新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过专题09-定语从句（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

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【命题趋势】
考生在定语从句的学习过程中存在着以下几个问题：(1)考生不能区分定语从句；(2)关系代词与关系副词的选择混乱，不清楚关系代词与关系副词的使用情况；(3)习惯性以翻译的方式来理解定语从句、同位语从句，而使自己陷入困境之中；(4)由于对句型结构分析不到位，经常出现代词与关系代词错用的情况。
【重要考向】
一、关系代词引导的定语从句；
二、关系副词引导的定语从句；
三、“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句；
四、as引导的定语从句；
考向一
关系代词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2021浙江卷语法填空】
BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl ______gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
【关系代词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, wh, whm, whse, as等，关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语等。
1．wh, whm, that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
I've becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl wh I met in the English speech cntest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
2．whse既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whse＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋f which”或“f which＋the＋名词”来代替。
①D yu knw the by whse handwriting is very beautiful?
你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？
②This is the huse whse windw brke last night.＝This is the huse, the windw f which brke last night.＝This is the huse, f which the windw brke last night.
这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
①There used t be much shade f an ld tree in the middle f the yard, which gave us much cl in summer.
过去，院子中央的一棵古树遮成的大片树荫使我们在夏季非常凉爽。
②We hpe the measures t cntrl huse prices, which are taken by the gvernment，will succeed.
我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。
4.指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，而不用which。
(1)先行词是all, everything, smething, anything, nthing, nne, few, little, much等不定代词，或先行词被all, every, sme, any, n, few, little等修饰时。
I have read all the bks (that) yu gave me.
你给我的书我都已经读过了。
注意：当smething确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以。
There is smething that/which keeps wrrying me.
有一件事一直令我不安。
(2)先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词the first，the secnd, ...，the last修饰时。
This is the best film (that)I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
(3)先行词被the nly，the very，the right等修饰时。
The nly thing that matters is t find ur way hme.
唯一一件要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时。
They talked abut the persns and things (that) they remembered in the schl.
他们谈论起他们记得的学校里的人和事。
5．在以下情况中，只能用which，不能用that。
(1)在非限制性定语从句中，如从句中缺少主语或宾语指物，只能用which。
Our ftball team wn the final, which made us excited.
我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。
(2)关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时，只能用which。
The huse in which I used t live has becme a she shp.
过去我居住的房子变成了鞋店。
考向二
关系副词引导的定语从句
【典例】
【2020全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt ______it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.
【关系副词引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, n, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, n, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如fr)＋which。
1．关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
①Nwadays peple are mre cncerned abut the envirnment where they live.
现代人更加关心他们居住的环境。
②The reasn why I dn't trust him is that he ften tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。
when＝表时间的介词(in, n, at, during等)＋which。
where＝表地点的介词(如in, at, n, under等)＋which；
why＝表原因的介词(如fr)＋which。x^kw
2．way和time后接定语从句的情况。
(1)当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。如：
I dn't like the way (that/in which) he lks at me.
我不喜欢他看我的方式。
(2)先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。如：
①This is the first time (that) I have talked with a freigner face t face.
这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。
②There was a time when I hated ging t schl.
曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。
考向三
“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句
【典例】
【湖北省九师联盟2021届高三质量检测】Lng, lng ag, the King f the Skies had a lvely daughter, t ______ he made many careful plans fr her future.
【“介词＋which/whm”引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
掌握“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，要注意以下几点：
1关系代词的确定
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whm。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whm。如：
①This is the train n which I went t Shanghai.
这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。
②This is the student fr whm I bught the dictinary.
这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。
2介词的位置
介词一般放在关系代词which和whm之前，但也可以放在原来的位置上。如：
①The huse in which we live is very large.
＝The huse (which/that) we live in is very large.
我们住的房子很大。
②This is the man frm whm I learned the news.
＝This is the man (that/whm) I learned the news frm.
就是这个男人，我从他那里得到的这个消息。
注意：如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。如：
My yungest brther， whm I have t lk after， is demanding.
我得照看我的小弟弟，真是让人费神。
3关系代词前介词的确定
(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。如：
The fellw t whm I spke made n answer at first.
我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speak t)
The West Lake, fr which Hangzhu is famus, is a beautiful place.
西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(be famus fr)
(2)根据先行词来确定。如：
I'll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(during the time)
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。如：
Air, withut which man can't live, is really imprtant.
空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(live withut)
4“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构
此类结构常见的有“sme/many/mst/all/nne/the largest＋f＋which/whm”等。如：
①Here are the questins, sme f which I think are difficult fr yu.
问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。
②He has three sns, nne f whm are dctrs.
他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。
5 “复合介词短语＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，其从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。
He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tree.
他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。
6“介词＋which/whm＋不定式”结构
The pr man has n huse in which t live.
＝The pr man has n huse t live in.
＝The pr man has n huse in which he can live.
那个穷人没房子住。
考向四
as引导的定语从句
考察较少，学生可以做扩展知识学习。
【典例】
Children under fifteen are nt permitted t see such kind f film ________ is bad fr their mental develpment.
【as引导的定语从句提分秘籍】
1．as作为关系代词，在定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时使用，通常先行词由the same, as, such, s等修饰时，关系代词用as。
①They culd nly read such stries as had been rewritten in simple English.
他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)
②These huses are sld at such a lw price as peple expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
③This is the same knife as I lst.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
注意：与的区别
中的as引导的是定语从句，而中的that引导的是结果状语从句。当as引导定语从句时，as在从句中一般作主语或宾语，而that引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分。
①This is such a difficult prblem as all f us can't wrk ut.
这是一个我们所有人都不能解决的难题。
从句中的wrk ut缺少宾语，前面的as是关系代词，用作wrk ut的宾语。
②This is such a difficult prblem that all f us can't wrk it ut.
这个问题很难，我们中无人能解决它。
从句是完整的句子，前面的that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成分。
2．关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句可以置于主句之前、之中或之后，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。如：
①As is ften the case, little bys tend t be very active and ut f cntrl.
小男孩总是很活泼好动，很难控制，这是常见的情况。
②Einstein, as is well knwn, is a famus scientist.
众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
③There was a bank arund here as I remember.
我记得过去这儿附近有一家银行。
④He failed in the exam, which was unexpected.
他考试没及格，这是意料之外的。
(2)意义不同
as常译作“正如，像”，多用于下列习惯用语中：as anybdy can see正如人人都能看到的那样；as is well knwn＝as is knwn t all众所周知；as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样；as (it) ften happens正如经常发生的那样；as is ften the case正如经常发生的那样；as has been said befre如上所述；as is mentined abve正如上面提到的；as I remember (it)正如我所记得的那样。which常译作“这一点，这件事”，此时指前面主句所提到的那件事。如：
①He ppsed the idea, as culd be expected.
不出所料，他反对这个意见。
②Tm has made great prgress, which makes his parents very happy.
汤姆进步很大，这使他父母很高兴。
(3)用法不同
①当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which。如：
He came here very late, which was unexpected (nt expected)．
他来得很晚，这是未预料到的。
②当as在句中作主语时，后常接动词的被动语态。如：be knwn, be said, be reprted等。如果从句中动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。如：
She has been absent again, as is expected.
她又缺席了，正如预料的那样。
1.【2020全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almst lifelike.
2.【2020新高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, frmed the cre cllectin f the British Museum ______pened in 1759.
3.【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ______ she pened with her late husband Les.
4.【2019全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
They were well trained by their masters______ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
5.【2019浙江卷6月语法填空】
On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ______gives ff light in the dark.
6.【2018全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 ______ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
7.【2018全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005 – when the gvernment started a sil – testing prgram ______ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers – and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
8.【2018全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
I’m nt sure ______ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
9.【2018浙江卷6月语法填空】
Many westerners ______ cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
10.【2017全国卷Ⅰ语法填空】
Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, ______ is nt gd fr the health.
11.【2017全国卷Ⅲ语法填空】
But Sarah, ______ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants t prve that she has brains as well as beauty.
12.【2017浙江卷11月语法填空】
Like many things in life, it’s an nging prcess, and the best part f the prcess is that there’s enugh rm fr imprvement, _______means yu’ll just keep getting better and better.
13.【2017浙江卷语法填空】
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt swept int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, ______ it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it.
1.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三仿真】Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—______ wrks alngside her in the family business —said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award.
2.【重庆市一中2021届高三适应性考试】He is a dctr in Guangdng, ______saved many peple's lives in 2003.
3.【辽宁省沈阳市2021届高三教学质量监测】The Crescent Spring, ______beauty attracts turists frm hme and abrad, has becme a rmantic paradise fr visitrs.
4.【辽宁百校联盟2021届高三质监】Passengers nw can travel frm Beijing's center t Xingan New Area within 50 minutes, thanks t the Beijing-Xing Intercity Railway, ______ was fficially put int use n Sunday, a significant step in bsting the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city cluster.
5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】Nw as a Chinese internatinal, Wu is wrking hard t shw that “there are players in China ______ can shine in the best leagues in the wrld”, he tld Glbal Times.
6.【湖南省永州市2021届高三二模】The sample, ______ includes 1,700 grams f lunar rcks and sil, is larger than previus nes.
7.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】While it’s wnderful fr peple ______ Want t see what these museums ffer and teach them, it’s nt always the best fr the museums facing increasing hardships in terms f Funding.
8.【湖北省2021届高三联考】It marked the successful cnclusin f China’s current three-step lunar explratin prgram f rbiting and landing, and bringing back samples, ______ began in 2004.
9.【河北省张家口市2021届高三一模】The tables quickly turned fr an 89-year-ld pizza delivery driver ______ received a surprise delivery f his wn frm "regulars".
10.【河北省衡水中学2021届高三联考】Similarly , fish and birds, ______ are active during the day, g t their night resting places while bats cme ut.
11.【河北省保定市2021届高三模拟】The rising number f wild birds in the reserve has brught a benefit fr birdwatchers, ______ are able t spt riental strks (东方白鹤) and ther wild birds even utside the reserve.
12.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】Yung adults ______ have been expsed t lud nise ver a perid f time may have sme hearing lss symptms.
13.【广东实验中学2021届高三模拟】As the weather gets warmer and the air becmes drier, peple tend t feel their muths and tngues are dry, ______ can cause clds r cughs.
14.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】As Gan’s fame grew, they began t sell fruit frm their family rchard, ______sn fell shrt f demand.
15.【广东省六校2021届高三联考】Practising yga r Tai Chi can help t keep ur bdies supple, ______in turn can lwer jint pain and help t prtect us frm injury.
16.【广州2021届高三一模】Originally the leaves were baked int a brick, a part f ______culd be brken ff and made int a pwder.
17.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】The 2020 Summer Olympics, ______ were planned fr this summer in Tky, have been frmally put ff until 2021 because f COVID-19.
18.【福建省厦门市2021届高三质检】Learn hw t make use f eye cntact and ther bdy language flexibly s that yu are perceived t be plite, and s that yu can better cnnect with peple ______ are freign t yu!
19.【福建省龙岩市2021届高三质检】In Aug 2019, Liang wn the gld medal at the 45th Wrld Skills Cmpetitin in Electrnics in Kazan, Russia, ______is the biggest vcatinal educatin and skills excellence event in the wrld, rganized every secnd year by the Wrld Skills Internatinal with an aim t shw the skills and prmte career f yuth.
20.【福建省福州一中2021届高三模拟】Accrding t a study published in the UK recently, thse ______ like jgging and d this kind f exercise regularly fr at least ne hur a week have very high chances t live a lnger life.
21.【福建省福州市2021届高三一模】The pem implies that Lu Xun wuld serve the peple heart and sul and wuld never give in t enemies, ______ fully expresses the pet’s lyalty t the peple.
22.【重庆市育才中学2021届高三模拟】Still, when yu start yur jurney f psitive thinking, yu shall meet wnderful new peple, with ______ yu can share psitive attitude.
23.【重庆市南开中学2021届高三模拟】Nt nly that,it was left in the exact spt ______ he fed the crws.
24.【重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三模拟】The rad itself has already been cmpleted, and nw it’s nly a matter f cnnecting the grid（输电网）, ______ is expected t be finished by the end f the year alngside the cmpletin f the Jinan Expressway’s suth sectin.
25.【山东省青岛市2021届高三质检】Tai Chi Chuan, ______is famus as a kind f martial art, has been practiced China fr centuries.
26.【辽宁省辽阳市2021届高三模拟】She created a charity in memry f her grandmther, ______ passed away frm Alzheimer's disease.
27.【辽宁省辽西地区2021届高三大联考】In tday’s wrld______glbal warming is a serius issue, the bicycle is a perfect way f reducing ur carbn ftprint.
28.【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】It als helps lder passengers and thse______need help walking the last few steps t the barding gate.
29.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】Kataria als ffer bks and DVDs t peple ______dn’t have access t a lcal Laughter Club.
30.【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】His breakut vide, ______his prcess f painting Qi tian Dasheng (Mnkey King) is shwn，has wn mre than 408,000. likes，making him ppular n the platfrm.
31.【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】There they met peple frm ther parts f the cuntry, ______had als vlunteered t help.
32.【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】The University f Virginia researchers ______ran the study fllwed 169 subjects aged 15 t 25 every year fr a decade.
33.【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】He became interested in tw theries ______ pssibly explained hw chlera killed peple.
34.【河北省2021届高三模拟】The mst famus f these is the Great Red Spt, ______ is s big that Earth culd fit inside it.
35.【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】While flying thrugh the wind, it prduced sund like the music prduced by gu – zheng, ______ is a traditinal Chinese musical instrument.
36.【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】The valley including a museum claims t be the nly place ______visitrs can safely bserve wild Asian elephants.