上外版 (2020)必修 第三册Unit 1 Road to Success优秀单元测试随堂练习题

这是一份上外版 (2020)必修 第三册Unit 1 Road to Success优秀单元测试随堂练习题，共20页。试卷主要包含了用单词的适当形式完成短文，选用适当的单词或短语补全短文，完形填空，阅读理解，六选四，概要写作，汉译英，图画作文等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Almst every kid has, at ne time r anther, eaten a Hershey chclate bar. But did yu knw that the funder f the chclate empire, Miltn Hershey, ____1____ (taste) lts f failure befre he ever enjyed the flavr f success?
In 1872 at age 14, Miltn tk a jb at Ryer’s Ice Cream Parlr in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Miltn tk what he learned frm Mr. Ryer’s shp and set ff at age 19 fr Philadelphia, ____2____ he started his first cmpany, Spring Garden Cnfectinary Wrks. He lved t experiment with candy recipes and sn came up ____3____ a sft, chewy caramel (焦糖) that prved t be a big hit.
Things went well fr the cmpany fr a while, but Miltn increasingly fund it hard ____4____ (struggle) with emerging cmpetitin. In the year he turned 24, the Spring Garden Cnfectinary Wrks went bankrupt. If failure is the best teacher, yung Miltn Hershey ____5____ argue that he had earned a dctrate (博士学位).
His next stp was Denver, fllwed by Chicag and New Yrk. Hwever, his businesses in these cities all ended up in bankruptcy. Sme peple in the same situatin might have given up, changed prfessins, r simply fund a jb wrking fr smebdy else. Nt Miltn Hershey. He went back t Lancaster and prepared t give it ne mre try by ____6____ (frm) a new enterprise — the Lancaster Caramel Cmpany.
This time, Miltn gt it right. Having learned much frm his ____7____ (early) mistakes, Miltn and his new cmpany develped quickly. He became a ____8____ (respect) businessman, emplying hundreds f peple by the time the Clumbian Expsitin in Chicag was held in 1893.
____9____ the Expsitin clsed, Miltn arranged t buy the entire exhibit, factry and all. He had made his mney in caramels but decided that the future was in chclate.
Miltn was never cncerned abut bankruptcy again. He died in 1945 at the age f 86, belved by chclate lvers arund the wrld. He was t chclate _____10_____ Henry Frd was t autmbiles and Steve Jbs was t cmputers. He revlutinized a luxury fr the few int a treat fr the masses.
二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
One f the greatest stries f rags t riches success is that f Andrew Carnegie, wh started life in pverty but became the richest man in the wrld. Carnegie was brn in Sctland in 1837, the sn f a weaver. In 1848, the family mved t the United States and at 13 Carnegie began wrk in a cttn mill, earning $1.5 per week. Abut three years later, he fund a better jb as a telegraph messenger by. At wrk, his superirs (上级) were ____11____ by his abilities and willingness t wrk hard. In 1853, he ____12____ an ffice jb at the Pennsylvania Railrad Cmpany. This was his first big break. He cntinued t impress and rse ____13____ thrugh the cmpany, gaining mre and mre respnsibility. At the same time, Carnegie lved reading very much and made use f every ____14____ t visit the library. He read ____15____ n all subjects, particularly literature.
Carnegie nw began t save a little mney and, with the help f his emplyer, began t make sme successful investments. He invested in the irn industry and eventually ____16____ up in business himself, wning several irn and steel plants. This was where he made his ____17____. By the 1890s, the Carnegie Steel Cmpany was the biggest and mst prfitable business in the wrld.
Carnegie had always believed that the pursuit f wealth was never an end in itself. In his view, successful, wealthy peple shuld re-distribute their wealth fr the ____18____ f everyne in sciety. True t his wrd, in 1901, at the age f 66, he retired frm business and ____19____ the rest f his life t charity wrk.
Carnegie’s ____20____ f frmal educatin and his pr family backgrund clearly didn’t put barriers in the way f success. His rapid rise frm pverty t wealth was due t his willingness t wrk hard, his intelligence and gd business sense, and his talent fr making things happen. He died in 1919 at the age f 83.
三、完形填空
Bransn was brn in Lndn in 1950. He drpped ut f schl at the age f 16 and started a magazine called Student, but the magazine never made mney.
Then Bransn began ____21____ his next idea: selling mail rder albums at discunted price. It rapidly became a mre ____22____ business than the magazine itself. Virgin was then ____23____. It was named “Virgin” because nne f the ____24____ had been in business befre.
In 1973, Mike Oldfield, the first Virgin artist ____25____ an album called Tubular Bells that became an internatinal success. Since then, many husehld names, ____26____ Phil Cllins and the Rlling Stnes, have helped t make Virgin Music ne f the tp recrd cmpanies in the wrld.
Over the next six years, Bransn started ver fifty different cmpanies encmpassing (涵括) everything frm filmmaking t air cnditiner cleaning. Thugh he was making a really huge frtune, Bransn ____27____ that mney is nt the mtivatin behind his ____28____ in s many businesses. Rather, he enjys ____29____ t d smething mre effectively than thse wh have tried befre him.
In 1984, Bransn started Virgin Atlantic Airlines. Bransn _____30_____ discuraging cmments that tld him he culd never _____31_____ with British Airways and carried n with his visin. Surprisingly, Virgin was immediately _____32_____ fr its service and luxury (奢华).
Bransn has had the name f Virgin _____33_____ t mre than 200 different cmpanies. He is knwn fr unusual business practices (n central headquarters, n bard meeting, and he can’t even _____34_____ a cmputer), his shwy publicity stunts (惊人的行为) (like driving a tank int Times Square), and his adventurus explits (he was the first persn t crss the Atlantic in a ht air balln).
Bransn keeps _____35_____ f the future. In discussing the prspect f starting a shuttle service int space, Bransn has said, “Why nt? It’s virgin territry. ”
21．A．finishingB．abandningC．discussingD．marketing
22．A．expensiveB．cmplicatedC．prfitableD．beneficial
23．A．prducedB．builtC．fundedD．set ut
24．A．staffB．emplyersC．albumsD．wrkers
25．A．managedB．cllectedC．releasedD．freed
26．A．withB．includingC．speciallyD．despite
27．A．pintsB．demandsC．warnsD．emphasizes
28．A．invlvementB．expectatinC．investigatinD．absrptin
29．A．failingB．intendingC．experimentingD．attempting
30．A．ignredB．admittedC．invitedD．criticized
31．A．cnquerB．cmpeteC．winD．defeat
32．A．purchasedB．recgnizedC．cmplimentedD．frgtten
33．A．fixedB．remvedC．accessedD．painted
34．A．understandB．perateC．assembleD．cperate
35．A．dreamingB．cmplainingC．planningD．basting
四、阅读理解
A
Cecilia Chiang, the chef and restaurant wner, was greatly knwn fr intrducing reginal Chinese dishes t the United States. She helped change the way Americans think abut Chinese cking.
Chiang was brn int a wealthy Shanghai family with tw full-time chefs—ne frm the nrth and ne frm the suth. In 1949 her family settled in Tky, pening a restaurant called the Frbidden City. But it was a 1960 trip in San Francisc that set Chiang n her dramatic jurney t cking fame. She was bth shcked and amused by the fd mst Americans cnsidered t be Chinese. “They think chp suey(杂烩) is the nly thing we have in China,” she said with a laugh. “ What a shame.”
S Chiang was determined t pen a high-end Chinese restaurant that served authentic Chinese fd. “Everybdy said, ‘Yu cannt make it. Yu cannt speak English. Yu dn’t knw anything.’” she recalled. In 1961 then, Chiang pened the Mandarin.
The restaurant wasn’t immediately successful. Abut a year after pening, the Mandarin received a mentin frm the San Francisc Chrnicle (旧金山纪事报). The effect f the pwerful writer’s psitive cmment was immediate. Turists, dignitaries and celebrities(达官显贵)—frm Mae West t Jhn Lennn—flded int the Mandarin fr then -unfamiliar fd like tea smked duck twice cked prk.
Thugh the Mandarin was clsed years later, Cecilia Chiang’s DNA can be fund all ver American Chinese fd. Her sn funded the chain P.F. Chang’s and the sn f ne f her chefs funded Panda Express.
In early 2017, Chiang shared hw she lived t be s ld: “I always think abut the better side, the gd side f everything. I never think abut, Oh, I’m ging t fail. Oh, I cannt d this. Oh, I feel srry fr myself.” Instead, Chiang wrte bks, starred in a PBS dcumentary series and wn the mst famus award in American cking when she was 93 years ld.
36．Cecilia Chiang pened the Mandarin in rder t ________.
A．remember her 1960 trip in San Francisc
B．Serve real Chinese fd t the Americans
C．Shw her shck and amusement twards fd
D．Cntinue her family traditin f running restaurants
37．What d we knw abut the Mandarin?
A．It is in the charge f Chiang’s sn nw.
B．It wasn’t successful until tw years later.
C．It turned ut pretty ppular amng Americans.
D．It changed the way Americans think abut China.
38．Which f the fllwing best describes Cecilia Chiang?
A．Talented and active.
B．Ambitius and selfless.
C．Optimistic and creative.
D．Psitive and determined.
B
Alibaba c-funder and chairman Jack Ma n Mnday annunced in an pen letter that he wuld step dwn, with the cmpany CEO Daniel Zhang taking ver as the chairman f the bard. Zhang, is knwn as a key architect f Alibaba’s “Singles Day”, the Nv. 11 event that has becme the wrld’s largest nline shpping event. In the letter entitled “Happy Teachers’ Day,” Ma said he wuld retire as the chairman f the bard n Sept. 10, 2019. Ma said he wuld wrk clsely with Zhang t ensure a smth transitin and stay n the Alibaba bard f directrs until the annual sharehlders meeting in tw years. After he steps dwn, he will cntinue t be part f the “Alibaba Partnership”, which has the ability t nminate the majrity f directrs n the cmpany’s bard. He als wants t return t educatin and charity, which gives him excitement and blessings.
“There’s nly Bill Gates wh has dne the same. N ther tech funder in the wrld has just resigned like that at the tp,” said Rupert Hgewerf, which publishes an annual influential list f China’s richest peple. Hgewerf added that in China, Ma was a figure like n ther, with friends ranging frm mvie stars t billinaires, thugh he ften utshne them all. “He’s the big ne, he’s the ne that brings them tgether.”
The cmpany was funded at a time when the industry was still dminated by state-wned firms and entrepreneurship was seen as a risky career path. Alibaba, previusly recgnized as an n-line shpping cmpany, als has investments in sprts cntent, micrchips and facial recgnitin technlgy and has been psitining itself as a serius player in clud cmputing. Mr. Ma said in the letter, “The ne thing I can prmise everyne is this: Alibaba was never abut Jack Ma, but Jack Ma will frever belng t Alibaba.”
39．What d we learn abut Abibaba frm this passage?
A．It was funded by Jack Ma alne.
B．It is nthing mre than an n-line shpping cmpany.
C．It was funded at the time when private-wned firms was in a minrity.
D．Its sharehlders meeting hlds twice a year.
40．What can we infer frm paragraph 2?
A．Hgewerf speaks highly f Jack Ma’s firm.
B．Bill Gates and Jack Ma have a lt in cmmn.
C．Other than stars and billinaires, Jack Ma makes few friends.
D．Jack Ma is an influential persn t unite his friends.
41．Jack Ma will d the fllwing things after stepping dwn except________.
A．Helping peple in need.
B．Ensuring the cmpany’s transitin.
C．Educatin career.
D．Suggesting candidates fr the bard.
42．What’s the best title fr this passage?
A．The Brief Intrductin f Jack Ma
B．Daniel Zhang t Take Over Alibaba
C．Alibaba’s Develpment
D．Jack Ma t Step Dwn as Alibaba’s Head
C
While Issey Miyake’s black turtlenecks are well knwn because f their cnnectin with frmer Apple CEO Steve Jbs, the influence that the famus Japanese designer had n Apple culd have been even larger, with Jbs first wanting Miyake t create a unifrm fr all Apple emplyees.
Miyake died frm liver cancer at age 84 n Aug. 5. As the news f his death has spread, many are revisiting the designer’s wrk, including his cnnectin t Jbs.
In his bigraphy (传记) f Jbs, authr Walter Isaacsn details hw the great man fund himself in the cmpany f Miyake as Jbs was attracted t the Japanese style. Isaacsn details hw the idea fr an Apple unifrm came frm a trip t Japan in the 1980s when Jbs visited Sny and saw that all wrkers in the factries were wearing matching unifrms. Jbs asked Aki Mrita, then the chairman f Sny, abut it.
“He lked very ashamed and tld me that after the war, n ne had any clthes, and cmpanies like Sny had t give their wrkers smething t wear each day.” Jbs said.
Miyake had wrked with Sny t create a brwnish-grey nyln jacket that easily turned int a vest (背心) curtesy f remvable sleeves. Isaacsn wrte that the unifrms became part f Sny’s “signature (签名) style” and it became a way f cnnecting wrkers t the cmpany. “I decided that I wanted that type f cnnectin fr Apple.” Jbs said, “S I called Issey and asked him t design a vest fr Apple. I came back with sme samples and tld everyne it wuld be great if we wuld all wear these vests. Oh man, I get bed ff the stage. Everybdy hated the idea.”
An Apple unifrm frm Miyake wasn’t meant t be, but it pened the dr t a friendship between Miyake and Jbs and finally a unifrm fr Jbs himself that included Miyake’s black turtlenecks and Levi’s 501 classic fit jeans.
43．What makes Miyake knwn t the public?
A．His designing wrk.B．His cnnectin t Jbs.
C．His influence n Apple.D．His interest in a unifrm.
44．Which f the fllwing is included in Isaacsn’s bigraphy?
A．When Miyake died frm liver cancer.
B．Why Jbs favred the Japanese style.
C．Hw the idea f an Apple unifrm came.
D．What Jbs saw in Japan’s Apple Cmpany.
45．What leads t Jbs’s idea f Apple unifrm?
A．A vest turned int a jacket.
B．A detail f visiting a Japanese cmpany.
C．A way f wearing these vests.
D．A signature frm a Japanese cmpany.
46．What des the authr think f Miyake’s Apple unifrm?
A．It makes Miyake and Jbs becme friends.
B．It shuld be designed fr Jbs.
C．It prves the friendship between peple.
D．It cnnects Apple with Sny.
五、六选四
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Jeff Bezs Reveals His N. 1 Leadership Secret
Amazn has reached what its funder and CEO Jeff Bezs called "an interesting milestne.” The retailing giant s highly assciated with bks and then music and vide, nw has tens f millins f prducts in stck and a majrity are nn-media gds, frm drills t tennis balls t almst anything else that can be shipped.
_____47_____ The 48-year-ld has fficially transfrmed Amazn, which he funded in 1994, frm an nline bkstre that sells ther stuff t a retailer---and business services prvider---that nce sld mstly bks. Amazn's stck is up 397 percent in the last five years.
S, what's behind the success f the wrld’s largest nline retailer? _____48_____ Bezs regularly leaves ne seat pen at meetings and infrms all attendees that they shuld cnsider that seat ccupied by their custmer---the mst imprtant persn in the rm.
Always trying t find ut what custmers want, Bezs is even stricter abut that custmers dn’t want. They hate delays, defects and ut-f-stck prducts, s the cmpany cnstantly lks t make them as rare as pssible. _____49_____ Amazn data shw that a 0.1 secnd delay in page lading can translate int a ne percent drp in custmer activity.
But great custmer service desn’t fully explain Amazn's extrardinary success. Fr Bezs, a data driven custmer fcus encurages him t take risks t innvate. Amazn's kindle, fr example, came int being because Bezs believed millins wuld want an e-bk reader that culd dwnlad any bk within 60 secnds. _____50_____ Engineers were free t slve technical challenges as they saw fit, nly needing t make it right fr cnsumers.
Efficiency ---- cheapness, in the eyes f Amazn’s critics---is als an imprtant part f the Amazn culture. In fact, Bezs likes the tw. In 2009, Bezs declared that Amazn had begun fighting against waste. The mre he culd get rid f needless csts, the easier it wuld be t deliver rck-bttm prices t custmers.
A．That turning pint might be Bezs' greatest accmplishment
B．Amazn executives wuld tell yu: the empty chair, the internal nickname f the figure that rule their lives.
C．Bezs culd have dne it earlier but he tk ver twenty years t cmpete that target
D．Even the tiniest delay in lading a web-page isn’t insignificant
E．Custmers d enjy quick delivery, quality prducts and great after-sales service.
F．He set that target withut getting pinned dwn by technical issues.
六、概要写作
51．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize in n mre than 60 wrds the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
The Paper Architect
Fr a lng time, Zaha Hadid was knwn as “the paper architect,” smene whse grand designs never left the page t becme real buildings. But in recent years her buildings have sprung up like mushrms all ver the wrld: the Guangzhu Opera Huse in China, a car factry in Germany, a cntemprary art museum in Rme, a transprtatin museum in Sctland, and the Aquatics Center fr the 2012 Olympics in Lndn.
Pinning dwn her individual style is difficult. Certainly Hadid has been influenced by the mdem trend in architecture that likes t play with the traditinal shape f buildings and fragment (分解) them, creating unpredictable angles and surfaces. Wrking in this way, she and her fellw architects have prduced sme spaceship-like structures that seem t g against the nrmal laws f engineering.
The idea f ffering the viewer multiple perspectives frm within the building is a theme that runs thrugh Hadid’s wrk. Her mst famus building, MAXXI—a museum fr the 21st century— in Rme, is a great example. It is a cmplex and spectacular structure f interlcking cncrete shapes. Inside spaces intercnnect Tike winding streets, s that the visitr is surprised and charmed at each turn. The Rsenthal Center in Cincinnati prduces a similar effect. Like an extensin f the street it sits n, it draws yu in, with walkways directing yu this way and that, and windws inviting yu t sample the view. “It’s abut prmenading” says Hadid, “being able t pause, t lk ut, lk abve, lk sideways.”
S what inspires smene like Hadid t prduce such different buildings? She speaks in cmplimentary terms abut the wrk f her cntempraries. She als cites the natural landscape and rganic gelgical patterns as an influence. But it is nt a questin that she seems t cncerned with and nr perhaps shuld we be. Hadid is an artist, sharing with us her visin f what buildings shuld be like and always, as she des s, trying t keep human interests—ur interests as users and viewers—at heart.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
七、汉译英
52．她能感觉到愤怒在她心中酝酿。
___________________________________________________________________________
53．当我进来时，我看到他坐在沙发上陷入了深思。(过去分词作状语)
___________________________________________________________________________
54．每天都有这么多人用英语交流，掌握好英语将变得越来越重要。(with复合结构)
___________________________________________________________________________
55．有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。(find＋宾＋宾补)
___________________________________________________________________________
八、图画作文
56．Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
请写一篇短文，文章必须包括：
1.描述图片
2.就“低头族(phubbing)”这一现象谈谈你的看法
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A．pprtunity B．set C．devted D．widely E. frtune
F. gained G. lack H. benefit I. rapidly J. put K. impressed
参考答案
1．had tasted 2．where 3．with 4．t struggle 5．culd 6．frming 7．earlier 8．respected 9．When ##After 10．what## as
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了巧克力帝国创始人弥尔顿·好时的创业经历。
1．考查动词时态。句意：但你知道巧克力帝国的创始人弥尔顿·好时在享受成功的味道之前已经尝过很多失败的滋味吗？分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据befre he ever enjyed the flavr f success可知，此处动作发生在过去的过去，应使用过去完成时。故填had tasted。
2．考查定语从句。句意：弥尔顿带着他从罗耶先生的商店里学到的东西，在19岁时启程前往费城，在那里他创办了自己的第一家公司——春园糖果厂。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是Philadelphia，在从句中作地点状语，应由关系副词where引导。故填where。
3．考查介词。句意：他喜欢尝试糖果食谱，很快就想出了一种柔软、耐嚼的焦糖，并大受欢迎。根据空前动词cme up和空后名词caramel可知，此处是固定短语cme up with“提出，想出”。故填with。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司在一段时间内进展顺利，但弥尔顿越来越发现很难与新兴的竞争作斗争。分析句子结构，根据形式宾语it及形容词hard可知，设空处应用不定式t d作句中真正的宾语。故填t struggle。
5．考查情态动词。句意：如果失败是最好的老师，年轻的弥尔顿·好时可能会争辩说他已经获得了博士学位。根据空后动词argue可知，设空处应用情态动词。分析句子结构，that引导宾语从句，且从句中时态为过去完成时，设空处应用一般过去时，结合句意，表示对过去的可能性进行推测，应用情态动词culd。故填culd。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：他回到Lancaster，准备再试一次，组建一家新公司——Lancaster焦糖公司。根据介词by可知，设空处应用动名词，作宾语。故填frming。
7．考查形容词比较级。句意：从他早期的错误中吸取了很多教训，弥尔顿和他的新公司发展迅速，他成为了一名受人尊重的商人。根据前文“Having learned much frm”可知，弥尔顿是从早期的错误中积累经验，设空处应用比较级形式，early是形容词，意为“早期的”，其比较级形式是earlier。故填earlier。
8．考查形容词。句意：从他早期的错误中吸取了很多教训，弥尔顿和他的新公司发展迅速，他成为了一名受人尊重的商人。设空处应用形容词，修饰名词businessman，作定语。respect是动词，意为“尊重”，其形容词形式为respected。故填respected。
9．考查时间状语从句。句意：当博览会关闭时（博览会闭幕后），弥尔顿安排购买了整个展品，工厂和所有展品。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导时间状语从句。结合句意，（当博览会关闭时）博览会闭幕过后，弥尔顿进行的一系列动作，应用when或after引导。设空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填When或After。
10．考查比较状语从句。句意：他对于巧克力的影响，就像亨利·福特对汽车和史蒂夫·乔布斯对电脑的影响一样。分析句子可知，设空处应用连词引导比较状语从句。固定句型A is t B what /as C is t D意为“A之于B犹如C之于D”。故填what或as。
11．K 12．F 13．I 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．E 18．H 19．C 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了卡耐基通过自己的努力从贫穷成为成功人士的故事
11．考查过去分词。句意：在工作中，他的能力和努力工作的意愿给他的上司留下了深刻的印象。were impressed by表示“对某事印象深刻”，K. impressed“印象深刻”，故选K。
12．考查动词时态。句意：1853年，他在宾夕法尼亚铁路公司得到了一份办公室工作。根据“ This was his first big break. ”可知，这是他获得的第一份工作，in 1853提示，应用一般过去时，F. gained“获得”，故选F。
13．考查副词。句意：他继续给人留下深刻印象，在公司里迅速晋升，承担越来越多的责任。根据“gaining mre and mre respnsibility”可知，他快速升职， I. rapidly“快速地”，故选 I 。
14．考查名词。句意：与此同时，卡内基非常喜欢阅读，并利用一切机会去图书馆。make use f表示“利用”，根据“visit the library”可知，利用机会去图书馆，A.pprtunity“机会”，故选A。
15．考查副词。句意：他博览群书，尤其是文学。根据“n all subjects”可知，这是广泛阅读，D. widely“广泛地”，故选D。
16．考查过去分词。句意：他投资了钢铁行业，并最终建立了自己的企业，拥有几家钢铁厂。set up表示“建立”，是固定短语，B. set“设立”，故选B。
17．考查名词。句意：这就是他发迹的地方。根据“the biggest and mst prfitable business”可知，这是赚取财富， E. frtune“财富”，故选E。
18．考查名词。句意：在他看来，成功的富人应该为了社会上每个人的利益重新分配他们的财富。根据“the rest f his life t charity wrk.”可知，这是做对大家有好处的事， H. benefit“好处”，故选H。
19．考查过去分词。句意：1901年，66岁的他信守诺言，从商界退休，将余生奉献给慈善事业。devte life t smething表示“致力于做某事”and表示并列，都用一般过去时， C. devted“致力于”，故选C。
20．考查名词。句意：卡耐基缺乏正规教育和贫穷的家庭背景显然没有成为他成功的障碍。根据“didn’t put barriers”可知，缺乏教育没有成为障碍，G. lack“缺乏”，故选G。
21．D 22．C 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．A
【导语】本篇是一篇记叙文。介绍了Bransn的创业历史。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bransn开始推销他的下一个想法：以折扣价出售邮购专辑。A. finishing完成；B. abandning放弃；C. discussing讨论；D. marketing推销。根据下文“selling mail rder albums at discunted price”（以折扣价出售邮购专辑）可知，Bransn是要去把他的想法变成现实，是做一个生意，推销自己的想法，故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它迅速成为了一种比杂志更赚钱的生意。A. expensive昂贵的；B. cmplicated复杂的；C. prfitable有利润的；D. beneficial有利的。根据后文“Virgin was then funded”（维珍也就在那个时候被建立了）可知，Bransn开创了维珍公司，说明在他做这个生意的时候，他赚钱了、获得利润了，故选C。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：维珍也就在那个时候被建立了。A. prduced生产；B. built建造；C. funded建立；D. set ut出发。根据后文“Bransn has had the name f Virgin fixed t mre than 200 different cmpanies.”（Bransn把维珍这个名字扩展到超过200家不同的公司。）可知，Virgin这个名字是公司的名字，那么公司应该是被创立，故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它被命名为维珍是因为在成功之前一个上班的员工都没有。A. staff职员；B. emplyers老板；C. albums专辑；D. wrkers工人。根据后文“the first Virgin artist”（第一位维珍艺术家）以及“virgin”（原始的）可知，这个公司刚刚开始是没有员工的，而这里是公司，不是表示工厂，所以排除D，故选A。
25．考查动词和副词词义辨析。句意：在1973年，第一位维珍艺术家Mike Oldfield发行了第一部专辑Tubular Bells并获得全球成功。A. managed管理；B. cllected收集；C. released发布、发行；D. freed释放。根据下文“an album”（专辑）可知，专辑应该是被发行的，故选C。
26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：自从那以后，许多家喻户晓的名字包括Phil Cllins和the Rlling Stnes已经帮助并使得维珍音乐成为世界上顶尖的唱片公司。A. with和；B. including包括；C. specially特别的；D. despite尽管。根据上文“many husehld names”（许多家喻户晓的名字）以及之后的具体名字Phil Cllins和the Rlling Stnes可知，这里是举例子，所以应该是包括，故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管他赚了很多的钱，但是Bransn强调钱不是他做这么多生意的动力。A. pints指出；B. demands要求；C. warns警告；D. emphasizes强调。根据上文“Thugh he was making a really huge frtune”（尽管他赚了很多的钱）可知，Bransn确实赚了很多钱，而这句话是让步状语从句，后面表示转折，所以这里是想要表达相反意思，所以要突出，强调，故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他赚了很多的钱，但是Bransn强调钱不是他做这么多生意的动力。A. invlvement卷入、参与；B. expectatin期待；C. investigatin调查；D. absrptin吸收。根据前文“Bransn started ver fifty different cmpanies encmpassing everything frm filmmaking t air cnditiner cleaning”（Bransn创立了超过50家公司，涵括了从电影制作到空调清洗几乎所有事情）可知，Bransn有很多公司，参与很多商业，故选A。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，他享受尝试把一些之前别人尝试做过的事情做的更好的过程。A. failing失败；B. intending打算；C. experimenting实验；D. attempting尝试。由下文“thse wh have tried befre him”（在他之前做过尝试的人）可知，Bransn是想要尝试超越别人尝试过的事情，故选D。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bransn不管那些告诉他，他永远没办法和英国航空公司相抗衡的负面评论，继续实施他的抱负。A. ignred忽略；B. admitted承认；C. invited邀请；D. criticized批评。根据前文“Bransn started Virgin Atlantic Airlines”（Bransn开创了维珍大西洋航空公司）可知，Bransn最终还是创立了这个公司，而这里说的是“discuraging cmments”（不好的评论），所以应该是忽略了这些不好的评论，故选A。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bransn不管那些告诉他，他永远没办法和英国航空公司相抗衡的负面评论，继续实施他的抱负。A. cnquer征服；B. cmpete竞争；C. win赢；D. defeat击败。根据下文“British Airways”（英国航空公司）可知，Bransn创立的航空公司需要和已经有的航空公司进行竞争，故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：惊喜的是，维珍立即由于它的服务和奢华而被认可。A. purchased购买；B. recgnized认可；C. cmplimented赞美；D. frgtten忘记。根据上文“Surprisingly”（令人惊喜的是）可知，Bransn创立的公司成功了，由于它的服务和奢华被人们认可了，故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bransn把维珍这个名字扩展到超过200家不同的公司。A. fixed安装；B. remved移除；C. accessed接近；D. painted画画。根据本处语境可知，Virgin这个名字被用在了200多家公司，固定搭配fix t译为“把……装在……上”,故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他因为他不同寻常的商业行为而出名（没当过核心领导，没开过董事会议，他甚至不会操作电脑）。A. understand理解；B. perate操作；C. assemble相似；D. cperate合作。根据本句“n central headquarters, n bard meeting”（没当过核心领导，没开过董事会议）以及单词even (甚至)表示递增，说明Bransn有很多不会的，也不会操作电脑，故选B。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他继续展望着未来。A. dreaming梦想；B. cmplaining抱怨；C. planning计划；D. basting夸耀。根据后文“Bransn has said, “Why nt? It’s virgin territry. ””（Bransn说：“为什么不呢？那是一个新的领域”）可知，Bransn继续在追逐新的梦想，故选A。
36．B 37．C 38．D
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Cecilia Chiang在美国创业开中菜馆获得成功，改变了美国人过去对中国菜的刻板印象并使中国菜在美国风靡的故事。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“S Chiang was determined t pen a high-end Chinese restaurant that served authentic Chinese fd.(Chiang决定开设一家高档中餐馆，提供正宗的中餐)”由此可知，Cecilia Chiang开设Mandarin餐馆是为了向美国人提供真正的中国菜。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The restaurant wasn’t immediately successful. Abut a year after pening, the Mandarin received a mentin frm the San Francisc Chrnicle. The effect f the pwerful writer’s psitive cmment was immediate. Turists, dignitaries and celebrities—frm Mae West t Jhn Lennn—flded int the Mandarin fr then-unfamiliar fd like tea-smked duck and twice-cked prk.(这家餐厅并没有立即获得成功。开业大约一年后，《旧金山纪事报》提到了Mandarin。这位有影响力的作家的正面评论立刻产生了效果。从Mae West到Jhn Lennn，游客、达官显贵和名人纷纷涌入Mandarin，品尝当时不熟悉的食物，比如茶熏鸭和回锅肉。)”可知，Chiang的Mandarin餐馆并不是一开张就获得成功的。在开了大约一年后，Mandarin餐馆被《旧金山纪事报》提到之后，很多游客和社会名流蜂拥而至来到Chiang的餐馆品尝当时他们并不熟悉的食物。再结合第五段的“Thugh the Mandarin was clsed years later, Cecilia Chiang’s DNA can be fund all ver American Chinese fd. Her sn funded the chain P. F. Chang’s and the sn f ne f her chefs funded Panda Express.(尽管Mandarin餐馆几年后被关闭了，但Chiang的中国菜得以在美国传承下去。她的儿子创立了P. F. Chang连锁店，她的一位厨师的儿子创立了Panda Express)”可知，Chiang的中国菜得以在美国传承下去。所以Mandarin餐馆在被《旧金山纪事报》报道后便出名了，许多名人都前来尝试中餐，后来又得以传承下去。由此推知，Mandarin餐馆在美国人中很受欢迎。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Everybdy said. ‘Yu cannt make it. Yu cannt speak English. Yu dn’t knw anything,’ she recalled. In 1961 then, Chiang pened the Mandarin.(“每个人都说，你做不到。你不会说英语。你什么都不知道”。她回忆道。但在1961年，Chang还是开办了Mandarin)”可知，虽然困难重重，Chang还是创立了餐厅。由此推知，Chang是一个意志坚定的人，即determined。再结合文章最后一段“I always think abut the better side, the gd side f everything.(我总是想到更好的一面，每件事好的一面)”可知，Chang总是看待事物更好的一面。由此推知，Chang是一个积极的人，即psitive。所以Chang是一个psitive(积极的)和determined(意志坚定的)的人。故选D。
39．C 40．D 41．B 42．D
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了马云在一封公开信中宣布辞去阿里巴巴董事长职务。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句The cmpany was funded at a time when the industry was still dminated by state-wned firms and entrepreneurship was seen as a risky career path.(该公司成立之际，该行业仍由国有公司主导，创业被视为一条危险的职业道路。)可推断，成立之初，私有企业占少数，故答案为C。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句He’s the big ne, he’s the ne that brings them tgether.(他是那个大人物，是那个把他们聚集在一起的人。)可推知，马云对于团结周围朋友来说是有影响力的人，答案为D。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句After he steps dwn, he will cntinue t be part f the “Alibaba Partnership”, which has the ability t nminate the majrity f directrs n the cmpany’s bard. He als wants t return t educatin and charity, which gives him excitement and blessings.(在他下台后，他将继续是“Alibaba Partnership”的一部分，Alibaba Partnership拥有提名阿里巴巴公司董事会的大多数董事。他还想回到教育和慈善事业，这给了他兴奋和祝福。)可知，在卸任后，马云会回归慈善和教育，并且有权推荐董事会候选人。故答案为B。
42．主旨大意题，通读全文，尤其是文章首句Alibaba c-funder and chairman Jack Ma n Mnday annunced in an pen letter that he wuld step dwn, with the cmpany CEO Daniel Zhang taking ver as the chairman f the bard.(阿里巴巴联合创始人兼董事长马云周一在一封公开信中宣布，他将辞职，公司首席执行官张丹妮接任董事会主席。)可知，本文主要报道马云辞去阿里巴巴总裁一职，因此D符合文章主要内容，作为标题最为恰当。故答案是D。
43．C 44．C 45．B 46．A
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了日本设计师Issey Miyake为苹果公司设计制服的过程及他与苹果公司CEO Steve Jbs之间友谊的建立过程。
43．细节理解题。根据第一段“While Issey Miyake’s black turtlenecks are well knwn because f their cnnectin with frmer Apple CEO Steve Jbs, the influence that the famus Japanese designer had n Apple culd have been even larger, (尽管Issey Miyake的黑色高领衫因与前苹果公司CEO Steve Jbs的关系而名声在外，但是这位著名的日本设计师对苹果公司的影响甚至本来可能会更大一些)”可知，Miyake对苹果公司的影响使他名声在外。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“ Isaacsn details hw the idea fr an Apple unifrm came frm a trip t Japan in the 1980s(Isaacsn详细描述了为苹果公司做制服的想法是如果通过在二十世纪八十年代去日本的一次旅行中产生的)”可知，在Isaacsn的传记中讲述了制作苹果公司制服的想法是如何产生的。故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据第三段“Isaacsn details hw the idea fr an Apple unifrm came frm a trip t Japan in the 1980s when Jbs visited Sny and saw that all wrkers in the factries were wearing matching unifrms. (Isaacsn详细描述了为苹果公司做制服的想法是如果通过在二十世纪八十年代去日本的一次旅行中产生的，当时Jbs参观了Sny公司，看到了工厂所有的工人都穿着统一的制服)”可知，因参观了一家日本公司，导致Jb有了制作苹果公司制服的想法。故选B。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段“An Apple unifrm frm Miyake wasn’t meant t be, but it pened the dr t a friendship between Miyake and Jbs and finally a unifrm fr Jbs himself that included Miyake’s black turtlenecks and Levi’s 501 classic fit jeans.( Miyake设计的苹果制服并不是注定的，但它打开了Miyake和Jbs之间友谊的大门，并最终为Jbs本人设计了一套制服，包括Miyake的黑色高领毛衣和李维斯501经典合身牛仔裤)”可知，作者认为Miyake的苹果制服使他和Jbs成为了朋友。故选A。
47．A 48．B 49．D 50．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了亚马逊创始人兼首席执行官杰夫•贝佐斯揭示的亚马逊成功的最大秘诀。
47．空后说现年48岁的贝佐斯正式改变了他于1994年创立的亚马逊，从一家在线书店向一家零售商和商业服务提供商转变，后者曾经主要销售书籍。亚马逊的股票在过去五年里上涨了397%，此处总领全段，说的是这种转型对贝佐斯的影响，故A项（这个转折点可能是贝佐斯最大的成就）符合语境。
48．空后说贝佐斯经常在会议上留下一个空位，并通知所有与会者，他们应该考虑他们的客户所占的座位——房间里最重要的人，因此此处应该会提到与座位有关的内容，故B项（亚马逊的高管们会告诉你：这张空椅子，是统治他们生活的人物的内部昵称）符合语境。
49．空后说亚马逊数据显示，页面加载延迟0.1秒可以转化为客户活动减少1%，因此此处应该是说加载页面的小小延迟也会造成很大影响，故D项（即使是加载网页的最小延迟也不是不重要的）符合语境。
50．空后说工程师可以自由地解决他们认为合适的技术挑战，只需要让它适合于消费者，因此此处应该会提到技术问题，故F项（他没有被技术问题所困扰就设定了目标）符合语境。
51． Recent years have seen an increasing number f Zaha Hadid’s buildings glbally. By breaking dwn traditinal building shapes t prduce seemingly impssible structures, Hadid has frmed her wn style. She hpes peple inside her wrks can appreciate them frm different angles. As an artist, she wants peple t knw mre buildings, which is why she has prduced such distinct wrks.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国女建筑师扎哈·哈迪德。近年来，扎哈·哈迪德的建筑作品出现在全球各地，她的作品打破传统的建筑造型，创造出看似不可能的结构，她希望人们能够从不同的角度欣赏她的作品。同时，作为一名建筑师，她也希望人们更多地了解建筑。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①But in recent years her buildings have sprung up like mushrms all ver the wrld: the Guangzhu Opera Huse in China, a car factry in Germany, a cntemprary art museum in Rme, a transprtatin museum in Sctland, and the Aquatics Center fr the 2012 Olympics in Lndn.
②Certainly Hadid has been influenced by the mdem trend in architecture that likes t play with the traditinal shape f buildings and fragment (分解) them, creating unpredictable angles and surfaces.
③Wrking in this way, she and her fellw architects have prduced sme spaceship-like structures that seem t g against the nrmal laws f engineering.
④The idea f ffering the viewer multiple perspectives frm within the building is a theme that runs thrugh Hadid’s wrk.
⑤S what inspires smene like Hadid t prduce such different buildings? She speaks in cmplimentary terms abut the wrk f her cntempraries.
⑥Hadid is an artist, sharing with us her visin f what buildings shuld be like and always, as she des s, trying t keep human interests—ur interests as users and viewers—at heart.
2.缜密构思
将第②和③两个要点进行重组，将第⑤和⑥两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
①Recently, Hadid’s buildings have sprung up all ver the wrld.
②Hadid brke dwn traditinal building shapes t prduce seemingly impssible structures, which made her frm her wn style.
③Hadid’s wrks can ffer the viewer multiple perspectives frm within the building.
④Hadid has prduced such distinct wrks, because she wants peple t knw mre buildings.
【点睛】[高分句型1] By breaking dwn traditinal building shapes t prduce seemingly impssible structures, Hadid has frmed her wn style. （运用了“by ding”结构在句中作状语，对原文第二段进行了概括）
[高分句型2] As an artist, she wants peple t knw mre buildings, which is why she has prduced such distinct wrks.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句，对原文第四段进行了概括）
52．She culd feel the anger grwing, bubbling up inside her.
【详解】考查非谓语动词作宾补。表示主语“她”用she；表示“能感觉到愤怒在她心中酝酿”可以用“动词+宾语+宾补”的结构，anger与grw, bubble up之间是主谓的关系，所以用现在分词作宾补，即culd feel the anger grwing, bubbling up inside her.故翻译为：She culd feel the anger grwing, bubbling up inside her.
53．When I came in，I saw him sitting in the sfa lst in thught.
【详解】考查非谓语和状语从句。“进来”翻译为cme in；“看到”翻译为see；“坐在沙发上”翻译为sit in the sfa；“陷入深思”翻译为be lst in thught。根据句意，“当我进来时”可用when引导时间状语从句，“看到他坐在沙发上”可用see sb. ding sth.句型，“陷入沉思”可用lst in thugh做状语。且此处陈述过去发生的事情，故应用一般过去时，故翻译为：When I came in，I saw him sitting in the sfa lst in thught。
54．With s many peple cmmunicating in English every day, it will becme mre and mre imprtant t have a gd knwledge f English.
【详解】考查时态，with复合结构，固定句型和短语。句子陈述将来的事情，用一般将来时；根据要求“每天都有这么多人用英语交流”可处理为with复合结构，“如此多的人”表达为s many peple，“用英语交流”表达为cmmunicate in English，peple和cmmunicate之间为主动关系，用现在分词作宾补；“做某事是……的”用固定句型it be +adj.+t d，“越来越重要”表达为mre and mre imprtant，“掌握好英语”表达为have a gd cmmand f English。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为With s many peple cmmunicating in English every day, it will becme mre and mre imprtant t have a gd knwledge f English.
55．A grup f children were fund playing n the playgrund.
【详解】考查固定句式。本句要用“find＋宾＋宾补”，分析句子可知，发现某人在做某事为“find sb ding sth.”。本句中是“孩子被发现……”，故用sb be fund ding sth，因此本句可译为A grup f children were fund playing n the playgrund.
56．The cartn vividly reflects a cmmn phenmenn: many peple are becming increasingly addicted t the virtual wrld presented by smartphnes. It warns us that the phenmenn f phubbing has grwn t such an extent that it shuldn't be treated lightly.
Since they inevitably distract peple's attentin, things like that are entirely pssible. In fact, phubbing has a far mre prfund impact n peple and sciety. Phubbing is nt nly a distractin, but als a pisn t ur relatinships with thers. T reverse the trend f phubbing, the key is t pay mre attentin t the charm f real life. With time and effrts wasted n the smartphnes back, we are perfectly capable f hanging ut with friends, having dinner with ur family, and mst imprtantly, embracing the reality.
It's time t say gdbye t technlgical devices. Hug yur real life, and yu'll be surprised hw much meaningful stuff yu can get dne withut these inventins.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于图画作文。要求考生对图中反映的低头族现象提出自己的看法和建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
愈发沉迷于：are becming increasingly addicted t→ are becming increasingly bsessed with
不可避免地：inevitably→ unavidably
能够：are perfectly capable f→ are perfectly able t
惊讶的：surprised→ amazed
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With time and effrts wasted n the smartphnes back, we are perfectly capable f hanging ut with friends, having dinner with ur family, and mst imprtantly, embracing the reality.
拓展句：With time and effrts wasted n the smartphnes back, we are perfectly capable f hanging ut with friends, having dinner with ur family, and what is the mst imprtant is embracing the reality.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It warns us that the phenmenn f phubbing has grwn t such an extent that it shuldn't be treated lightly.（运用了…如此……以至于……固定句式）
【高分句型2】Hug yur real life, and yu'll be surprised hw much meaningful stuff yu can get dne withut these inventins.（运用了祈使句+and+一般将来时的句式结构）