高中英语语法讲义——情态动词用法及区别
展开情态动词用法及区别(一)、情态动词can、could、may情态动词是表示说话人的某种感情或语气的动词,用来表示请求、允诺、愿望、建议、命令、能力、需求或拒绝等情感态度,常用的情态动词有:can、could、may、might、need、dare、ought to、will、would、shall、should等情态动词can表示现在的能力,could 表示过去的某种能力,如:He can speak good EnglishSandy cannot danceThe old man could swim across the river when he was young注意:我们可以用be able to 来表示能力,be 动词的形式根据句子所用时态变化我们可以用情态动词may、could、can来表示许可情态动词could 表示一种委婉的语气,比用can 更有礼貌,may较正式。如:Can I use your pen?Could we picnic here?May I see the letter? 拓展:1、情态动词的用法:情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须与实义动词或连系动词连用,构成谓语。如:Can I have a look at your photo?You may take whatever you like情态动词一般无人称和数的变化,如:We must stay in the classroomHe must give up smoking有些情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,如:现在式maycanmustought towillshallneeddare过去式mightcould——wouldshould—dared有些过去式不代表过去。如:You might be rightI would like to have a talk with you情态动词后接动词原形,即不带to的不定式。如:She may lose her way情态动词具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简略回答。如:Can you sing English songs?Yes ,I can2、 常用情态动词的用法:May的用法:表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”的意思。May not 表示说话人“不许可”。如:You may go nowMay I use your computer?You may not go=I do not permit you to go在回答may引导的疑问句时,肯定回答:yes,you may,否定:no,you can’t或no,you’d better not。在表示“不可以,禁止,阻止”的意思时,常用must not/mustn’t,如:——May I come in?——yes,please——may I smoke here?——yes,you may/no,you mustn’tmay 表示可能,通常只用于陈述句。May所表示的可能性比might大。如:You may be rightIt might rain this afternoon在口语中,can 可代替may 表示许可,而may比较正式。如:Class is over,you can go home nowCan I use your camera?might,could 用于现在时,语气较为委婉、礼貌,如:Might/could I invite you to dinner? Can 的用法: 表示能力,有“能,会,能够”的意思,如: ——can you drive a car? ——yes,I can/no,I can’t 表示可能性,常用于否定句或疑问句,如: Can it be true? Today is Sunday ,he can’t be at school can 和be able to的用法比较 两者可以互换,但can用来表示能力时,只有过去时和现在式两种,其他时态要用be able toCan 与 be able to不通用的情况:如果我们要表示一个动作成功的完成了,那么必须使用was able to,而不能用could,如:He didn’t agree with me at first,but I was able to persuade himHe was able to leave Europe before the war began Must 的用法:必须,应该,如:Must I come to the party?must 的否定形式:mustn’t或must not,表示“不应该,不许可,不准,禁止”,如:You mustn’t get to school too late在回答must 引导的疑问句时,否定常用:need not/needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必,用不着”,而不用must not或mustn’t——must I do it now?——yes,you must/no,you needn’t/no,you don’t have to表示推测,只用在肯定句中,如:She must be at schoolShe must have gone to BeijingShe must be working in the fieldmust 和have to 都可以表示“必须”,但must表示说话人的主观看法,have to 表示客观需要。Must 一般只用于现在时,而have to则可以用于多种时态。如:You must say sorry to me for thatYou mustn’t clean only your own roomYou won’t have to wait for meNeed的用法:need作为情态动词主要用于否定句和疑问句,较少用于肯定句。如:I needn’t wear a coat=I don’t think I need wear a coatneed 用作及物动词,其否定形式要借助于don’t,doesn’t或didn’t,疑问形式要借助于do,does或did。如:We need some helpI don’t need things like thatShall 的用法:(1)、用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意愿。如:You shall do exactly as you wishHe shall get his noney(2)、用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意见或指示。如:Shall I turn on the light?What shall we drink?(3)、用于陈述句中,表示允诺、警告、命令、决心、强制等。如:Don’t worry,you shall get the answer this afternoonNothing shall stop us from carrying out this planShould 的用法:Should 意为“应该”,表示建议,相当于ought toWe should take actions at once to protect the earthWill 的用法:(1)、用于疑问句,表示请求、邀请。如:Will you open the window?Will you have another cup of tea?(2)、表示一种意图,主要用于第一人称,如:I’ll write to you soon as I canWe won’t stay here longer than two hours(3)、表示医院。如:He’ll help you if you ask himHe’ll try to mend it himself?(4)、表示预料或习惯性的动作。如:The football match will be over in ten minutes——what’s the matter with the door?——It won’t lockWould 的用法:(1)、表示愿望、决心、建议或看法,如:I would like to go thereI promise that I would do my best(2)、表示过去的习惯。如:He would often come to my house to see meDare的用法:用作情态动词,意为“敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句及条件句中。如:Dare you go home alone?He daren’t even look out.How dare they do such a thing?