2025年高考英语精品教案选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

这是一份2025年高考英语精品教案选择性必修第二册 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS，共20页。

基础默写
Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形
1. severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2. suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有 n.犯罪嫌疑人
3. blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备
4. handle n.把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵
5. link n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来
6. decrease n.减少；降低 vt.& vi.减少；降低
7. transfrm vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变
8. cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷
9. shadw n.阴影；影子；背光处
10. pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料）
11. utstanding adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
12. gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的
13. cncept n.概念；观念
14. brilliant adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
15. shift n.改变；转换；轮班vi.& vt.转移；转向
Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变
1. frustrate vt.使懊丧；使沮丧→ frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的→ frustrating adj.令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的→ frustratin n.懊丧；懊恼；沮丧
2. infect vt.使感染；传染→ infectin n.感染；传染
3. prve vt.证明→ prf n.证据；证明；检验
4. pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→ purify vt.使纯净；使洁净→ purity n.纯洁；纯净
5. defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→ defence n.防御；防务
6. assist vt.& vi.帮助；协助→ assistant n.助理；助手→ assistance n.帮助；援助
7. lead v.领导；导致；通向→ leader n.领导者→ leadership n.领导；领导地位；领导才能→ leading adj.最重要的；一流的
Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意
1.cntradictry adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的
2.subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳 （会费）
3.multiple adj. 数量多的；多种多样的
4.substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
5.statistic n.[pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
6.framewrk n. 框架；结构
7.slid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的
8.rainbw n. 彩虹
9.cncrete n. 混凝土 adj. 确实的；具体的
10.patritic adj. 爱国的
11.trace vt. 追溯；查出 n. 痕迹；踪迹
12.abstract adj. 抽象的；理论上的 n. （文献等的）摘要
Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配
1. in general 总的来说
2. thanks t 幸亏；由于
3. depend n/upn 依靠；信赖；取决于
4. calm dwn 平静下来
5. break ut 突然开始；爆发
6. in charge f 主管；掌管
7. abve all 最重要的是；尤其是
8.nce and fr all 最终地；彻底地
9.subscribe t 同意；赞同
10.deal with 处理；应对；涉及
11.carry ut 履行；执行
12.cme dwn 患（病）；染上（小病）
Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用
1. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.（it seems/seemed that...）
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
2.Accrdingly， he had the handle f the pump remved s that it culd nt be used. （have sth. dne）
因此，他让人把水泵的把手拆掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
3.The peple wh drank this water were much mre likely t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.（be likely t d）
与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用这种水（被污染的水）的人更容易染上霍乱。
4.Hwever， what might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things， such as music and drawing.（make＋宾语＋宾补）
然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。
语境自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）
1.What she had said sunded cnvincing， but I suspected that she was telling a lie.
2.A man can fail many times， but he isn’t a failure until he begins t blame （责备） smebdy else.
3.T tell the truth， I dn’t knw if I can handle （处理） the jb.
4.Smg became a severe prblem in Britain because peple at that time burnt lts f fssil fuels.
5.There is strng evidence f a link between exercise and a healthy heart.
6.A sitting rm can be transfrmed int a guest bedrm simply by adding a sfa-bed.
7.Thanks t the utstanding schlars and scientists， we have made great prgress in many fields.
8.The pp star’s ppularity decreased as he gt lder， which is nly t be expected.
9. He is a gifted child wh has an extrardinary memry fr figures.
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.T better defend ur territry， ur cuntry shuld insist n the cnstructin f natinal defence .（defend）
2.A leader shuld pay attentin t leadership skills. Thus， he can make his cmpany becme a leading ne.（lead）
3.Jhn is my assistant .One day he came t my assistance when I needed his help. He assisted me in finishing the assignment f that day.（assist）
4.The machine can purify running water. S many peple have bught ne t get pure water.（pure）
5.His wund was infected with germs. The infectin led t his fever.（infect）
Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子
nce and fr allsubscribe tthanks tbreak ut
in charge fcme dwnabve all
1.We finally decided t handle this annying matter nce and fr all .
2.Tm came dwn with flu and had t stay hme.
3.An experienced engineer is in charge f the prject.
4. Thanks t recent research， effective treatments are available.
5.We are in the habit f subscribing t mrning papers s as t keep up with current events.
6.They had escaped t America shrtly befre the war brke ut in 1939.
7.Lking back， Diana wes her cmpetence and achievements t the gal she set， the educatin she received， and abve all ， the effrts she made.
Ⅳ.句式仿写
1.他更有可能得到这个工作，因为他在所有申请者中是如此优秀。（be likely t d）
He is mre likely t get the jb ， because he is s utstanding amng all the applicants.
2.尽管有人反对，但是似乎大多数人都同意这个观点。（it seems/seemed that...）
Althugh there was disagreement， it seemed that the majrity f peple agreed with this view.
3.如果你想周日去爬山，最好在那之前把作业都做完。（have sth. dne）
If yu want t climb the muntain n Sunday， yu’d better have yur hmewrk finished befre that.
4.对我来说，购物不仅是一个爱好，它还使我愉快和放松。（make＋宾语＋宾补）
T me， shpping is mre than a hbby. It als makes me delighted and relaxed .
Once upn a time， a severe disease brke ut in a small cuntry， making peple easily infected and casting a shadw n their life. At first， peple suspected it was linked t sme kinds f animals， blaming thse wh ate them r killed them fr mney. But sme didn’t subscribe t this view. Medical wrkers acrss the cuntry went t jin in the fight， defending the cuntry with their lives. They tk effective measures， handled every case f infectin immediately and， abve all， never gave up n anyne. Thanks t their selfless effrts， peple wh came dwn with the disease sn recvered， and the number f infectin cases decreased in a shrt time. Everything was a slid prf that they did a wnderful jb in the fight against the virus.
1 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
1.[人教选必②－1]He was t blame （blame）fr the accident because he drve n the wrng side f the rad.
2.Sme experts blamed the death f all the plants n a certain rare disease.
3.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你更需要的是自我反思。（建议信）
→①Dn’t always blame yur wn failure n thers ； what yu need mre is self-reflectin.（blame v.）
→②Dn’t lay/put the blame fr yur wn failure n thers ； what yu need mre is self-reflectin.（blame n.）
4.由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。（读后续写之情感描写）
Blamed fr the failure f the perfrmance ， Tim felt seized by a burst f sadness and culdn’t help crying bitterly.
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
（1）t blame作表语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
（2）通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查；
（3）blame后的介词既可以用n又可以用fr，n后跟责怪的对象， fr后跟责怪的原因。
2 link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
1.[北师选必②－6]They realise that it des nt matter hw attractive the idea linked with/t the prduct is — mst peple knw and anticipate that the main purpse f the advertisement is t make custmers buy the prduct.
本题解题前应先分析句子结构，"linked with/t the prduct"在hw引导的从句中作后置定语，修饰从句的主语idea。本题实际上考查的是的被动结构。
2.早在两千多年前，古丝绸之路就把中国和中亚的一些国家联系起来了。
The ancient Silk Rad linked China t/with sme cuntries in Central Asia as early as ver 2，000 years ag.
3.研究者发现经常在外吃饭与体重的增长有直接的联系。
Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between eating ut frequently and the increase in weight.
3 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低（reduce）
1.Cmpared with last year， the price f wheat has decreased by 15％ this year.
2.Frtunately，the number f cyclists running the red light is n the decrease.
run the red light闯红灯。
3.There are fewer and fewer pr peple in China with its ecnmy grwing rapidly.
→The number f pr peple in China is decreasing/n the decrease with its ecnmy grwing rapidly.（用decrease替换）
表示"减少、降低"的意思时，decrease既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
4 defend vt.& vi.保卫；防守 vt.辩解
1.[北师必修①－2]Many martial arts were invented because peple needed t defend themselves （they） r prtect thers.
2.[外研选必①－6]In additin t blgging， taking phts and writing articles abut the reef， he made a number f appearances n televisin t argue in favur f its defence （defend）.
3.The dam was built t defend the rad frm being washed （wash） away by the sea.
本题解题时不要一看到介词frm就下意识填washing，分析句子结构并结合句意"建这个水坝是为了防止路被海水冲走"可知，应用被动结构be dne，介词frm后用动词-ing形式。
4.看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。（读后续写之动作描写）
→①Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed t defend his sn like an arrw. （defend）
→②Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed in defence f his sn like an arrw. （defence）
5 break ut（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始；爆发
break ut take place happen cme abut ccur
1.[译林选必②－1]A terrible fire brke ut n Sunday night， leaving the Hendersn Twer seriusly damaged.
2.Hw did it cme abut that yu failed t turn up in time yesterday？
3.[译林必修①－4]The surgery tk place mre than a mnth ag， but Ella Edwards still suffers frm daily pain.
4. [北师必修②－5]I am a strng swimmer and very used t swimming in the sea. One day last year， hwever， smething terrible happened/ccurred t me.
break ut，take place，happen，cme abut均可表示"发生"，均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。
break ut指火灾、战争、打斗等不愉快事件突然开始，爆发。
take place常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。
happen常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语（可与ccur互换），不用于被动语态；还可意为"碰巧，恰好"，通常用人作主语，此时不能用ccur代替。
cme abut多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与hw连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。
6 cme dwn患（病）；染上（小病）；降落，落下；崩塌，坍塌；下降，降低
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. t get an illnessB. t fallC. t break and fall t the grundD. t get lwer
①The wind blew hard and the rain came dwn in sheets. B
②The ceiling came dwn with a terrific crash. C
③The price f gas is cming dwn. D
④I think I’m cming dwn with flu. A
2.Yu’re encuraged t imagine the difficulties and challenges yu may cme acrss and hw yu culd vercme them.
3.[人教必修②－4]At night， the stars cme ut t tell us that all is well and my village grws quiet.
4.[人教选必②－1]Mst great scientists have the ability t see the wrld in ways that ther peple d nt， and t cme up with new ideas that ther peple have never thught f.
5.谈到英语学习，我有下面这些实用的建议要分享。（建议信）
When it cmes t English learning， I have the fllwing practical suggestins t share.
7 abve all最重要的是；尤其是
1.abve all first f all after all all in all
① Actually， it is nt easy t get used t a cmpletely new life. First f all ， she had t learn hw t use public transprt.
②[译林必修②－2]These types f exercise all play a rle in a healthy rutine. Abve all ，chse activities yu enjy because， in this way， yu’re mre likely t stick with them.
③[人教选必③－2]T reach the gal f change， a persn must shw sme discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all ， it is nt easy t break bad habits.
④[人教选必②－4] All in all ， their trip frm Vancuver t Trnt had taken a duratin f fur days.
2.我精通英语，非常了解中国的茶文化，最重要的是，我很擅长与他人沟通。（申请信）
I have a gd cmmand f English and knw China’s tea culture very well and abve all， I’m really gd at cmmunicating with thers .
8 have＋宾语＋宾补
1.[人教必修②－3]Rather than ging ut t stres weekly r even daily， mre and mre peple rder things frm clthes t tys t fds nline and have them delivered （deliver） directly t their hmes.
2.In cld winter， we always have the fire burning （burn） day and night t keep warm.
3.[外研必修②－5]He’s s cl！We’re ging t keep in tuch， s I nw have smene t practise （practise） French with！
本题易误填practising。解答本题时不要一看到此处是"have＋宾语＋动词"结构，就下意识填practising。分析句子结构且结合句意可知，have在此句中意为"有"，而不是使役动词的"使"，故此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词smene。类似的表达还有：have a lt f wrk t d， have n friends t play with（注意不要忽略介词）等。
4.因为每个人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的梦想。
（读后续写之主旨升华）
Since everyne’s time is limited， we’re surely suppsed t cherish it and wrk hard t have ur dreams realized .
5.非常抱歉让你等了我这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。（道歉信）
I am terribly srry fr having yu waiting fr me fr s lng ，because I had an urgent thing t attend t just nw.
前缀de-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的含义。
1.Wrk in the hme is ften ignred and devalued. 降低……的价值，贬低
2.Sme peple spread untrue messages r defame thers， and such behavir will lead t a bad reputatin f the victims. 诬蔑，诽谤，中伤
3.Tw thirds f the regin has been defrested in the past decade， which puts the animals here in danger. 砍伐树林
4.He was fined fr defacing library bks， which made his parents angry. 损伤……的外观
Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配
1.[2023浙江1月]Thanks t Beijing’s lng histry as the capital f China， almst every hutng has its stries， and sme are even assciated with histric events.
2.[2023浙江1月]Over the past few years， many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs（传粉昆虫）， resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.
3.[2021天津]Mre engagement with the arts is linked t/with a higher level f peple’s wellbeing.
4.[2020全国Ⅰ]It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity， hwever， says Jaclyn Nrberg， an assistant （assist） prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem， Mass.
该句中an...（assist） prfessr... Mass作Jaclyn Nrberg的同位语，此处表示助理教授，应用assistant prfessr。assistant为形容词，意为"助理的，副的"。
5.[浙江高考]Her friends came t help her when the war brke ut .
6.[全国Ⅱ]Frank Hurley， a cnfident and gifted （gift） Australian phtgrapher wh knew the Antarctic， was hired t make the images， mst f which have never befre been published.
Ⅱ.阅读理解—— 一词多义、熟词生义
1.A. n.拉手；把手B. v.处理C. v.操纵
①[2023浙江1月]Cnsider turning yur travel plan ver t a travel agent and letting him duble-check all the details， make suggestins， and then handle the actual reservatins. B
②[2022全国甲]The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. C
③[江苏高考]—What happened？ Yur bss seems t fly ff the handle.
—Didn’t yu knw his secretary leaked the secret reprt t the press？ A
handle"把手，拉手"。fly ff the handle是固定短语，意为"勃然大怒"。
2.A. 倒出B. （雨）倾盆而下C. 不断涌向
①[2022全国甲]He pured water frm a bttle int his hand and ffered it t my dgs. A
②[2021全国乙]Peple have been puring int stadiums since the days f ancient Greece. C
③[全国Ⅲ]Taxis n a rainy New Yrk night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the grup gt up t leave， it was puring utside. B
pur sth. int sth.表示"向……投入大量金钱，大量投资于"，是一种更为生动形象的高级表达，写作时可酌情使用。比如：I have pured mre time and energy int what I really like since then.
3.A. 改变B. 挪动C. 移动
①[2021北京]In pre-Classical Greece， fr instance， peple "crrected" fficial calendars by shifting dates frward r backward t reflect the change f seasn. C
②[2020新高考Ⅰ]It’s better t leave yur listeners wishing fr mre than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting fr yur speech finally t end. B
③[2020江苏]They shifted their viewpints frequently. A
4.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Mre recently， as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway， artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers， pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures. adj.未经加工的
5.[2020天津]"Small des nt mean weak， sir，" she defended herself. "I was brn in the cuntry f Wiscnsin. I’ve driven teams f hrses and carried water. Making a full-length clay（黏土） figure wuld nt exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend t d！" v.辩解
6.[天津高考]I liked facts， things that are cncrete. I thught anything abstract left t much rm fr argument. adj.具体的
7.[江苏高考]Peple nt nly cast n-line vtes themselves， but als urge thers t vte fr cmpetitins like the "Mst Beautiful Teacher" and the "Cutest Baby". v.投票
Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写
写作一 基础写作——学习的榜样
你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请以A rle mdel t learn frm为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
1.榜样的优秀品质；
2.获得的启示。
◎写作要点
1.屠呦呦是我学习的榜样，她是一位杰出的医学科学家。（utstanding）
A rle mdel fr me t learn frm is Tu Yuyu，an utstanding scientist in medicine.
2.她和她的团队即使失败了很多次，也从不气馁。（frustrated）
She and her team never gt frustrated even thugh they failed many times.
3.此外，他们甚至在自己身上测试药物以确保其安全性。（besides）
Besides， they even tested medicine n themselves t make sure f its safety.
4.多亏了她，感染并死于疟疾的人数在减少。（thanks t，cme dwn，decrease）
Thanks t her， the number f peple wh cme dwn with and die frm malaria is n the decrease.
5.屠呦呦是一位如此有天赋且勤奋的科学家，我决心向她学习，并把我的大部分精力都投入到学习中去。（gifted，pur）
Tu Yuyu is such a gifted and hard-wrking scientist that I am determined t learn frm her and pur mst f my effrt int my study.
6.最重要的是，我将持续做我喜欢的并且对人类有用的事情。（abve all）
Abve all， I’ll keep ding what I like and what is helpful t humans.
◎连句成篇
请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。
A rle mdel t learn frm
A rle mdel fr me t learn frm is Tu Yuyu， an utstanding scientist in medicine.
Of all her excellent qualities， what impresses me mst is that she and her team never gt frustrated even thugh they failed many times. Besides， they even tested medicine n themselves t make sure f its safety. Thanks t her， the number f peple wh cme dwn with and die frm malaria is n the decrease.
In my eyes， Tu Yuyu is such a gifted and hard-wrking scientist that I am determined t learn frm her and pur mst f my effrt int my study. Abve all， I’ll keep ding what I like and what is helpful t humans.
写作二 读后续写——动作描写之"手部"动作
一、阅读理解
A
[2024天星原创]Scientists researching climate change in Antarctica are studying penguins in an effrt t better understand the area’s envirnmental health. They’re measuring the grwth and develpment f the penguin ppulatin n the eastern side f the Antarctic Peninsula. "We are cunting penguin nests t understand hw many penguins are in a clny（聚居地）， prducing yung animals every year， and whether that number is ging up r dwn with the envirnmental cnditins，" said Alex Brwicz， an eclgy researcher at New Yrk’s Stny Brk University.
The wrk is nt easy fr climate researchers in the icy， faraway reaches f Antarctica. But penguins are easier t fllw than sme ther kinds f animals — they nest n land. And their black bdies and waste drppings can als be identified against the area’s white backgrund.
Michael Wethingtn， anther researcher frm Stny Brk， tld Reuters the penguin ppulatin can represent verall climate cnditins and the health f the area’s whle ecsystem.
The researchers say cunts f individual penguins can be cmbined with data frm satellite images t get a mre cmplete picture f hw the animals are prgressing.
Gent penguins prefer pen water withut brken pieces f ice flating arund. S when temperatures n the Antarctic Peninsula began rising during the latter half f the 20th century， gent ppulatins mved suth. "Gent penguins dn’t like sea ice，" David Ainley， a bilgist wh has been studying penguins fr mre than 50 years， tld Reuters. "They mstly search fr fd ver the cntinental shelf（大陆架） and dn’t g far ut t sea."
As sea ice has decreased alng the western side f the peninsula， gents seem t have gt used t the changed cnditins. But thse same cnditins have been wrse fr the Adélie penguin species. This is because they depend n sea ice fr feeding and reprductin（繁殖）. "When we find Adélie penguins， we typically knw sea ice is nearby，" Wethingtn said. He added that whenever researchers see sea ice decreasing r disappearing， they als see Adélie penguin ppulatins drp sharply.
气候变化一直以来都是人们普遍关注的问题。科学家从未放松对气候变化的研究。一些科学家通过对南极洲企鹅进行观察来研究南极洲的气候变化。
1. Why did the researchers chse penguins as their research subject？
A. Because their clny is in gd cnditin.
B. Because Antarctica has a large ppulatin f penguins.
C. Because they are easier t fllw and identified than ther animals.
D. Because their number changes sharply with the envirnmental cnditins.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段中的"But penguins are easier t fllw than sme ther kinds f animals — they nest n land. And their black bdies and waste drppings can als be identified against the area’s white backgrund"可知，研究人员之所以选择企鹅是因为它们更易于跟踪和辨认，故本题选C项。
2. What des the underlined wrd "picture" in Para. 4 prbably mean？
A. Pht.B. Future.
C. Predictin.D. Situatin.
解析 D 词义猜测题。结合关键性信息cunts f individual penguins，data frm satellite images，the animals are prgressing以及常识我们不难推知，研究人员通过不同手段收集有关企鹅的各种信息，无非是想对企鹅这一动物族群的"发展状况"有一个更为全面的了解，那么picture在意义上与situatin最为接近，故本题选D项。
3.What can we infer abut Adélie penguins frm the last paragraph？
A. They feed n ice and bring up their babies n ice t.
B. They cmpete fr fd and space with gent penguins.
C. They are respnsible fr the decrease r disappearance f ice.
D. They wn’t live in the west f the Antarctic Peninsula in great numbers.
解析 D 推理判断题。由"This is because they depend n sea ice fr feeding and reprductin（繁殖）"可知，Adélie penguins对海冰依赖性很强。再由"As sea ice has decreased alng the western side f the peninsula， gents seem t have gt used t the changed cnditins. But thse same cnditins have been wrse fr the Adélie penguin species"可知，南极半岛西侧海冰数量减少，那里的环境条件自然不会适合Adélie penguins大量生存繁衍。综上可知，本题选D项。
4. Which is the best title fr this text？
A. Climate Change Has Put Penguins in Danger
B. Scientists Use Penguins t Study Antarctic Climate Change
C. The Present Living Cnditins fr Penguins in Antarctica
D. Sea Ice Has Different Influences n Gent Penguins and Adélie Penguins
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文我们不难发现，文章首句是整篇文章的主题句，指明了文章的主要内容：科学家借助企鹅来研究南极洲的气候变化，故B项做文章的标题最佳。
B
[科技创新/2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Persnalized medicine changes cnventinal medicine， which typically ffers blanket recmmendatins and ffers treatments designed t help mre peple than they harm but that might nt wrk fr yu. The apprach recgnizes we each pssess unique characteristics， and that they have an utsize impact n ur health.
Arund the wrld， researchers are creating precisin tls unimaginable just a decade ag： superfast DNA sequencing（测序）， tissue engineering， cell reprgramming， gene editing， and mre. The science and technlgy sn will make it pssible t predict yur risk f cancer， heart disease， and cuntless ther illnesses years befre yu get sick. The wrk als ffers prspects fr changing genes in remving sme diseases.
Last spring， researchers at the Natinal Cancer Institute reprted the dramatic recvery f a wman with breast cancer， Judy Perkins. The team， led by Steven Rsenberg， an immune（免疫的） treatment pineer， had sequenced her cancer cells’ DNA t analyze the changes in the genetic structure. The team als extracted a sampling f immune cells and tested them t see which nes recgnized her cancer cells’ genetic faults. The scientists reprduced the winning immune cells by the billins and put them int Perkins t attack her cancer cells. Mre than tw years later， Perkins， a retired engineer frm Flrida， shws n signs f cancer.
Thirty years ag， scientists thught that it wuld be impssible t understand ur genetic rules and sequence the 3.2 billin pairs f different elements in ur DNA. "It was like yu were talking fairy tales，" Razelle Kurzrck said. "The cnventinal wisdm was that it wuld never happen. Never！ And then in 2003， never was ver."
It tk the Human Genme Prject 13 years， rughly ne billin dllars， and scientists frm six cuntries t sequence the first draft f the human genme. Tday sequencing csts abut a thusand dllars. The latest machines can prduce the results in a day. The technlgy， cmbined with advanced cell analysis， clarifies the astnishing bichemical variatins that make every human bdy unique.
个性化医疗正在改变常规医疗，基因测序技术的应用便是其具体表现。
【词语积累】 persnalized adj.为某人特制（或特设）的 prspect n.可能性，希望；预期，展望；前景 sampling n.抽样，取样
【熟词生义】 blanket常用义：n.毯子；毛毯 文中义：adj.包括所有情形（或人员）的，总括的，综合的
1. What can we knw abut persnalized medicine？
A. It has emerged a decade befre.
B. It ffers blanket recmmendatins.
C. It uses genetic infrmatin t help patients.
D. It administers treatment intended fr mst peple.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第三段的例子可知，个性化医疗利用基因信息帮助病人，故选C项。
2.Which best describes thse precisin tls？
A. Prmising.
B. Highly risky.
C. Fruitless.
D. Strictly cnfidential.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段中的"The science and technlgy remving sme diseases"可推知，精密工具很有前景，故选A项。
3.What happened in the prcess f treating Judy Perkins’ breast cancer？
A. Sequencing her immune cells.
B. Reprgramming her cancer cells.
C. Analysis f her lifestyle changes.
D. Identificatin f cancer-fighting cells.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段中的"The team them t see which nes recgnized her cancer cells’ genetic them int Perkins t attack her cancer cells"可知，研究人员确认了抗癌细胞，故选D项。
4. What des the last paragraph mainly tell us abut sequencing？
A. Its recent advances.
B. Its wide applicatins.
C. Its majr disadvantages.
D. Its attractive prspects.
解析 A 段落大意题。由最后一段中今昔情况的对比可以看出，本段主要讲了基因测序的最新进展，故选A项。
二、完形填空
[2024河北沧州质量检测]Mawsn was an Australian explrer and scientist wh explred the Antarctic with a team f fellw adventurers in 1912. His travels in the frzen cntinent brught him wrldwide 1 . In December f that year， Mawsn and tw ther 2 left the main base at Cmmnwealth Bay， 3 a 300-mile explratin int the central part f the cntinent t gather scientific data and samples. 4 fllwed.
One f the men， a yung British sldier named Belgrave Ninnis， 5 dwn an pen crack n a sledge， alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team’s supplies， dead. Fr several weeks， the tw thers， 6 with scurvy（坏血病） and ther 7 ， struggled t return t camp， keeping living first n the 8 dgs， then n starvatin fd. 9 ， Xavier Mertz， a Swiss muntaineer and skiing champin， died frm exhaustin， starvatin and pssible pisnusness frm eating dgs’ livers.
10 t return with the research data， Mawsn 11 the elements fr 30 days. Finally he returned t the 12 in February f 1913， extremely thin， frst-bitten and exhausted — nly t 13 he had missed the ship rescuing the rest f the 14 by hurs. Mawsn was regarded as a survivr her. Fr his achievements as an explrer and scientist， he was knighted（封爵） in 1914. In additin t his ther 15 ， Mawsn edited and cntributed t the 22-vlume Reprts f Australasian Antarctic Expeditins.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Mawsn和另外两名探险者进行南极大陆中部探险时遇险，Mawsn挣扎着生存下来，并将研究数据成功带回的故事。
1. A. praiseB. trust
C. wrryD. criticism
解析 A 由"Mawsn was regarded as a survivr her. Fr his achievements as an explrer and scientist， he was knighted （封爵） in 1914"可知，Mawsn的探险受到了世界的赞誉，故选A。
2. A. celebritiesB. explrers
C. athletesD. astrnmers
解析 B 由"Mawsn was an Australian explrer and scientist wh explred the Antarctic with a team f fellw adventures in 1912"可知，本题选B。
3. A. putting ffB. shwing ff
C. kicking ffD. letting ff
解析 C 此处说的是开始了对南极大陆中部的探索，故选C。
4. A. WndersB. Bnuses
C. FrtuneD. Tragedy
解析 D 由"... 5 dwn an pen crack n a sledge， alng with several f their best dgs and many f the team’s supplies， dead. Fr several weeks， the tw thers 6 with scurvy（坏血病）..."可知，开始探索之行后灾难随之而来，故选D。
5. A. tkB. fell
C. lkedD. wandered
解析 B Belgrave Ninns掉进了一个裂缝中，故选B。
6. A. adjustedB. circulated
C. infectedD. cnfused
解析 C 另外两名感染了坏血病和其他疾病的人挣扎着回营地，他们先靠剩下的狗生活，然后靠抗饥饿的食物活着，故选C。
7. A. curesB. disabilities
C. errrsD. illnesses
解析 D 参见上题解析。illness 疾病。
8. A. remainingB. wild
C. fierceD. hunting
解析 A 参见第6题解析。remaining剩下的。
9. A. UltimatelyB. Nevertheless
C. TemprarilyD. Meanwhile
解析 A 此处说的是"最终来自瑞士的Xavier Mertz死于疲劳、饥饿……"，故选A。
10. A. DiscuragedB. Relieved
C. DeterminedD. Frightened
解析 C Mawsn决心带着研究数据回去，故选C。
11. A. cmbinedB. battled
C. cntainedD. intrduced
解析 B Mawsn决心带着研究数据回去，与恶劣的天气抗争了30天，故选B。
12. A. centerB. nrmal
C. baseD. campus
解析 C 最后，他在1913年2月回到基地（base）——骨瘦如柴、冻伤满布且疲惫不堪——但却发现（discver）错过了营救其他成员（crew）的船好几个小时。
13. A. predictB. discver
C. cmplainD. explain
解析 B 参见上题解析。
14. A. passengersB. witnesses
C. rescuersD. crew
解析 D 参见第12题解析。
15. A. achievementsB. references
C. servicesD. subjects
解析 A 所填词指的是Mawsn取得的成就，故选A。
三、语法填空
[科技创新/2023新疆乌鲁木齐一模]Over the past few years， scientists 1 （develp） a new artificial intelligence technlgy that can detect whether smene is lying thrugh analyzing the muscles in his face.
Patches（贴片） placed n a persn’s face detect muscle activity and then the machine learning technlgy is used. The machine is able 2 （calculate） whether r nt the persn is telling lies. 3 （invent） by Yael Hanein at Tel Aviv University in Israel， the machine shwed an impressive success rate： 73 percent， implying it can catch liars with ease.
Hw wuld ur facial expressins give 4 ur lies？ Accrding t researchers frm the University f British Clumbia， Canada， sme f the muscles in ur faces change "behavir" when we are lying. Liars 5 （usual） raise their eyebrws. They als blink a lt and hld 6 （they） eyes clsed lnger.
7 （clse） the eyes is a way t buy time fr the liars s that they can better perfect their stries.
Liars ften blush（脸红）. Bld flws int the cheeks as they becme nervus abut the 8 （true） pssibly being revealed.
Liars als have fake smiles.9 real smile ften causes the eyes t light up r becme smaller. This is because mre muscles are used 10 we are happy. A fake smile is ften accmpanied by "dead" eyes instead.
科学家们开发了一种新的人工智能技术，可以通过分析人脸上的肌肉来判断某人是否在说谎。
1.have develped 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。由时间状语Over the past few years可知，此处用现在完成时；主语scientists与develp之间为主谓关系，故填have develped。
2.t calculate 考查非谓语动词。固定短语be able t d sth.表示"能够做某事"，故填t calculate。
3.Invented 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处应填非谓语动词。动词invent与the machine之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语动作已完成，故用过去分词形式Invented。
4.away 考查固定搭配。give away表示"泄露，暴露"。
5.usually 考查副词。所填词修饰动词，故应用副词作状语，所以填usually。
6.their 考查形容词性物主代词。所填词修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词their。
7.Clsing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主句有系动词is，故is前的部分为主语。此处表示主动关系和一般性行为，故填Clsing。
8.truth 考查名词。空处应填名词truth（事实，真相）。
9.A 考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且real的发音以辅音音素开头，故填A。
10.when/if 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处应填连词。再结合句意可知，空处可以用when引导时间状语从句；空处也可以用if引导条件状语从句。★be t blame （fr...）（因某事）应受责备；应（为……）承担责任
blame sb. fr （ding） sth.责备某人（做了）某事
blame sth. n sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
★bear/take/accept/shulder the blame fr sth.为某事承担责任
put/lay the blame fr sth. n...把某事的责任归咎于……
★把……和……连接/联系起来
There is a link ……和……之间有联系。
★表示"联系"的短语：be related t，be assciated with， be invlved in， be cnnected with等。
★decrease （frm...） t...（从……）减少到……
decrease by减少了……
n the decrease在下降中，在减少中
★increase表示"增长；增加"，与decrease的用法相同。
★
保护……免受……
defend neself为自己辩护；自卫
★defence n.防御，保卫
in defence防御，保卫
in defence f为了保护……
in ne’s defence 为某人辩护
★defensive adj.防御的，戒备的
★cme acrss（偶然）遇见；偶然发现
cme ut（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；盛开；出版
cme up走到跟前；被提及
cme up with提出
when it cmes t...当谈及……
★after all毕竟；终究
all in all总而言之，总的说来
first f all首先，第一
★have＋宾语＋d sth.：省略t的不定式作宾补，表示"主语使/让宾语干某事"。
★have＋宾语＋ding：表示"让……一直做某事"，现在分词作宾补，表示持续的动作或状态。
★have＋宾语＋dne：表示"使某事被做/请人做某事/主语遭遇某事"。
积累背诵
仿写运用
单
词
wave， thrw， pint， dig， drag/pull， push， fld， knck， tap， clap/applaud， press， tuch， wipe， pat， rub， catch/grab/grasp 抓住， scratch抓挠， tear撕
根据左栏素材完成下列各句
1.当李老师给她颁奖的时候，全班热烈鼓掌。她羞涩地微笑了一下，掌声震耳欲聋。
The class clapped warmly as Mr Lee presented her with the award. She gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening.
2.她伸出一根手指按在唇上，示意我们安静。
She lifted a finger t her lips ， signaling us t be quiet.
3.他提高声音，不耐烦地用手指咚咚地敲着桌子。
Raising his vice， he drummed his fingers n the table impatiently .
4.我想她可能也害怕，所以我伸出手来握住她的手，用另一只手拍她的背。
I thught she might be scared t， s I held ut my hand t hld hers， patting her n the back with the ther. （第二空现在分词作状语）
5.她温柔地将小鸟捧在手心，仔细查看它有没有受伤。
She cupped the little bird in her hands gently t check carefully whether it was injured.
6.这个女人放开了丈夫的手，她的头垂了下来，嘴唇开始颤抖。他们买不起五张票让所有孩子都去动物园。
The wman let g f her husband’s hand ， her head drpped， and her lips began t shake. They culdn’t affrd five tickets t take all their children t the z.
词
组
1.hld ut/reach ut ne’s hand伸出手
2.hand in hand手拉手
3.with ne’s head in ne’s hands双手抱头
4.cup ... in ne’s hands将……捧在手心
5.raise/put up ne’s hand举手
6.spread ne’s hands摊开双手
7.lift/hld a warning finger伸出一根手指警告
8.lift/hld a finger t ne’s lips伸出一根手指按在唇上
9.drum ne’s fingers n sth.用手指咚咚地敲某处
10.shake hands warmly热情地握手
11.let g f ne’s hand放开某人的手
佳
句
1.He slid his hands int his pcket， pulled ut sme change and handed it t me.他把手伸进口袋，掏出一些零钱递给我。
2.He patted me n the head， held my hands gently and tld me nt t wrry.他拍拍我的头，轻轻地握住我的手，告诉我不要担心。
3.His fingers were light n the keys， and they even danced n the keys like a jyful bird. 他的手指轻触琴键，甚至像一只欢快的小鸟一样在琴键上跳舞。