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读后续写 第二章 第二节 技法指导-2025年高考英语大一轮复习（课件+讲义+练习）
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这是一份读后续写 第二章 第二节 技法指导-2025年高考英语大一轮复习（课件+讲义+练习），文件包含读后续写第二章第2节技法指导教师版docx、读后续写第二章第2节技法指导学生版docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共0页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语一轮复习策略建议1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。第2节 技法指导读后续写以记叙文为主，记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。下面以2023年新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷为例来逐条讲解写作技法。阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil，so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories.If you’re willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18，1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth.Not a brilliant idea，but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.What did the horse think，as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But，like Revere’s horse，I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a halfdozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.When I handed in the essay to my teacher，he read it，laughed out loud，and said，“Great.Now，write it again.” I wrote it again，and again and again.When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn’t win，I wouldn’t care.注意：续写词数应为150个左右。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 技法一 阅读文本，获取有效信息一、读懂原文，理清六要素记叙文有六要素(五个W和一个H)，即who(人物)、when(时间)、where(地点)、why(事件的起因)、what(经过)和how(结果)。读后续写所提供的文本除了结果这一要素之外，把其余五个要素叙述得清清楚楚。因此阅读文本时要紧扣这五个要素。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)文本，得出六要素为：二、细读原文，找出双线故事类记叙文有两条线索，一是情节(plot)线，二是情感(feeling)线。通常情况下，随着情节的发展，人物的情感会产生变化。所以，对情节的整体把握就离不开对人物情感发展的分析。两条线索既相对独立又相互交融，所以，在梳理时，可以将两条线索互相参照，互相贯通。按照情节发展的顺序，同时提取表示情感的词汇、句型及表达，进而获取情感的发展方向。特别关注情节发展的高潮，也是情感的最大变化。这是记叙文的核心，往往也是最大冲突的爆发点和续写的基础。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本，理出文章的情节线和情感线如下：1．情节线：拒绝参赛→尝试参加→以马的口吻写作→想放弃→继续坚持→不在乎是否能获奖2．情感线：自我否定→自我尝试→自我创新→自我怀疑→自我坚持→自我突破可以清晰地在“情节山”上展示出来：三、确定主题，写出主题升华句读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本知本文的主题为“人与自我：个人成长”。概括文本大意知：本不喜欢写作的作者在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力，不但尝试参加了写作比赛，而且通过自己的坚持不懈完成了参赛作品，实现了自我突破。由此我们可以推断出，作者写这篇文章的意图是表达对老师的感激：感激老师的鼓励和让他意识到“心之所愿，无所不成”。所以续写部分应该是作品获奖和感恩老师。遵循正能量原则，写出本文的结尾升华句。1．从感恩老师和老师的鼓励的角度来写(1)No more words could convey my gratitude to him.It was he who made me realize nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(2)Since then，my teacher’s encouraging words，just like a lighthouse in the mist，would always be lighting in the sky of my life.(3)Then he pointed that my passion，devotion and persistence contributed to my success.“Just like the horse you wrote，he got tired and had doubts，but he kept going.”(4)I benefit a lot from my loved teacher.His painstaking care and encouragement will influence my whole life.(5)After that，his words have echoed in my ears for many years，and every time I start writing，I will think of my teacher.He taught me how to believe in myself and guided me towards a bright future.2．从个人努力的角度来写(1)From then on，not only did I have a good command of writing，but I also knew the truth—fear never builds the future，but hope does.(2)Only then did I realize that it was bravery and determination that can conquer all the difficulties.Hard work paid off eventually.四、研判故事的语言风格和语言特色阅读文本时，要留意文章使用的主体时态(tense)，还要注意文章使用的句式结构，如三大从句、非谓语动词、强调句型、倒装句式、虚拟语气等，并画线标出，以使续写的内容在语言色彩和行文风格上与所给文章保持一致。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本知本文的主体时态是一般过去时，续写部分也应该继续使用该时态。文本中运用了以下丰富的句式：1．When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.(时间状语从句；非谓语动词)2．Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.(动名词作主语；结果状语从句；定语从句；“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)3．So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail？(定语从句)4．Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.(过去分词短语作状语)5．If I didn’t win，I wouldn’t care.(虚拟语气)由以上句子可知，文本中分词作状语、状语从句、虚拟语气等句式的综合运用使得语言具有一定的丰富性，配合着短句，形成了长短句结合的节奏感。除了这些句式以外，文章还通过对主人公动作链的描写以及心理描写等丰富了细节，刻画了主人公在情感上对待英语写作的转变。续写部分的文风也要延续这些才行。技法二 利用信息，预测后续情节一、根据首句，构建情节框架对所给文本后面的故事情节及故事结尾的推断是写好读后续写的前提。高考所给的读后续写是半开放性的，这种形式既可以让人充分发挥想象力，又能让人有章可循。可以根据下表中的口诀来确定每段要写的内容：根据(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)的第一段所给首句“A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.”再结合第二段首句“I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.”，使用“两段首句定一框”策略，可以推断出续写的第一段应侧重介绍消息的内容，再加上“我”听到消息后的反应(所听、所思等)以及领奖的情景(所见、所听、所思、所做等)。根据第二段首句与正能量的结尾即“二框二首正能量”策略，确定第二段应侧重介绍“我”与老师在办公室里发生的事(所说、所做等)，以及“我”对英语写作态度的转变(所悟)，与前文“我”并不喜欢英语写作形成呼应，最后再点题，表明“我”对老师由衷的感激之情。二、根据首句，写出衔接句续写的几个衔接句即第一段的第二句，第一段的最后一句和第二段的第二句都是得分要点，如图所示：升华句前面已经写出来了，下面是几个衔接句。1．第一段的第二句：第一段所给首句是A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.(几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。)所以接着要写消息的内容，此消息一定和获奖、颁奖有关，再根据续写情感要积极(positive)的原则，应该是获得非常好的奖项，传播此消息的方式可以多样，如电话告知、同学告知、老师宣布等都可以，也可以不提，直接写消息的内容即可。(1)It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.(2)I received a phone call，and it was from the organization that said I had won the grand prize.(3)“You won first prize in the writing contest，” one of my classmates rushed to my desk.(4)The moment I saw my name on the top of the first prize list，surprise and joy occupied my mind.(5)When my teacher walked into the classroom，a shining bright smile was on his face.He had just announced I won first place in the writing contest when everyone surprised in disbelief firstly but then gave me thunderous applause.2．第一段的最后一句：因为第二段的第一句说领奖后“我”去了老师的办公室，所以第一段的最后一句要含有颁奖并提到老师。(1)When the award presentation finished，I felt a mixture of feelings.I wanted to say something to my teacher.(2)With the trophy in one hand and award certificate in the other hand，I threw my eyes at my teacher，who gave me a thumbsup，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.(3)I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out onerole play as Revere’s horse on the stage，which made the audience laugh out.In the end，I showed my gratitude to the horse rider—my social studies teacher.(4)Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by flowers and applause.However，the person with whom I desired to share my joy was my teacher.(5)Patiently and confidently，I told the audience how I once didn’t love writing and now enjoyed writing and how I realized the value of perseverance with the help of my teacher.3．第二段的第二句：第二段所给首句是I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.(颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。)所以接着应该写“我”到办公室后的所见、所说与所做。也可以写“我”走进办公室老师见到“我”的反应。(1)“Thank you very much！” I showed my certificate to him with my eyes watering，“Without you，I couldn’t have done it.”(2)Bathed in the enjoyment，he waved at me and expressed his congratulations.(3)The teacher walked towards me excitedly and gave me a big hug，saying，“Congratulations，boy，and have a seat.”技法三 大胆设问，构思续写细节以上步骤仅仅定出了写作框架，在构思时，还要进行情节扩充，让续写有血有肉。建议大家写“五所”，即所见(环境描写/人物描写/神态描写)、所闻(语言描写)、所说(语言描写)、所思(心理描写)、所做(动作描写)，并对此进行设问，可以有效地丰富续写的主要情节。如：读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本，我们可以对两段内容进行如下设问：第一段：A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.1．How did I get the news?2．What was the news?3．How did I and others feel about the news?4．What did the people around do when hearing the news?5．What did I do then?第二段：I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.1．What was the teacher doing when I entered the teacher’s office?2．What did I say to the teacher?3．How did the teacher feel when hearing my words?4．What did he do and say then?5．How did I feel when hearing the teacher’s words?把以上设问的答案组合起来，再增加一些衔接过渡句，就得到了续写的两段内容。尝试完成续写。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________技法四 遣词造句，精细打磨语言读后续写对语言综合运用能力要求更高。要增添“读后续写”的表达效果，不仅要有词汇量的积累，还要注意避免使用泛泛而谈的词汇，应该多使用具体的词汇使表达更加准确到位。 只有准确、连续的动作和夸张丰富的表情以及细致的心理活动描写，才能让人物栩栩如生！一、善用动作链在读后续写的写作过程中，成功的动作描写可以交代人物的身份、地位，可以反映人物心理活动的进程，也可以表现人物的性格特征。人物的动作或简单或复杂，都不是一下子就能完成的，细心观察才能捕捉到最能体现人物特征的慢镜头。因此，在描写动作时，要学会细化动作，把动作过程分解成一连串细微的动作，形成动作链，写出动作的连贯性，这样才能使描写具有画面感，使人物更立体。动作链有以下结构形式：He stopped the taxi，jumped in with the suitcase and told the driver，“Go to the police station，please.”他拦下了出租车，拿着箱子跳进车里，然后对司机说：“请到警察局去。”The boys rushed to the lake，took off their clothes and jumped into the water.男孩们冲到湖边，脱下衣服跳进水里。The singer glanced at the audience，took a deep breath and began to sing.歌手瞥了一眼观众，深吸了一口气，开始唱歌。She would get off the car excitedly，laughing and dancing around.她会兴奋地下车，又笑又跳。The old man sat under the sunset，reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.老人坐在夕阳下，看着报纸，听着收音机。Having queued for 3 hours，he was told that the ticket had been sold out.排了3个小时的队后，他被告知票已经卖完了。Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.孩子们被这个故事深深感动了，哭了起来。Poppy trotted to him and got up on his back legs，trying to lick his old friend.小狗波比小跑到他跟前，站立起来，要舔他的老朋友。Tony rushed to Rose and threw his arms around her tightly without hesitation，wiping tears from her cheeks.托尼毫不犹豫地冲向罗斯，紧紧地抱住她，帮她擦去脸颊上的泪水。二、会用高级句式1．形容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)在句中作状语，可以表明主语所处的状态。如：Lost in the mountain for two days，these students were finally rescued by the local police.这些学生在山里迷路两天后最终被当地警察救了出来。Speechless and happy，she held her son tightly into her arms，with tears welling up in her eyes.她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着她的儿子，热泪盈眶。2．非谓语动词巧妙地使用非谓语动词可以使句型更多样化，使文章结构更加紧凑，使文章所表达的含义更加简明。如：Exposed to the truth，I hugged dad in my arms tightly.真相大白后，我紧紧地拥抱了爸爸。I lowered my head with embarrassment，standing there like a fool.我尴尬地低下头，像个傻瓜一样站在那里。Wild with joy，she jumped up，grabbing the blouse and flourishing it while crying.她高兴得跳了起来，一把抓住衬衫，把它拿在手里挥舞着，哭了起来。She made a final effort to cry for some help.Nevertheless，no one would come to save her.Jane walked along the stream，with fear gradually beating her bravery.她做了最后的努力，大声呼救。然而，没有人会来救她。简沿着小溪走着，恐惧渐渐打败了她的勇气。3．with复合结构with复合结构可以丰富句子的内容，其作用一般相当于一个状语从句，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式等。如：(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)There was nobody inside.I slipped in and gingerly set the trophy on my teacher’s desk with a note attached，saying，“It’s a glory for both of us！Your inspiration seems a beacon guiding my way ahead.” 里面没有人。我溜进去，小心翼翼地把奖杯放在老师的桌子上，并附上一张纸条，上面写着：“这是我们俩的荣耀！你的鼓舞就像指引我前进的灯塔。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)“Thank you very much！” I showed my certificate to him with my eyes watering.“Without you，I couldn’t have done it.” “非常感谢你！”我把我的证书给他看，眼里流着泪，“没有你，我不可能做到。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)On hearing of the unexpected news，she was so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.听到这个意外的消息，她惊讶得目瞪口呆。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)With tears in my eyes I said to him，“I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your timely help.”我含着眼泪对他说：“我要向您表示衷心的感谢，感谢您的及时帮助。”4．独立主格结构独立主格结构的构成为“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”，其作用相当于一个状语从句。如：I embraced my father without a word，tears streaming.我默默拥抱着父亲，泪流满面。She thought of Tom，memories flooding out as she closed her eyes and recalled the kindness of him.她想起了汤姆，当她闭上眼睛，回忆起他的友善，往事涌上心头。My heart pumping wildly and my blood pulsing through my veins，I pulled back the reins，distracted the horse and tried every means to stop the horse but in vain.我的心在狂跳，血液在静脉中跳动，我拉住缰绳，转移马的注意力，用尽一切办法想让马停下来，但都是徒劳。The boy rushed to the old man’s house，his face covered with sweat.男孩冲到老人家里，满脸是汗。5．复合句常用的复合句有定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。如：(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)I firstly expressed my gratitude to my loved teacher and said，“What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired my motivation to writing.I wouldn’t have succeeded without your help.” 我首先对我敬爱的老师表示感谢，并说：“您说的话给了我很大的鼓励，激发了我写作的动力。没有您的帮助，我不可能取得成功。”Eagerly，the twins gazed at their mother，whose eyes were filled with tears of thrill.双胞胎热切地注视着妈妈，她的眼里充满激动的泪水。That’s why Anna was surprised the following day when Bobby had made several ads.这就是第二天鲍比做了几个广告时安娜感到惊讶的原因。Cold and tired though we were，the kids’ smiling faces cheered us up.虽然我们又冷又累，但孩子们的笑脸使我们振奋起来。6．倒装句型为了突出或强调句子中的某个部分，我们可以将其置于句首，形成倒装结构。如：Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.听到狗凶猛的叫声，小偷逃走了。Not only did we lose all our money，but we also lost our way/but also we lost our way.我们不仅丢了所有的钱，还迷了路。Only when you find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能跟别人保持良好的关系。Never had Jane missed Tom so much.Even a quarrel would be sweet now.简从来没有这么想念过汤姆。现在即使是争吵也会是甜蜜的。So tightly did he draw the wolf’s neck against his shoulders that the animal could scarcely breathe and tried in vain to use its teeth.他把狼的脖子紧紧地拉在肩上，以至于狼几乎无法呼吸，让它的牙齿也无法派上用场。7．强调句型强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。如：Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.马丁意识到重要的不是朋友的数量，而是质量。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.就在那一刻，我对老师充满了感激之情。It was not until then that I came to realize that we should always be honest.直到那时我才意识到我们应该永远诚实。8．虚拟语气在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气；表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。如：If there hadn’t been your help，the boy would have failed in the test.要是没有你的帮助，这个男孩就会在测试中不及格。But for this experience，she wouldn’t have realized that she should spend more time with her family.如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。If only I had not made such a stupid mistake.要是我过去没有犯这样一个愚蠢的错误就好了。It’s high time that we focused/should focus our attention on our study.该是我们把注意力集中在学习上的时候了。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)Without his encouragement，I couldn’t have won the prize.要是没有他的鼓励，我不可能获奖。9．“无灵主语”句“无灵主语”简单理解就是“没有生命”的东西作主语，比如时间、地点、自然现象等。比如My love goes to everybody.中love就是没有生命力的名词，但是go就是有生命力的动词。“无灵主语”的应用大致分为五大类：第一类：主语是表示情感状态的抽象名词这类名词有fear(恐惧)，excitement(兴奋)等。与之对应的动词有seize(突然侵袭，突然控制)，choke(使哽咽)，flood(使大受感动，充满)，creep(不知不觉地产生)，grip(使感兴趣，对……产生强有力的影响)，give way to(被……代替)等。 Panic seized her.她突然惊慌失措。Despair choked her words.她绝望得说不出话来。 A great sense of relief flooded over him.他深感宽慰。A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on him.他慢慢地感到一丝恐惧。I saw the puzzled look in his eyes gave way to sadness.我看见他眼神中的困惑变成了悲伤。第二类：主语是表示时间和地点的名词这类名词有the town(镇)，the following year(第二年)等。与之对应的动词有witness(见证)，see，boast(有引以为荣的事物)等。Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.北京见证了最近几年的巨大变化。The following year saw the death of his mother.第二年他的妈妈去世了。The town boasts a beautiful lake.这座小镇引以为荣的是有一片美丽的湖。第三类：主语是表示自然现象的名词这类名词有fog(雾)，earthquake(地震)等。与之对应的动词有blanket(覆盖)，come，bring，prevent，strike(袭击)，hit，threaten 等。The thick fog blanketed the field.浓雾笼罩着整个大地。An earthquake came like a thief in the night，without warning.地震出乎意料地到来，没有任何警示。The rain prevented tourists from enjoying the full moon.雨使得游客无法欣赏到满月。第四类：主语是表示身体部位和音容的名词这类名词有face(脸)，laughter(笑声)等。与之对应的动词有light up(照亮；露出喜色)，brighten(照亮)，linger(继续存留)，well up(涌出)，flash(掠过；突然显露)等。Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩。Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。When he saw the familiar handwriting，tears welled up in his eyes.当看到熟悉的字迹时，他热泪盈眶。Her eyes flashed with anger.她的眼中闪出怒火。第五类：主语是表示行为和动作的名词这类名词有sight，thought，glance，look，idea，feeling等。与之对应的动词有strike(突然想到；让……觉得)，arouse(唤起)，remind，fill，delight，frighten，overwhelm(压倒；满溢)等。A terrible thought suddenly struck me.我突然有一个可怕的想法。The sight of the scene filled me with horror.看到这个情景我心中充满了恐惧。A glance along his bookshelves arouses my interest in reading.扫一眼他的书架就激发我读书的兴趣。His frightening look frightened all the boys away.他那可怕的样子把所有的男孩都吓跑了。The good idea of solving the problem delighted all of us present at the meeting.解决这个问题的好主意使出席会议的我们都很高兴。Overwhelmed by the feeling of excitement，Catalina nodded and began to assist the astronomer.卡塔琳娜非常兴奋，她点了点头，开始帮助那位天文学家。三、巧用修辞手法无论是在汉语还是在英语中，修辞都是一门具有独特魅力的艺术。在读后续写中，恰当地运用修辞手法可以使平淡的语言变得鲜活、生动，从而增强文章的表现力，也有助于获得高分。较为常用的修辞手法有比喻和拟人两种。1．比喻比喻是根据事物之间的相似点，把某一事物比作另一事物，从而把抽象的事物说得具体、形象，把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白。常见的比喻形式有明喻和暗喻两种。(1)明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出，说明本体事物像喻体事物。它是最简单、最常见的一种修辞手法，其常见的标志词有like，as，as if，as though等。Jenny couldn’t resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird.(情感描写)珍妮控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。The scenery along the journey is just like a breathtaking landscape painting.(景物描写)沿途的风景就像一幅令人叹为观止的山水画。The icy wind started howling，cutting my face like a sharp knife.(环境描写)寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛了我的脸。The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day.(情感描写)她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。I reached out to touch her face，which was as cold as the ice.(人物描写)我伸手去摸她的脸，她的脸像冰一样凉。Her hair grew greyer and greyer，as if (it had been) covered with snow and frost.(肖像描写)她的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪。(2)暗喻与明喻不同，暗喻不通过比喻词表现出来，而是直接将一种事物当成另一种事物来描写，此时两种事物之间的联系和相似之处都是暗含的。暗喻较明喻而言更加简洁，也更加生动、深刻，表现力强。Her hair was a golden river streaming down her shoulders.(肖像描写)她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。The beautiful park was a scented carpet of color.(景物描写)那个美丽的公园就像一块芬芳的彩色地毯。I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.(情感描写)我喉头哽咽，泪水湿润了眼眶。The boy wolfed down the food.(动作描写)这个男孩狼吞虎咽地吃完了食物。2．拟人拟人就是把事物人格化，它既能生动形象地写出某事物的某个特点，又使事物具有拟人化后特有的具象效果。The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.(环境描写)微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸颊。The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.(景物描写)鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成了一幅美丽的图画。Immediately，an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(环境描写)顷刻间，一片黑暗统治了森林。Fear seized/swallowed him.(情感描写)恐惧把他吞噬了。Anger choked my words.(情感描写)我气得说不出话来。A good idea suddenly struck me.(心理描写)我突然想到一个好主意。Ⅰ.翻译句子1．珍妮如释重负，把真相告诉了大家。(形容词作状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．简感到害怕和无助，坐在一棵树旁，用胳膊抱着自己的肩膀取暖。(非谓语动词作状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．他们拥抱、亲吻，泪水顺着脸颊流淌下来。(with复合结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．“我……我不知道。”他结结巴巴地说，他的声音因恐惧而颤抖。(独立主格)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．如果她没有和汤姆吵架，他们在湖边就会玩得很开心。(虚拟语气)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．妈妈紧紧地拥抱这对双胞胎，他们的脸兴奋得通红。(定语从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．因为他一直说想要与世人分享他的画，我知道必须做什么。(名词性从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．我感谢他，说他不仅用手艺补好了我的衬衫，还用体育精神补好了我的梦想。(倒装结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．就在那一刻，我对老师充满了感激之情。(强调句结构；overwhelm)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．一种冰冷的感觉涌上他的心头，使他发抖。(无灵主语句；creep)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．沉浸在欢乐里，吉米像一只自由的小鸟一般冲出了校门。(比喻句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12．看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。(拟人句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.短文续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Molly and her husband Rex ran a used bookstore in a small town.People，mostly kids，came here to read books，sell books and buy books.The morning had been full of rain，and passersby were walking with narrow eyes under umbrellas.Molly rested both her hands on the counter and leaned(倾斜)forward to watch the world outside in the rain while Rex was busy sorting out books on the bookshelves.Rick，who sat on the floor burying himself in reading a hardback illustrated book，was the only customer in such a rainy day.Rick was a regular customer to the bookstore and he never sold a book or bought a book.He just read books.“Can you keep this book for me？” Molly heard a shy voice and looked down to find it was little Rick that stood before the counter，holding the illustrated book and asked.“Sure！” Molly nodded encouragingly.But the uncertainty remained on Rick’s face.“I’ll be back really soon.Promise.Tomorrow if I can.” Molly nodded to him as seriously as she was treating an adult.Molly wanted to ask him if there was anything difficult，but she kept silent.Anyway，she put the illustrated book in a drawer in case anyone else would take it.Most of the secondhand books in her store were unique.If it was sold，she would fail to keep her promise.Rick didn’t return the following day，or the day after that.Molly was somehow disappointed.Rex suggested placing the illustrated book on the bookshelf so that others could read it or take it.In Rex’s opinion，children made promises all the time and they promised all kinds of things.When they came to a store and was attracted by something，they promised to come back and they asked the shopkeeper not to let anyone else take the things they wanted away.It happened all the time.注意：续写词数应为150个左右。But Molly insisted that they should wait and keep the book.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rick pushed the door open and rushed to the counter holding his money box._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 文本6要素(5W＋1H)文本内容Who(人物)my social studies teacher and IWhen(时间)when I was in middle schoolWhere(地点)in my schoolWhat(事件)My social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.Why(起因)Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.How(结果)续写中介绍两段首句定一框 即根据两段所给首句来确定第一段的框架二框二首正能量 即第二段的框架由第二段的首句和正能量结尾来确定·动作A＋B＋and＋C·句子＋ing·句子＋having done·句子＋ed ·句子谓语连动＋ing
高考英语一轮复习策略建议1、抓基础、重应用、强化词句的积累和运用。要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳。2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。第2节 技法指导读后续写以记叙文为主，记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以人物的经历和事物的发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。下面以2023年新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷为例来逐条讲解写作技法。阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.I did not love writing.My family came from Brazil，so English was only my second language.Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories.If you’re willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this.” Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject.Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18，1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming.My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth.Not a brilliant idea，but funny; and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.What did the horse think，as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately.I got tired.I had doubts.I wanted to quit.But，like Revere’s horse，I kept going.I worked hard.I checked my spelling.I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.I checked out a halfdozen books on Paul Revere from the library.I even read a few of them.When I handed in the essay to my teacher，he read it，laughed out loud，and said，“Great.Now，write it again.” I wrote it again，and again and again.When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing.If I didn’t win，I wouldn’t care.注意：续写词数应为150个左右。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 技法一 阅读文本，获取有效信息一、读懂原文，理清六要素记叙文有六要素(五个W和一个H)，即who(人物)、when(时间)、where(地点)、why(事件的起因)、what(经过)和how(结果)。读后续写所提供的文本除了结果这一要素之外，把其余五个要素叙述得清清楚楚。因此阅读文本时要紧扣这五个要素。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)文本，得出六要素为：二、细读原文，找出双线故事类记叙文有两条线索，一是情节(plot)线，二是情感(feeling)线。通常情况下，随着情节的发展，人物的情感会产生变化。所以，对情节的整体把握就离不开对人物情感发展的分析。两条线索既相对独立又相互交融，所以，在梳理时，可以将两条线索互相参照，互相贯通。按照情节发展的顺序，同时提取表示情感的词汇、句型及表达，进而获取情感的发展方向。特别关注情节发展的高潮，也是情感的最大变化。这是记叙文的核心，往往也是最大冲突的爆发点和续写的基础。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本，理出文章的情节线和情感线如下：1．情节线：拒绝参赛→尝试参加→以马的口吻写作→想放弃→继续坚持→不在乎是否能获奖2．情感线：自我否定→自我尝试→自我创新→自我怀疑→自我坚持→自我突破可以清晰地在“情节山”上展示出来：三、确定主题，写出主题升华句读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本知本文的主题为“人与自我：个人成长”。概括文本大意知：本不喜欢写作的作者在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力，不但尝试参加了写作比赛，而且通过自己的坚持不懈完成了参赛作品，实现了自我突破。由此我们可以推断出，作者写这篇文章的意图是表达对老师的感激：感激老师的鼓励和让他意识到“心之所愿，无所不成”。所以续写部分应该是作品获奖和感恩老师。遵循正能量原则，写出本文的结尾升华句。1．从感恩老师和老师的鼓励的角度来写(1)No more words could convey my gratitude to him.It was he who made me realize nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(2)Since then，my teacher’s encouraging words，just like a lighthouse in the mist，would always be lighting in the sky of my life.(3)Then he pointed that my passion，devotion and persistence contributed to my success.“Just like the horse you wrote，he got tired and had doubts，but he kept going.”(4)I benefit a lot from my loved teacher.His painstaking care and encouragement will influence my whole life.(5)After that，his words have echoed in my ears for many years，and every time I start writing，I will think of my teacher.He taught me how to believe in myself and guided me towards a bright future.2．从个人努力的角度来写(1)From then on，not only did I have a good command of writing，but I also knew the truth—fear never builds the future，but hope does.(2)Only then did I realize that it was bravery and determination that can conquer all the difficulties.Hard work paid off eventually.四、研判故事的语言风格和语言特色阅读文本时，要留意文章使用的主体时态(tense)，还要注意文章使用的句式结构，如三大从句、非谓语动词、强调句型、倒装句式、虚拟语气等，并画线标出，以使续写的内容在语言色彩和行文风格上与所给文章保持一致。读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本知本文的主体时态是一般过去时，续写部分也应该继续使用该时态。文本中运用了以下丰富的句式：1．When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.I said no without thinking.(时间状语从句；非谓语动词)2．Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.No one laughed harder than he did.(动名词作主语；结果状语从句；定语从句；“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级)3．So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail？(定语从句)4．Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.(过去分词短语作状语)5．If I didn’t win，I wouldn’t care.(虚拟语气)由以上句子可知，文本中分词作状语、状语从句、虚拟语气等句式的综合运用使得语言具有一定的丰富性，配合着短句，形成了长短句结合的节奏感。除了这些句式以外，文章还通过对主人公动作链的描写以及心理描写等丰富了细节，刻画了主人公在情感上对待英语写作的转变。续写部分的文风也要延续这些才行。技法二 利用信息，预测后续情节一、根据首句，构建情节框架对所给文本后面的故事情节及故事结尾的推断是写好读后续写的前提。高考所给的读后续写是半开放性的，这种形式既可以让人充分发挥想象力，又能让人有章可循。可以根据下表中的口诀来确定每段要写的内容：根据(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)的第一段所给首句“A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.”再结合第二段首句“I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.”，使用“两段首句定一框”策略，可以推断出续写的第一段应侧重介绍消息的内容，再加上“我”听到消息后的反应(所听、所思等)以及领奖的情景(所见、所听、所思、所做等)。根据第二段首句与正能量的结尾即“二框二首正能量”策略，确定第二段应侧重介绍“我”与老师在办公室里发生的事(所说、所做等)，以及“我”对英语写作态度的转变(所悟)，与前文“我”并不喜欢英语写作形成呼应，最后再点题，表明“我”对老师由衷的感激之情。二、根据首句，写出衔接句续写的几个衔接句即第一段的第二句，第一段的最后一句和第二段的第二句都是得分要点，如图所示：升华句前面已经写出来了，下面是几个衔接句。1．第一段的第二句：第一段所给首句是A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.(几个星期后，当我几乎忘记比赛的时候，传来了消息。)所以接着要写消息的内容，此消息一定和获奖、颁奖有关，再根据续写情感要积极(positive)的原则，应该是获得非常好的奖项，传播此消息的方式可以多样，如电话告知、同学告知、老师宣布等都可以，也可以不提，直接写消息的内容即可。(1)It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.(2)I received a phone call，and it was from the organization that said I had won the grand prize.(3)“You won first prize in the writing contest，” one of my classmates rushed to my desk.(4)The moment I saw my name on the top of the first prize list，surprise and joy occupied my mind.(5)When my teacher walked into the classroom，a shining bright smile was on his face.He had just announced I won first place in the writing contest when everyone surprised in disbelief firstly but then gave me thunderous applause.2．第一段的最后一句：因为第二段的第一句说领奖后“我”去了老师的办公室，所以第一段的最后一句要含有颁奖并提到老师。(1)When the award presentation finished，I felt a mixture of feelings.I wanted to say something to my teacher.(2)With the trophy in one hand and award certificate in the other hand，I threw my eyes at my teacher，who gave me a thumbsup，with his eyes twinkling with pleasure and pride.It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.(3)I explained why I chose this special subject and even acted out onerole play as Revere’s horse on the stage，which made the audience laugh out.In the end，I showed my gratitude to the horse rider—my social studies teacher.(4)Everything went smoothly and I was surrounded by flowers and applause.However，the person with whom I desired to share my joy was my teacher.(5)Patiently and confidently，I told the audience how I once didn’t love writing and now enjoyed writing and how I realized the value of perseverance with the help of my teacher.3．第二段的第二句：第二段所给首句是I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.(颁奖后我去了老师的办公室。)所以接着应该写“我”到办公室后的所见、所说与所做。也可以写“我”走进办公室老师见到“我”的反应。(1)“Thank you very much！” I showed my certificate to him with my eyes watering，“Without you，I couldn’t have done it.”(2)Bathed in the enjoyment，he waved at me and expressed his congratulations.(3)The teacher walked towards me excitedly and gave me a big hug，saying，“Congratulations，boy，and have a seat.”技法三 大胆设问，构思续写细节以上步骤仅仅定出了写作框架，在构思时，还要进行情节扩充，让续写有血有肉。建议大家写“五所”，即所见(环境描写/人物描写/神态描写)、所闻(语言描写)、所说(语言描写)、所思(心理描写)、所做(动作描写)，并对此进行设问，可以有效地丰富续写的主要情节。如：读(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ卷)文本，我们可以对两段内容进行如下设问：第一段：A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.1．How did I get the news?2．What was the news?3．How did I and others feel about the news?4．What did the people around do when hearing the news?5．What did I do then?第二段：I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.1．What was the teacher doing when I entered the teacher’s office?2．What did I say to the teacher?3．How did the teacher feel when hearing my words?4．What did he do and say then?5．How did I feel when hearing the teacher’s words?把以上设问的答案组合起来，再增加一些衔接过渡句，就得到了续写的两段内容。尝试完成续写。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________技法四 遣词造句，精细打磨语言读后续写对语言综合运用能力要求更高。要增添“读后续写”的表达效果，不仅要有词汇量的积累，还要注意避免使用泛泛而谈的词汇，应该多使用具体的词汇使表达更加准确到位。 只有准确、连续的动作和夸张丰富的表情以及细致的心理活动描写，才能让人物栩栩如生！一、善用动作链在读后续写的写作过程中，成功的动作描写可以交代人物的身份、地位，可以反映人物心理活动的进程，也可以表现人物的性格特征。人物的动作或简单或复杂，都不是一下子就能完成的，细心观察才能捕捉到最能体现人物特征的慢镜头。因此，在描写动作时，要学会细化动作，把动作过程分解成一连串细微的动作，形成动作链，写出动作的连贯性，这样才能使描写具有画面感，使人物更立体。动作链有以下结构形式：He stopped the taxi，jumped in with the suitcase and told the driver，“Go to the police station，please.”他拦下了出租车，拿着箱子跳进车里，然后对司机说：“请到警察局去。”The boys rushed to the lake，took off their clothes and jumped into the water.男孩们冲到湖边，脱下衣服跳进水里。The singer glanced at the audience，took a deep breath and began to sing.歌手瞥了一眼观众，深吸了一口气，开始唱歌。She would get off the car excitedly，laughing and dancing around.她会兴奋地下车，又笑又跳。The old man sat under the sunset，reading the newspaper and listening to the radio.老人坐在夕阳下，看着报纸，听着收音机。Having queued for 3 hours，he was told that the ticket had been sold out.排了3个小时的队后，他被告知票已经卖完了。Deeply moved by the story，the children began to cry.孩子们被这个故事深深感动了，哭了起来。Poppy trotted to him and got up on his back legs，trying to lick his old friend.小狗波比小跑到他跟前，站立起来，要舔他的老朋友。Tony rushed to Rose and threw his arms around her tightly without hesitation，wiping tears from her cheeks.托尼毫不犹豫地冲向罗斯，紧紧地抱住她，帮她擦去脸颊上的泪水。二、会用高级句式1．形容词(短语)作状语形容词(短语)在句中作状语，可以表明主语所处的状态。如：Lost in the mountain for two days，these students were finally rescued by the local police.这些学生在山里迷路两天后最终被当地警察救了出来。Speechless and happy，she held her son tightly into her arms，with tears welling up in her eyes.她高兴得说不出话来，紧紧地抱着她的儿子，热泪盈眶。2．非谓语动词巧妙地使用非谓语动词可以使句型更多样化，使文章结构更加紧凑，使文章所表达的含义更加简明。如：Exposed to the truth，I hugged dad in my arms tightly.真相大白后，我紧紧地拥抱了爸爸。I lowered my head with embarrassment，standing there like a fool.我尴尬地低下头，像个傻瓜一样站在那里。Wild with joy，she jumped up，grabbing the blouse and flourishing it while crying.她高兴得跳了起来，一把抓住衬衫，把它拿在手里挥舞着，哭了起来。She made a final effort to cry for some help.Nevertheless，no one would come to save her.Jane walked along the stream，with fear gradually beating her bravery.她做了最后的努力，大声呼救。然而，没有人会来救她。简沿着小溪走着，恐惧渐渐打败了她的勇气。3．with复合结构with复合结构可以丰富句子的内容，其作用一般相当于一个状语从句，可以表示原因、条件、伴随、结果、方式等。如：(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)There was nobody inside.I slipped in and gingerly set the trophy on my teacher’s desk with a note attached，saying，“It’s a glory for both of us！Your inspiration seems a beacon guiding my way ahead.” 里面没有人。我溜进去，小心翼翼地把奖杯放在老师的桌子上，并附上一张纸条，上面写着：“这是我们俩的荣耀！你的鼓舞就像指引我前进的灯塔。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)“Thank you very much！” I showed my certificate to him with my eyes watering.“Without you，I couldn’t have done it.” “非常感谢你！”我把我的证书给他看，眼里流着泪，“没有你，我不可能做到。”(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)On hearing of the unexpected news，she was so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.听到这个意外的消息，她惊讶得目瞪口呆。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)With tears in my eyes I said to him，“I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your timely help.”我含着眼泪对他说：“我要向您表示衷心的感谢，感谢您的及时帮助。”4．独立主格结构独立主格结构的构成为“名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”，其作用相当于一个状语从句。如：I embraced my father without a word，tears streaming.我默默拥抱着父亲，泪流满面。She thought of Tom，memories flooding out as she closed her eyes and recalled the kindness of him.她想起了汤姆，当她闭上眼睛，回忆起他的友善，往事涌上心头。My heart pumping wildly and my blood pulsing through my veins，I pulled back the reins，distracted the horse and tried every means to stop the horse but in vain.我的心在狂跳，血液在静脉中跳动，我拉住缰绳，转移马的注意力，用尽一切办法想让马停下来，但都是徒劳。The boy rushed to the old man’s house，his face covered with sweat.男孩冲到老人家里，满脸是汗。5．复合句常用的复合句有定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。如：(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)I firstly expressed my gratitude to my loved teacher and said，“What you said gave me a great deal of encouragement，which inspired my motivation to writing.I wouldn’t have succeeded without your help.” 我首先对我敬爱的老师表示感谢，并说：“您说的话给了我很大的鼓励，激发了我写作的动力。没有您的帮助，我不可能取得成功。”Eagerly，the twins gazed at their mother，whose eyes were filled with tears of thrill.双胞胎热切地注视着妈妈，她的眼里充满激动的泪水。That’s why Anna was surprised the following day when Bobby had made several ads.这就是第二天鲍比做了几个广告时安娜感到惊讶的原因。Cold and tired though we were，the kids’ smiling faces cheered us up.虽然我们又冷又累，但孩子们的笑脸使我们振奋起来。6．倒装句型为了突出或强调句子中的某个部分，我们可以将其置于句首，形成倒装结构。如：Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.听到狗凶猛的叫声，小偷逃走了。Not only did we lose all our money，but we also lost our way/but also we lost our way.我们不仅丢了所有的钱，还迷了路。Only when you find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能跟别人保持良好的关系。Never had Jane missed Tom so much.Even a quarrel would be sweet now.简从来没有这么想念过汤姆。现在即使是争吵也会是甜蜜的。So tightly did he draw the wolf’s neck against his shoulders that the animal could scarcely breathe and tried in vain to use its teeth.他把狼的脖子紧紧地拉在肩上，以至于狼几乎无法呼吸，让它的牙齿也无法派上用场。7．强调句型强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。如：Martin realized it was not about the quantity of friends but the quality that mattered.马丁意识到重要的不是朋友的数量，而是质量。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.就在那一刻，我对老师充满了感激之情。It was not until then that I came to realize that we should always be honest.直到那时我才意识到我们应该永远诚实。8．虚拟语气在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气；表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。如：If there hadn’t been your help，the boy would have failed in the test.要是没有你的帮助，这个男孩就会在测试中不及格。But for this experience，she wouldn’t have realized that she should spend more time with her family.如果没有这次经历，她就不会意识到她应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。If only I had not made such a stupid mistake.要是我过去没有犯这样一个愚蠢的错误就好了。It’s high time that we focused/should focus our attention on our study.该是我们把注意力集中在学习上的时候了。(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)Without his encouragement，I couldn’t have won the prize.要是没有他的鼓励，我不可能获奖。9．“无灵主语”句“无灵主语”简单理解就是“没有生命”的东西作主语，比如时间、地点、自然现象等。比如My love goes to everybody.中love就是没有生命力的名词，但是go就是有生命力的动词。“无灵主语”的应用大致分为五大类：第一类：主语是表示情感状态的抽象名词这类名词有fear(恐惧)，excitement(兴奋)等。与之对应的动词有seize(突然侵袭，突然控制)，choke(使哽咽)，flood(使大受感动，充满)，creep(不知不觉地产生)，grip(使感兴趣，对……产生强有力的影响)，give way to(被……代替)等。 Panic seized her.她突然惊慌失措。Despair choked her words.她绝望得说不出话来。 A great sense of relief flooded over him.他深感宽慰。A slight feeling of fear slowly crept on him.他慢慢地感到一丝恐惧。I saw the puzzled look in his eyes gave way to sadness.我看见他眼神中的困惑变成了悲伤。第二类：主语是表示时间和地点的名词这类名词有the town(镇)，the following year(第二年)等。与之对应的动词有witness(见证)，see，boast(有引以为荣的事物)等。Beijing has witnessed great changes in recent years.北京见证了最近几年的巨大变化。The following year saw the death of his mother.第二年他的妈妈去世了。The town boasts a beautiful lake.这座小镇引以为荣的是有一片美丽的湖。第三类：主语是表示自然现象的名词这类名词有fog(雾)，earthquake(地震)等。与之对应的动词有blanket(覆盖)，come，bring，prevent，strike(袭击)，hit，threaten 等。The thick fog blanketed the field.浓雾笼罩着整个大地。An earthquake came like a thief in the night，without warning.地震出乎意料地到来，没有任何警示。The rain prevented tourists from enjoying the full moon.雨使得游客无法欣赏到满月。第四类：主语是表示身体部位和音容的名词这类名词有face(脸)，laughter(笑声)等。与之对应的动词有light up(照亮；露出喜色)，brighten(照亮)，linger(继续存留)，well up(涌出)，flash(掠过；突然显露)等。Her face lit up/brightened when I gave her the present.我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩。Laughter lingered around the room.笑声在房间里萦绕。When he saw the familiar handwriting，tears welled up in his eyes.当看到熟悉的字迹时，他热泪盈眶。Her eyes flashed with anger.她的眼中闪出怒火。第五类：主语是表示行为和动作的名词这类名词有sight，thought，glance，look，idea，feeling等。与之对应的动词有strike(突然想到；让……觉得)，arouse(唤起)，remind，fill，delight，frighten，overwhelm(压倒；满溢)等。A terrible thought suddenly struck me.我突然有一个可怕的想法。The sight of the scene filled me with horror.看到这个情景我心中充满了恐惧。A glance along his bookshelves arouses my interest in reading.扫一眼他的书架就激发我读书的兴趣。His frightening look frightened all the boys away.他那可怕的样子把所有的男孩都吓跑了。The good idea of solving the problem delighted all of us present at the meeting.解决这个问题的好主意使出席会议的我们都很高兴。Overwhelmed by the feeling of excitement，Catalina nodded and began to assist the astronomer.卡塔琳娜非常兴奋，她点了点头，开始帮助那位天文学家。三、巧用修辞手法无论是在汉语还是在英语中，修辞都是一门具有独特魅力的艺术。在读后续写中，恰当地运用修辞手法可以使平淡的语言变得鲜活、生动，从而增强文章的表现力，也有助于获得高分。较为常用的修辞手法有比喻和拟人两种。1．比喻比喻是根据事物之间的相似点，把某一事物比作另一事物，从而把抽象的事物说得具体、形象，把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白。常见的比喻形式有明喻和暗喻两种。(1)明喻通常是把被比喻的“本体”和用以比喻的“喻体”同时说出，说明本体事物像喻体事物。它是最简单、最常见的一种修辞手法，其常见的标志词有like，as，as if，as though等。Jenny couldn’t resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird.(情感描写)珍妮控制不住内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。The scenery along the journey is just like a breathtaking landscape painting.(景物描写)沿途的风景就像一幅令人叹为观止的山水画。The icy wind started howling，cutting my face like a sharp knife.(环境描写)寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛了我的脸。The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day.(情感描写)她脸上的笑容和夏天的太阳一样充满活力。I reached out to touch her face，which was as cold as the ice.(人物描写)我伸手去摸她的脸，她的脸像冰一样凉。Her hair grew greyer and greyer，as if (it had been) covered with snow and frost.(肖像描写)她的头发越来越白了，简直像盖了一头皑皑的霜雪。(2)暗喻与明喻不同，暗喻不通过比喻词表现出来，而是直接将一种事物当成另一种事物来描写，此时两种事物之间的联系和相似之处都是暗含的。暗喻较明喻而言更加简洁，也更加生动、深刻，表现力强。Her hair was a golden river streaming down her shoulders.(肖像描写)她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。The beautiful park was a scented carpet of color.(景物描写)那个美丽的公园就像一块芬芳的彩色地毯。I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.(情感描写)我喉头哽咽，泪水湿润了眼眶。The boy wolfed down the food.(动作描写)这个男孩狼吞虎咽地吃完了食物。2．拟人拟人就是把事物人格化，它既能生动形象地写出某事物的某个特点，又使事物具有拟人化后特有的具象效果。The breeze gently kissed her cheeks.(环境描写)微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸颊。The feathery snowflakes danced in the night air，making a beautiful picture.(景物描写)鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，构成了一幅美丽的图画。Immediately，an absolute darkness ruled the forest.(环境描写)顷刻间，一片黑暗统治了森林。Fear seized/swallowed him.(情感描写)恐惧把他吞噬了。Anger choked my words.(情感描写)我气得说不出话来。A good idea suddenly struck me.(心理描写)我突然想到一个好主意。Ⅰ.翻译句子1．珍妮如释重负，把真相告诉了大家。(形容词作状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．简感到害怕和无助，坐在一棵树旁，用胳膊抱着自己的肩膀取暖。(非谓语动词作状语)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．他们拥抱、亲吻，泪水顺着脸颊流淌下来。(with复合结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．“我……我不知道。”他结结巴巴地说，他的声音因恐惧而颤抖。(独立主格)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．如果她没有和汤姆吵架，他们在湖边就会玩得很开心。(虚拟语气)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．妈妈紧紧地拥抱这对双胞胎，他们的脸兴奋得通红。(定语从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．因为他一直说想要与世人分享他的画，我知道必须做什么。(名词性从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．我感谢他，说他不仅用手艺补好了我的衬衫，还用体育精神补好了我的梦想。(倒装结构)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9．就在那一刻，我对老师充满了感激之情。(强调句结构；overwhelm)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10．一种冰冷的感觉涌上他的心头，使他发抖。(无灵主语句；creep)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11．沉浸在欢乐里，吉米像一只自由的小鸟一般冲出了校门。(比喻句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12．看到这绝美景色，我想我身体里的每一个细胞都苏醒了。(拟人句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.短文续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Molly and her husband Rex ran a used bookstore in a small town.People，mostly kids，came here to read books，sell books and buy books.The morning had been full of rain，and passersby were walking with narrow eyes under umbrellas.Molly rested both her hands on the counter and leaned(倾斜)forward to watch the world outside in the rain while Rex was busy sorting out books on the bookshelves.Rick，who sat on the floor burying himself in reading a hardback illustrated book，was the only customer in such a rainy day.Rick was a regular customer to the bookstore and he never sold a book or bought a book.He just read books.“Can you keep this book for me？” Molly heard a shy voice and looked down to find it was little Rick that stood before the counter，holding the illustrated book and asked.“Sure！” Molly nodded encouragingly.But the uncertainty remained on Rick’s face.“I’ll be back really soon.Promise.Tomorrow if I can.” Molly nodded to him as seriously as she was treating an adult.Molly wanted to ask him if there was anything difficult，but she kept silent.Anyway，she put the illustrated book in a drawer in case anyone else would take it.Most of the secondhand books in her store were unique.If it was sold，she would fail to keep her promise.Rick didn’t return the following day，or the day after that.Molly was somehow disappointed.Rex suggested placing the illustrated book on the bookshelf so that others could read it or take it.In Rex’s opinion，children made promises all the time and they promised all kinds of things.When they came to a store and was attracted by something，they promised to come back and they asked the shopkeeper not to let anyone else take the things they wanted away.It happened all the time.注意：续写词数应为150个左右。But Molly insisted that they should wait and keep the book.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rick pushed the door open and rushed to the counter holding his money box._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 文本6要素(5W＋1H)文本内容Who(人物)my social studies teacher and IWhen(时间)when I was in middle schoolWhere(地点)in my schoolWhat(事件)My social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest.Why(起因)Encouraged by his words，I agreed to give it a try.How(结果)续写中介绍两段首句定一框 即根据两段所给首句来确定第一段的框架二框二首正能量 即第二段的框架由第二段的首句和正能量结尾来确定·动作A＋B＋and＋C·句子＋ing·句子＋having done·句子＋ed ·句子谓语连动＋ing
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