湖南省长沙市师大附中2025届高三上学期第二次月考英语试题（Word版附解析）

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第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Virgin Islands Natinal Park is a trpical(热带的)paradise n the island f St. Jhn,which cvers mre than half f the small island.It is surrunded by the Atlantic Ocean t the nrth and the Caribbean Sea t the suth,where the climate is warm all year.The island's white sand beaches and clear blue seas are cnsidered t be amng the mst beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputatin and ppularity amng visitrs acrss the wrld.
Hw the natinal park was frmed
Laurence Rckefeller was an American millinaire,businessman and cnservatinist.He visited St.Jhn in the 1950s. He quickly fell in lve with the island's clean,pure beauty.He first purchased a small resrt there, Caneel Bay. He als purchased mre than 2,000 hectares f the island and dnated it t the gvernment.That dnatin created the Islands Natinal Park.It was fficially pened as a natinal park n December 1,1956.
Hw t get t the park
The nly way t reach the park is by bat.Sme peple arrive n their wn sailbats.Others cme in n large cruise ships.Visitrs als arrive n water taxis frm the island f St.Thmas.
What t d at the park
Frm the trpical hills t the blue waters,there are many things t d at the Virgin Islands Natinal Park.Visitrs enjy fishing,camping,sailing,scuba diving, snrkeling (浮潜),and bird watching.Of all f the park's beaches,Trunk Bay Beach is said t be the mst striking.Belw the clear blue water is a 200-meter snrkeling path. Hawksnest Beach is als a ppular place fr snrkeling.Near the shre are three small reefs f Elkhrn Cral.The Elkhrn Cral gets its name frm its shape.The reef lks similar t the huge hrns(角)f an animal called elk.It is a very rare kind f reef.Scientists say it is in danger f becming extinct.
The Virgin Islands Natinal Park is ften called America's paradise.It prtects St. Jhn's pristine nature,and preserves the recrd f human histry in the Caribbean.
Dn't hesitate! Cme here and put yurself in the paradise!
1. What is mst likely attractive t turists when they visit the Virgin Islands Natinal Park?
A. Its trpical climate.B. Its lcatin.
C. Its beautiful scenery.D. Its activity.
2. What can we learn abut the Virgin Islands Natinal Park?
A. An animal called elk is at risk f becming dying ut.
B. Visitrs can chse any means f transprtatin t get t the park.
C. Laurence's dnatin greatly cntributed t the fundatin f the park.
D. There is a 200-meter snrkeling path beneath the water f the Hawksnest Beach.
3. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A. A speech script.B. A travel brchure.
C. An academic essay.D. A gegraphic jurnal.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国维尔京群岛国家公园的概况、怎么去这个公园、以及在这个公园可以做一些什么。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The island’s white sand beaches and clear blue seas are cnsidered t be amng the mst beautiful in the Caribbean,gaining reputatin and ppularity amng visitrs acrss the wrld.(岛上的白色沙滩和清澈的蓝色海洋被认为是加勒比海最美丽的海滩之一，在世界各地的游客中赢得了声誉和欢迎。)”可知，游客们最有可能被它的美丽景色吸引。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He als purchased mre than 2,000 hectares f the island and dnated it t the gvernment.That dnatin created the Islands Natinal Park.(他还购买2000多公顷的土地并捐赠给了政府。这笔捐赠创建了美国维尔京群岛国家公园。)”可知，是他的这笔捐款促成了维尔京群岛国家公园的建立。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Dn’t hesitate! Cme here and put yurself in the paradise!(不要犹豫！来，置身于天堂！)”以及小标题“Hw t get t the park”和“What t d at the park”可知，此文摘自于旅游手册。故选B。
B
Being’s Starliner spacecraft landed in a New Mexic desert late n Friday,mnths after its riginal departure date and withut the tw astrnauts it carried when it launched in early June.
The Nasa astrnauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmre shuld have flwn the Starliner back t Earth in June a week after launching in it.But thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks marred their ride. Instead, they will remain at the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) fr the rest f the year and will return in February abard the SpaceX Dragn spacecraft.
Nasa ultimately decided it was t risky t return Williams and Wilmre n the Starliner. S the capsule cntains their empty seats and blue spacesuits alng with sme ld statin equipment.
After Nasa’s space shuttles were retired mre than a decade ag, Nasa hired Being and SpaceX fr rbital (轨道的) taxi service. Being ran int s many prblems n its first test flight with n ne nbard in 2019 that it had t repeat it. The 2022 d-ver uncvered even mre flaws and the repair bill tpped $1.5bn.
The Starliner finally blasted int space n 5 June frm Flrida’s Cape Canaveral Space Frce Statin after unsuccessful launches n 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt,a prblem was fund with a valve (阀门) n the secnd stage,r upper prtin, f the rcket. On the secnd,a cmputer tripped an autmatic hld just three minutes and 50 secnds frm liftff. That was later attributed t a single grund pwer supply fault within ne f the launch cntrl cmputers.
Even after it successfully launched,helium leaks cntinued t truble the spacecraft. As the Starliner apprached the ISS, tw leaks were detected but Nasa determined the spacecraft remained stable. What started as an eight-day missin dragged n fr three mnths after the leaks and faulty thrusters raised safety cncerns.
Hwever, Nasa and Being fficials insisted that the astrnauts were nt trapped and that the technical difficulties did nt threaten the missin. “We’ll cme hme when we’re ready,” Steve Stich, Nasa’s cmmercial crew prgram manager, said in the press cnference in July.
4. What des the underlined wrd “marred” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Underwent.B. Stimulated.
C. Facilitated.D. Blcked.
5. What d we knw abut Being’s spacecraft launches?
A. They were filled with delays and setbacks.B. Starliner’s initial launch went smthly.
C. The 2019 manned spaceflight was a failureD. Reasns f the prblems were still unidentified.
6. Why didn’t the tw astrnauts cme back t Earth n time?
A. Because the prject went ver the riginal budget.B. Because they were bth in serius health cnditins.
C. Because it was dangerus t take the Starliner then.D. Because Nasa fficials failed t reach an agreement.
7. What can be implied accrding t the last tw paragraphs?
A. The tw astrnauts wuld cme back sn.
B. Officials cnsidered the situatin within cntrl.
C. Nasa fficials were pessimistic and pressed.
D. The missin wuld be cmpleted in 3 mnths.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国波音公司的载人飞船“星际客机”搭载两名美国宇航员发射升空，因技术故障导致宇航员无法如期返回。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The Nasa astrnauts Suni Williams and Butch Wilmre shuld have flwn the Starliner back t Earth in June, a week after launching in it. ut thruster (推进器) failures and helium (氦气) leaks…(美国国家航空航天局的宇航员Suni Williams和Butch Wilmre本应在6月，即发射一周后，驾驶“星际客机”返回地球。但是推进器故障和氦气泄漏……)”和下文“Instead, they will remain at the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) fr the rest f the year and will return in February abard the SpaceX Dragn spacecraft.(相反，他们将在今年剩下的时间里留在国际空间站(ISS)，并将于2月份乘坐SpaceX的“龙”飞船返回)”可知，因推进器故障和氦气泄漏，宇航员不能按原计划返回，只能暂时待在国际空间站，故此处指技术故障阻碍了旅程，marred意为“阻碍”，故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“The Starliner finally blasted int space n 5 June frm Flrida’s Cape Canaveral Space Frce Statin after unsuccessful launches n 6 May and 1 June. On the first launch attempt, a prblem was fund with a valve (阀门) n the secnd stage, r upper prtin, f the rcket. On the secnd, a cmputer tripped an autmatic hld just three minutes and 50 secnds frm liftff. That was later attributed t a single grund pwer supply fault within ne f the launch cntrl cmputers.(在5月6日和6月1日两次发射失败后，“星际客机”终于于6月5日从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角空间站发射升空。在第一次发射中，在火箭的第二级或上部的阀门上发现了问题。第二次发射时，计算机在发射前3分50秒触发了一次自动保持。这后来被归因于一个发射控制计算机的单一地面电源故障)”可知， 波音的载人飞行任务历经波折，充满了延期和挫折。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Nasa ultimately decided it was t risky t return Williams and Wilmre n the Starliner.(美国宇航局最终决定让Williams和Wilmre乘坐星际客机返回太冒险了。)”可知，宇航员没有顺利返程是因为宇航局最终确定如果宇宙飞船带他们一起返回太冒险了，故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“ determined the spacecraft remained stable(美国宇航局确定飞船保持稳定)”和最后一段中“Hwever, Nasa and Being fficials insisted that the astrnauts were nt trapped and that the technical difficulties did nt threaten the missin.(然而，美国宇航局和波音公司的官员坚称，宇航员没有被困，技术上的困难不会威胁到任务)”可知，官员认为目前情况可控，故选B。
C
Actr Alicia Silverstne wrried fans n scial media recently. While n a trip t England, she psted a TikTk vide f herself tasting a kind f pisnus berries she fund alng a sidewalk. Silverstne, wh appeared in the 1995 mvie Clueless, said she thught the fruit was a tmat. But when she bit int it and fund that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was nt the cmmn fd.
Plant expert, Jessica Damian, recently wrte abut pisnus plants that lk like cmmn fds fr the Assciated Press. She said the fruit that lked like a tmat appears t have been a Jerusalem cherry.
Often sld as a huseplant, all parts f the Jerusalem cherry are pisnus.The American Sciety fr the Preventin f Cruelty t Animals says the plant is nt nly harmful t humans but als t dgs, cats and hrses.Eating large amunts can be deadly. Silverstne was lucky because she did nt swallw the berries. She was als lucky because the berries were reddish range, which meant they were ripe. While all parts f the Jerusalem cherry are pisnus, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerus.
They can cause prblems with the central nervus and gastrintestinal (肠胃的) systems.
The Jerusalem cherry is nt the nly txic plant that lks like a safe ne.
The pisnus Carlina hrsenettle fruit als lks like a tmat. It is als knwn as devil’s ptat t add t the cnfusin.The Virginia creeper fruit als lks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flwers like a carrt and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply tuching it can cause a skin prblem. Creeping buttercup lks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stmach pain,vmiting (呕吐) and heart prblems. And Canadian mnseed can be cnfused with wild grape. Hwever, its taste is s bitter that yu wuld likely spit it ut befre swallwing it. This is a gd thing because eating it can lead t death.
If yu think yu have swallwed a txic plant by mistake, cntact a pisn cntrl center in yur area r yur dctr immediately. There is additinal infrmatin n the website pisn.rg.
Damian advises using cmmn sense with plants yu find in the wild. If yu are nt cmpletely sure that smething is fd, d nt eat it.
8. What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A. T present the authr’s argument.
B. T intrduce the tpic f the article.
C. T raise the public’s attentin f wild plants.
D. T ppularize the knwledge f medical science.
9. Why was Silverstne thught t be frtunate?
A. The berries she had a bite were ripe.
B. She fund the fruit she ate was a tmat.
C. She had a gd knwledge f wild plants.
D. The amunt f the berries she cnsumed was large.
10. Accrding t the descriptin,what plants can be mst harmful t peple?
A. Carlina hrsenettle and wild parsnip.
B. Virginia creeper and creeping buttercup.
C. Wild parsnip and Canadian mnseed.
D. Canadian mnseed and Virginia creeper.
11. What may be the suitable measure if smene mistakenly swallws a pisnus plant?
A. Spitting it ut as quickly as pssible.
B. Making an appintment with their dctr.
C. Getting in tuch with the lcal authrity instantly.
D. Searching fr the relevant infrmatin n the Internet.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了误食有毒植物的风险及可能混淆的植物。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Actr Alicia Silverstne wrried fans n scial media recently.While n a trip t England, she psted a TikTk vide f herself tasting a kind f pisnus berries she fund alng a sidewalk. Silverstne, wh appeared in the 1995 mvie Clueless , said she thught the fruit was a tmat. But when she bit int it and fund that it had an unusual taste, she realized that it was nt the cmmn fd.(演员艾丽西亚·西尔弗斯通最近在社交媒体上让粉丝们感到担忧。在英国旅行期间，她发布了一段TikTk视频，视频中她品尝了在人行道上发现的一种有毒浆果。Silverstne曾出演1995年的电影《独领风骚》，她说她认为这种水果是番茄。但当她咬了一口，发现它有一种不同寻常的味道时，她意识到这不是普通的食物)”以及第二段“Plant expert, Jessica Damian, recently wrte abut pisnus plants that lk like cmmn fds fr the Assciated Press. She said the fruit that lked like a tmat appears t have been a Jerusalem cherry.(植物专家Jessica Damian最近为美联社写了一篇关于看起来像普通食物的有毒植物的文章。她说，看起来像番茄的水果似乎是耶路撒冷樱桃)”可推知，第一段介绍了Silverstne与毒莓的事件，旨在引入文章主题，即谈论有毒植物与看似无害植物的相似性。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Silverstne was lucky because she did nt swallw the berries. She was als lucky because the berries were reddish range, which meant they were ripe. While all parts f the Jerusalem cherry are pisnus, the plant’s unripe berries can be especially dangerus.(Silverstne很幸运，因为她没有吞下那些浆果。她也很幸运，因为那些浆果是红橙色的，这意味着它们已经成熟了。虽然夹竹桃的所有部分都有毒，但这种植物的未成熟浆果尤其危险)”可知，Silverstne幸运是因为浆果已经成熟，所以毒性就变小了。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“The pisnus Carlina hrsenettle fruit als lks like a tmat. It is als knwn as devil’s ptat t add t the cnfusin.The Virginia creeper fruit als lks like blueberries, and it can be deadly if eaten.Wild parsnip has flwers like a carrt and leaves like parsley (欧芹). Simply tuching it can cause a skin prblem.Creeping buttercup lks like flat-leaf parsley. It can cause severe stmach pain,vmiting (呕吐) and heart prblems. And Canadian mnseed can be cnfused with wild grape. Hwever, its taste is s bitter that yu wuld likely spit it ut befre swallwing it. This is a gd thing because eating it can lead t death.(有毒的卡罗莱纳马铃薯茄果实看起来像番茄。它也被称作魔鬼土豆，增加了辨认的难度。弗吉尼亚爬山虎的果实看起来像蓝莓，如果食用的话可能是致命的。野生欧防风有像胡萝卜的花和像欧芹的叶子。仅仅是接触它就会引起皮肤问题。匍匐黄水仙看起来像扁叶欧芹。它会引起剧烈的胃痛、呕吐和心脏问题。加拿大月籽藤容易被误认为是野生葡萄。然而，它的味道非常苦，你会在吞咽之前把它吐出来。这是件好事，因为食用它会导致死亡)”可知，弗吉尼亚爬山虎和加拿大月籽藤都有可能致命。由此可推知，这两种植物会对人类造成最大的伤害。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If yu think yu have swallwed a txic plant by mistake, cntact a pisn cntrl center in yur area r yur dctr immediately. There is additinal infrmatin n the website pisn.rg(如果你认为自己误吞了有毒植物，请立即联系你所在地区的毒物控制中心或医生。网站pisn.rg上有更多信息)”可知，如果有人误吞有毒植物，最适合的措施是立即联系当地权威机构。故选C。
D
Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life. When it cmes t playing games like chess, r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures, cmputers are well ahead f humans. But we have ne superpwer they aren’t clse t mastering: mind reading.
We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals, desires and beliefs f thers, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple's minds.
In psychlgy, the ability t infer anther’s mental state is referred t as thery f mind. In humans, this capacity develps at a very yung age. Hw t reprduce the capability in machines is far frm clear, thugh. One f the main challenges is cntext. Fr instance, if smene asks whether yu are ging fr a run and yu reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly cnclude the answer is n. But this requires huge amunts f backgrund knwledge abut running, weather and human preferences.
Besides, whether humans r AI, the thery f mind is suppsed t emerge naturally frm ne’s wn learning prcess. Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.
But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind. Humans can clearly explain their gals t each ther using cmmn language and ideas. While letting AI frm the thery f mind in their learning prcess is likely t lead t develping mre pwerful AI, plainly building in shared ways t represent knwledge may be crucial fr humans t trust and cmmunicate with AI.
It is imprtant t remember, thugh, that the pursuit f machines with thery f mind is abut mre than just building mre useful rbts. It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen. But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents, we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.
12. Accrding t the passage,which f the fllwing cntexts can AI understand well?
A. When asked where an bject is, a naughty kid pints in the wrng directin.
B. When a teacher asks fr a by’s hmewrk, he answers “my dg ate it” .
C. When yu are treated with a htpt fr dinner, yu reply “a sre thrat” .
D. When a mm tells her kid milk is gd fr health, the kid drinks it up.
13. Which statement will the authr agree with mst abut thery f mind?
A. Humans’ thery f mind is far frm perfect.
B. Humans limit AI’s thery f mind t an extent.
C. AI’s thery f mind develpment has been ttally decded.
D. Shared frms f thery f mind result in mre pwerful AI.
14. What is the authr’s attitude tward truly self-aware machines?
A. AmbiguusB. Cnservative.
C. Skeptical.D. Apprving.
15. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. AI’s Thery f Mind Will Define Our Future
B. AI with Its Own Thery f Mind Is Expected
C. AI’s Thery f Mind — a Blessing r Suffering t Humans
D. Thery f Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI在心智理论发展中的挑战及其对人类沟通信任的影响。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“We are blessed with a mysterius ability t reasn the gals,desires and beliefs f thers,a crucial skill that means we can anticipate ther peple’s actins and the cnsequences f ur wn. If AIs are t becme truly useful in everyday life — t cperate effectively with us r t understand that a child might run int the rad after a buncing ball — we have t give them this gift that evlutin has given us t read ther peple’s minds.(我们拥有着一种神秘的能力，可以推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念，这是一种至关重要的技能，使我们能够预判他人的行动以及我们自身行为的后果。如果要让人工智能在日常生活中真正发挥作用——与我们有效协作，或是理解孩子可能会因为追一个弹跳的球而跑到马路上——我们必须赋予它们这种通过进化赐予我们的、解读他人想法的能力)”可知，AI不具备人类推理出他人的目标、欲望和信念的能力。由此可推知，“当妈妈告诉孩子牛奶对健康有益时，孩子就把它喝光了”不涉及推理，AI可以轻松理解。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“Building prir knwledge int AI makes it reliant n ur imperfect understanding f thery f mind. In additin, AI may be capable f develping appraches we culd never imagine. There can be many frms f thery f mind that we dn’t knw abut simply because we live in a human bdy that has certain types f senses and a certain ability t think.(将先验知识植入人工智能会使它依赖于我们对心智理论这种不完美的理解。此外，人工智能或许能够发展出我们完全无法想象的方法。可能存在许多形式的心智理论，而我们之所以不了解它们，仅仅是因为我们生而为人，具有特定类型的感官和特定的思考能力)”可知，人类在一定程度上限制了AI的思维理论，作者最有可能同意这个观点。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But we might still want AI t have a mre human-like frm f thery f mind.(但我们可能仍然希望人工智能有一种更像人类的心理理论形式)”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents,we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深目标的垫脚石：建造真正具备自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会反思自我的道路上)”可推知，作者支持开发具有心智理论的AI， 期待建造真正有自我意识的机器。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a rle in ur life.When it cmes t playing games like chess,r slving difficult scientific challenges like predicting prtein structures,cmputers are well ahead f humans.But we have ne superpwer they aren't clse t mastering:mind reading.(超人级别的人工智能已经在我们的生活中发挥了作用。无论是下棋游戏，还是解决像预测蛋白质结构这样复杂的科学挑战，计算机的表现都远远超过了人类。但我们拥有一种它们尚未接近掌握的超能力：读心术)”以及最后一段的“It is als a stepping stne n the path twards a deeper gal fr AI and rbtics research: building truly self-aware machines.Whether we will ever get there remains t be seen.But alng the way thinking abut ther peple and ther agents,we are n the path t learning t think abut urselves.(这也是通往人工智能和机器人研究更深目标的垫脚石：建造真正具备自我意识的机器。我们是否能够最终达到这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，通过思考其他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会反思自我的道路上)可知，文章主要探讨了超人人工智能虽在特定任务上超越人类，但在“读心术”（理解他人意图）方面仍显不足，强调了为AI赋予类似人类的“心智理论”能力的重要性及其挑战。所以“人工智能有望拥有自己的心智理论”适合作本文的标题。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。
Ensuring that yur hme is as energy-efficient as it can pssibly be is essential. Take the steps listed belw,and yu'll be living in an energy-efficient hme in n time.
____16____ T stp it in its tracks,yu must invest in having yur huse insulated (隔热). Taking such actin may demand sme cst in advance, but it will be sure t save yu ver f100 a year when it cmes t yur energy bills.
The ld bilers (锅炉) are nt as energy-efficient as the very latest mdels in this field. ____17____ By investing in a tp f the line biler, yu'll n dubt tap int a number f savings. What's mre,making this kind f investment will als be sure t lwer yur hme's carbn emissins.
Only when yu knw hw much energy yu use can yu take actin t be less wasteful and mre resurceful in this instance. ____18____ T assist yu in taking n this extremely imprtant challenge yu might want t cnsider fitting an energy mnitr in yur hme. ____19____ But if yu're lucky,yur electricity prvider will give yu ne fr free.This mnitr will prvide yu and yur family with cnstant updates n the amunt f energy yu are using n a day-t-day basis.
With just a few years t g until climate change alters earth frever, nw is the time fr yu t play yur part in prtecting the planet that yu live in. ____20____
A. Generally, this type f device will cst between f25 and f40.
B. It means yu shuld try t keep track f energy cnsumptin.
C. The investment demanded in this case is f great significance.
D. By putting the abve advice int practice,yu'll be green sn.
E. Taking such actin will help yu adjust t climate change better.
F. Mst f yur hme's wasted energy will escape thrugh yur rf.
G. It might be high time t update yurs if yu haven't dne s fr years
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲怎样让家变得更加节能。
【16题详解】
由下文“T stp it in its tracks, yu must invest in having yur huse insulated(隔热的). (为了在它的路径上阻止它，你必须投资让房子隔热)”可知，这里指需要阻止房内热量外流。F项Mst f yur hme’s wasted energy will escape thrugh yur rf.(你家里浪费的大部分能源都会从屋顶逃逸出去)符合语境，下文it指代选项中的wasted energy。故选F项。
【17题详解】
由上文“The ld bilers (锅炉) are nt as energy-efficient as the very latest mdels in this field.(在这个领域，旧锅炉的能效不如最新型号)”可知，旧锅炉更耗能，G项It might be high time t update yurs if yu haven’t dne s fr years.(如果你已经多年没有更新自己的锅炉，现在可能是时候了)符合语境，其中fr years与上文 ld 对应，yurs代指前文The ld bilers，所以本句有承上作用。故选G项。
【18题详解】
由上文“Only when yu knw hw much energy yu use can yu take actin t be less wasteful and mre resurceful in this instance. (只有当你知道自己消耗了多少能量时，你才能采取行动，减少浪费，在这种情况下更加随机应变的。)”可知，这里讲要了解自己用了多少能量。B项It means yu shuld try t keep track f energy cnsumptin.(这意味着你应该努力跟踪能源消耗情况)符合语境，其中 keep track f energy cnsumptin与上文knw hw much energy yu use 对应。有承上作用。故选B项。
【19题详解】
由下文“But if yu’re lucky, yur electricity prvider will give yu ne fr free. This mnitr will prvide yu and yur family with cnstant updates n the amunt f energy yu are using n a day-t-day basis.(但如果你幸运的话，你的电力供应商会免费给你一台。这款监控器将为你和你的家人提供日常能源消耗量的持续更新)”推知，空处指出监控的价格不是特别便宜，但如果运气好的话，电力供应商会免费提供。A项Generally, this type f device will cst between £25 and £40.(一般来说，这种设备的价格在25到40英镑之间)符合语境，其中 £25 and £40与下文fr free对应，都在讲花费在这设备上钱的问题，所以本句有启下作用。故选A项。
【20题详解】
由上文“With just twelve years (nw seven years) t g until climate change alters earth frever, nw is the time fr yu t play yur part in prtecting the planet that yu live in. (离气候变化永远改变地球只有12年(现在是7年)了，现在是时候让你为保护你所居住的星球发挥你的作用了)”可知，作者号召读者保护地球，D项By putting the abve advice int practice, yu’ll be green sn.(把以上建议付诸实践，你很快就会变得更环保)符合语境，其中 the abve advice指上面的建议，对上文有总结作用。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Nt lng int my career in jurnalism,I realized I was in need f sme slw, ____21____ adventure.The kind f fun that required little planning,zer stress and a lt f time. The kind f time yu ften didn't get in a ____22____.
And that's when I ____23____ a secret.Washingtn,D.C.,the city where I live,is full f hidden fssils.In my verstimulated life,I began t____24____ fssils.Many f the lcal sites are within 80 miles suth f the capital alng the Ptmac River,s fssil hunting____25____ remves me frm the city.It is a visual game,requiring ____26____ and fcus. Sptting recgnizable shapes in the wild is like thinking ver a brken ____27____ in the sediment(沉积物).Is it a tth,a bne r a shell?I'm lking fr the ____28____ end pieces.Thankfully,my____29____ phne service in these places hlds back the rest f the wrld while I'm finding anther ne.And I knw the fssils aren't demanding my _______30_______ attentin because they have nthing but time.
Once,I tk a bttle-cap-sized trilbite(三叶虫)fssil int the newsrm and placed it within my sight.It was smething I wanted t_______31_______ thrughut the day. Turning ver that piece f rck is a way t _______32_______ me utside fr a mment and t a time befre humans arrived and_______33_______ cities n tp f thse lands.
Thinking abut gelgical time makes me feel brief and remarkable,like the little trilbite.My wrried mind _________34_________.I realize a lt f stressful details dn't matter.My_______35_______ shifts.Maybe I dn't need t take that phne call right this minute.
21. A. dangerusB. lw-riskC. histricalD. rmantic
22. A. huseB. carC. newsrmD. schl
23. A. revealedB. hidC. guardedD. discvered
24. A. seekB. searchC. purchaseD. mdify
25. A. graduallyB. physicallyC. eventuallyD. typically
26. A. patienceB. strengthC. trainingD. curage
27. A. dreamB. imageC. resurceD. puzzle
28. A. bviusB. expensiveC. rareD. impressive
29. A. preciusB. cnventinalC. prD. clear
30. A. schlarlyB. publicC. extraD. immediate
31. A. avidB. nticeC. intrduceD. display
32. A. tuchB. hldC. seizeD. transprt
33. A. builtB. explredC. cnqueredD. fund
34. A. takes ffB. settles dwnC. ges blankD. runs ut
35. A. standpintB. questinC. standardD. task
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者寻找化石时发生的事情以及作者的心理变化。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我的新闻职业生涯开始不久，我意识到我需要一些缓慢、低风险的冒险。A. dangerus危险的；B. lw-risk低风险的；C. histrical历史的；D. rmantic浪漫的。根据上文中的“ slw”，可知，探寻化石之旅重要的是让作者的内心得到平静，所以需要低风险的冒险。故选B。
22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：那种你经常不在新闻编辑室里得到的时间。A. huse房屋；B. car汽车；C. newsrm新闻编辑室；D. schl学校。根据上文的jurnalism以及第三段第一句“Once,I tk a bttle-cap-sized trilbite(三叶虫)fssil int the newsrm and placed it within my sight.”中的newsrm可知，此处指的是新闻编辑室。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时我发现了一个秘密。A. revealed显示；B. hid隐藏；C. guarded守卫；D. discvered发现。根据下句“Washingtn,D.C.,the city where I live,is full f hidden fssils.”可知，作者“发现”了华盛顿到处都隐藏了化石这个秘密。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我被过度刺激的生活中，我开始寻找化石。A. seek寻找；B. search搜索；C. purchase购买；D. mdify修改。根据下文的“fssil hunting”、“lking fr”可知，作者开始了“寻找”化石之旅。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：许多当地的遗址都在首都波多马克河以南80英里以内，所以寻找化石逐渐使我离开了这座城市。A. gradually逐渐地；B. physically身体地；C. eventually最终；D. typically典型地。根据上文“Many f the lcal sites are within 80 miles suth f the capital alng the Ptmac River,s fssil hunting____5____ remves me frm the city.”可知化石遗址离城市较远，所以需要作者离开城市去寻找。physically表示身上地，表示作者亲自去寻找那些化石。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一款视觉游戏，需要耐心和专注。A. patience耐心；B. strength力量；C. training训练；D. curage勇气。根据下文的“like thinking ver...”可知，在寻找化石的过程需要反复思考，需要“耐心”和专注。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在野外发现可识别的形状就像在沉积物中思考一个破碎的拼图。A. dream梦想；B. image图像；C. resurce资源；D. puzzle拼图，智力游戏。本句是个比喻句，把在野外发现可识别的化石形状比喻成像是……,只有puzzle“拼图”符合语境，意为“拼图”,……像是对着在泥沙中的残缺拼图冥思苦想一样。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在寻找稀有的最后一块。A. bvius显然的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. rare罕见的；D. impressive令人印象深刻的。根据上文“Sptting recgnizable shapes in the wild is like thinking ver a brken ____7____ in the sediment(沉积物)”可推知寻找化石的过程比较费力、耗时，由此推知，这些化石比较“稀有”。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，当我正在寻找另一个化石时，我在这些地方糟糕的电话服务阻碍了我与世界其他地方的联系。A. precius珍贵的；B. cnventinal传统的，惯例的；C. pr差的；D. clear清楚的。根据下文的“hlds back the rest f the wrld”可知，手机的信号“不好”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道这些化石不需要我立即关注，因为它们有的是时间。A. schlarly学术性的，学者的；B. public 公共的；C. extra额外的；D. immediate立刻的。根据下文的“they have nthing but time”可知，化石有的是时间等待作者来找到它们，所以它们不需要作者“立即的”关注。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我一整天都想注意到的事情。A. avid避免；B. ntice 注意；C. intrduce介绍，引进；D. display展示。根据上文的“and placed it within my sight”可知，这块化石是作者整天想“关注”的事物。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻看那块石头让我思绪飞扬，回到人类到达并在这些土地上建造城市之前的时代。A. tuch触碰；B. hld拿着；C. seize抓住；D. transprt运输。根据空后“me utside fr a mment and t a time befre humans arrived and__13___ cities n tp f thse lands. ”可知，翻看那块化石让作者回到人类到达并在这些土地上建造城市之前的时代，因此让他的思绪飞扬。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻看那块石头是一种把我带到外面片刻的方式，回到人类到达并在这些土地上建造城市之前的时代。A. built建造；B. explred探索；C. cnquered占领；D. fund发现。根据原文“t a time befre humans arrived and_____13_____ cities n tp f thse lands.”可知，翻看化石能让作者回到人类到达并在那些土地上建造城市之前的时光。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我那忧虑的头脑安定下来了。A. takes ff脱下，起飞；B. settles dwn平静下来；C. ges blank变得空白；D. runs ut用完。根据下文“I realize a lt f stressful details dn't matter.”可知，作者意识到很多令人倍感压力的细节并不重要，他担忧的心“平静了下来”。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的观点发生了变化。也许我现在不需要接那个电话了。A. standpint立场，观点；B. questin问题；C. standard标准；D. task任务。根据“I realize a lt f stressful details dn’t matter.”及“Maybe I dn’t need t take that phne call right this minute.”可知，此刻作者的“观点”发生了变化。故选A。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lngmen Hydrlgical Statin,which has a histry f 90 years since its establishment in 1934,is the nly hydrlgical statin____36____ (lcate)n the cliffs f the Yellw River.Prviding hydrlgical infrmatin and data fr varius tasks,such as fld cntrl,drught relief,disaster____37____ (reduce),reservir peratin,water resurces allcatin management and water cnservancy prject cnstructin, ____38____ is a key natinal level hydrlgical statin.The hanging crane bx n the cable path acrss the Yellw River is the nly way ____39____ (access)the statin.
As ppsed ____40____ the traditinal measurements such as testing the flws with a wden bat,the current measurements are quite high-tech.The newly-used water level identificatin system can nt nly btain the fluctuating water level infrmatin timely, but als generate it int data ____41____ (autmatic).
With an average age f 28,the staff ____42____ (wrk)at the statin tday are yunger than thse in previus years.In September 2019,eclgical prtectin and high-quality develpment in the Yellw River basin were made ____43____ majr natinal strategy.
Thrughut the whle Yellw River basin,145 hydrlgical statins ____44____ (distribute)alng the watercurse.Mre than 2,000 hydrlgists are giving full play t the rle f “eyes and ears” _____45_____ guarding the Yellw River with respnsibility and hard wrk.
【答案】36. lcated
37. reductin
38. it 39. t access
40. t 41. autmatically
42. wrking
43. a 44. are distributed
45. and
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了龙门水文站历史、作用以及现在采取的技术。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：龙门水文站建于1934年，是黄河绝壁上唯一的水文站，至今已有90年的历史。空出为非谓语动词，lcate与the nly hydrlgical statin为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。 故填lcated。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：为防洪、抗旱、减灾、水库运行、水资源配置管理、水利工程建设等各项任务提供水文信息和数据，是国家级重点水文站。名词reductin作宾语。故填reductin。
【38题详解】
考查代词。句意：为防洪、抗旱、减灾、水库运行、水资源配置管理、水利工程建设等各项任务提供水文信息和数据，是国家级重点水文站。空出做主语，用it指代 Lngmen Hydrlgical Statin。故填it。
【39题详解】
考查不定式。句意：横跨黄河的索道上的吊车箱是进入车站的必经之路。way t d sth做某事的方法，动词不定式作后置定语。故填t access。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：与用木船测试水流等传统测量方法不同，目前的测量方法相当高科技。as appsed t相反，为固定短语。 故填t。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：新采用的水位识别系统不仅能及时获取波动水位信息，而且能自动生成数据。副词autmatically做状语修饰动词。故填autmatically。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：如今在车站工作的员工平均年龄为28岁，比往年要年轻。空处为非谓语动词，the staff与wrk为主动关系，用现在分词作定语。故填wrking。
【43题详解】
考查冠词。句意：2019年9月，黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展被确定为国家一个重大战略。泛指“一个重大战略”，且majr首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：整个黄河流域沿河道分布着145个水文站。陈述事实，为一般现在时，主语145 hydrlgical statins与谓语distribute为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填are distributed。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：2000多名水文学家正在充分发挥“耳目”作用，用责任和辛勤守护黄河。前后句为并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华, 你的英国笔友Mike所在的学校将开设汉语选修课。他来信咨询如何布置一间教室来营造良好的汉语学习氛围。请给他回信，提出建议并说明理由。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mike,
Greetings frm China!
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文
Dear Mike，
Greetings frm China! Hearing that the Chinese language will be an ptinal curse in yur schl, I’m writing delightedly t gave sme practical advice n the decratin f yur classrm.
I think it wuld be a gd idea t put up sme unique traditinal Chinese elements like paper-cuts and calligraphy wrks. Nt nly can they make the classrm mre attractive, but they als carry rich Chinese cultural and histrical infrmatin. Furthermre, yu can put a bk shelf at the back f the classrm, where students can get easy access t the Chinese language.
I firmly believe that if yu decrate the classrm that way, it will surely create an amazing Chinese learning atmsphere.
Best wishes!
Yurs sincerely.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Mike写一封回信，告诉他关于如何布置一间教室来营造良好的汉语学习氛围的建议并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴地：delightedly →jyfully
建议：advice →suggestin
吸引人的：attractive →appealing
此外：furthermre →what’s mre
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Hearing that the Chinese language will be an ptinal curse in yur schl, I’m writing delightedly t gave sme practical advice n the decratin f yur classrm
拓展句：Because I hear that the Chinese language will be an ptinal curse in yur schl, I’m writing delightedly t gave sme practical advice n the decratin f yur classrm
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nt nly can they make the classrm mre attractive, but they als carry rich Chinese cultural and histrical infrmatin.（运用了倒装句）
【高分句型2】Furthermre, yu can put a bk shelf at the back f the classrm, where students can get easy access t the Chinese language.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh n. Cach Cafferty just said my name. Fr that event. The tw-hundred-metre breaststrke (蛙泳) fr the cming meet! Nt the backstrke (仰泳) I had wished and practiced fr s lng!
Beads f sweat ppped ut ver my upper lip. Mrgan pressed her elbw int my side, trying t ffer me mral supprt. But it didn’t help. My stmach sank t my knees like a brick in water. Mrgan tried t cnvince me it wuld be fine. “Maybe Cach has mre cnfidence in yu than yu think. Or maybe Cach Cafferty just want t give the rest a laugh when I sink t the bttm f the pl,” I thught desperately. I walked twards Cach Cafferty and tld her abut my inability and my desire t quit this event. She frwned and asked if it was what I really wanted.
I hesitated. Placing her hand n my shulder, she started smiling and encuraged me t push myself utside f my cmfrt zne.
The first practice was a disaster. I lst rhythm n my strkes. I messed up my turns. I even had t stp and catch my breath a few times. I felt everyne was laughing at me and my stmach twisted. Hw culd I make it within just tw weeks? But nce I dragged myself ut f the water, exhausted and frustrated, Cach Cafferty thumbed up t me, saying I did really well and just needed mre cnfidence in myself and mre time t practice.
On the way back hme, Mrgan cmfrted me, “Dear, just ignre thers. Race against yurself. Cunt yur wn strkes. Prve t yurself that yu can d it.” With these wrds said t me almst every day, befre r after each practice, smething gradually changed: bth hw I swam the breaststrke and hw I felt abut the event as well as myself.
The meet finally came. I arrived at the pl hall, still a little bit wrried. As each event clicked clser t mine, my knees shk. I bit my lip and lked ut ver the ther swimmers. Mrgan leaned frward. “Just swim yur race. Remember, yu can!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Then the tw-hundred-milestne breaststrke was annunced.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
There was nly 50 meters t g.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
Then the tw-hundred-milestne breaststrke was annunced. I culd feel my heart was beating faster and faster. As the signal was released, I jumped int the water and swam with my whle strength. Withut secnd thughts in my mind, I was absrbed in this as if this was the nly thing I need t d in the wrld. Mrgan’s encuraging wrds appeared and I started t believe in myself.
Paragraph 2:
There was nly 50 meters t g. I seemed almst t be reaching my limit. I even culd feel a cramp in my calf. Althugh there were the mental and physical discmfrt, I was determined t finish the race. I didn’t want t let my cach and Mrgan dwn. Finally, I came t the finish line. I felt bth tired and a sense f achievement. T my surprise, I wn the secnd prize.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者要参加蛙泳比赛，非常担心，教练和朋友一直安慰鼓励作者，最终作者取得了好成绩。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“200米蛙泳宣布要开始了”可知，第一段可描写作者比赛的经过和心理活动。
②由第二段首句内容“只剩下50米了”可知，第二段可描写作者完成比赛，取得了第好成绩。
2.续写线索：比赛开始——投入比赛——想要放弃——继续坚持——完成比赛——获奖
3.词汇激活
行为类
①释放，发出：release/ deliver
②完成：finish /cmplete
③失望：let sb. dwn/disappint sb.
情绪类
①决心：determine / reslute
②鼓励的：encuraging / supprting
【点睛】[高分句型1] As the signal was released, I jumped int the water and swam with my whle strength. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] Althugh there were the mental and physical discmfrt, I was determined t finish the race. (运用了althugh引导让步状语从句)