新高考英语二轮复习题型专练33 概要写作内涵转换策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练33 概要写作内涵转换策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练33概要写作内涵转换策略原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练33概要写作内涵转换策略解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
【概要写作语言优化攻略】
概要写作的评分原则之一是“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，即要用自己的语言表述原文要点，不能照抄原文的语句。同时各要点之间应注意利用恰当的过渡衔接词汇，使所写的句子连贯流畅。
一 、优化你的语言
1. 替换单词、短语
在找出文中的要点后，利用替换单词、短语等方法来增强语言表达的独立性。
①利用同义词(短语)或近义词(短语)代替原文单词或短语。
②将原文动词短语转换为介词短语、名词短语替换成动词短语、动词转换为名词、形容词转换为副词等。
2. 调整句式
除了用替换单词、短语等方式增强语言表达的独立性外，还可以采用灵活调整句式的方式达到语气目标。
(1)长变短：压缩长的句子和词组，使其变得短小精悍，如两个简单句整合为一个并列句或主从复合句；复合句或并列句简化为简单句、从句简化为介词短语或者分词短语等。
(2)主动变被动：主动句变为被动句式，更生动更符合英语表达。
(3)善用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、倒装句、强调句、省略句等丰富的句型结构等。
二、恰当过渡衔接
概要写作的评分标准之一是上下文的连贯性，要求你有效运用一定的衔接手段。
3种使上下文连贯的衔接手段
①词汇衔接：运用原词、近义词或反义词、上下义词等的复现。
②逻辑衔接：利用表逻辑关系的过渡词衔接上下文，如besides, in additin, therefre等，在选用过渡衔接词时，应考虑前后句子之间的内在逻辑关系。
③语法衔接：常见的语法衔接有替代和省略。
替代：用代词替代前面的名词(短语)和句子，用助动词代替前面的动词(短语)。
省略：在语境表达清晰的情况下，为了表达简洁，省略上文或下文的某个词句。
【策略演示】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2019年6月，浙江高考)Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, authr f The A t Z Guide t Raising Happy and Cnfident Kids, says, “We've gne t the ppsite extreme f a few decades ag when eq \a\vs4\al(parents tended t be mre strict).” By giving kids a lt f praise, parents think they're building their children's cnfidence, when, in fact, it may be just the ppsite. eq \a\vs4\al(T much praise can backfire) and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid t try new things r take a risk fr fear f nt being able t stay n tp where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, dn't g t far in the ther directin. eq \a\vs4\al(Nt giving enugh praise) eq \a\vs4\al(can be just as damaging as giving t much). Kids will feel like eq \a\vs4\al(they're nt) eq \a\vs4\al(gd enugh r that yu dn't care) and, as a result, may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
S what is the right amunt f praise? Experts say that eq \a\vs4\al(the quality) eq \a\vs4\al(f praise is mre imprtant than the quantity). If praise is sincere and fcused n the effrt nt the utcme, yu can eq \a\vs4\al(give it as ften as yur) eq \a\vs4\al(child des smething that deserves a verbal reward). “We shuld especially recgnize ur children's effrts t push themselves and wrk hard t achieve a gal，” says Dnahue, authr f Parenting Withut Fear: Letting G f Wrry and Fcusing n What Really Matters. “One thing t remember is that it's the prcess nt the end prduct that eq \a\vs4\al(matters).”
Yur sn may nt be the best basketball player n his team. But if he's ut there every day and playing hard, yu shuld praise his effrt regardless f whether his team wins r lses. eq \a\vs4\al(Praising the effrt and nt) eq \a\vs4\al(the utcme) can als mean recgnizing yur child when she has wrked hard t clean the yard, ck dinner, r finish a bk reprt. But whatever it is, praise shuld be given n a case­by­case basis and be prprtinate eq \a\vs4\al(相称的 t the amunt f effrt yur child has put int it).
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【思路点拨】
第1步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文是议论文，提出当前父母对孩子进行过度赞扬和不表扬是同样有害的，正确的做法是找到其闪光点进行适度的表扬，以培养其自信乐观的心态。文章四个自然段，就是4个意义段，对应4个要点。
第一段：指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长。
第二段：对孩子的表扬不足同样有害。
第三段：对孩子的表扬要恰当而且适时。
第四段：关注孩子的努力，不必太过关注结果。
第2 步 去次留精，提炼关键信息
本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现， 其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键词，其他则为次要信息。
第3步 归纳要点，合理转换表达
采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：
①第一段主题句可归纳为要点1：该要点中的“the ppsite”可利用同义表达改为cntrary t；“stay n tp where their parents' praise has put them”(指的是父母对孩子过度表扬而设定的目标)可转换为 unrealistic gals。
②第二段主题句可归纳为要点2：该要点中的“Nt giving enugh praise”可转换为inadequate praise; “they're nt gd enugh r that yu dn't care”可转换为they are nt ding well r they are ignred。
第4步 句式多样，注意过渡衔接
句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词、定语从句和名词性从句，归纳整合要点。
要点1指出过度表扬不利于孩子的成长，而要点2说明对孩子的表扬不足同样有害，由此前两个要点为转折关系，可利用hwever衔接；第3个要点说明要给予恰当适时的表扬，由此可知该要点与前两个要点是因果关系可利用therefre衔接；第3个要点中的恰当适时的表扬与第4个要点中的表扬努力为并列关系， 可利用表“并列，顺承”的过渡衔接词汇，如besides, additinally等。
【参考范文】
Cntrary t the past, sme parents are likely t verpraise their kids, making them feel given unrealistic gals. (要点1) eq \a\vs4\al(Hwever)， thers give their kids inadequate praise, which gives them a false idea that they are nt ding well r they are ignred. (要点2) eq \a\vs4\al(Therefre)， praising them prperly and punctually is definitely favrable. (要点3) eq \a\vs4\al(Additinally)， t d s parents are advised t fcus n their kids' effrt instead f the result. (要点4)
【题型演练】
1
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Until 2017, the Emperr penguin was listed as Least Cncern by the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature, but as f 2018, they are listed as Near-Threatened because they are predicted t suffer a mderately rapid ppulatin decline ver the next three generatins wing t the effects f climate change. The number ne threat t their survival is glbal warming. Here’s hw it has affected Emperr penguins and what we shuld d.
A decrease in the amunt f sea ice frmatin, which is caused by climate change, impacts the future f the Emperr penguin. Many Emperr penguins breed n ice shelves that nly frm during the Antarctic winter. There have been times in recent years when the ice shelves have melted back faster r sner than usual. Many f the chicks haven’t cmpletely fledged (长出飞羽) int their waterprf feathers by the time the ice melts back t their habitats, and they are frced int the cld cean waters, where they die f cld expsure r drwning.
One thing that less sea ice definitely affects is fd fr the penguins. One f their fd surces is krill (磷虾), and the sea-ice shelves serve as a nursery fr the krill. The newly-brn krill feed n the algae (水藻) that grw n the underside f the sea ice. When there is less sea ice, there is less algae fr the krill t feed n, and cnsequently less krill is prduced.
Measures shuld be taken t prtect these animals. Peple can dnate t rganizatins that are wrking t prtect Emperr penguins and ther penguin species, and ur ceans in general. Reducing yur impact n the envirnment, in particular, is smething yu can d—yu can make these tiny changes t lwer yur carbn ftprint every day. Yu can als be mindful abut reducing seafd cnsumptin and eating sustainably caught seafd, as verfishing is the secnd greatest threat t nearly every penguin species tday. Als, avid using supplements and ther prducts that cntain krill r krill il.
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2
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要
Frm the health pint f view, we are living in a wnderful age, immunized frm birth against many f the mst dangerus diseases and freed frm the nce deadly illnesses thanks t mdern drugs and surgery. But thugh the pssibility f living a lng and happy life is greater, every day we witness the unbelievable killings f men, wmen and children n the rads. It is a never-ending battle which man is lsing against the car. Thusands f peple the wrld ver are killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becmes the extensin f his persnality. There is n dubt that the car ften brings ut a man’s very wrst qualities. Peple wh are nrmally quiet and pleasant may becme unrecgnizable when they are behind a wheel. All their hidden frustratins and disappintments seem t be brught t the surface by the act f driving.
The surprising thing is that sciety smiles gently n the driver and seems t frgive his behavir. Everything is dne fr his cnvenience. Cities are allwed t becme almst uninhabitable（不宜居住的）because f heavy traffic; twns are made ugly by huge car parks; the cuntryside is ruined by rad netwrks; and the mass annual deaths becmes nthing but a number, t be cnveniently frgtten.
It is high time rules were created t reduce this senseless waste f human life. Here are a few examples f sme f the things that might be dne. The driving test shuld be standardized and made far mre difficult than it is; all vehicles shuld be put thrugh strict tests fr safety; present drinking and driving laws shuld be made much stricter; maximum and minimum speed limits shuld be required n all rads. These measures may sund strict. But surely nthing shuld be cnsidered as t severe if it results in reducing the annual lss f human life. After all, the wrld is fr human beings, nt cars.
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3
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Which is mre envirnmentally friendly, paper r plastic? There was a time when a trip t the supermarket in the United States ften ended with a simple questin frm the cashier:"Paper r plastic?"The custmers knew it means "Which type f bag wuld yu chse?"
While all types f bags have sme influence n the envirnment, it has lng been suppsed that paper bags are kinder. They are made frm a renewable surce, break dwn easily, burn withut giving ff thick smke and can be recycled. Hwever, the prducing prcess behind paper bags uses mre energy than that f plastic nes.
Studies shw that paper bag prductin requires fur times as much energy as plastic bag prductin. And the amunt f water used t make them is twenty times higher. Besides, the influence n frests is very serius. It takes abut furteen millin trees t prduce ten billin paper bags, which happens t be the number f bags used in the United States yearly. In terms f recycling, the idea that paper bags are mre envirnmentally friendly than plastic nes can be quickly discarded. Research shws it requires abut98%less energy t recycle plastic than it des paper.
Even thugh paper bags might be mre harmful than plastic nes, plastic still seems t be cnsidered by gvernments as the mre harmful f the tw. In Ireland, fr example, a tax has been intrduced t discurage the use f plastic bags. Peple have t pay 22 cents fr every plastic bag, and as a result, their use has drpped quickly. There’s n dubt that it makes mre sense t reuse these bags. Hwever, we dn’t seem t be ding that at present. That may be because they fall apart quickly. If s, clth bags are a better chice, but still, their prductin als has a bad influence n the envirnment. S what t d? Hw shuld we answer the questin f "Paper r plastic?"It seems that we first need t ask urselves ne mre general questin: "What can I d t help the envirnment?"
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4
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are sme imprtant regulatins parents can take t make sure their kids use cell phnes in a safe and respnsible way. When kids knw what the cnsequences are when rules aren’t fllwed, that makes life mre predictable fr them.
Mst kids are nt paying fr their cell phnes r their cell phne plans, s if yu pay fr it, yu wn it, which means yu have the right t take it away anytime if they disbey the rules yu set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phne, suddenly parents discver data runs ut half way thrugh the mnth. This can get expensive and yur kids need t knw hw t mnitr their use. Als, teen cell phne addictin shuld be limited. Generally, it’s a gd idea t have n cell phne plicy while they are ding hmewrk and at bedtime. Cme t agreement in advance abut what they are and aren’t allwed t dwnlad n their cell phne. There are sme really bad apps fr kids that yu dn’t want n their phnes.
Make sure yur kids understand hw t set up their privacy. Talk with them abut why guarding their privacy is s imprtant. Many teens truly have n cncept abut everything that a cell phne can share abut them including persnal infrmatin and their lcatin.
Yu want t cver what is and isn’t apprpriate t share via a cell phne. This definitely means phts and language used in emails and n scial media. But dn’t frget simpler things like prviding their address, their age r what schl they g t nline.
Lastly, there are times and places when using ne’s cell phne is nt apprpriate. In mvie theaters r during class time at schl the phne shuld be n silent and put away. Additinally, when smene is having a face t face cnversatin with them, they need t be lking at the persn, nt their phne.
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5
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It's nt just yur mm's arbitrary rule; acrss cultures and thrughut histry, elbws(手肘）n the table have lng been cnsidered unacceptable behavir. Indeed, the Bible warns f putting yur elbws n the table, and in 1530, Dutch philspher Erasmus repeated the same rule. Even the etiquette(礼节） experts dn't advise it. S, why have elbws n the table always been cnsidered rude?
Fr earlier civilizatins, this rule functined t prevent pssible vilence at the table."Table manners prevented us frm leaving ur space and starting a" fight. It was imprtant that peple saw yu-as cnsiderate r trying hard," says Margaret Visser, authr f The Rituals f Dinner. Our place setting's frk and knife already act as an imaginary bundary fr bur space at the table, s ignring" r breaking that brder indicates that yu have n regard fr rder and are therefre ptentially mentally ill-wh: knws what else yu're capable f!
Tday,while keeping yur elbws ff the table can't be traced back' t a single culture r civilizatin, it mre belngs t the universal language f principle, which expresses tw ideas, that at mealtime ne shuldn't d anything that incnveniences ther diners, and that a meal is a frmal ccasin where' ne shuldn't behave in a casual way.
Hwever,that's nt t say that in the here and nw leaving yur' elbws n the" table will bring dishnr upn yur family. Manners develp with the times t meet ur needs and feelings. In fact,sme bdy language nw suggests that elbws n the table are a sign f appearing engaged and fcused n the cnversatin at hand.
Abve all,being cnsiderate, respectful, 'and hnest is mre imprtant 'than knwing which frk t use. Whether it's a handshake r a hug, it's the sincerity behind and gd intentins f the actin that matter mst
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