高考英语：热点题型和提分秘籍-专题08 动词的时态与语态（练习及答案解析版）

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专题08 动词的时态与语态（原卷版）
【高频考点解读】
课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。
【热点题型】
题型一 一般现在时与现在进行时
例1、“Life is like walking in the snw”， Granny used t say, “because every step_______.”
A．has shwn B．is shwing
C．shws D．shwed
【提分秘籍】
1．一般现在时
(1)一般现在时强调经常性、习惯性的动作或永久性的状态。
—I called yu last night，but nbdy answered.
—Oh，I usually switch ff my cellphne by 8∶00 p．m..
——昨晚我给你打电话，但是没人接电话。
——噢，我通常在晚上8点关机。
(2)可表示客观真理、科学事实。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中常用一般现在时。
Will yu help me t lk fr an imprtant file I left in my ffice this mrning immediately yu arrive?
你一到办公室时可以帮我找一下我今早丢在办公室的一份重要文件吗？
(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin，cme，leave，g，arrive，start，stp，return，pen，clse等。
The flight takes ff at 2∶30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每星期三、五2∶30起飞。
2．现在进行时
(1)现在进行时表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；g，cme等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时。
Teenagers are damaging their health because they play cmputer games t much.
青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩电脑游戏太多了。
(2)always，ften，cnstantly，frequently，frever等副词和现在进行时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。
Tm is always cming late fr meetings.
汤姆开会老是迟到。
【举一反三】
Lk at the pride n Tm’s face.He_______ t have been praised by the manager just nw.
A．seemed B．seems
C．had seemed D．is seeming
题型二 现在完成时和一般过去时
例2、The president hpes that the peple will be better ff when he quits than when he ________.
A．has started B．starts
C．started D．will start
【提分秘籍】
1．现在完成时
主要强调“过去”和“现在”的关系，须注意下面几点：
(1)指过去发生的事情一直延续到现在。
(2)指过去的动作对现在的影响。
(3)常用于现在完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by nw，up t nw，s far，already，yet，since，fr five years，recently，lately，befre，never，nce，tday，this week (mnth，year)，many times，just等。
2．与一般过去时的对比
现在完成时指过去发生的事情一直延续到现在，或者过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果，属于现在时的范畴。
而一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，last week，in 2003，three days ag等连用(或上下文语境有暗示)。
Up t nw，the prgram has saved thusands f children wh wuld therwise have died.到现在为止，该项目救助了上千名孩子，不然他们就会死亡。
Excuse me.I didn’t realize I was blcking yur way.
对不起，我原来不知道挡你的路了。
The bk has been translated int thirty languages since it came n the market in 1973.
自从这本书在1973年上市以来已被翻译成三十种语言。
【举一反三】
I had been wrking n math fr the whle afternn and the numbers_________befre my eyes.
A．swim B．swum
C．swam D．had swum
题型三 过去进行时和一般过去时
例3、The manager was wrried abut the press cnference his assistant ________ in his place but，luckily，everything was ging n smthly.
A．gave B．gives
C．was giving D．had given
【提分秘籍】
1．过去进行时
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与时间状语
this time last year，that time last night或由when，while，as引导的时间状语从句连用。
(2)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。
(3)与副词always，cnstantly，cntinually，frever连用时表示赞美或讨厌的感情色彩。
2．与一般过去时的对比
一般过去时强调过去已经结束的动作，而过去进行时表示动作的进行但不一定完成。
I was ut f twn at the time，s I dn’t knw exactly hw it was happening.
那时我不在镇上,因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。
—Have yu finished reading Jane Eyre?
—N，I was ding my hmewrk all day yesterday.
——你读完《Jane Eyre》这本书了吗？
——没有，昨天我一整天都在写作业。
He wrked in a factry in 1986.
1986年他在一家工厂做工。
【举一反三】
Srry！I didn’t ntice yu entering the rm because I ________ a phne call.
A．answered B．had answered
C．was answering D．has been answering
题型四 过去完成时与一般过去时
例4、Peter had intended t take a jb in business，but ________ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.
A．had abandned B．abandned
C．abandn D．will abandn
【提分秘籍】
过去完成时表示过去某时间或某动作之前已经发生的事情或存在的状态，即：过去的过去。常用时间状语：by/by the time f/by the end f/befre＋过去的时间。动词expect，hpe，prmise，think，want等的过去完成时可用来表示本来打算做而没有做某事。而一般过去时则强调过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
The mment she came in，she tld me what had happened t her.
她一进来就告诉我她所发生的一切。
The train had left befre we reached the statin.
我们到车站时，火车已经离开了。
【举一反三】
She ________fr fifteen years，yet she didn’t knw what kind f persn she ________.
A．had married；married
B．had gt married；married t
C．had been married；had married
D．married；had married t
题型五 现在完成时与现在完成进行时
例5、The manager ________ the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a．m..
A．has tld B．is telling
C．has been telling D．will have tld
【提分秘籍】
现在完成时强调过去发生的事情一直延续到现在，或者过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或结果；而现在完成进行时也表示过去发生的事情一直延续到现在，但它强调动作还在进行，强调动作的持续性。
I have just cleaned my clthes.
我刚洗过衣服。
I have been cleaning clthes fr three hurs.
我已经洗了三个小时的衣服了。
【举一反三】
—Isn’t it hard t drive dwntwn t wrk?
—Yeah，that’s why I ________t wrk by train.
A．have gne B．have been ging
C．was ging D．will have gne
题型六 一般将来时与将来进行时
例6、I feel s excited! At this time tmrrw mrning I ________ t Shanghai.
A．will be flying B．will fly
C．have been flying D．have flwn
【提分秘籍】
1．一般将来时
一般将来时的常用形式：be ging t与will/shall，be t d，be abut t d
(1)be ging t表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will d表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。此外，be ging t还可表示有迹象表明要发生某事，而shall/will d不能。
—Mary has been in hspital fr a week.
—Really？I will g t see her this afternn.
——玛丽已住院一周了。
——真的？我下午去看她。
It seems as if it’s ging t rain.
天好像要下雨。
(2)be t d sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is t be held at 3∶00 ’clck this afternn.
会议将在今天下午3点举行。
(3)be abut t d sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
I was abut t g ut when it began t rain.
我刚要出门，就在这时天下起雨来了。
2．将来进行时
将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有：at this time tmrrw/the day after tmrrw，frm 1∶30 t 4∶30 tmrrw/the day after tmrrw。
He will be giving a lecture this time tmrrw.
明天此时他将正在做报告。
【举一反三】
Yu’d better nt call my teacher between 9∶00 and 11∶00 this mrning，fr he ________ his lessn then.
A．will prepare B．will have prepared
C．will be preparing D．wuld prepare
题型七 被动语态
例7、—Have yu heard abut that fire in the market?
— Yes, frtunately n ne ________.
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
【提分秘籍】
1．常用于固定句式
It is hped that...(希望……);It is believed that...(据信……)；It’s suppsed that...(据推测……)；It’s thught that...(有人认为……)；It’s said that...(据说……)
It’s suppsed that he will be elected president.
据推测他将当选总统。
2．在主动语态中，感官动词后含有省略t的不定式作宾语补足语，在改为被动语态时，不定式符号t不能省略。
She is ften heard t sing in her rm.
经常听到她在房间里唱歌。
3．“get＋过去分词”可看作系表结构，如get changed换衣服；get washed洗脸；get lst迷路；get cnfused迷惑不解；get married结婚；get divrced离婚等。
Mre and mre peple are getting attacked in the undergrund these days.
近来，越来越多的人在地铁里遭到袭击。
4．主动形式表被动意义
(1)系动词lk，feel，sund，smell，taste，seem，appear，g，prve，turn等＋形容词/名词。
Ice feels cld.冰摸上去凉。
His plan prved (t be) practical.他的计划被证明符合实际。
(2)表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，pen，lk，shut等。
—What abut the bks?
—Bks f this kind sell well.
——这些书怎么样？
——这种书很畅销。
【举一反三】
—What happened t that wman selling newspapers?
—I dn’t knw.She ________ arund here fr a lng time.
A．hasn’t seen B．didn’t see
C．hadn’t been seen D．hasn’t been seen
【高考风向标】
【·北京】22.--Did yu enjy the party?
--Yes,we___by ur hsts.
A.were treated B.wuld be treated. C.treated D.had treated
2.【·北京】26.in the last few years,China ___ great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
A.has made B.had made C.was making D.is making
【·北京】30. —Dr. Jacksn is nt in his ffice at the mment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【·重庆】1. —Is Peter cming?
—N, he____ his mind after a phne call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed C. was changing D. had changed
【·重庆】13. In my hmetwn, there is always a harvest supper fr the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been
【·浙江】8. Albert Einstein was brn in 1879. As a child, few peple guessed that he a famus scientist whse theries wuld change the wrld.
A. has been B. had been C. was ging t be D. was
【·天津】9. Despite the previus runds f talks, n agreement______ s far by the tw sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
【·天津】6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 ’clck this afternn because she ______ a class at that time.
A. will teach B. wuld teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【·四川】4.Mre expressways in Sichuan sn t prmte the lcal ecnmy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【·陕西】24. At cllege, Barack Obama didn’t knw that he the first black president f the United States f America.
A. was t becme B. becmes C. is t becme D. became
【·陕西】22. Mary really hard n his bk and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. wrked B. has been wrking C. had wrked D. has wrked
【·福建】26.T my delight, I frm hundreds f applicants t attend the pening ceremny.
A. was chsen B. was being chsen C. wuld chse D. had chsen
【·江苏】30.The real reasn why prices ____ , and still are, t high is cmplex, and n shrt discussin can satisfactrily explain this prblem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【·安徽】29.It is reprted that a space statin ______ n the mn in years t cme.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【·安徽】24.Just as I gt t the schl gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left C wuld leave D. was leaving
【·湖南】28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are yu staring at me like that?"
A. wuld lk at B. lked at C. was lking at D. am lking at
【·湖南】25.I wasn't able t hide my eagerness when I ________, "What d yu wish me t d nw?"
A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked
【·湖南】22.As yu g thrugh this bk, yu ________ that each f the millins f peple wh lived thrugh Wrld War II had a different experience.
A. will find B. fund C. had fund D. have fund
【·湖南】32.I had a strng desire t reach in and play with the ty, but ________ thankfully by the shp windw.
A. am held back B. held back
C．hld back D．was held back
1．(·北京卷)—Hi, let's g skating.
—Srry, I'm busy right nw. I ________(fill) in an applicatin frm fr a new jb.
2．(·天津卷)We wn't start the wrk until all the preparatins________(make)．
3．(·安徽卷)The twins, wh________(finish) their hmewrk, were allwed t play badmintn n the playgrund.
4．(·陕西卷)During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almst all the lcal fds his friends ________(recmmend)．
5．(·湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________(try) t make ur envirnment mre beautiful.
6．(·江西卷)—Tny, why are yur eyes red?
—I ________(cut) up peppers fr the last five minutes.
7．(·福建卷)—Haven't seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?
—I went t Ningxia and________(stay) there fr ne year, teaching as a vlunteer.
8．(·四川卷)She ________(phne) smene, s I ndded t her and went away.
9．(·重庆卷)Yu'd better write dwn her phne number befre yu ________(frget) it.
10．(·江苏卷)—Hw much d yu knw abut the Yuth Olympic Games t be held in Nanjing?
—Well, the media________(cver) it in a variety f frms.
11．(·福建，26)The girl has a great interest in sprt and ________ badmintn classes twice a week ver the last three years.
A．tk B．is taking
C．takes D．has been taking
12．(·北京，28)Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________ us.
A．expect B．are expecting
C．have expected D．will expect
13．(·北京，32)—S what is the prcedure?
—All the applicants ________ befre a final decisin is made by the authrity.
A．interview B．are interviewing
C．are interviewed D．are being interviewed
14．(·湖南，22)“What d yu want t be？”asked Mrs.Crawfrd.
“Oh, I________president，”said the by, with a smile.
A．have been B．am
C．was D．will be
15．(·湖南，26)If nthing________，the ceans will turn int fish deserts.
A．des B．had been dne
C．will d D．is dne
16．(·湖南，34)—I dn't understand why yu didn't g t the lecture yesterday afternn.
—I'm s srry.But I________my hmewrk.
A．had dne B．was ding C．wuld d D．am ding
17．(·江苏，21)Generally，students' inner mtivatin with high expectatins frm thers________essential t their develpment.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
18．(·江苏，25)—Culd I use yur car tmrrw mrning?
—Sure.I________a reprt at hme.
A．will be writing B．will have written
C．have written D．have been writing
19．(·山东，27)—Oh n! We're t late.The train________.
— That's OK.We'll catch the next train t Lndn.
A．was leaving B．had left
C．has left D．has been leaving
20．(·辽宁，22)He was unhappy when he sld his guitar.After all，he________it fr a very lng time.
A.has had B．had had
C．has D．had
【高考押题】
1. If yu dn't like the drink yu ______， just leave it and try a different ne.
A．rdered B．are rdering
C．will rder D．had rdered
2．That piece f music sunds quite familiar. Wh ________ the pian upstairs?
A．has played B．played
C．plays D．is playing
3．Lk at the pride n Tm's face. He ________ t have been praised by the manager just nw.
A．seemed B．seems
C．had seemed D．is seeming
4．All visitrs t this village ________ with kindness.
A．treat B．are treated
C．are treating D．had been treated
5．—What a mistake!
—Yes.I ________ his ding it anther way, but withut success.
A．was suggesting B．will suggest
C．wuld suggest D．had suggested
6．Planning s far ahead ________ n sense—s many things will have changed by next year.
A．made B．is making
C．makes D．has made
7．I wasn't sure if he was really interested r if he ________ plite.
A．was just being B．will just be
C．had just been D．wuld just be
8．When Alice came t, she did nt knw hw lng she ________ there.
A．had been lying B．has been lying
C．was lying D．has lain
9．When I gt n the bus，I________I had left my wallet at hme.
A. was realizing B. realized
C. have realized D. wuld realize
10．She was surprised t find the fridge empty; the children ________ everything!
A. had been eating B. had eaten
C. have eaten D. have been eating
11．—I hear yu________in a club. What's it like?
—Well, it's very hard wrk and I'm always tired, but I dn't mind.
A．are wrking B．will wrk
C．were wrking D．will be wrking
12．The fact that s many peple still smke in public places________that we may need a natinwide campaign t raise awareness f the risks f smking.
A．suggest B．suggests
C．suggested D．suggesting
13．—Tmmy is planning t buy a car.
—I knw. By next mnth, he________enugh fr a used ne.
A. saves B. saved
C. will save D. will have saved
14．In the last few years thusands f films______all ver the wrld.
A．have prduced B．have been prduced
C．are prducing D．are being prduced
15．On her next birthday, Ann______married fr twenty years.
A．is B．has been
C．will be D．will have been
16．I______sner but I didn't knw that they were waiting fr me.
A．had cme B．was cming
C．wuld cme D．wuld have cme
17．I'll g t the library as sn as I finish what I______.
A．was ding B．am ding
C．have dne D．had been ding
18．By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn______frm cllege.
A．graduated B．has graduated
C．had been graduating D．had graduated
19．Last mnth，the Japanese gvernment expressed their thanks fr the aid they______frm China.
A．receive B．are receiving
C．have received D．had received
20.—What d yu think f stre shpping in the future?
—Persnally, I think it will exist alng with hme shpping but ________.
A. will never replace B. wuld never replace
C. will never be replaced D. wuld never be replaced