上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学测试英语试题

这是一份上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学测试英语试题，共9页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
felt very relaxed. B.She always travels by air.
C.She arrived early in the afternn. D.She thught the flight was t lng.
2.A. When d yu usually g t bed?
B.Hw ften d yu eat take-aways?
C. What wuld yu like t have, beef r chicken?
D.Are yu travelling by car r using public transprt?
B.Fur. C.Five. D.Six.
he lves cke. B.Because he is n a diet.
C.Because he has t drive. D. Because he desn't like wine.
5.A. Yu shuld wear training shes at all time.
B. Yu are nt allwed t use all the equipment.
C. Yu have t learn t use all the equipment first.
D. Yu sbuld g there between 7:00 am and 11:30 pm.
6. A. It is nt easy t find her new flat. B.She wants t make friends with him.
C.If the man gets lst he can call her fr help. D.The man has a very pr sense f directin.
thinks her sister is very gd.
B.She thinks her sister spends t much mney.
C.She is prud since her sister studies in a very famus cllege.
D.She is jealus because their father gives her sister mre mney.
8 A.500. B.98,542. D.98,000.
utside the car. B. Dn't get t clse t the car.
C. Park the car n the hard shulder. D.Get ut f there befre it gets dark.
TO.A. He needs t pen a new accunt.
B.The field trip is put ff until next year.
C.He is waiting fr sme equipment t arrive.
D.Smene in his grup has gt int sme truble.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin. The shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
B.3. C.4. D.5.
can liven up the classrm atmsphere.
B.Humr can help put peple at ease and create harmny.
C. Humr is highly valued nly in English-speaking cuntries.
D.Jkes are s cmmn that dctrs and teachers lve t tell them.13 A. After the hur-lng sessin, the wman didn't make any prgress.
B.The psychiatrist agreed t mve his cuch t the ther side f the rm against the wall.
C.Because the wman was s bssy, the rles f psychiatrist and patient were reversed.
D.The wman planned t cnvince the psychiatrist in an hur, but it tk nly fifty minutes.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14.A. T tell everything yu remember abut a bk, mvie, r lecture t yur listener.
B.T share yur newfund knwledge with yur friends, classmates r rmmates.
C. T select the majr pints r highlights f a bk, mvie, r lecture and tell these t yur listener.
D. T keep in mind any clues yur teacher has given yu t Indicate what he r she cnsiders imprtant.
15. A. Fcus n ne part and describe it in detail.
B. Dn't give away the ending in my summary.
C. Make my summary extremely cmplete as well as accurate.
D.Organize my thughts carefully and make my summary as brief as pssible.
16.A. Outline and paraphrase what I've seen.
B. Describe just ne scene in detail and even skip the ending.
C. Remember ever /thing f the mvie and tell them t my friend.
D.Watch carefully fr the main pints and highlights and take ntes.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
new ffice is t small.
B.He hates t unwrap all the bxes.
C. He needs a printer right nw t print ut sme charts.
D.He desn't knw hw t cnnect the printer t the netwrk.
wrapped in plastic. B.On Tiffany's desk.
C.T the left f Greg's desk. D.On the shelf at the ending f the crridr.
19.A. Under the printer. B.On the shelf, under the clck.
C.In the bx which says “Printing”. D.In the bttm drawer f Ray's desk.
printer is ut f paper.
B. Sme ffice equipment is still wrapped in plastic.
C.Sme ffice equipment isn't cnnected t the netwrk yet.
D.There's nly pwer cables and ink cartridges in the “Printing" bx
II. Grammar (10分）
Culd yur dg be prne t a fatal disease? Is yur new shelter pup part beagle r bxer? Many pet wners seek answers t these questins, and as a result, direct-t-cnsumer dg DNA testing is bming.
Human 21) (interfere) with dg DNA has lng been the driving factr behind dgs' breed diversity -r lack theref. But a dg＇s DNA can als be used t cnfirm their lineage（血统）r identify their breed，a helpful methd fr pet wners n the lkut fr breed-specific health r behaviral challenges r thse lking t cnfirm their dg really 22) (have) the heritage claimed by a breeder r seller.During DNA analysis, labs sequence the dg's DNA and lk fr similarities with a dataset f identified dg breeds.
But breed identificatin isn't as simple as it might seem. In a study published in the Jurnal f the American Veterinary Medical Assciatin last mnth, scientists lked, int the accuracy f breed predictin in cmmercially available DNA tests that required a pht f the dg 23) its DNA sample. The results were mixed, says Casey Greene, a prfessr wh c-authred the study.
"Mst tests culd accurately distinguish the breed f purebred dgs," says Greene. But the analysis suggested that sme testing cmpanies 24) rely n the pht mre than the dg's actual genetics—and revealed big differences between cmpanies' business practices and the genetic datasets 25) use t determine dg breeds.
The researchers submitted phts and DNA f 12 purebred dgs t 26) ttal f six cmmercial canine （犬的）ancestry identificatin services. Since each pup was purebred and pssessed extensive American Kennel Club paperwrk,the researchers knew their breed cnclusively-but in sme cases they prvided a pht f a different dg t see 27)the pht influenced the DNA results.One f the cmpanies misidentified a purebred Chinese crested dg—almst entirely hairless—28) a lng-haired Brittany spaniel, seemingly based n the pht alne. The ther five did identify the registered breed crrectly, but ften gave different predictins fr ther “ancestr" breeds in dgs
29) DNA suggested mixed breeding in prir generatins. The researchers cncluded that veterinarians and pet wners alike shuld "apprach direct-t-cnsumer tests with cautin" given the lack f industry standardizatin and at least ne cmpany's reliance n phtgraphs 30) DNA analysis.
Vcabulary (10%)
Rbert F. Kennedy nce said that a cuntry's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life wrthwhile." After Britain vted t leave the Eurpean Unin, and GDP was already predicted t slw as a result, it is nw a timely mment t 31 what he was referring t.
The questin f GDP and its usefulness has annyed plicymakers fr ver half a century. Many argue that it is a(n) cncept. It measures things that d nt matter and misses things that d. By mst recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the 33 f the Western wrld, with recrd lw unemplyment and high grwth figures. If everything was ging s well, then why did ver 17 millin peple vte fr Brexit,despite the 34 abut what it culd d t their cuntry's ecnmic prspects?
A recent annual study f cuntries and their ability t 35 grwth int well-being sheds sme light n that questin. Acrss the 163cuntries measured, the UK is ne f the prest perfrmers in ensuring that ecnmic grwth 36 int meaningful imprvements fr its citizens. Rather than merely fcusing n GDP, ver 40 different sets f criteria frm health, educatin and civil sciety engagement have been measured t get a mre 37 assessment f hw cuntries are perfrming.
Since the 2008 glbal crash, in key indicatrs tn areas such as health and educatin, majr ecnmies have cntinued t decline. Yet this isn't the case with all cuntries. Sme relatively pr Eurpean cuntries have witnessed huge imprvement acrss 38 including civil sciety, incme equality and envirnment.
This is a lessn that rich cuntries can take: When GDP is n lnger regarded as the sle measure f a cuntry's success, the wrld lks very different.
S what Kennedy was referring t was that while GDP has been a 39 methd fr measuring the ecnmic activity f natins, as a measure, it is n lnger enugh. It des nt include imprtant factrs such as envirnmental quality r educatin utcmes—all things that cntribute t a persn's sense f well-being.
The sharp hit t grwth predicted arund the wrld and in the UK culd lead t a decline in the everyday services we depend n fr ur well-being and fr grwth. But plicymakers wh refcus effrts n imprving well-being rather than simply wrrying GDP figures culd avid the 40 dm and may even see prgress.A assess B.cnventinal C.envy D flawed E.frecast F.cnvert
G.measures H.translates 1.runded J explits 1.warnings
III. Reading Cmprehensin （45%）
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Mst f us knw smene wh is always late-a persn wh seems t have a chrnic blind spt when it cmes t timekeeping. It can becme a surce f jkey banter（无恶您的玩笑）amng friends，but n anther cntext it can have serius and stressful 41) frm being late fr wrk meetings t missing flights and dctrs' appintments.
There culd be varius reasns why yu're 42) late. First, yu culd just be really relaxed. This might be linked t the way yu were 43) ---perhaps yu inherited yur parents' relaxed attitude t timekeeping. I might have smething t d with yur 44) heritage, t. Fr instance, there's evidence that peple in sme cuntries, such as Brazil, tend t be much less 45) than thse in America, fr example.
Zming in n sme specific psychlgical prcesses, yu culd be what sme psychlgists call a 'time 46) "---that is, yu tend t underestimate hw lng things will take. A related issue is prcrastinatin. Getting t places n time means being able t stp what yu're ding and prepare t 47) .Being a prcrastinatr might affect yur ability t d that in a timely fashin.
Anther 48) reasn that culd cntribute t yur prblem, at least in sme cntexts,is 49)with particular rutes---the walk t yur lcal bus stp, fr example, r acrss campus frm yur halls f residence t a lecture theatre. A fascinating study by psychlgists at the University f Califrnia and University Cllege Lndn fund that we tend t 50) the time it will take us t traverse（横越）highly familiar physical spaces.
One final causal factr t cnsider is whether yu are 51) t arrive early. Of curse, it's very difficult t plan t arrive anywhere exactly n time, s being punctual usually means being early.Yu might nt even 52) it at a cnscius level, but perhaps yu hate waiting arund.
If these reasns 53) yu can begin t address them. One simple, pwerful step yu can take is t make a firm 54) nt t just be n time, but t be early. Get int the habit f breaking dwn,in realistic detail,hw lng it'll take t get t where yu need t be, then add n a generus buffer--say,15minutes. (The lnger the jurney, the lnger yu shuld make the buffer.) If yu lathe the idea f 55) think abut hw yu'll spend all this extra waiting time---catch up with text messages,play nline chess r get stuck int a language-learning app, fr example.
B.experiences C.assciatins D.scenaris
B.rutinely C.preferably D.ritually
B.accepted C.raised D.trained
44.A glbal B.cultural C.envirnmental D natural
B.diligent C.patient D.tense
B.prfessinal C.wanderer D.ptimist
B.verturn C.depart D.depsit
B.prfessinal C.particular D.mental
B.unifrmity C. verfamiliarity D.similarity
B.verlk C.underestimate D.verstate
B.reluctant C.determined D.thrilled
B.detect C.justify D.neglect
B.ccur C.accumulate D.exist
B.cmmitment C.statement D.transitin
55,A.catching up B.hlding ut C.meeting up D.hanging arundSectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B,C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
If it ain't brke, dn't fix it. The time-tested prverb appears t be the lessn frm Cca-Cla's disastrus intrductin f "New Cke.”
Althugh Cca-Cla remained the wrld's best-selling sft drink, Pepsi-Cla cntinued t gain market share in the 1970s, thanks in part t its aggressive "Pepsi Challenge" campaign where cnsumers taking blind taste tests were surprised t learn they preferred the flavr f Pepsi. Cmpany executives grew cnvinced that its sda's taste-nt its rival's advertisements targeting the "Pepsi Generatin"-was the reasn fr its declining market share.
On April 23,1985,Cca-Cla Cmpany chairman Rbert Gizueta annunced t the press that a new frmula was t be intrduced, which he declared t be “a mre harmnius flavr." The press, hwever, said New Cke tasted sweeter and mre like Pepsi. With it, Cca-Cla discntinued its 99-year classic recipe and lcked it away in an Atlanta bank vault with the intentin that it never again see the light f day.
While Gizueta tasted "his surest mve ever made" with New Cke, it left a bitter taste in the muths f the cmpany's lyal custmers. Within weeks f the annuncement, the cmpany was fielding 5,000 angry phne calls a day. “I dn't think I'd be mre upset if yu were t burn the flag in ur frnt yard," ne disgruntled drinker wrte t cmpany headquarters. At prtests staged by grassrts grups, cnsumers pured the New Cke int sewer drains.
The utrage caught Cca-Cla executives by surprise. They had hardly made a careless decisin unsupprted by data. After all, they had perfrmed 190,000 blind taste tests n cnsumers. The prblem,thugh,is that the cmpany had underestimated lyal drinkers' emtinal attachments t the brand. Never did its testers ask subjects hw they wuld feel if the new frmula replaced the ld ne.
Seventy-nine days later, Cca-Cla executives nce again held a press cnference t annunce the retumn f the riginal frmula, which hardly had time t gather dust in the vault, under the label “Cca-Cla Classic." “Our bss is the cnsumer,” Gizueta admitted.
Cca-Cla Classic quickly utsld New Cke and within a few mnths had returned t its psitin as the tp-selling cla, ahead f Pepsi.In spite f the blwback, Cca-Cla emerged frm the defeat with its market psitin actually strengthened as cnsumers rediscvered their attachment t the icnic brand.
"The simple fact is that all the time and mney and skill heavily pured int cnsumer research n the new Cca-Cla culd nt measure the deep emtinal attachment t riginal Cca-Cla felt by s many peple," Gizueta admitted.
The mistake was s enrmus that sme thught it must have been an intentinal marketing trick."Sme say that we planned the whle thing," Gizueta said.“The truth is we're nt that dumb and we're n that smart."
56.What eventually led t Cca-Cla Cmpany's decisin t launch “New Cke"?
A.The cmpany was n the edge f ging financially brke.
B.The cmpany lst mst f its market share t its strng rival.
C.The executives believed the cmpany lst its edge in its prduct.
D.Its rival cmpany perfrmed better in advertising its prducts.
57.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 prbably means the lyal custmers
A.fund New Cke tasted bitter rather than sweeter as the press declared
B.felt cheated as New Cke failed t deliver a mre harmnius flavr
C. were dissatisfied and annyed with Cca-Cla Cmpany's decisin
D.were rather upset that they weren't invited t take the blind taste tests
58. What can be learned abut Cca-Cla Cmpany?
A. The management meant t temprarily shelve the ld frmula t prmte New Cke.
B.The management turned a blind eye t the results f the cmpany's blind taste tests.
C. It didn't take lyal Pepsi drinkers' emtinal attachment t the cla brand seriusly.
D.It made large investments in develping the new frmula t regain its frmer glry.
59.Which f the fllwing best summarizes the main idea f this passage?
A. Cca-Cla's disastrus attempt at rebranding CCke.
B.The century-ld war between Cca Cla and Pepsi.
C. A lessn n hw t maintain the custmer lyalty.
D.A successful marketing triek played by Cca Cla.
(B)
Max Flannel is back t grapple with yur wrkplace headaches.
Q1: Dear max, I am a 23-year-ld scial-media marketer wh has nly recently been required t return t the ffice. I had been tld that the ffice wuld be great fr having watercler cnversatins. My ffice desn't seem t have a watercler. What shuld I d?
Al: Nw yu ask, I'm nt really even sure what a watercler is. But the basic idea is t find a place where yu knw clleagues are bund t g regularly and where yu can engage in light cnversatin abut whether they saw anything gd n TV last night. My advice is t hang arund any tap and yu shuld meet clleagues fairly regularly.
Q2: I have just been prmted int a senir rle. I have nticed that many f my new peers like t pen meetings with small persnal anecdtes abut smething that happened t them that day-a minr cycling accident, say, r a chance encunter with an ld acquaintance.It seems t be a way f getting peple t relax a bit. The truble is that nthing interesting ever seems t happen t me. What shuld I d?
A2: I wuldn't wrry t much. Thse stries are mstly made-up and all deliberately bring. N executive ever pens a meeting talking abut hw they wke up in their wn clthes but in a ttal stranger's apartment. The gal is nly t put peple at their ease by making the speaker seem faintly human.Just say exactly what yu put in yur message abve and then make yur face g a bit vulnerable. That shuld d the trick.
Q3: I can never time my interjectins crrectly. If I try t judge when a speaker is abut t stp talking, I either break in t early and end up aplgizing fr interrupting, r am a beat t slw and smene else grabs the flr. D yu have any tips?
A3:There are nly three ways t handle this cmmn prblem. One is t start s ludly that everyne immediately gives way. Yu may cme up against a fellw-shuter and then it's just a battle f nerves: wh is ging t give way? The secnd is t raise yur hand and wait: yu’ll get yur turn eventually and be listened t. The third is t get prmted. If yu are senir enugh, it desn't matter hw ridiculus a pint yu are making;everyne gives way.Keep sending me yur prblems, and enjy the break!
60.Which f the fllwing will benefit mst frm the passage?
A.An experienced career adviser.
B.A graduate wh is eager t find a jb
C.A yung manager wh has just been prmted.
D.A CEO wh wants t expand his business abrad.
61. What des the underlined phrase "grab the flr"in Q3 prbably mean?
A.slve prblems vluntarily B.take the initiative t speak first
C.keep silence during a cnversatin D.deliberately interrupt thers' speech
62.Which f the fllwing statements might Max Flannel agree with mst?
A. It's harmful fr supervisrs t lk vulnerable in frnt f thers.
B. Yu dn't need a real watercler t have a watercler cnversatin.
C.Getting prmted is the best way t avid being interrupted at crprate meetings.
D. It's advisable t make up sme engaging stries abut yurself t increase yur ppularity.
(C)
States will be able t frce mre peple t pay sales tax when they make nline purchases under a Supreme Curt decisin Thursday that will leave shppers with lighter wallets but-is a big financial win fr states.
The Supreme Curt's pinin Thursday verruled a par f decades-ld decisins that states said cst them billins f dllars in lst revenue annually. The decisins made it mre difficult fr states t cllect sales tax n certain nline purchases.
The cases the curt verturned said that if a business was shipping a custmer's purchase t a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehuse r ffice, the business didn't have t cllect sales tax fr the state. Custmers were generally respnsible fr paying the sales tax t the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but mst didn't realize they wed it and few paid.
Justice Anthny Kennedy wrte that the previus decisins were flawed "Each year the physical presence rule becmes further remved frm ecnmic reality and results in significant revenue lsses t the States," he wrte in an pinin jined by fur ther justices. Kennedy wrte that the rule "limited States' ability t seek lng term prsperity and has prevented market participants frm cmpeting n an even playing field."
The ruling is a victry fr big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually cllect sales tax n nline purchases already. Nw, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't befre. Big chains have been cllecting sales tax natinwide because they typically have physical stres in whatever state a purchase is being shipped t. Amazn.cm, with its netwrk f warehuses, als cllects sales tax in every state that charges it, thugh third-party sellers wh use the site dn't have t.
Until nw, many sellers that have a physical presence in nly a single state r a few states have been able t avid charging sales taxes when they ship t addresses utside thse states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy,which prvide platfrms fr smaller sellers, als haven't been cllecting sales tax natinwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring ut-f-state sellers t cllect the state's sales tax frm custmers and send it t the state.
Retail trade grups praised the ruling,saying it levels the playing field fr lcal and nline businesses. The lsers,said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are nline-nly retailers, especially smaller nes. Thse retailers may face headaches cmplying with varius state sales tax laws.The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Cuncil advcacy grup said in a statement,“Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are nt well served at all by this decisin."
63. The Supreme Curt decisin Thursday will .
A. better businesses' relatins with states B. put mst nline businesses in a dilemma
C. make mre nline shppers pay sales tax D. frce sme states t cut sales tax
64. It can be learned frm paragraphs 2 and 3 that the verruled decisins .
A. have led t the dminance f e-cmmerce B. have cst cnsumers a lt ver the years
C. were widely criticized by nline purchasers D. were cnsidered unfavrable by states
65. Accrding t Justice Anthny Kennedy, the physical presence rule has .
A.hindered ecnmic develpment B.reserved prsperity t the cuntry
C.harmed fair market cmpetitin D.maintain grwth in states revenue
66 In dealing with the Supreme Curt decisin Thursday, the authr .
A.gives a factual accunt f it and discusses its cnsequences
B.describes the lng and cmplicated prcess f its making
C.presents its main pints with cnflicting views n them
D.cites sme cases related t it and analyzes their implicatins
Sectin C
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Black Friday: Frm Financial Crash t Shpping Carnival
The first recrded use f the term "Black Friday" was applied nt t hliday shpping but t financial crisis: specifically, the crash f the U.S. gld market n September 24, 1869. Tw Wall Street financiers wrked tgether t buy up as much as they culd f the natin's gld, hping t drive the price sky-high and sell it fr astnishing prfits.(67)
The mst cmmnly repeated stry behind the pst-Thanksgiving shpping-related Black Friday traditin links it t retailers. As the stry ges, after an entire year f perating at a lss, stres wuld suppsedly earn a prfit n the day after Thanksgiving,because hliday shppers spent s much mney n discunted gds. (68) Thugh it's true that retail cmpanies used t recrd lsses and prfits in different clurs, this versin f Black Friday's rigin is the fficially sanctined stry behind the traditin.
(69) Back in the 1950s, the plice in the city f Philadelphia used the term t describe the chas fllwing the day after Thanksgiving, when a large crwd f suburban shppers and turists flded int the city in advance f the big Army-Navy ftball game held n that Saturday every year.Shplifters wuld als take advantage f the chas, adding t the plice's headache.
By 1961,"Black Friday" had caught n,but retailers tried t find a way t reinterpret Black Friday and turd it int smething that reflected psitively, rather than negatively.(70) Stres acrss the cuntry decided t interpret the name as taking their accunt bks frm red t black, indicating that it was the day they mved ut f their debt. The Black Friday stry stuck, and pretty sn the term's darker rts in Philadelphia were largely frgtten.
IV.Summary Writing
Rck Climbing:Cnservatinists' New Cncern
With its first-ever appearance at the Olympics, sprt climbing, a nce minrity sprt, is nw set t reach new heights Yet the increasing ppularity f rck climbing and its sister sprt, buldering (where climbers scramble up large rcks withut the use f rpes r safety belts), is raising questins abut the damaging effects f climbing chalk-a cmmn and essential climbing tl.
Made frm magnesium carbnate（碳酸镁）， the chalk has als been used by gymnasts and weightlifters t imprve their ability t grip bars and weights (in these sprts, thugh, it's nt called climbing chalk). In fact, it was first intrduced t rck climbing in the 1950s by Jhn Gill, wh is cnsidered by many t be the father f mdern buldering. Since then, amateur and prfessinal climbers alike have cme t depend n the chalk's water-remving, frictin-increasing prperties and have been leaving lng stripes f the stuff n rck faces arund the wrld.
The resulting “chalk graffiti" has becme s bad in the United States that parks are beginning t restrict the use f this chalk. Utah's Arches Natinal Park nw nly allws the use f clred chalk that matches the clr f the area's rcks, while Clrad's Garden f the Gds Natinal Natural Landmark has banned all chalk and chalk substitutes.
Beynd visual pllutin, new research suggests that this chalk culd be causing harm t the plants that are fund grwing n these rcks. The latest study n the envirnmental effects f climbing chalk has fund that the substance is able t negatively impact bth the grwth and the survival f fur mss and fern（蕨类和苔藓）species that inhabit rcks-in labratry settings, at least. That matters because sme climbing spts, such as erratic bulders (the study's fcus), hst unique ecsystems.
It is nt even clear as t whether chalk has any effect at all ver ne's climbing perfrmance. Sme papers fund n additinal grip benefits, while thers fund the ppsite. Mst climbers tend t believe that it is helpful,says Daniel Hepenstrick, a c-authr f the study and a dctral candidate at ETH Zürich,ne f the leading internatinal universities in the natural sciences.
V.Translatin
延迟退休的新闻一出来就引发了社会热议。（The minute...）
创新人才的培养，事关民族自立，具有重大的战略意义。（cncern）
不要人云亦云，要深入了解这些社会现象，知其然，知其所以然。（instead）
4．由于准备不充分，项目中意外频发，旧的问题还未妥善解决，新问题又接踵而至。（befre）
VI.Guided Writing
已经毕业事业有成的学长将回到母校和毕业班同学进行交流，事先征集同学感兴趣的问题。请给他写一封邮件，邮件的内容需包括：1）向学长提两个问题 2）提这些问题的原因。The rigins f the name "Black Friday" are ften disputed, thugh.
At that time, lss was marked in the red while earning went int the black.
The result was the "red t black" cncept f the hliday mentined earlier.
D. The true stry behind Black Friday, hwever, is nt as sunny as yu might have thught.
E. On that Friday, the scheme was revealed, financially ruining everyne frm Wall Street giants t farmers.
F.The term "Black Friday" has existed fr a lng time, but mst peple likely nly assciate it with financial cllapses.