    I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.    我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。    (2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。    Every morning he will have a walk along this river.    每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。    (3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 He would go to bed strictly at 9, and on Sundays would not have lunch anywhere except in that restaurant.他总是严格地9点上床睡觉。星期日总在那家饭店吃午饭。6should的用法(1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。You should take the medicine with a full  glass of water.你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。(2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again.我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。[典例4]　[2017·陕西宝鸡联考一]It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ________ bring me food.[解析]　should　考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可知空格处所填词表示“惊讶，意外”的含义，故填should。[典例5]　[2017·山东菏泽一中期末]When we worked in the same office several years ago, we ________ often go to the cinema together.[解析]　would　考查情态动词的用法。根据when引导的时间状语可知，此空表示的是在过去总是发生的事情，故填would。考点二　情态动词表推测1情态动词表对现在情况的推测(1)can用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。①It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.    我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。②Mr  Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting?    布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？③—Let's visit Tom together, Stephen.    —There's no need to do so.He can't   be at home, because I saw him board the flight to Beijing this morning.   ——Stephen，咱们一起去拜访汤姆吧。   ——没必要这样做。他不可能在家，因为今天早晨我看见他登上了飞往北京的航班。(2)may/might用于肯定句中可以用来表示不十分肯定的推测，意为“有可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。－What are you doing this Saturday?－I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.——本周六你打算做什么？——说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。    (3)must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can/could)。    —It's the office! So you must know eating is not allowed here.    —Oh，sorry.    ——这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。    ——噢，对不起。(4)should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。    There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.    因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。[典例6]　[2017·福建泉州五校摸底]The program WhereAreWeGoing, Dad? shows that the children ________ be really annoying at times, but after a while, you'll get used to them.[解析]　can　考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知此处表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会……”。故填can。[典例7]　[2017·浙江重点中学检测]There ________ be any difficulty about winning the speech contest now that you're well prepared for it.[解析]　shouldn't　考查情态动词用法。根据语境可知，此处表达“按道理来说应当如此”的意思，结合句意可知填shouldn't。[典例8]　[2017·北京东城区期末]A journal is not necessarily a reliable record of facts, for the writer's impressions ________ colour the telling of events.[解析]　might　考查情态动词的用法。根据“not necessarily a reliable record”可知，此空表示“可能性不大”，故填might。2情态动词对过去情况的推测基本构成：情态动词＋have done用法如下：[典例9]　[2017·四川绵阳二诊]Mr Jackson ________ have got the good news, for he looks so excited.[解析]　must　考查情态动词的用法。根据下文“for he looks so excited”可知，该空表示肯定性推测，故填must。[典例10]　[2017·北京东城区一模]—The fire in the supermarket last night was terrible!—They ________ have taken some measures to prevent it occurring.[解析]　should　考查情态动词用法。根据语境和句意，此处表示“本应该做而未做的事”，故填should。