新高考英语二轮复习题型专练11 科学技术类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练11 科学技术类阅读理解（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练11科学技术类阅读理解原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练11科学技术类阅读理解解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。
【命题意图】 阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。
【考试方向】科普类文章是高考英语的常考题材。文章中词汇的意思比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。为了描述一个客观事物，严密地表达自己的观点，作者经常会使用集多种语法现象于一体的长句。所以，文中出现的句子结构通常较复杂，语法分析较困难。
1.结构严谨，逻辑性强。科普类文章属于说明文，一般由导语（intrductin）、背景（backgrund）、主体（main bdy）和结尾（end）四部分构成，在句首和句尾常出现主题句。这类文章通常有明确的主题，并且论证主题的事实逻辑结构严谨，层次分明，段落清晰。
2.从词汇角度来看，在科普类文中，词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。由于科普类文章读者对象是大众，所以语言上力求浅显易懂，用通俗的语言解释某种科学现象和科学道理，但其中有些词汇仍带有很强的术语性的烙印。但通过上下文解释考生可以推定词义，从而顺利解题。因此，科普类文章中尽管有专业词汇和术语，但可以通过上下文、构词法等来理解题目，猜出题意。
3.从语法和句子结构方面看，句子结构较复杂，长难句较多，语法分析较困难，为了描述一个客观事实，严密地表达自己的思想，作者经常会使用及多种语法现象与一体的长句。常用被动语态、定语从句等
【得分要点】1、学生需先通读短文，把握文章大意，了解该短文是解释何种科学现象或科学道理的，抓住体现本文主题的关键词和关键句，提高阅读速度。
2、要做好科普类文章试题，考生还要掌握这类文章的特点和结构，真正读懂并理解它。在阅读这类文章时要遵循此类文章的一般结构：导语、背景、主体和结尾。阅读时要注意开头和结尾，往往可以归纳出文中的中心思想。
3、在了解全文大意和结构的基础上，学会解决what/hw/why等一类的问题，他们是文章的关键，如果能够带着这些问题去阅读，则会更迅速地抓住文章的主题。
另外，还要通过读书看报等多普及科普知识，比如：太空与海洋、环境与污染、科技与创造发明、医疗卫生，动物世界等。这样长期坚持，既开阔了视野又能正确迅速地做好此类题。
【真题再现1】【2020·全国卷I，C】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact (接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
28. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
31. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.D. Cnservative.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact with the grund at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
29.细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Nrberg说的话“In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Nrberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
【真题再现2】 【2020·全国卷II，B】
Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents’ incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age.
“The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than parents f girls.
The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
24. In which aspect d children benefit frm puzzle play?
A. Building cnfidence.B. Develping spatial skills.
C. Learning self-cntrl.D. Gaining high-tech knwledge.
25. What did Levine take int cnsideratin when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age.B. Children’s imaginatin.
C. Parents’ educatin.D. Child-parent relatinship.
26. Hw d by differ frm girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles mre ften.
B. They tend t talk less during the game.
C. They prefer t use mre spatial language.
D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A mathematical methd.B. A scientific study.
C. A wman psychlgistD. A teaching prgram.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
24.细节理解题。根据第二段中…fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develp better spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Develping spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin after cntrlling fr difference in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' educatin.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely t play with tugher puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
27.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【题型演练】
1
Tw American astrnauts were greeted by mre than a dzen private bats n Sunday as their SpaceX capsule landed safely in the Gulf f Mexic. A few bats went fr a clser lk at the capsule, which, aided by parachutes, gently hit the water ff the cast f Flrida. As the capsule bunced in the water, a recvery team instructed the baters t stay away.
This raised cncerns amng NASA and SpaceX fficials abut security and safety prcedures. The NASA administratr, Jim, acknwledged that the unprtected receptin shuld nt have happened. "If there is an emergency, the bats might have made recvery effrts, but there were pisnus smkes frm the capsule. We need t d better next time," he said.
The Cast Guard waned baters t stay clear f the area in a radi bradcast tw hurs befre the splashdwn, but many baters ignred the requests and decided t enter the area, putting themselves in ptential danger.
Rbert L. Behnken and Duglas G. Hurley, the NASA astrnauts, returned t Earth after nearly 64 days in rbit, mst f them spent abard the Internatinal Space Statin. Their trip hme was abard the Crew Dragn, built by the private cmpany SpaceX t transprt NASA astrnauts. The agency has relied n Russia fr trips t space since the space shuttles were retired in 2011.
While the shuttles, like airplanes, landed n runways, SpaceX chse water landings, which NASA has nt dne since 1975, when the last f the Apll mdules went t space.
1. What were the baters asked t d at the landing f the capsule?
A. Cme t rescue the capsule.
B. Keep away frm the capsule.
C. Take a pht with the capsule.
D. Warn thers ut f the landing area.
2. What des Jim think abut the private baters?
A. They were expsed t risks.
B. They were well rganized.
C. They were scared f the capsule.
D. They dreamed f ging t space.
3. What happened in 1975 accrding t the text?
A. The last f the Apll mdules went back t earth.
B. Water landings were intrduced fr space capsule.
C. The Internatinal Space Statin was put t wrk.
D. NASA stpped using water landings fr capsules.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. NASA Begins t Send Spaceships n its Own after 45 Years
B. SpareX Capsule Made a Breakthrugh by landing n Water
C. NASA Astrnauts Returned t Earth after Wrking at ISS
D. Bats Entering Capsule Landing Area Raised Safety Cncerns
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。美国SpaceX太空舱在返回地球时降落在一片水域，此时附近的渔船上前观看，由此引起作者对相关人员的安全担忧。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“As the capsule bunced in the water, a recvery team instructed the baters t stay away.”（当太空舱在水中反弹时，一个救援小组指示船员离开。）可知，当太空舱着陆时，救援小组叫周围那些船上的人离远一些。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中美国宇航局局长Jim所说“If there is an emergency, the bats might have made recvery effrts, but there were pisnus smkes frm the capsule. We need t d better next time.”（“如果发生紧急情况，救生艇可能已经进行了抢救，但是太空舱里冒出了有毒的烟雾。我们下次需要做得更好。”）可推知，太空舱发出的有毒烟雾会对船员有危险，所以说船员们面临危险。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“While the shuttles, like airplanes, landed n runways, SpaceX chse water landings, which NASA has nt dne since 1975, when the last f the Apll mdules went t space.”（当飞行器像飞机一样在跑道上着陆时，SpaceX 选择了水上着陆，这是 NASA 自1975年以来从未做过的，当时最后一个阿波罗组件进入了太空。）可以推断，在1975年，NASA最后使用太空舱水上着陆，在这之后就停用了。故选D项。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段内容和第二段第一句“This raised cncerns amng NASA and SpaceX fficials abut security and safety prcedures.”（这引起了 NASA 和 SpaceX 官员对安保和安全程序的担忧。）可知，本文讲述美国SpaceX太空舱返回地球时降落在一片水域，一些船只前去观看而引起的人们对相关人员的安全担忧。选项D“船只进入太空舱着陆区引起安全担忧”围绕主题，简明扼要，适合作标题。故选D项。
2
D yu want smething different fr dinner? Try sme space fd. Many scientists are living fr mnths abard the Internatinal Space Statin high abve the earth. It's t expensive t carry fd t feed peple living in space. Therefre, peple in space will need t grw fd fr themselves. But hw can they grw fd withut sil and sunlight?
Tday, we already have hydrpnic vegetables. The science f hydrpnics is nt new. Many writers believe that the Hanging Gardens f Babyln were actually a large hydrpnic system. This system culd have used fresh water that was rich in xygen and minerals fr the plants. Hydrpnic systems need light. In additin t sunlight, hydrpnic farms can use artificial lights. Instead f sil, hydrpnic farms use mixtures f chemicals t feed the plants. And in additin t a natural climate, mst hydrpnic farms ften use greenhuses. One advantage f hydrpnics is that diseases and insects that travel thrugh the sil are avided. Anther advantage is there are n weeds t pull ut.
Farmers knw hw t grw a few kinds f hydrpnic vegetables, such as lettuces, tmates, and cucumbers. But in space, peple will need t eat mre than salad. S scientists are learning hw t grw hydrpnic rice, beans and ptates. As they d these experiments, they are analyzing their results and examining hw t apply these results t a real life situatin prviding tasty meals fr space travelers.
The scientists make imitatin meat dishes, such as carrt drumsticks, made frm carrts, garlic, and bread, instead f chicken. Hw d these unusual fds taste? The scientists have been inviting a grup f taste testers int their labratries. S far, they have tested 200 different recipes. The carrt drumstick dish was a hit. Perhaps sn, peple will eat meals made frm hydrpnic vegetables that are truly ut f this wrld.
5. Why d scientists grw space fd?
A. T reduce fd csts.B. T supprt space travelers.
C. T find new varieties f fd.D. T increase agricultural prductin.
6. What is a must t grw hydrpnic vegetables?
A. Sunlight.B. Warm weather.
C. Sil t grw the plants in.D. Chemicals t feed the plants.
7. What is ne advantage f hydrpnic plants?
A. They dn't get diseases.B. They aren't affected by weeds.
C. They can grw in a lightless place.D. They are bigger than cmmn nes.
8. What is the authr's attitude twards scientists' space fd experiment?
A. Uninterested.B. Dubtful.C. Optimistic.D. Cautius.
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过种植太空食物，来给太空旅行者提供补给。没有土壤和阳光，他们采用了水培的方式种植蔬菜，文章介绍了水培蔬菜的所需条件和优点。科学家们正在学习如何种植水培水稻、豆类和土豆，作者相信不久的将来人们就能吃到由水培蔬菜制成的美味佳肴了。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Many scientists are living fr mnths abard the Internatinal Space Statin high abve the earth. It's t expensive t carry fd t feed peple living in space. Therefre, peple in space will need t grw fd fr themselves.(许多科学家要在地球上空的国际空间站上生活几个月。运送食物给住在太空的人吃成本太贵了。因此，太空中的人们将需要为自己种植食物)”可知，科学家要种植太空食物，是为了给太空旅行者提供食物补给。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Instead f sil, hydrpnic farms use mixtures f chemicals t feed the plants.(水培农场用化学混合物代替土壤来喂养植物)”可知，种植水培蔬菜必须具备的条件是喂养植物的化学物质。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Anther advantage is there are n weeds t pull ut.(另一个优点是没有杂草需要拔除)”可知，水培植物的一个优点是它们不受杂草的影响。故选B。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The scientists have been inviting a grup f taste testers int their labratries. S far, they have tested 200 different recipes. The carrt drumstick dish was a hit. Perhaps sn, peple will eat meals made frm hydrpnic vegetables that are truly ut f this wrld.(科学家们邀请了一组味觉测试者进入他们的实验室。到目前为止，他们已经测试了200种不同的食谱。胡萝卜鸡腿这道菜很受欢迎。也许不久之后，人们就能吃到由水培蔬菜制成的美味佳肴了)”可推知，作者对科学家的太空食品实验持乐观态度。故选C。
3
Bricks are ne f the ldest knwn building materials, dating back thusands f years. But researchers at Washingtn University in St. Luis have fund a new use fr bricks: as energy strage units. A team f engineers and chemists have fund a way t transfrm an rdinary huse brick int a pseud-battery — allwing it t cnduct and stre electricity. The bricks are pwerful enugh t illuminate（点亮）an LED light bulb and cst nly abut $ 3 t make.
“I lve the idea f adding value t things that are inexpensive, things that are affrdable, things that we kind f take fr granted, ”said Juli D’Arcy, an assistant prfessr f chemistry at Washingtn University and ne f the researchers n this prject.
The brick battery relies n the reddish pigment（色素）knwn as irn xide, r rust, that gives red bricks their clr. The scientists pumped the bricks with several gases that react with irn xide t prduce a netwrk f plastic fibers. These micrscpic fibers cat the empty spaces inside the bricks — and cnduct electricity.
“What we’re trying t d is: we’re trying t make specialized plastics that are nly used n the nan（纳米）scale — where we use very little f the plastic, and we can actually insert that plastic inside cnstructin materials. ” The study is in the jurnal Nature Cmmunicatins.
In the future, D’Arcy says, a brick wall culd ptentially serve a duble purpse: prviding structural supprt and string electricity generated frm renewable energy surces, such as slar panels.
The technlgy is still at least a few years away frm being ready fr the cmmercial market. And right nw the energy strage capacity f the bricks is still pretty lw — abut 1 percent f a lithium battery. But the team is nw testing ways t imprve brick perfrmance — because it lks like yu can teach an ld brick new tricks.
9. What appeals t Juli D’Arcy listing bricks as their subjects?
A. Their lw expense.B. Their cmmn existence.
C. Their additinal value.D. Their internal cmpsitin.
10. What is the last step f making a brick cnduct electricity?
A. Pump the brick with gases.
B. Clr the brick red.
C. Prduce micrscpic fibers.
D. Cver its inner vacancy with micrscpic fibers.
11. What will the future bricks be like accrding t the passage?
A. Cnstructin materials pssessing lw energy strage capacity.
B. Cnstructin materials generating renewable energy resurces.
C. Cnstructin materials used fr electricity strage.
D. Cnstructin materials with built-in cmmn plastic.
12. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t the technlgy?
A. Skeptical.B. Objective.
C. Cnservative.D. Cntrversial.
【答案】9. C10. D11. C12. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了一项新的研究发现：圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员发现了砖块的新用途：作为储能单元，可以用来贮存电力。
1.细节理解题。由题干关键词“Juli D’Arcy”定位到第二段中“I lve the idea f adding value t things that are inexpensive, things that are affrdable, things that we kind f take fr granted, ” （我喜欢把价值赋予那些不贵的东西，那些我们可以负担得起的东西， 那些我们认为理所当然的东西的这个想法）。即Juli D’Arcy认为可以在砖块上面实现附加价值。故选C。
2.细节理解题。由题干关键词“a brick cnduct electricity”定位到第三段“The brick battery relies n the reddish pigment（色素）knwn as irn xide, r rust, that gives red bricks their clr. The scientists pumped the bricks with several gases that react with irn xide t prduce a netwrk f plastic fibers. These micrscpic fibers cat the empty spaces inside the bricks — and cnduct electricity.”（砖块电池依赖于红色的颜料，氧化铁，或铁锈，使红砖呈现出它们的颜色。科学家们用几种气体与氧化铁反应生成一个塑料纤维网络。这些微小的纤维覆盖了砖块内部的空隙，并导电。）可知，第—步∶clr the brick red；第二步∶pump the brick with gaes；第三步∶prduce micrscpicfibers；第四步∶cat the empty spaces inside the bricks，所以最后一步是用显微纤维覆盖砖块内部的空隙。故答案为D。
3.推理判断题。根据文中第五段中“In the future, D’Arcy says, a brick wall culd ptentially serve a duble purpse: prviding structural supprt and string electricity generated frm renewable energy surces, such as slar panels.”（ D’Arcy说：“在未来，砖墙可能有双重用途： 提供结构支撑和储存可再生能源产生的电力，比如太阳能电池板。”）可知，未来的砖墙是能够贮存电力的建筑材料。选项C符合题意。故选C。
4.推理判断题。结合最后一段“The technlgy is still at least a few years away frm being ready fr the cmmercial market. And right nw the energy strage capacity f the bricks is still pretty lw”（这项技术至少还需要几年才能投入商业市场。现在砖块的储能能力仍然很低）可推知，此处作者是从客观实际阐述这种新技术。所以态度上市很客观的。选项A.“怀疑的”；选项B.“客观的”符合题意。选项C.“保守的，守旧的”；选项D.“有争议的”。故选B。
4
Self-driving cars are just arund the crner. Such vehicles will make getting frm ne place t anther safer and less stressful. They als culd cut dwn n traffic, reduce pllutin and limit accidents. But hw shuld driverless cars handle emergencies (突发情况)? Peple disagree n the answer. And that might put the brakes n this technlgy, a new study cncludes.
T understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets sme pedestrians in the rad. Even with braking, it’s t late t avid a crash. S the car’s artificial intelligence must decide whether t swerve (急转弯). T save the pedestrians, shuld the car swerve ff the rad r swerve int ncming traffic? What if such ptins wuld likely kill the car’s passengers?
Researchers used nline surveys t study peple’s attitudes abut such situatins with driverless cars. Survey participants mstly agreed that driverless cars shuld be designed t prtect the mst peple. That included swerving int walls (r therwise sacrificing their passengers) t save a larger number f pedestrians. But there is a hitch (困境). Thse same surveyed peple want t ride in cars that prtect passengers at all csts—even if the pedestrians wuld nw end up dying. Jean Bnnefn is a psychlgist at the Tuluse Schl f Ecnmics in France. He and his clleagues reprted their findings in Science.
“Autnmus cars can cmpletely change transprtatin”, says study cauthr Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technlgy creates a mral dilemma (道德两难) that culd slw its acceptance.
Makers f driverless cars are in a tugh spt, Bnnefn’s grup warns. Mst buyers wuld want their car t be prgrammed t prtect them in preference t ther peple. Hwever, regulatins might ne day instruct that cars must act fr the greater gd. That wuld mean saving the mst peple. But the scientists think rules like this culd drive away buyers. If s, all the ptential benefits f driverless cars wuld be lst.
Cmprmises might be pssible, Kurt Gray says. He is a psychlgist at the University f Nrth Carlina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are prgrammed t prtect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Thse vehicles might be dangerus t pedestrians n rare ccasins. But they “wn’t speed, wn’t drive drunk and wn’t text while driving, which wuld be a win fr sciety.”
13. The underlined wrd “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers t____________.
A. peple’s negative attitudes twards self-driving cars
B. hw self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents
C. the technical prblems that self-driving cars have
D. hw self-driving cars handle emergencies
14. Accrding t the text, nline surveys shw that_____________.
A. self-driving cars’ artificial intelligence needs imprvement
B. the busy traffic may be a prblem fr self-driving cars
C. peple are in a mral dilemma abut driverless cars
D. self-driving cars shuld be designed t prtect drivers
15. What can we learn frm the fifth paragraph?
A. Regulatins are in favur f drivers.
B. Mst peple dislike self-driving cars nw.
C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situatin.
D. The ptential benefits f driverless cars are ignred.
16. What is Kurt Gray’s attitude tward self-driving cars?
A. Favrable.B. Dubtful.
C. Critical.D. Disapprving.
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章主要讲了在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题，道德的难题可能会限制无人驾驶汽车的吸引力。
13. 词义猜测题。由第一段“But hw shuld driverless cars handle emergencies? Peple disagree n the answer.(但是无人驾驶汽车应该如何处理紧急情况呢？人们对此有不同意见)”及划线词后的“imagine a car that suddenly meets sme pedestrians in the rad.(想象一辆汽车突然在路上遇到一些行人)”可推知,“challenge”指的是无人驾驶汽车如何处理紧急事件。故选D。
14. 细节理解题。由第三段“Survey participants mstly agreed that driverless cars shuld be designed t prtect the mst peple. That included swerving int walls (r therwise sacrificing their passengers) t save a larger number f pedestrians. But there is a hitch (困境). Thse same surveyed peple want t ride in cars that prtect passengers at all csts — even if the pedestrians wuld nw end up dying.(调查参与者大多同意无人驾驶汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而撞向墙壁（或者牺牲乘客）。但有一个问题。同样是这些被调查者，他们希望乘坐不惜一切代价保护乘客的汽车，即使行人会因此丧命)”可知，网上调查表明人们关心在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题上陷入了道德困境。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。由第五段“Makers f driverless cars are in a tugh spt, Bnnefn’s grup warns.(Bnnefn的团队警告称，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难)”可知，无人驾驶汽车的制造者处于艰难的处境。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thse vehicles might be dangerus t pedestrians n rare ccasins. But they “wn’t speed, wn’t drive drunk and wn’t text while driving, which wuld be a win fr sciety.(这些车辆在极少数情况下可能会对行人造成危险。但他们不会超速，不会酒后驾车，也不会边开车边发短信，这对社会来说是一种胜利)”可推知，作者对无人驾驶的汽车的态度是支持和赞成的。故选A。
5
As heat waves cntinue t ravage the planet, air cnditiners are becming mre and mre cmmn. Hwever, these "active" cling devices are psing prblems because the electricity cnsumptin which mst peple are cncerned abut and the release f zne-damaging chemicals wrsen the greenhuse gas effect, resulting in the creatin f heat islands and further thermal pllutin. Therefre, "passive" cling, which desn't have such effects, has attracted cnsiderable attentin frm bth scientists and rdinary peple in recent years.
In a recent study, a team f researchers frm China and US presented an ec-friendly, lw-cst smart cating t keep buildings cler while cnsuming zer electricity. Infrared radiatin-based passive cling has been investigated since 2014, but challenges, mainly the expensive and unsustainable design, have greatly limited their large-scale and widespread applicatin. Besides, the imbalance in cling ability f these catings during the day and night tends t lead t great day-night temperature differences as mre heat is lst than gained at night.
The slutin therefre requires a "smart" mechanism that can bth enhance daytime cling and minimize nighttime heat lss. T d this, the researchers created a new smart cating cmprised f cnventinal building materials, including titanium dixide nanparticles, flurescent micrparticles, and glass micrspheres that were engineered t reflect mst f the sunlight. Specifically, the titanium dixide particles effectively reflect sunlight thrugh light scattering（撒播）while the flurescent particles increase the amunt f reflectin by changing the absrbed sunlight int flurescence emissins, which drive mre heat away frm the building. Meanwhile, the glass micrspheres re-send mid-infrared bradband radiatin, allwing nt nly heat lss, but allwing heat exchange t take place between the building and the sky.
The cating was tested n a mdel cncrete building. Thrugh this efficient heat exchange with the sky, daytime cling was strengthened while nighttime cling was reduced. The building's inside temperature was always maintained at arund 26℃, even when the ut-side temperature varied frm 24℃ t 37℃ during the day. We believe this new cating will make it t cmmercializatin sn, enabling a sustainable, passive cling technlgy that culd help t fight climate change and the glbal energy crisis.
17. What is the virtue f passive cling?
A. It is simple t design.B. It uses n chemicals.
C. It is smart.D. It uses n pwer.
18. Why culdn't the frmer cating be applied cmmercially?
A. It was hard t design.
B. Its material was hard t prduce.
C. Its heat lss and cling are imbalanced.
D. It wasn't tested n a mdel cncrete building.
19. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "mechanism" in paragraph 3?
A. Metal.B. System.C. Platfrm.D. Building.
20. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The principle f air-cnditining.
B. The differences between active and passive cling.
C. A new cating t keep buildings cl withut electricity.
D. A new building t maintain its inside temperature withut electricity.
【答案】17. D 18. C 19. B 20. C
【解析】本文是说明文。本文介绍了一种环保型智能涂料，使用这种涂料不用电就能保持室内凉爽。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In a recent study, a team f researchers frm China and US presented an ec-friendly, lw-cst smart cating t keep buildings cler while cnsuming zer electricity.” （在最近的一项研究中，一组来自中国和美国的研究人员提出了一种环保、低成本的智能涂层，可以在零用电的情况下保持建筑物的凉爽。）”可知，被动冷却的优点是它不用电。故选D。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infrared radiatin-based passive cling has been investigated since 2014, but challenges, mainly the expensive and unsustainable design, have greatly limited their large-scale and widespread applicatin. Besides, the imbalance in cling ability f these catings during the day and night tends t lead t great day-night temperature differences as mre heat is lst than gained at night.（基于红外辐射的被动制冷技术自2014年开始研究，但是由于其昂贵且不可持续的设计，使其大规模的广泛应用受到了很大的限制。此外，这些涂层的冷却能力在白天和晚上的不平衡，往往导致日夜温差很大，因为失去的热量比夜间获得的热量多）”可知，为什么原有的涂层不能商业化应用是因为它的散热和冷却是不平衡的。故选C。
19. 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“that can bth enhance daytime cling and minimize nighttime heat lss.（既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。）”由此判断出，因此，解决方案需要一种“智能” 系统。这种系统既能加强白天的降温，又能最大限度地减少夜间的热量损失。所以划线词指的是一种“系统”。故选B。
20. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“We believe this new cating will make it t cmmercializatin sn, enabling a sustainable, passive cling technlgy that culd help t fight climate change and the glbal energy crisis.（我们相信，这种新的涂料将很快实现商业化，使可持续的被动冷却技术成为可能，有助于应对气候变化和全球能源危机。）”可知，文章主要介绍了一种不用电就能保持室内凉爽的新型涂料。故选C。
6
Experts have lng predicted that 3D printing will revlutinize (变革) the cnstructin industry. The wrld's first tw-stry hme printed in a single piece emerged in Antwerp, Belgium.
“What makes this huse s unique is that we printed it with a fixed 3D cncrete printer,” said Emiel Ascine, prject manager at Kamp Cnstructin Cmpany, which pineered the prject. “Other huses that were printed arund the wrld nly have ne flr. In many cases, the cmpnents were printed in a factry and were fitted tgether n-site. We, hwever, printed the entire building envelpe in ne piece n-site.”
The cnstructin prcess began in Nvember 2019 and tk nly 3 weeks, with the delivery f a massive 32-ft x 32-ft cement (水泥) 3D printer, knwn as BOD2. While it needed sme human help t set up, nce in peratin, BOD2 was fully autnmus, requiring just ne persn t mnitr the wrk frm a nearby cmputer.
The tw-stry, 986-square-ft hme, which has a small kitchen, tw living rms and a bathrm, as well as many human-installed ec-friendly features, such as underflr heating and slar panels, was pen frm July 2020 t the end f September. It is aimed t encurage the cnstructin industry t adpt emerging 3D printing technlgies in its cnstructin techniques.
“The 3D printed structure cst abut 60 percent less than a typical brick hme and was als much strnger,” Ascine said. “It shws the cnstructin industry the accessibility and ptential f this technique.”
This is nt the nly 3D printed husing prject in the wrks. In Tabasc, Mexic, the wrld's first 3D printed neighbrhd has been built. The tw-bedrm hmes, designed t accmmdate the hmeless, are strng enugh t withstand natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes. At this rate, 3D printers may sn becme a fixture at cnstructin sites wrldwide.
21. What is BOD2 used fr?
A. Prducing cncrete.B. Printing building utlines.
C. Making engineering drawings.D. Putting tgether huse cmpnents.
22. What des the underlined wrd "it" in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The cnstructin prcess.B. The tw-stry huse.
C. The cement 3D printer.D. The nearby cmputer.
23. Why was the tw-stry huse pen t the public?
A. T shelter the hmeless.
B. T attract mre investment.
C. T demnstrate its multi-functins.
D. T prmte 3D printing in the building industry.
24. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. 3D Printing: A Slutin t Husing Prblems
B. BOD2: New Trend f the Cnstructin Industry
C. Mexic's 3D Printed Neighbrhd Is Well Received
D. Wrld's First Tw stry Hme Was Whlly-printed in Belgium
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一个两层楼的住宅被打印成一件作品这个项目以及3D打印技术在建筑行业的推广和应用。
21. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Other huses that were printed arund the wrld nly have ne flr. In many cases, the cmpnents were printed in a factry and were fitted tgether n-site. We, hwever, printed the entire building envelpe in ne piece n-site.” “世界上其他打印过的房子只有一层。在很多情况下，这些部件是在工厂打印出来，然后在现场组装起来的。然而，我们在现场打印了整个建筑围护结构。”和第三段“The cnstructin prcess began in Nvember 2019 and tk nly 3 weeks, with the delivery f a massive 32-ft x 32-ft cement (水泥) 3D printer, knwn as BOD2.”施工过程于2019年11月开始，只花了3周时间，交付了一台名为BOD2的32英尺x 32英尺的巨型水泥3D打印机。由此可知BOD2是水泥3D打印机，用来打印建筑轮廓的，故选B。
22. 词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“The cnstructin prcess began in Nvember 2019 and tk nly 3 weeks, with the delivery f a massive 32-ft x 32-ft cement (水泥) 3D printer, knwn as BOD2. While it needed sme human help t set up, nce in peratin, BOD2 was fully autnmus, requiring just ne persn t mnitr the wrk frm a nearby cmputer.” 施工过程于2019年11月开始，只花了3周时间，交付了一台名为BOD2的32英尺x 32英尺的巨型水泥3D打印机。虽然它需要一些人的帮助来设置，但一旦投入运行，BOD2是完全自动的，只需要一个人在附近的计算机上监视工作。由此可知BOD2是一台水泥3D打印机。解析可知，句中的it指代的是BOD2，故我们可知it指的就是水泥3D打印机，故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The tw-stry, 986-square-ft hme, which has a small kitchen, tw living rms and a bathrm, …It is aimed t encurage the cnstructin industry t adpt emerging 3D printing technlgies in its cnstructin techniques.” 这座两层楼高、986平方英尺(约465平方米)的住宅，有一间小厨房、两间客厅和一间浴室，以及许多人为安装的环保设施，如地暖和太阳能电池板，于2020年7月至9月底开放。该计划旨在鼓励建造业在其建筑技术中采用新兴的3D打印技术。由此可知，向公众开放的两层房子是为了在建筑行业推广3D打印，故选D。
24. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Experts have lng predicted that 3D printing will revlutinize (变革) the cnstructin industry. The wrld's first tw-stry hme printed in a single piece emerged in Antwerp, Belgium.” 专家们早就预测3D打印将给建筑业带来一场革命。在比利时安特卫普，世界上第一个两层楼的住宅被打印成一件作品。由此引出下文，对世界上第一个两层楼的住宅被打印成一件作品这个项目进行了描述以及3D打印技术在建筑行业的推广和应用。因此D选项Wrld's First Tw stry Hme Was Whlly-printed in Belgium世界上第一个两层楼的住宅在比利时被打印，符合文章主题，适合作标题，故选D。