七年级英语暑期衔接讲义-动词

这是一份七年级英语暑期衔接讲义-动词，共10页。学案主要包含了实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。


考点清单
Part 1 动词的分类
动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
实义动词和系动词是主动词，助动词和情态动词是助动词。
★★主动词是句子的核心部分，每个句子都离不开主动词
★★一个简单句一般只有一个核心部分：一个主动词
主动词为实义动词：I lve cats. 句型：主谓宾/主谓
主动词为系动词：My name is Gina. 句型：主系表
主动词+主动词 (×) 助动词+主动词 (√)
I am lve cats. I dn’t lve cats.
Lily is has a sister. He can speak English.
I lve have cats. I must g t schl.
I am is a student.
一、实义动词
定义：具有实际意义，表示动作或状态。能独立作句子核心
分类：及物动词和不及物动词
及物动词 (主谓宾)
及物动词后面必须加宾语(动作的对象)，句子意思才完整
Tm plays basketball every day.
I like this bk very much.
不及物动词 (主谓&主谓(动介)宾)
不及物动词后边不能直接加宾语
Birds can fly. David swims every day.
有些不及物动词如果加宾语，需要借助介词
动词+介词
Lk at the blackbard!
The teacher waits fr the students at the schl gate.
有些动词既及物又不及物
study: We study English. (及物) We study hard. (不及物)
knw: I dn’t knw his name. (及物) I dn’t knw. (不及物)
身兼两职的还有：think, finish, sing, read, write…
找出下列句子中的实义动词，判断其是及物动词还是不及物动词
I have five vlleyballs and three basketballs.
They g at 8:00.
They g t schl at 8:00.
Our classes finish at 10:00.
We finish ur classes at 10:00.
二、系动词 (主系表)
定义：本身有词义，和表语一起说明主语状况。能独立作句
子核心
分为：状态系动词(be)、感官系动词等
状态系动词 (be)
be(am, is, are)表主语所处的一种状态；后加名词、形容词、
介词短语等
有时翻译为“是”，有时不翻译
I am a teacher. 我是一位老师。(be+名词)
My rm is tidy. 我的房子很干净。(be+形容词) (be不翻译)
They are n the desk. 他们在书桌上。(be+介词短语) (be不翻译)
翻译下列的句子
那个女孩是我的妹妹。
字典在书桌上。
这首歌很令人放松。
感官系动词
表示身体的一种感觉，有具体词义。后加形容词
sund(听起来) lk(看起来) smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来) feel(摸起来)
That sunds interesting!
This sweater lks nice.
The flwers smell sweet.
The salad tastes __________(gd/well).
找出下列句中的动词，判断其类型
Lily is under the tree.
The music sunds nice.
The T-shirt feels sft (柔软的).
My father likes ftball.
Tm reads every day.
三、助动词
定义：大多无词意。不能单独作句子核心，要和主动词一起
构成句子核心帮助句子构成否定、疑问或时态等
包括： d (des), will…
助动词d (des)
帮助构成否定句、疑问句 (此类句子是一般现在时，且不
含be动词)
肯定句：They speak English.
否定句：They dn’t speak English.
一般疑问句：D they speak English?
They dn’t their hmewrk. → They dn’t d their hmewrk.
D they their hmewrk? → D they d their hmewrk?
助动词will
帮助句子构成一般将来时
I will g t Beijing.
They will have a meeting.
He will be twenty years ld.
按要求完成下列句子
—D yu like this mvie? (指出对话中的动词，判断其类型)
I dn’t. I will g back hme later.
It sunds great! (变成否定句)
I finish my hmewrk. (变成一般疑问句)
He des his hmewrk in the evening. (改为否定句)
四、情态动词
定义：有一定词义。不能单独作句子核心，和后面的主动词
一起构成句子核心表一种情感和态度；大多无人称和
数的变化，后加动词原形
包括：can(能够), must(必须)…
I speak Chinese.→I can speak Chinese.
She swims.→She can swim.
Tm ges hme after schl. →Tm must g hme after schl.
翻译下列句子
我能帮你。 I __________ __________ yu.
Kim必须回家。 Kim __________ __________ hme.
他能说日语。 He __________ __________ Japanese.
Lily必须去学校。 Lily ________ ________ t schl.
Part 2 动词的形式
动词有很多种形式，会受不同因素影响而进行相应的变化
一、受时态和人称的影响
(一)一般现在时：
实义动词：主语是单三，实义动词用单三形式；
主语是其他人称和数，实义动词用原形
系动词be：am(一单), is(三单), are(第二人称和复数)
助动词d：主语是单三，d要用单三形式des
主语是其他人称和数，d要用原形
一、单项选择
1．David's grandfather ________ his dg after supper every day.（2020朝阳一模）
A．walksB．walkedC．will walkD．has walked
2．My father and I ________ the dg near the park every evening.（丰台一模）
A．walkB．walkedC．are walkingD．will walk
3．Mr. Green has tw dgs. He____________ them every mrning.（2020密云一模）
A．walkedB．will walkC．walksD．is walking
4．Amy usually ________ sprts n Sunday mrnings.（2020大兴一模）
A．is havingB．hasC．has hadD．was having
5．Susan lives far frm schl. She usually ________ a bus t schl.（2020通州一模）
A．has takenB．tkC．takesD．will take
二、改错：(找一找下列句子中错误的地方，并改正)
(1) Peter and I am classmates.( )
(2) My father have a nice car. ( )
(3) Des Miss Jnes ges t wrk at 8 'clck?( )
(4) What des yu want t eat? Sme biscuits. ( )
(5) The butterflies likes flwers.( )
(6) Mr White ften play glf with his friends. ( )
（二）现在进行时：be+ V -ing”构成

1．—Jasn, dn't make s much nise. Anna _____________ fr her math exam.
— Srry, Mum. I wn't.
studiesB．studiedC．has studiedD．is studying
2．Lk! The little girl _________t the music. Hw beautiful!
A．dancesB．will danceC．is dancingD．danced
3．Be quiet! Yur grandpa ________.
A．sleepsB．is sleepingC．has sleptD．will sleep
4．—Shall we g ut fr a walk, Betty?
—Srry, I ________ my clthes nw.
am washingB．washedC．have washedD．wash
一般将来时：①“be ging t+动词原形” ②“Will/shall+动词原形” 否定：wn’t
一．用 be ging t 或者 will 完成句子。
1. I (swim) with my parents.
2. There (be) a big sprts hall in ur schl next year.
3. Jack (have) dinner with Mingming.
4. They (watch) a mvie this Sunday.
5. Next year she (be) twenty years ld.
二．选词填空
Friday，will ，likes ，f，swim，friends，ging ，ftball，are ，at
We 1 have a sprts meeting next 2 . I am gd 3 running. I'm 4 t run. Mike 5 jumping very much. He will jump n the sprts meeting. Linda and Lily are gd 6 . They are ging t 7 . The bys f my class 8 ging t have a 9 match with the bys 10 Class Tw.
（四）一般过去时：
① 主语+be动词的过去式+其他 ②主语+动词的过去式
助动词：did 否定 didn’t
选词填空
Last afternn, it t rain very hard n my way . I sn very because I bring my umbrella. I in the rain. At I was very . I a taxi hme.
二、受前面介词的影响
动词放在介词后，作介词的宾语，用 ding 形式
Thank yu fr helping me.
Hw abut watching TV?
三、受前面动词的影响
动词放在动词后，作动词的宾语，用ding或t d形式
Lily finishes ding her hmewrk.
I want t play basketball.
七上接 ding 或 t d的动词
接 ding 的：
finish (完成) My mther finishes ding the husewrk.
接 t d 的：
want (想要) My sister wants t play cmputer games.
need (需要) I need t buy a new sweater.
t d, ding都可以接的：
lve (爱) Tim lves playing ftball.
= Tim lves t play ftball.
like (喜欢) Kate likes reading in the afternn.
(习惯性的喜欢做某事)
Kate likes t read this afternn.
(短暂性的想要做某事)
用所给动词的适当形式填空
He __________ (get) up at six ’clck every day.
Kim wants __________ (is) a teacher when she grws up(长大).
D yu finish __________ (d) yur hmewrk?
Lily likes __________ (g) t the park n weekends.
Let Tm __________ (cme) in.
I need __________ (call) Lily nw.
一、填空
1. 动词分为：实义动词、__________、__________、__________。
2. 实义动词分为：_______________和_______________。
3. __________分为：状态系动词(be)、_______________ 等。
4. __________举例：__________、will ...
5. __________举例：can、__________ ...
二、翻译下列句子
1. 看天空。
2. 这些西红柿尝起来很不错。
3. 你的帽子在你的头上。
4. 小明不喜欢历史。
5. 山姆(Sam)能打篮球了。
三、单项选择
1. My father me a funny jke and I can’t stp laughing every time I think f it.
A.tld B.tellsC.will tell D.is telling
2.—What did yu d this Dragn Bat Festival?
—I the bat races n TV and read bks.
A.watch B.watchedC.am watching D.will watch
3.There an English shw this weekend. Shall we g and watch it?
A.are ging t be B.wasC.will be D.were
4.Yu can brrw this film— yu watching it.
A.enjy B.enjyedC.will enjy D.have enjyed
5.Mr. Green a new bike fr his daughter tmrrw.
A.buys B.bught C.will buy
6.Thanks fr letting us brrw yur camera. We it t yu next Mnday.
A.return B.will returnC.have returned
7.My parents and I trees last Sunday.
A.plant B.will plant C.are planting D.planted
8..—May I use yur dictinary?
—Srry, I it nw.
A.am using B.use C.used
9.—What’s that terrible nise?
—It’s Jhn. He the vilin.
A.practiced B.is practicingC.was practicing D.has practiced
10.—Where is Mum?
—In the living rm. She a bk at the mment.
A.was reading B.will readC.is reading D.has read
四．阅读理解
Peple smetimes like t read stries f dgs very much. They think that dgs are much cleverer than cats, sheep, cws r ther animals in their hmes.
One f my clse friends, Bb, has a very large plice dg named Jack. Every Sunday afternn, Bb and Jack have a walk in the park nearby. Jack likes these walks very much. One Sunday afternn, I paid a visit t my friend. I stayed there fr a lng time and my friend and I had much mre talk with each ther than ever befre. Sn it was time fr them t take a walk in the park. We frgt that. Jack became wrried abut it. He walked arund the rm several times and then sat dwn in frnt f me and lked at me. But I still paid n attentin (注意) t him. I went n talking with my friend. At last, Jack culd nt wait any lnger. He went ut f the rm and came back a few minutes later. He sat dwn in frnt f me again. But this time, he held my hat in his muth. Suddenly, I understd what Jack meant and s did my friend.
26．Hw many peple are there in this stry?______. （ ）
A．OneB．TwC．ThreeD．Fur
27．Jack______. （ ）
A．is a clse friend f mine
B．enjys lng walks in the park every Sunday afternn
C．has many clse friends
D．enjys talks in the rm
28．Jack was wrried because______. （ ）
A．he wanted t eat smethingB．it was Sunday afternn again
C．he was nt feeling well D．he wanted his master (主人) t take him fr a walk
29．Jack tk my hat in his muth t shw that______. （ ）
A．I shuld leave the huse at nceB．he liked my hat very much
C．he was hungry and he tried t eat itD．he wanted t have a rest
30．Which f the fllwing is true?______. （ ）
A．When Jack and I were talking, my friend didn't pay any attentin t us
B．When I was talking t my friend, Jack didn't pay any attentin t us
C．When my friend and I were talking, we didn't pay any attentin t Jack
D．When my friend was talking t Jack, I paid attentin t them
小学要求
一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时和一般将来时的定义和用法
初中要求
四个时态的定义和用法，以及在不同从句中的用法，不同语境中的灵活运用
begin, wet, hme, didn't, Sunday, be, run, take, tired, last