【必背知识清单】人教版英语八年级上册 Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science. 同步必备知识清单

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.八年级英语上册必备知识清单一、词汇知识清单I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]doctor ['dɒktə(r)] 医生engineer [endʒɪ'nɪr] 工程师violinist [ˌvaɪə'lɪnɪst] 小提琴手pilot ['paɪlət] 飞行员pianist ['pɪənɪst] 钢琴家scientist ['saɪəntɪst] 科学家college ['kɑːlɪdʒ] 大学education [ˌedʒu'keɪʃn] 教育medicine ['medsn] 药，医学university [ˌjuːnɪ'vɜːrsəti] 大学，高等学府article ['ɑːrtɪkl] 文章，论文send [send] 邮寄，发送resolution [ˌrezə'luːʃn] 决心，决定foreign ['fɔːrən] 外国的able [ˌebəl] 能够discuss [dɪˌskʌs] 讨论，商量promise [ˌprɑmɪs] 承诺，诺言beginning [bɪˌɡɪnɪŋ] 开头，开端improve [ɪmˌpruv] 改进，改善physical ['fɪzɪkl] 身体的hobby ['hɑːbi] 业余爱好own [oʊn] 自己的，本人的，拥有personal ['pɜːrsənl] 个人的，私人的relationship [rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp] 关系II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]1. engineer [endʒɪ'nɪr] 工程师 ——engine n.引擎—engineering n.工程,工程学2. violinist [ˌvaɪə'lɪnɪst]小提琴手——violin n. 小提琴 3. pilot ['paɪlət] 飞行员——pilot v.领航驾驶 4. pianist ['pɪənɪst] 钢琴家 ——piano n.钢琴 5. scientist ['saɪəntɪst]科学家 ——science n.科学——scientific adj.科学的—scientifically adv.合乎科学地 6. education [ˌedʒu'keɪʃn] 教育 ——educational 教育的，有教育意义的adj—educate 教育v. ——educated adj.受过教育的—educator n.教育家，教育工作者7. medicine ['medsn]药，医学——medical adj医学的医疗的—medically adv.医学上,医疗上地 8. send [send] 邮寄，发送 (send——sent——sent) 9. grow up 长大 成长 (grow——grew——grown) 10. resolution [ˌrezə'luːʃn] 决心，决定 —resolved adj.下定决心的—resolver n.下定决心者—resolve v.决意决心 11. foreign ['fɔːrən] 外国的——foreigner n.外国人12. able [ˈebəl] 能够——unable adj.不能够的——ability n.能力才能—disabled adj.残疾的—disable v.使残废,使无资格—disability n.残疾无能—enable v.使能够；使可能 13. discuss [dɪˈskʌs] 讨论，商量——discussion n.讨论 14. promise [ˈprɑmɪs] 承诺，诺言——promising adj.有希望的有前途的 15. beginning [bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ] 开头，开端 ——(begin—began—begun) —beginner n.初学者,新手16. improve [ɪmˈpruv] 改进，改善——improvement n.提高改善 17. physical ['fɪzɪkl]身体的——physically adv. 身体上地18. hobby ['hɑːbi] 业余爱好——hobbyist 业余爱好者　 19. own [oʊn] 　自己的，本人的，拥有——owner n.主人——ownership n.所有权 20. personal ['pɜːrsənl]个人的，私人的—personally adv.私人地，个人地—personality n.性格—personalize v使个性化.—personalization n.个性化—personify v. 拟人化，把……人格化—personification n. 人格化；化身；拟人法 21. relationship [rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp] 关系—relate v.联系—relation n.联系—related adj.有关系的—relative adj.相对地/n.亲戚—relatively adv.相对地 22. agree with 同意 agree v.同意—disagree v.不同意—agreement n.协议同意III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]grow up成长；长大 grow into 成长为 2. be sure about对……有把握 make sure确信；务必3.send…to…把……送到…… send away 送走 4.be able to do能够做某事 5.the meaning of……的意思 6. different kinds of不同种类的 7.write down写下；记下 write articles 写文章 8.have to do with关于；与……有关系 9.take up开始做；学着做 10. too…to…太……而不能……/太……以至于不能 11.want to be 想成为 12.worry about 担忧担心 13.a fast car 跑车14.a race car driver 赛车手15.take acting/singing lessons上表演/歌唱课 16.cooking school 烹饪学校 17.make the soccer team成为足球队一员、组建足球队 18.get back from school从学校返回 19.make resolutions 下决心20.at the beginning of 在…开始，在…初IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]Section Acook (P. 41)cook此处用作名词，表示“厨师”，cooker意为“厨具”。I want to be a cook when I grow up.The cook is cooking food with the new cooker.What do you want to be when you grow up? (P. 41)(1) want表示“想要”时，为及物动词，后接不定式作宾语或者用于句型“want sb. to do sth.”中，表示“想要某人做某事”。They don’t want to throw away the old furniture.She wants her parents to pay for the car.when意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，主句一般用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。When I arrive, I will call you.grow up意为“长大、成熟”。I grew up in Beijing.I’m going to practice basketball every day. (P. 41)practice用作及物动词，表示“练习、训练”，后接名词或者动名词作宾语。The girl is practising playing the piano in the room.The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway. (P. 42)by此处用作介词，表示“由……创作”。I read a short story by Lu Xun.Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course. (P. 42)keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”。Lucy kept standing in class.【拓展】keep的用法 = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① keep sth. 保留某物You can keep the book until the next weekend. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② keep doing sth. 一直做某事The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ keep+adj. 保持……The girl eats a little to keep slim. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物……We should keep the window open while we are asleep.My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge. = 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that. (P. 42) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① be sure of/about sth. 对……确信Are you sure about the news? = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② be sure to do sth. 确保做某事Be sure to lock the door when you leave home. = 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③ be sure that....确信……I am sure that he will come soon. = 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ make sure that...确保……Make sure that you can finish the job on time.Well, don’t worry. (P. 42) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① worry about sb./sth. “为某人/某事而担心”You don’t need to worry about the coming exam. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② be worried about sth. “担心某人/某事”The parents are worried about their sick son.8. Just make sure you try your best.(P. 42) make sure意为“确保、查明”，后接that引导的宾语从句。Make sure that you pick us up at five o’clock.9. She’s going to take acting lessons. (P. 43) taking acting lessons意为“上表演课”，这里的take也可以换成have。Today we will take an English lesson.10. I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers. (P. 43) send用作及物动词，send sth. to sb.相当于send sb. sth.表示“把某物送给某人”。Please send this letter to your uncle.Section Bmake the soccer team (P. 44)team这里表示“队、组”，具有集合意义，在句中作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数（侧重整体）或者复数（侧重个体）。Their team has better players, but our team work hard.sound interesting (P. 44)sound此处用作系动词，表示“听起来”，后接形容词或者名词作表语，sound like表示“听起来像”。Your plan sounds fantastic.That sounds likes a good idea.Were you able to keep them? (P. 45)be able to意为“能够做某事”，强调经过努力而获得某种能力，can则表示自身具备的能力。We are able to get all kinds of information on the Internet.It’s a kind of promise. (P. 45) = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① promise作动词，表示“承诺、允诺”，后常接不定式或者从句作宾语，也可用于“promise sb. sth.”结构中，表示“允诺某人某物”，相当于promise sth. to sb.。He promised to attend the meeting on time.The workers promised that they would repaint the house for free.His father promised him a new bike on his birthday.=His father promised a new bike to him on his birthday. = 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② promise也可以用作名词，make a promise“许下诺言”；keep a promise“信守诺言”；break a promise“违背诺言”。If you make a promise, you must keep it whatever happens.When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives. (P. 45)at the beginning of意为“在……开始的时候”，反义词为at the end of“在……结束时”。At the beginning of the term, I found it difficult to learn Math.Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year. (P. 45)write down意为“写下、记下”，相当于take down或者note down。Please write these new words down.This helps them to remember their resolutions. (P. 45)(1) help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事；help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事Can you help me with my homework?He often helps his mother clean do housework.(2) remember to do sth.“记得要去做某事”，强调动作还没有发生；remember doing sth.“记得做过某事”，强调动作已经发生。Remember to close the door when you leave.I remembered meeting him before. but I was not sure where it is.8. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement. (P. 45)have to do with表示“与……有关系”，have nothing to do with表示“与……没关系”。Most of his questions had to do with his lessons.I have nothing to do with Tom.Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar. (P. 45)take up意为“开始学、开始做”，还可以表示“占用（时间或者空间）”。My father took up the study of English at the age of forty.This sofa takes up too much room.10. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. (P. 45)too+形容词或者副词+to表示“太……而不能”，该短语表示否定含义。The boy is too young to go to school.To question the idea of making resolutions. (P. 46)question此处用作动词，表示“怀疑、质疑”。I don't question his ability to do the job.To discuss the different kinds of resolutions (P. 46)discuss用作及物动词，表示“讨论、商量”，discuss sth. with sb.“和某人商量某事”。You needn’t discuss the problem with me.The first resolution is my own personal improvement. (P. 47)own此处用作形容词，表示“自己的”，常用的短语为：of one’s own“自己的”；on one’s own“独自地”。These students have opinions of their own.He can do it on his own.高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]1.be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 2. practice doing练习做某事 3.learn to do sth.学会做某事 4. finish doing sth.做完某事 5. promise to do sth.许诺去做某事6.help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 7.remember to do sth.记住做某事 8.agree to do sth.同意/接受做某事 agree with sb 同意某人的观点 9.love to do sth.喜爱做某事 10.do you know +陈述语序句子二、语法知识清单一般将来时定义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。常见用法：will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各种人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如：e.g. Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？　 Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。e.g. What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算做什么呢？b. 计划，安排要发生的事。e.g. The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。e.g. Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下暴雨了。3. 现在进行时表将来时　下列位移动词的现在进行时表示将来时　go、com、fly、leave、start、begin、finish、end、arrive…　e.g. she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.明天她要动身去往武汉了。句型转换1. “be going to＋动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首，即“Are/Is/Am＋主语＋going to＋动词原形＋其它？”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not.如：他们打算今天下午踢足球。 （1）They are going to play football this afternoon.（肯定句） （2）Are they going to play football this afternoon？（一般疑问句） （3）They are not going to play football this afternoon. （否定句） 2. “shall/will＋动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首，即“Shall/Will＋主语＋动词原形＋其它？”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如：我们老师很快回来。（1）Our teacher will come back very soon. （肯定句） （2）Will our teacher come back very soon？（一般疑问句） （3）Our teacher won’t come back very soon. （否定句）三、语篇知识清单话题分析： 本单元的话题是 “制定计划”，属于说明文。谈论未来的决定、打算或者自己的梦想。是整个八年级上册的重点话题，更是期末考试的首选话题，在八上占据极其重要的位置，要引起我们的高度重视。同时它也是英语中考常见的书面表达考点，这种话题还可以进一步延伸到安排活动，组织赛事等话题上，可谓充满无限可能性”。重点考查学生以下能力：熟练使用一般将来时态;用be going to 句型熟练造句；会制定并且准确表达自己的决心，计划，安排等；掌握常用表示职业的名称。写作步骤：（三段布局法） 1.结构：短文通常分为三个部分： 第一部分：开篇点题，引出话题。 第二部分：具体介绍计划，安排，打算，理想的内容。 第三部分：表明决心。 2.人称：第一人称。3.时态：一般将来时。词汇积累：resolution决心，决定/make resolutions做出决定grow up长大computer programmer/cook/doctor/engineer/teacher/violinist/driver/pilot/pianist职业scientist/actor/basketball player职业want to be想成为be going to do打算做practice basketball练习篮球be good at doing擅长做be sure about sth.对......有把握favorite 最喜欢的make sure确保study hard努力学习finish school毕业try one’s best尽最大努力in fact实际上in a word总之take singing lessons/acting lessons上唱歌/表演课as for me至于我in my opinion以我看来one of the main reasons主要的原因之一study education/math/science主修教育学/数学/科学专业learn to play the piano学会弹钢琴make the soccer team组建足球队get good grades取得好成绩eat healthier food吃更健康大的事物get lots of exercise多多锻炼learn another foreign language再学一门外语make promise许下承诺improve改善/提高the coming year来年physical health身体健康take up a hobby养成一个爱好for this reason基于这个原因句型积累：I am going to be a/an...when I grow up.我长大想成为一名.......I want to make three resolutions.我想制定三个决心。I am going to start when I finish high school and college.我打算毕业就开始。I want to work in Shanghai.我想在上海工作。I am going to study hard...我打算好好学习.....Not everyone knows what they want to be.不是每一个人都知道自己想成为什么。To be a reporter,I am going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers.为了成为记者.....I think I am interested in science.我觉得我对科学很感兴趣。As for me,I write down my resolutions and plans for the coming year.对于我来说，我写下我的决心和来年的计划安排。I am going to take up a hobby like.....我打算养成一个爱好，比如......I hope I can get better grades.我希望我的成绩更好。I like it best because I think it.....我最喜欢它是因为.........There are different kinds of resolutions.Mine are about physical health.有很多类型的决心，我的决心是....Different people have different ideas.不同的人对此有不同的看法.Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。I am sure my resolutions can come true if I try my best.我相信如果我足够努力，我的决心可以实现。写作训练一 （原创好题） 今天八月河南发生的疫情，让大家的暑假又延期了。假如你叫王琳，在即将开始得新学期，请你从改善身体健康和家人、朋友之间的关系上，写出你的决定。90词左右。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________写作训练二（原创好题） 假如你叫张华，校英语俱乐部正在征集有关同学们的人生职业规划的稿件，你想要投稿，请以“I want to be a/an________”为题，用英语写一篇短文。 要点：1.你想从事的职业是什么？2.如何去实现它？3.你的决心？要求：90词左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________范文赏析：训练一： The new term is coming next week. I am so exciting. I am going to make two resolutions for it. The first one is about improving my physical health. I am going to practice basketball on weekends.Playing basketball can help me to become healthier. Then I can get good grades. The second one is about improving the relationships with my parents and friends.I am going to communicate with them more.Doing more things together with my family will make us happy. I want to help my friends at school. If they have some trouble,I will be there to help them. I care about them because I want them to know they are important to me. I will try my best to keep the two resolutions. 训练二： I want to be a doctor My dream is to be a doctor when I grow up. When I was nine years old,I was badly ill. The doctor examined me carefully and tried his best to save me.He treated me patiently.I became better soon.The doctor’s actions made me warm.From then on,I want to be a doctor like him. To make it come true,I am going to study medicine in university when I finish high school. And I am going to work hard in the hospital to save more people. Where there is a will,there is a way.I will try my best to make my dream come true.