首位华人诺贝尔奖得主李政道逝世培优外刊阅读学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习

这是一份首位华人诺贝尔奖得主李政道逝世培优外刊阅读学案-2025届高三英语一轮复习，共4页。学案主要包含了词汇过关，词块学习，全文翻译等内容，欢迎下载使用。
外刊精选｜首位华人诺贝尔奖得主李政道逝世，97年传奇人生落幕
当地时间2024年8月4日凌晨，著名华人物理学家李政道在美国旧金山家中去世，享年97周岁。李政道于1926年11月24日出生于上海，曾就读于浙江大学和西南联大，后赴美在芝加哥大学取得博士学位。1956年，他和杨振宁一起研究出了弱相互作用中“宇称不守恒定律”，并在次年凭此发现共同获得诺贝尔物理学奖。他为何能取得如此卓越的学术成就？除了摘得诺奖外，他还作出了怎样的贡献？
Tsung-Da Lee, 97, Physicist Wh Challenged a Law f Nature, Dies
By Dylan Leb McClain
Tsung-Da Lee, a Chinese American physicist wh shared the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1957 fr verturning what had been cnsidered a fundamental law f nature—that particles are always symmetrical—died n Sunday at his hme in San Francisc. He was 97.
The thery that Dr. Lee verturned was called the law f cnservatin f parity, which said that every phenmenn and its mirrr image shuld behave precisely the same. At the time he challenged the thery, in 1956, it had been widely accepted fr 30 years. Dr. Lee was then a yung prfessr at Clumbia, where he had been prmted t full prfessr at age 29—the yungest in the university's histry at that pint.
In the fall f 1956, Dr. Lee and Dr. Yang published their thery in the jurnal Physical Review. They were awarded the Nbel Prize the fllwing year. Dr. Lee was just 31 when he accepted the prize; he and Dr. Yang were the first Chinese-brn laureates.
Dr. Lee had an exceptinally lng and prductive career. He retired frm regular teaching at Clumbia in 2012, at age 86, but cntinued t cntribute ideas t particle physics research int his 90s. Dr. Lee remained fairly mdest abut the discvery that brught him the Nbel Prize. It was the prduct f insight abut smething that, it turned ut, was hiding in plain sight. Nbdy saw it befre "because it was a mental blck," he said in the 2007 interview. "Nbdy lked fr it."
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.law n.法则
2.verturn 英 [ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn] 美 [ˌʊvərˈtɜrːn]v. ____________________
3.fundamental 英 [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] 美 [ˌfʌndəˈmentl]adj. ____________________
4.symmetrical 英 [sɪˈmetrɪkl] 美 [sɪˈmetrɪkl]adj. ____________________
5.cnservatin 英 [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn]n. ____________________
6.parity 英 [ˈpærəti] 美 [ˈperəti]n. ____________________
7.laureate 英 [ˈlɒriət] 美 [ˈlɔːriət]n. ____________________
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.____________________________________ 自然界客观存在的规律，自然法则
2.____________________________________ 推翻之前的决定
3.____________________________________ 非常基础的、基本的差距
4.____________________________________ 造成根本变化
5.____________________________________ 能量守恒
6.____________________________________ 宇称守恒定律
7.____________________________________ 镜像
8.____________________________________ 正教授
9.____________________________________ 证明，事实是
10.____________________________________ 在一个显而易见的地方
11.____________________________________ 心理阻隔，心理障碍
拓展练习阅读理解
In 1957 a grup f physicists gathered in a lecture hall at Princetn University t be addressed by a Chinese American wman. As she tld the crwd abut her recent experiment and its results, the respnse was dead silence fr tw minutes, then a thunderus applause cntinued fr ten minutes. The wman was Chien-Shiung Wu, knwn as the First Lady f Physics, wh transfrmed nuclear science thrugh her wrk n the Manhattan Prject and ther grundbreaking experiments.
Brn in 1912 near Shanghai, China, Wu was influenced by her father, an engineer, and her mther, an educatr. Unlike many Chinese wmen f her time, she received a frmal educatin. Fascinated by new discveries and the stry f wmen scientists like Marie Curie, she entered Natinal Central University t study physics and then began her scientific studies.
It was a time f rapid change in bth the field f physics and China. Dmestic unrest and a bad relatinship with Japan made life at hme uneasy. With the help f an uncle, she immigrated t the United States fr graduate schl.
Wu planned t g t the University f Michigan, but a tur f the University f Califrnia, Berkeley-and wrd that a student center at Michigan did nt allw female students t enter thrugh the frnt dr-changed her mind. At Berkeley Wu was visible fr her gender and race, and frm the start her male clleagues cmmented as much n her physical appearance as her keen mind. She quickly gained a reputatin and became an expert in the newly discvered phenmenn f nuclear fissin （核裂变）.
After graduatin, she headed t Smith Cllege t teach wmen physics. During Wrld War Tw Wu went t Princetn University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructr. But shrtly after her arrival, her career tk an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up jining the staff at Clumbia University n a tp-secret research prgram nw knwn as the Manhattan Prject.
1．Which wrd best describes the lecture in Paragraph 1?
A．Bring.B．HumrusC．ExcellentD．Cmmn.
2．What inspired Wu t study physics?
A．The backgrund f her family.B．The success f wmen scientists.
C．The frmal educatin she received.D．The rapid change in the field f physics.
3．What happened t Wu in America?
A．She was lked dwn n at Berkeley.
B．She went t the University f Michigan at first.
C．She taught wmen physics at Princetn University.
D．She jined a tp-secret research prgram at Clumbia University.
4．Which f the fllwing best describes Wu as a scientist?
A．Mdest and independent.B．Creative and warm-hearted.
C．Respnsible and cautius.D．Cmmitted and ambitius.
外刊精选答案
【词汇过关】
请写出下面文单词在文章中的中文意思。
1.law n.法则
2.verturn 英 [ˌəʊvəˈtɜːn] 美 [ˌʊvərˈtɜrːn]v. 翻车；把……掀翻；把……结论，把……定论推翻
3.fundamental 英 [ˌfʌndəˈmentl] 美 [ˌfʌndəˈmentl]adj. 基本的，基础的，非常重要的
4.symmetrical 英 [sɪˈmetrɪkl] 美 [sɪˈmetrɪkl]adj. 对称的
5.cnservatin 英 [ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn] 美 [ˌkɑːnsərˈveɪʃn]n. 守恒
6.parity 英 [ˈpærəti] 美 [ˈperəti]n. 平等，均等；宇称
7.laureate 英 [ˈlɒriət] 美 [ˈlɔːriət]n. 获得桂冠的人，获得殊荣的人；诺贝尔奖得主
【词块学习】
请从文章中找到下面中文相对应的文词块。
1.a law f nature自然界客观存在的规律，自然法则
2.verturn a decisin 推翻之前的决定
3.fundamental difference 非常基础的、基本的差距
4.make sme fundamental change 造成根本变化
5.cnservatin f energy 能量守恒
6.cnservatin f parity 宇称守恒定律
7.mirrr image镜像
8.full prfessr正教授
9.turn ut证明，事实是
10.in plain sight在一个显而易见的地方
11.mental blck心理阻隔，心理障碍
【全文翻译】
挑战自然法则的物理学家李政道逝世，享年97岁
美籍华裔物理学家李政道于周日在旧金山家中去世。他推翻了一条曾被学界公认的基本自然法则——粒子永远保持对称，并因此成为1957年诺贝尔物理学奖的获奖者之一。他享年97周岁。
李政道博士所推翻的理论被称为“宇称守恒定律”，根据这条定律，每一个现象与它的镜像表现应该是完全一样的。当他在1956年挑战这一理论时，这一理论已经在学界被广泛接受30年了。当时李政道是哥伦比亚大学的一名年轻教授，他在29岁时就被这所大学晋升为正教授——他在当时也是这所大学历史上最年轻的教授。
1956年秋天，李政道博士和杨振宁博士在期刊《物理评论》上发表了他们的理论。第二年，他们就被授予了诺贝尔奖。李政道博士获奖时只有31岁；他和杨振宁博士是最早获得诺贝尔奖的华人。
李博士的学术生涯极为长久且硕果累累。2012年，86岁的他从哥伦比亚大学的常规教学岗位上退休，但是一直到90多岁，他依然在为粒子物理学领域贡献想法。对于让自己获得诺贝尔奖的这一发现，李政道博士始终非常谦虚。在2007年的一次采访中他表示，这一发现源自于对某个事物的洞察，而这个事物一直隐藏在显而易见的地方，之前没有人看到“只是因为大家有一个思维障碍”，“所以就没有人去寻找它”。
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“物理界第一夫人”吴健雄的生平，讲述了她的求学经历，科研之路以及对核科学的贡献。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As she tld the crwd abut her recent experiment and its results, the respnse was dead silence fr tw minutes, then a thunderus applause cntinued fr ten minutes.(当她向人群讲述她最近的实验及其结果时，回应是两分钟的死寂，然后是持续了十分钟的雷鸣般的掌声)”可知，当她向听众介绍她的实验和结果后，现场先是沉默了两分钟，随后是长达十分钟的雷鸣般掌声，由此可推知，她的演讲很精彩。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fascinated by new discveries and the stry f wmen scientists like Marie Curie, she entered Natinal Central University t study physics and then began her scientific studies.(她被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，于是进入中央大学学习物理，然后开始她的科学研究)”可知，吴健雄被新发现和像玛丽·居里这样的女科学家的故事所吸引，所以选择学习物理。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But shrtly after her arrival, her career tk an unexpected turn in 1944. She ended up jining the staff at Clumbia University n a tp-secret research prgram nw knwn as the Manhattan Prject.(但在她到达后不久，1944年，她的职业生涯发生了意想不到的转折。她最终加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划)”可知，吴健雄到美国后，加入了哥伦比亚大学的一个绝密研究项目，该项目现在被称为曼哈顿计划。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The wman was Chien-Shiung Wu, knwn as the First Lady f Physics, wh transfrmed nuclear science thrugh her wrk n the Manhattan Prject and ther grundbreaking experiments.(这位女士就是被称为“物理学第一夫人”的吴建雄，她通过在曼哈顿计划和其他开创性实验中的工作改变了核科学)”、第四段中“Wu planned t g t the University f Michigan, but a tur f the University f Califrnia, Berkeley-and wrd that a student center at Michigan did nt allw female students t enter thrugh the frnt dr-changed her mind.(吴原计划去密歇根大学，但在参观了加州大学伯克利分校后，听说该校的一个学生中心不允许女学生从前门进入，她改变了主意)”和“She quickly gained a reputatin and became an expert in the newly discvered phenmenn f nuclear fissin (核裂变).(她很快获得了声誉，并成为新发现的核裂变现象的专家)”以及最后一段中“After graduatin, she headed t Smith Cllege t teach wmen physics. During Wrld War Tw Wu went t Princetn University, where she became the physics department’s first female instructr.(毕业后，她前往史密斯学院教授女性物理。第二次世界大战期间，吴去了普林斯顿大学，在那里她成为物理系的第一位女讲师)”可知，吴健雄致力于物理学的研究，并取得很多开创性的成果，故她是一个具有奉献精神和有雄心的科学家，故选D项。